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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Jaberi Darmiyan S, Montazer Torbati MB, Ramin M, Ghiasi SE. Effects of wheat bran replacement with pomegranate seed pulp on rumen fermentation, gas production, methanogen and protozoa populations of camel and goat rumen using competitive PCR technique: An in vitro study. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2901-2911. [PMID: 37864580 PMCID: PMC10650269 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial populations in the rumen play an essential role in the degradation of Cellulosic dietary components and in providing nutrients to the host animal. OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect the effect of pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on rumen fermentation, digestibility and methanogens and the protozoa population (by competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the camel and goat rumen fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSP was added to the experimental treatments and replaced by wheat bran (0%, 5% and 10%). Rumen fluid was collected from three goats and two camels according to the similarity of sex, breed, origin and time and used for three gas production studies. DNA extraction was performed by the RBB + c method, the ImageJ programme calculated band intensities (target and competing DNA), and line gradients were plotted based on the number of copies and intensity. RESULTS Our result showed that diets did not significantly affect the methanogen and protozoa population. Animal species affected microbial populations so that both populations in camels were less than goats. The production of gas and volatile fatty acids was not affected by diets. These two parameters and NH3 concentration and methane production in goats were higher than in camel. The pH of digested dry matter and microbial protein in camels was higher than in goats. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the competitive PCR technique is an effective method for enumerating rumen microbiota. This supplementation can be considered a strategy to achieve performance and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Jaberi Darmiyan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Seyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Dietary application of dried citrus pulp, with or without soybean oil, in lactating Holstein cow diet: Effects on feed intake, digestibility, performance, a milk fatty acid profile and total phenolics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Noor U, Soni S, Gupta E. Punica Granatum Peel Waste- An Underutilized Substrate of Therapeutic Potential: An Overview. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2022; 13:RAFNA-EPUB-127831. [PMID: 36424801 DOI: 10.2174/2772574x14666221124163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
India is the second largest consumer and producer of fruits globally. It leads to ample solid waste per year from fruit processing industries that have been proven hazardous to the surroundings. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) belongs to the Lythraceae subfamily Punicoideae, which exhibits immense nutritional properties and delicious flavoring components. The weight of this fruit mainly consists of peel, i.e., 50%, followed by 40% of arils and 10% of seeds. Thus, the major byproduct is a peel that holds many valuable bioactive compounds in higher concentrations viz saponins, carotenoids, steroids, polyphenols, quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, phenolic acids, flavonoids, ellagitannins, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, anthocyanidins, triterpenoids, glycosides, tannins, and many more. Consequently, it results in wide-ranging therapeutic applications, including antioxidative, anti-microbial, antihypertensive, anti-carcinogenic, anti-genotoxic, anti-inflammatory, glucoregulation, cardio-protective, hepato-protective and nephroprotective effects along with prebiotic potential. Considering their nutritional and therapeutic aspects, these peels can be used for many purposes rather than being disposed of. With a value-added approach, it is utilized in many food and non-food sectors. So, this review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of P. granatum peel and enlighten its diverse applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Noor
- Department of Family and Community Sciences, University of Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Shashi Soni
- Department of Family and Community Sciences, University of Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Ena Gupta
- Department of Family and Community Sciences, University of Allahabad 211002, India
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Ensiling of rice straw enhances the nutritive quality, improves average daily gain, reduces in vitro methane production and increases ruminal bacterial diversity in growing Hu lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Arun KB, Madhavan A, Anoopkumar AN, Surendhar A, Liz Kuriakose L, Tiwari A, Sirohi R, Kuddus M, Rebello S, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Reshmy R, Mathachan Aneesh E, Binod P, Sindhu R. Integrated biorefinery development for pomegranate peel: Prospects for the production of fuel, chemicals and bioactive molecules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127833. [PMID: 36029981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current experimental evidence has revealed that pomegranate peel is a significant source of essential bio compounds, and many of them can be transformed into valorized products. Pomegranate peel can also be used as feedstock to produce fuels and biochemicals. We herein review this pomegranate peel conversion technology and the prospective valorized product that can be synthesized from this frequently disposed fruit waste. The review also discusses its usage as a carbon substrate to synthesize bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids and its use in enzyme biosynthesis. Based on reported experimental evidence, it is apparent that pomegranate peel has a large number of applications, and therefore, the development of an integrated biorefinery concept to use pomegranate peel will aid in effectively utilizing its significant advantages. The biorefinery method displays a promising approach for efficiently using pomegranate peel; nevertheless, further studies should be needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Arun
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - A N Anoopkumar
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET-D), Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - A Surendhar
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Laya Liz Kuriakose
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 301, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, 11 Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharrel Rebello
- School of Food Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur 689 122, Kerala, India
| | - Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET-D), Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India.
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Akhlaghi B, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ghaffari M, Razzaghi A. Effects of supplementing pomegranate peel with fatty acid sources on oxidative stress, blood metabolites, and milk production of dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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9
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Ghoreishi SM, Zare AR, Rezvani MR, Zamiri MJ, Kargar S, Abarghuei MJ. Partial replacement of forage and concentrate with pomegranate pulp (peel and seed) silage and pomegranate seed pulp in Mehraban fattening lambs: effect on performance and carcass characteristics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:486. [PMID: 34586503 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of forage and concentrate with pomegranate pulp silage (PPS) and dried pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on performance, dry matter intake (DMI), and carcass characteristics of fattening Mehraban lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (mean body weight 27.0 ± 3.5 kg) were fed with three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (n = 8 per diet), consisting of a control diet, a PPS diet containing 27.2% pomegranate pulp silage, and a PSP diet containing 31.4% dried pomegranate seed pulp. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum as total mixed rations for 65-day fattening period, on two meals per day, and then the growth performance, feed intake, and carcass characteristics were determined. The initial BW, final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not different among the experimental diets. The amount of DMI in PSP diet was higher than that in the control diet (P = 0.023) but was not different between the control and PPS diets. There was no significant difference among diets for carcass characteristics. Using PPS and PSP in the diets decreased (P < 0.05) the kidney fat, but had no impact on the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs. The results showed that PPS and PSP could be used to replace part of the diet for fattening lambs, while decreasing the dietary cost without having any negative effects on animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, S71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Zare
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, S71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rerza Rezvani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, S71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, S71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahryar Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, S71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Abarghuei
- Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
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Singla A, Hundal JS, Patra AK, Wadhwa M, Nagarajappa V, Malhotra P. Effect of dietary supplementation of Emblica officinalis fruit pomace on methane emission, ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, and milk production performance in buffaloes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18120-18133. [PMID: 33405166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary supplementation of Emblica officinalis fruit (Indian gooseberry) pomace (EFP), a waste from fruit processing plants and rich in polyphenolic compounds, were investigated for ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane production, and milk production performance in buffaloes. An in vitro experiment was conducted using 0 to 50 g/kg of EFP (six treatments) to select an optimum dose for feeding of buffaloes. Organic matter (OM) degradability, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and acetate proportion decreased, but propionate proportion increased at the higher doses (> 30 g/kg). Methane production also decreased at the higher doses (≥ 20 g/kg). In the in vivo study, ten lactating buffaloes were randomly allotted into control and EFP groups (n = 5/group). The control group was fed a total mixed ration, whereas the EFP group was fed the control ration along with EFP at 20 g/kg of dry matter (DM) intake for 120 days. Feeding of EFP to buffaloes improved milk yield (P < 0.01) and milk production efficiency (P < 0.01). Concentration of milk protein tended (P = 0.071) to increase and that of solid not fat increased (P = 0.032) due to the EFP feeding. Yields (kg/day) of milk fat (P = 0.026), solid not fat (P = 0.011), and protein (P = 0.002) were greater in the EFP group than the control group. Somatic cell count in milk decreased (P = 0.032) due to EFP feeding. Digestibility of ether extract (P < 0.001) increased and OM (P = 0.051) tended to increase by EFP feeding. Methane production (g/d), yield (g/kg DM intake or g/kg digestible organic matter intake), and intensity (g/kg milk, g/kg milk fat, or g/kg milk protein), and methane conversion rate (percentage of gross energy intake) were lower (P < 0.01) in the EFP group than the control group. For milk fatty acid (FA) profiles, total saturated FA proportion tended to be greater (P = 0.057) in the EFP group than the control group, which was due to increased (P = 0.045) proportion of total short- and medium-chain FA (C4 to C14). Feed intake, digestibility of crude protein and fiber, and total n-6, n-3, mono-unsaturated FA, poly-unsaturated FA, and long-chain FA (C18 to C24) proportions were similar between the groups. This study suggests that feeding of EFP at 20 g/kg DM intake increases milk production and decreases methane production and intensity without impacting health of buffaloes and FA profiles of milk. This is a win-win situation for sustainable and cleaner buffalo production by improving milk production and decreasing environmental burdens of greenhouse gas emission and EFP residue disposal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singla
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700037, India.
| | - Manju Wadhwa
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Veena Nagarajappa
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Puneet Malhotra
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Abarghuei MJ, Salem AZM. Sustainable impact of pulp and leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra to enhance ruminal biofermentability, protozoa population, and biogas production in sheep. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12968-w. [PMID: 33638783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulp and leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra to reduce the ruminal biogas production in sheep. Five experimental diets of two levels of Glycyrrhiza glabra pulp (GGP) and Glycyrrhiza glabra leaves (GGL) at 150 and 300 g/kg dry matter (DM) were assessed for biogas production and fermentation parameters. Diets were control (diet without GGP or GGL), GGP15 (diet contains GGP at 150 g/kg DM), GGP30 (diet contains GGP at 300 g/kg DM), GGL15 (diet contains GGL at 150 g/kg DM), and GGL30 (diet contains GGL at 300 g/kg DM). Inclusion of 150 and 300 g/kg GGP and 300 g/kg GGL decreased (P < 0.0001) asymptotic biogas production (A), fermentation rate (μ), biogas production at 24 h of incubation (GP24), apparent degraded substrate (ADS), in vitro organic matter disappearance (OMD), and metabolizable energy (ME). Microbial protein biomass (MP) was improved (P = 0.003) by GGP15, GGL15, and GGL30 versus control. Total VFAs (P = 0.003), acetate (P = 0.009), and butyrate (P = 0.002), CH4 (mmol and mL/g OMD), CO2 (mmol and mL/g OMD) (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0002, respectively), were decreased in GGP15, GGP30, and GGL30 diets versus control. Acetate to propionate ratio (Ac/Pr) was decreased (P = 0.038) in GGL30 diet compared to other diets. Replacing GGP and GGL with alfalfa reduced NH3-N concentration (P = 0.022), total protozoa (P < 0.0001), Isotricha spp. (P = 0.047), Dasytricha spp. (P = 0.067), subfamilies of Entodiniinae (P < 0.0001), and Diplodiniinae (P = 0.06). Results suggested that inclusion of dietary GGL at 150 g/kg dry matter positively modified some rumen parameters such as microbial protein production, protozoa population, and NH3-N concentration, which may be useful economically in ruminant animals and decreasing of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Abarghuei
- Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
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Partovi E, Rouzbehan Y, Fazaeli H, Rezaei J. Broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage as a feed resource for fattening lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa078. [PMID: 32905179 PMCID: PMC7465541 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of feeding broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage [BBWS; 69:31 ratio, dry matter (DM) basis] on performance, microbial N synthesis (MNS), rumen, and blood parameters in Fashandy lambs were evaluated. Three diets, with equal metabolizable energy and crude protein (CP) with a forage to concentrate ratio of 27:73 (DM basis), were formulated in which forage (lucerne and wheat straw) was replaced by BBWS (0, 100, or 200 g/kg of diet DM). These were assigned to three groups (n = 15/group) in a completely randomized block design for a 70-d period in which diets were offered as a total mixed ration. For each animal, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), in vivo apparent digestibility, MNS, N retention, rumen, and blood parameters were measured. The BBWS diets had no influence on DMI, ADG, feed conversion efficiency, in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, CP, and ash-free neutral detergent fiber. Neither MNS and N retention nor serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, cholesterol, urea N, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein, albumin, and globulin were affected. Rumen pH, NH3-N, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, the ratio of acetic to propionic acid, and protozoa numbers were, also, not influenced. In summary, BBWS may be fed to Fashandy lambs up to 200 g/kg of diet DM without any adverse impacts on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Partovi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Rouzbehan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Fazaeli
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Ku-Vera JC, Jiménez-Ocampo R, Valencia-Salazar SS, Montoya-Flores MD, Molina-Botero IC, Arango J, Gómez-Bravo CA, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Solorio-Sánchez FJ. Role of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:584. [PMID: 33195495 PMCID: PMC7481446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiome plays a fundamental role in all ruminant species, it is involved in health, nutrient utilization, detoxification, and methane emissions. Methane is a greenhouse gas which is eructated in large volumes by ruminants grazing extensive grasslands in the tropical regions of the world. Enteric methane is the largest contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases originating from animal agriculture. A large variety of plants containing secondary metabolites [essential oils (terpenoids), tannins, saponins, and flavonoids] have been evaluated as cattle feedstuffs and changes in volatile fatty acid proportions and methane synthesis in the rumen have been assessed. Alterations to the rumen microbiome may lead to changes in diversity, composition, and structure of the methanogen community. Legumes containing condensed tannins such as Leucaena leucocephala have shown a good methane mitigating effect when fed at levels of up to 30–35% of ration dry matter in cattle as a result of the effect of condensed tannins on rumen bacteria and methanogens. It has been shown that saponins disrupt the membrane of rumen protozoa, thus decreasing the numbers of both protozoa and methanogenic archaea. Trials carried out with cattle housed in respiration chambers have demonstrated the enteric methane mitigation effect in cattle and sheep of tropical legumes such as Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Samanea saman which contain saponins. Essential oils are volatile constituents of terpenoid or non-terpenoid origin which impair energy metabolism of archaea and have shown reductions of up to 26% in enteric methane emissions in ruminants. There is emerging evidence showing the potential of flavonoids as methane mitigating compounds, but more work is required in vivo to confirm preliminary findings. From the information hereby presented, it is clear that plant secondary metabolites can be a rational approach to modulate the rumen microbiome and modify its function, some species of rumen microbes improve protein and fiber degradation and reduce feed energy loss as methane in ruminants fed tropical plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ku-Vera
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico.,National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research-INIFAP, Experimental Field Valle del Guadiana, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - María Denisse Montoya-Flores
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Physiology and Animal Breeding, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research-INIFAP, Ajuchitlan, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Fernando Aguilar-Pérez
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Solorio-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
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14
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Ciampi F, Sordillo LM, Gandy JC, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M, Santillo A. Evaluation of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in a bovine in vitro model of oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8938-8947. [PMID: 32713694 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to many inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle especially during periods of increased metabolic activity such as around calving. Endothelial cells play a key role in maintaining normal inflammatory responses, but they are especially susceptible to macromolecule damage during times of oxidative stress. Therefore, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were used to study the effect of natural tannin-based extracts on oxidative stress that may improve health and well-being of cattle. Tannins are secondary metabolites in plants with potent antioxidant activity that have been used as natural feed additives for food-producing animals. However, there is little information on how tannin-rich plant extracts may affect oxidative stress in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum; PMG), tara (Caesalpinia spinosa; TA), chestnut (Castanea sativa; CH), and gambier (Uncaria gambir; GM) natural extracts using an in vitro BAEC model of oxidative stress. Natural extracts were tested at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and isoprostanes were determined on cultured BAEC treated with different plant natural extracts. No changes in cell viability was detected following PMG and GM treatments. In contrast, there was a 30% reduction of BAEC viability following treatment with CH or TA extracts. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was significantly less abundant in cells treated with natural extracts than with the lipopolysaccharide control. Moreover, antioxidant activity varied according to the tested extract, showing a reduction of 63, 45, 51, and 27% in PMG, GM, CH, and TA, respectively. The formation of isoprostanes as a consequence of lipid peroxidation after induction of oxidative stress also were significantly decreased in PMG-treated cells when compared with the untreated cells. Theses findings suggest that PMG extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress without detrimental effects on cell viability. Further in vitro and in vivo research is warranted to explore the antioxidant potential of PMG extract as a dietary supplement to control oxidative stress in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciampi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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15
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Herremans S, Vanwindekens F, Decruyenaere V, Beckers Y, Froidmont E. Effect of dietary tannins on milk yield and composition, nitrogen partitioning and nitrogen use efficiency of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1209-1218. [PMID: 32166839 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are secondary plant compounds which have been extensively studied in order to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of ruminants. A meta-analysis was performed of 58 in vivo experiments comparing milk yield, composition and nitrogen metabolism of lactating dairy cows fed diets with or without tannins. The meta-analysis shows that tannins have no impact on corrected milk yield, fat and protein content or NUE (p > .05). However, tannins reduce ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (N) production by 16% (from 10.95 to 8.47 mg/dl on average), milk urea by 9% (from 15.82 to 14.03 mg/dl) and urinary N excretion (-11%; p < .05). This is compensated for by a lower apparent N digestibility (61.51% with dietary tannins compared to 66.17% without). The effect of tannin on N metabolism parameters increases with tannin dose (p < .05). The shift from urinary to faecal N may be beneficial for environment preservation, as urinary N induces more harmful emissions than faecal N. From a farmer's perspective, tannins seem unable to increase fat- and protein-corrected milk yield or reduce feed protein requirements and thus have no direct economic benefit. Potentially less costly than tannin extracts, forage or by-products naturally rich in tannins could still be useful to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant protein feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Herremans
- Production and Sectors Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Vanwindekens
- Agriculture and Natural Environment Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Virginie Decruyenaere
- Production and Sectors Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition, University of Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eric Froidmont
- Production and Sectors Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
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16
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Motamedi H, Azizi A, Ahmadi M. Nutritive value of treated Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani leaves with the tannin-degrading bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae for ruminant feeding in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1339-1348. [PMID: 31386790 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro gas production (GP) and fermentation parameters of Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani leaves following treatment with the Klebsiella pneumoniae, a tannin-degrading bacterium. METHODS AND RESULTS This isolate was isolated on medium containing tannic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy, and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. In both oak leaf species (i.e. Q. infectoria and Q. libani), inoculation with Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly increased (P < 0·05) dry matter (DM) loss. For Q. libani, crude protein content was increased (P = 0·02) by bacterial treatment vs. control. In both oak leaves, total phenolic content and total tannins were decreased (P < 0·05) as a consequence of bacterial treatment. However, bacterial processing didn't changed (P > 0·05) organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre or acid detergent lignin content of treated leaves. In both oak leaves the measuring parameters including GP volume, in vitro digestibility of DM and OM, estimated metabolizable energy, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, ammonia nitrogen concentration, total protozoal population and the subfamily Isotricha in treatments were higher (P < 0·05) than control. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that biological treatment of Q. infectoria and Q. libani leaves with K. pneumoniae represents a useful approach to decrease their phenolic compound content and improve their nutritive value as ruminant feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated that biologically processing of tannin-containing by-products with K. pneumoniae could increase their nutritive value as ruminant feeds and increase animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Azizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - M Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Hundal J, Singh I, Wadhwa M, Singh C, Uppal C, Kaur G. Effect of Punica granatum and Tecomella undulata supplementation on nutrient utilization, enteric methane emission and growth performance of Murrah male buffaloes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/109237/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Karamnejad K, Sari M, Salari S, Chaji M. Effects of nitrogen source on the performance and feeding behavior of lambs fed a high concentrate diet containing pomegranate peel. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Safari M, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ansari-Mahyari S. Supplementation effects of pomegranate by-products on oxidative status, metabolic profile, and performance in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11297-11309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Khosravi M, Rouzbehan Y, Rezaei M, Rezaei J. Total replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage improves milk fatty acid profile and antioxidant capacity of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10953-10961. [PMID: 30316585 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Total mixed rations containing corn silage (CS) or forage sorghum silage (SS) were fed to mid-lactation Holstein cows to determine the effects on feed intake, lactation performance, milk composition and fatty acid profile, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, rumen microbial N synthesis, and antioxidant status. The experiment was designed as a 2-period change-over (two 28-d periods) trial with 2 diets including CS diet or SS diet and 12 cows. Total replacement of CS with SS had no significant influence on dry matter intake. Substituting CS with SS had no effect on milk production, feed efficiency, and milk concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat, whereas yields of milk fat, protein, and lactose were greater for cows fed the CS diet. Blood parameters including glucose, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, urea N, and fatty acids were not affected by the dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were not significantly influenced by the diets. Replacing CS with SS had no effect on total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas total polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage was greater with the SS diet. Proportions of C20:0, C18:3n-3, and C18:3n-6 were affected by feeding SS. Cows fed CS had a greater amount of urinary purine derivatives. Feeding SS had a positive effect on total antioxidant capacity of blood and milk. In conclusion, SS can be fed to lactating Holstein cows as a total replacement for CS without undesirable effects on animal performance, but with positive effects on antioxidant capacity and polyunsaturated fatty acids of milk. This forage can be an excellent choice for dairy farms in areas where cultivation of corn is difficult due to water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khosravi
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, PO Box 14115-336, Iran
| | - Y Rouzbehan
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, PO Box 14115-336, Iran.
| | - M Rezaei
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3146618361, Iran
| | - J Rezaei
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, PO Box 14115-336, Iran
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21
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Hatami A, Alipour D, Hozhabri F, Tabatabaei M. Effect of different levels of pomegranate marc with or without polyethylene glycol on performance, nutrients digestibility and protozoal population in growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Nudda A, Correddu F, Atzori A, Marzano A, Battacone G, Nicolussi P, Bonelli P, Pulina G. Whole exhausted berries of Myrtus communis L. supplied to dairy ewes: Effects on milk production traits and blood metabolites. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Refat B, Anele U, He ZX, Bassiony SM, Abdel-Rahman GA, Yang WZ. Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Refat, B., Anele, U., He, Z. X., Bassiony, S. M., Abdel-Rahman, G. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 417–423. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of supplementation of sainfoin hay extract (SHE) and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, protein metabolism and nutrient digestibility using rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. Dietary treatments were: (1) control (10% barley silage and 90% concentrate), and control supplemented (2) with SHE (4.1 g catechin equivalent kg−1dry matter; DM) or (3) with PPE (2.8 g tannic acid equivalents kg−1DM). The experiment consisted of 10 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower (P<0.02), but molar proportion of acetate was higher (P<0.01) with SHE or PPE than control. Branched-chain VFA decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation compared with control. Concentrations of large and small peptides were not affected but ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation. Digestibility of DM, starch and crude protein decreased (P<0.02) with SHE and PPE supplementation compared with control. Bacterial nitrogen production (mg d−1) and bacterial efficiency (g bacterial nitrogen kg−1digested organic matter) were not affected by SHE or PPE supplementation. Overall, there were no differences in VFA concentrations, nitrogen fractions and nutrient digestibility between SHE and PPE except for the concentrations of branched-chain VFA and NH3-N, which were higher (P<0.01) with SHE versus PPE supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high-grain diet with SHE or PPE can decrease rumen by-pass protein; however, suppression of feed fermentation may decrease the feeding value of high-grain diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Refat
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt 44511
| | - U. Anele
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - Z. X. He
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - S. M. Bassiony
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt 44511
| | - G. A. Abdel-Rahman
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt 44511
| | - W. Z. Yang
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Abarghuei M, Rouzbehan Y, Salem A, Zamiri M. Nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows fed pomegranate-peel extract. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Salem AZM, Kholif AE, Elghandour MMY, Hernandez SR, Domínguez-Vara IA, Mellado M. Effect of increasing levels of seven tree species extracts added to a high concentrate diet on in vitro rumen gas output. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:853-60. [PMID: 24796241 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Celtis pallida, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Fraxinus excelsior, Ficus trigonata, Phoradendrom brevifolium and Prunus domestica on in vitro gas production (GP) and ruminal fermentation of a high concentrate diet. Plant extracts were prepared at 1 g dry matter (DM)/8 mL of solvent mixture (methanol : ethanol : water, 1:1:8) and added at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM of a high concentrate diet. In vitro GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Increasing addition of extracts linearly increased (P < 0.001), the GP24 , GP48 and GP72 (mL/g DM), and linearly decreased (P < 0.001), the discrete GP lag time. Moreover, increasing extract doses linearly increased (P < 0.001) the asymptotic GP and decreased (P < 0.001) the rate of GP. GP6 was not impacted by treatments and GP12 increased linearly (P = 0.01) with increasing addition of extracts. Rumen pH declined linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of extracts added. As no interactions (P > 0.05) occurred between the extracts and doses, it could be conclude that all extracts positively modified rumen fermentation at doses of 1.2 to 1.8 mL extract/g diet DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico; Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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