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Araújo MJ, de Carvalho Neto JP, Santos CB, Marques CAT, da Costa Torreão JN, Freitas NE, Gurgel ALC, Dias-Silva TP, Itavo LCV, Bezerra LR, Edvan RL. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of rumen fluid of lactating goats fed diets containing crude glycerin from waste frying oil used in biodiesel production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:295. [PMID: 37713030 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerin from the biodiesel industry is a alternative energy source used to replace part of the energy components of the diet, since the nutritional value of glycerol makes it suitable for use in ruminant diets. The objective was to analyze the effects including crude glycerin (CG) derived from the production of biodiesel from residual frying oil, in diets of lactating goats on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of rumen fluid. Eight 2-year-old goats weighting approximately 42.06 ± 3.5 kg of body weight (BW) were kept in individual stalls, receiving diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21% of CG (% DM). The experiment was carried out according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square and lasted for 80 days. Orthogonal contrasts were tested to determine linear and quadratic effects, as well as the effects of 0% CG in the diet in comparison to the other treatments. There was a linear decreasing effect on DM intake (P = 0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.0001), as well as a quadratic effect (P = 0.0002) on ether extract (EE) intake with increasing level of CG in the diet. Including CG affected motility and density of the protozoa (P = 0.0001). Treatments had no effect on pH, N-NH3 concentration and percentage of protozoa in the rumen liquid. There was increasing linear effect on sedimentation and flotation time (P = 0.001). Therefore, including 14 and 21% CG in the diet as a source of glycerol decreased nutrient intake and altered the ruminal microbiota, but pH and N-NH3 were not affected. Thus, to avoid impairment to the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the rumen liquid of goats, the inclusion of CG should not exceed 7% DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jácome Araújo
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
| | - José Pires de Carvalho Neto
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Barbosa Santos
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
| | | | - Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Km 03 - Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Natylane Eufransino Freitas
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil.
| | - Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Vinhas Itavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinára e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Avenida Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária, S/N - Santa Cecília, Patos, Paraíba, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Loiola Edvan
- Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Avenida Manoel Gracindo Km 1, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, Piauí, PI 64900-000, Brazil
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Paiva P, Rebelo L, Gomes R, Zanchetin M, Baroni A, Godoy H, Pereira-Junior S, Del Valle T, Abreu J, Zervoudakis J, Cabral L, Galati R. Nitrogen utilization and nutrient intake and digestibility can be improved in sheep fed cotton-burrs with crude glycerin. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Su M, Chen D, Zhou J, Shen Q. Effects of Different Dietary Carbohydrate Sources on the Meat Quality and Flavor Substances of Xiangxi Yellow Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091136. [PMID: 35565563 PMCID: PMC9105694 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dietary supplementation of starches with different carbohydrate sources on the proximate composition, meat quality, flavor substances, and volatile flavor substances in the meat of Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle. A total of 21 Chinese Xiangxi yellow steers (20 ± 0.5 months, 310 kg ± 5.85 kg) were randomly divided into three groups (control, corn, and barley groups), with seven steers per group. The control steers received a conventional diet (coarse forage type: whole silage corn at the end of the dough stage as the main source), the corn group received a diet with corn as the main carbohydrate source, and the barley group received a diet with barley as the main carbohydrate source. The experiment lasted for 300 d. and the means of the final weights in the control, corn, and barley groups were 290 kg, 359 kg, and 345 kg. The diets were isonitrogenous. The corn and barley groups reduced the moisture (p = 0.04) and improved the intramuscular fat content of the meat (p = 0.002). They also improved meat color (a*) (p = 0.01) and reduced cooking loss (p = 0.08), shear force (p = 0.002), and water loss (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 5′-nucleotide content (p > 0.05), the equivalent umami concentration (EUC) (p = 0.88), and taste activity value (TAV) (p > 0.05) among the three groups. The 5′-IMP (umami) content was the highest in the 5′-nucleotide and its TAV > 1. The corn and barley groups improved the content of tasty amino acids (tAA, p < 0.001). The corn group had a higher content of sweet amino acids (SAA, p < 0.001) and total amino acids (TAA, p = 0.003). Corn and barley improved the levels of MUFA (p < 0.001), PUFA (p = 0.002), n-3 PUFA (p = 0.005), and n-6 PUFA (p = 0.020). The levels of alcohols, hydrocarbons, and aldehydes in the corn group were higher than in the barley and control groups (p < 0.001). The esters content in the corn group was higher than in the barley and control groups (p = 0.050). In conclusion, feeding corn or barley as a carbohydrate source can improve the nutrient content and taste. Feeding corn as a carbohydrate source can improve the content of free amino acids (Cys, Glu, Gly, Thr, Leu, Trp, Gln, Asn, and Asp), fatty acids (saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3PUFA, n-6PUFA, and total fatty acid), and volatile flavor substances (alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and hydrocarbons) to improve the flavor and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Su
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-13787038140
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qingwu Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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Leal ES, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Nogueira É, Franco GL, de Nadai Bonin Gomes M, Dos Santos Difante G, Dias AM, Pereira MWF, Gurgel ALC, de Mello JAT. Combinations of by-products from biodiesel production included in the supplement for finishing heifers on deferred pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:262. [PMID: 33860376 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that by-products from biodiesel production like crambe meal (Crambe abyssinica) totally replace soybean meal (Glycine max) and crude glycerin could partially replace corn (Zea mays). Our aim was to evaluate different supplements with combinations of crambe meal and crude glycerin replacing soybean meal or corn on performance and carcass traits of finishing heifers. Sixty Nellore heifers 18 months old were used, and 298.96 ± 21.99 kg of body weight allotted in Brachiaria brizantha pastures. All heifers were distributed in a randomized complete block design, with four treatments being the following supplements: corn + soybean meal (CS), corn + crambe meal (CCr), corn + soybean meal + crude glycerin (CSG), corn + crambe meal + crude glycerin + (CCrG). The animals were distributed in four paddocks of 13 hectares each, in a continuous grazing system. We evaluated pasture characteristics, intake, performance, carcass traits, characteristics, and centesimal composition of Longissimus thoracis muscle. There was an effect (P < 0.05) of inclusion of crambe meal on the performance of the animals for slaughter weight and daily gain. The supplement containing corn + soybean meal (CS) presented better conversion rates and food efficiency. There was an effect of inclusion of crambe meal and crude glycerin on the centesimal composition of Longissimus thoracis muscle. The use of crambe meal and crude glycerin as alternative sources from the agro-industry of biodiesel in concentrate supplement for finishing heifers in pastures can promote positive effects related to productive performance and carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Souza Leal
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil.
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Ériklis Nogueira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, 79106-550, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gumercindo Loriano Franco
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Marília Williani Filgueira Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Juliana Antonia Tonetto de Mello
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipirang, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Brazil
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Almeida VVS, Oliveira AC, Silva RR, Ribeiro JS, Oliveira HC, Santos LS, Lima DM. Crude glycerin in the supplementation of crossbred heifers in tropical pastures. Animal 2021; 15:100088. [PMID: 33712207 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerin (CG) is a biodiesel byproduct that has been tested as an alternative feed additive for use in beef production. After being absorbed, it is used in the liver to produce glucose, an important precursor of intramuscular fat in ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CG (439 g/kg glycerol) on the performance and meat quality of crossbred heifers finished in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Thirty-six heifers with an initial BW of 301.5 ± 23.02 kg were used. They were supplemented for 154 days with the following levels of CG: mineral mixture (without CG), 33.3, 66.6 and 99.9 g/kg CG in the DM of the supplement. Supplement or pasture DM intakes, slaughter BW and carcass traits were not influenced (P > 0.05) by increasing levels of CG. The total fat content of the meat, the vaccenic (18:1 n-7t) and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2 c9-t11) increased with the addition of CG in the diet (P < 0.05). Crude glycerin can be included up to 99.9 g/kg of the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred heifers finished in the tropical pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V S Almeida
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - R R Silva
- Southwest Bahia State University, Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - J S Ribeiro
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - H C Oliveira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - L S Santos
- Southwest Bahia State University, Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - D M Lima
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil.
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Brant LMS, de Carvalho GGP, Pina DDS, de Araújo MLGML, Santos SA, Leite LC, Alba HDR, Bulcão LFDA, da Silva LO, de Freitas Júnior JE. Estimation of ruminal outflow in buffaloes fed diets with different energy and protein sources by use of reticular and omasal sampling. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:201. [PMID: 33687567 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different traditional or alternative energy and protein sources, associated or not, on feeding behavior, ruminal kinetics, and post-ruminal flow of nutrients. Besides, it was assessed diets' effects on different sites (reticulum and omasum) of buffaloes. Four ruminally cannulated male Murrah buffaloes (average initial weight of 637 ± 66.37 kg) were randomly distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor evaluated was the inclusion of energy sources (ground corn and crude glycerin), and the second factor was the inclusion of protein sources (soybean meal and cottonseed cake). Buffaloes fed cottonseed cake had a higher content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and potentially digestible detergent fiber (pdNDF) in the rumen environment than buffaloes fed soybean meal. There was a sampling site effect on rumen digestion rates of pdNDF, passage rates of indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and pdNDF, and flow of iNDF. In this study, omasal collections were more representative. Total replacement of ground corn by crude glycerin promoted less NDF ruminal digestibility, and care should be taken to include this energy source. The cottonseed cake does not cause a difference in rumen dynamics and can totally replace soybean meal in feedlot buffaloes' diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Santos Brant
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dos Santos Pina
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | | | - Stefanie Alvarenga Santos
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - Laudi Cunha Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, 44.380-000, Brazil
| | - Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fialho de Aragão Bulcão
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - Liliane Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil
| | - José Esler de Freitas Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40.170-110, Brazil.
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Brant LMS, de Carvalho GGP, Júnior JEF, Pereira FM, Pina DS, Santos SA, Silva SNS, Alba HDR, Cirne LGA, Araujo MLGML, Leite LC. Feeding behavior of feedlot lambs fed diets with different energy and protein sources. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:158. [PMID: 33566190 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the replacement of ground corn by crude glycerin and soybean meal by cottonseed cake, in association or not, on feedlot lambs' feeding behavior. Thirty-two non-castrated crossbred ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês lambs, with an average body weight of 18.52 ± 3.24 kg (mean ± standard deviation), were distributed in a completely randomized design, into four treatments and eight replicates per treatment, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Four experimental diets were tested with different sources or combinations of energy and protein ingredients in the concentrate, respectively: (1) ground corn + soybean meal; (2) ground corn and cottonseed cake; (3) crude glycerin and soybean meal; and (4) crude glycerin and cottonseed cake. The glycerin decreased dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) intakes, whereas it increased times spent in feeding (P = 0.009; from 21.8 to 28.6), rumination (P = 0.006; from 56.2 to 67.2), and chewing (P < 0.001; from 79.4 to 97.2), in minutes/100 g of DM. Feeding efficiencies of DM (P = 0.003) and NDF (P = 0.008) were decreased by the diets. Protein sources increased (P = 0.018) the times spent in chewing and per period in rumination (P = 0.014). Cottonseed cake, as a protein source, up to a 112 g/kg DM level, can totally replace soybean meal in diets for feedlot lambs without effects on the intake, behavioral activities, and feeding efficiencies. In contrast, the crude glycerin energy source is not adequate to replace ground corn in lambs' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G P de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J E Freitas Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - F M Pereira
- Animal Science, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D S Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S A Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S N S Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - H D R Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L G A Cirne
- Institute of Biodiversity and Forestry, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M L G M L Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L C Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
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Castro Filho ES, Roma Júnior LC, Ezequiel JMB, Salles MSV, Almeida MTC, Perez HL, Suguino E, van Cleef EHCB. Effect of thyme essential oil supplementation on feed intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood parameters and in vitro methane yield of Nellore cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Syahniar TM, Andriani M, Ridla M, Laconi EB, Nahrowi N, Jayanegara A. Glycerine as a feed supplement for beef and dairy cattle: A meta-analysis on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:419-430. [PMID: 33128302 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of glycerine supplementation at various concentrations on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics of beef and dairy cattle in vivo by using a quantitative meta-analysis approach. Meta-analysis was performed by integrating a total of 52 studies from 39 articles and 182 treatments into a database. Data were constructed into an intact database and did not distinguish between beef and dairy cattle, except for the parameters of production performance and product characteristics. Data summarized were analysed by using a statistical meta-analysis that employed a fixed effect of glycerine supplementation level and a random effect of various studies for both beef and dairy cattle. Significance of an effect was stated at the probability level of p < .05, and p < .1 was considered as a tendency of significant. Results revealed that there was a linear decrease on dry matter intake (p < .01) and daily gain (p < .05) of beef cattle with the increasing levels of glycerine supplementation. Glycerine supplementation did not decrease milk production of lactating dairy cows. Molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was decreased (p < .001), whereas propionate and butyrate proportions were increased (both at p < .001) by glycerine supplementation. Generally, glycerine did not change nutrient digestibility except that it reduced fibre digestibility (p < .001). Glycerine supplementation linearly lowered triglyceride and NEFA concentrations (both at p < .05) in the blood serum, but not other blood metabolites. Glycerine tended to linearly increase (p < .1) carcass percentage in beef cattle. Increasing dietary glycerine levels decreased milk fat (p < .01) but elevated milk protein (p < .001). Glycerine tended to increase milk lactose (p < .1) by following a quadratic pattern. The proportion of MUFA was increased quadratically by glycerine supplementation (p < .05), whereas glycerine tended to decrease SFA by following a quadratic pattern (p < .1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo M Syahniar
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mira Andriani
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Erika B Laconi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nahrowi Nahrowi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081379. [PMID: 32784495 PMCID: PMC7460308 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glycerol, as well as being an attractive feed ingredient for cattle, is also a by-product of a wide range of industrial applications. Glycerol has potential value in farming since it improves metabolism, feed efficiency, and can alleviate the symptoms of ketosis. Data indicate that glycerol can be a suitable partial grain replacement in the diet of cows during the transition period and at the beginning of lactation. The impact on milk yield is not significant, but glycerol mostly decreases milk fat content. The inclusion of dietary glycerol in the ration of dairy cows has an affect on ruminal fermentation patterns. Glycerol is rapidly fermented in the rumen into propionate, and it is metabolized to glucose in the liver through the process of glycogenolysis. Additionally, glycerol administration to ruminants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential benefits and drawbacks related to the use of glycerol in cattle. Abstract The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in the feeding of ruminants can be justified for several reasons: (i) it is a source of energy in the ration, (ii) it is a glucogenic precursor, and (iii) it may have an effect on milk composition. The high energy value of glycerol provides the opportunity to use this raw material as a partial grain substitute in cattle feed rations. Dietary supplementation of glycerol is associated with increased propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations in the rumen. Glycerol can be used at up to 10%–15% of the dietary dry matter (DM) and is well-established as a treatment for ketosis in cows. Glycerol increases plasma glucose and may reduce non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The use of glycerol does not have a clear effect on DM intake, milk yield, or milk composition. However, some authors have reported an increase in milk yield after glycerol supplementation associated with decreased milk fat concentration. It is also possible that the concentration in the milk of odd-chain fatty acids and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid may increase after glycerol application.
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Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Chen L, Bai Y, Jia Y, Shao T. Evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and waste molasses as fermentation modifier to increase silage quality and reduce ruminal greenhouse gas emissions of rice straw. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:143-152. [PMID: 31229812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum and molasses have been shown to function as fermentation modifiers in both silage and rumen fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L. plantarum MTD1, a commercial probiotic, when co-administered with waste molasses (WM), on the silage quality, rumen volatile fatty acids and greenhouse gas (GHG) production of rice straw. Rice straw was ensiled with no additive (Control), 106 cfu/g L. plantarum (L), L + 2%WM, L + 3%WM and L + 4%WM for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 60 days. The rumen volatile fatty acids and gas production kinetics were determined using in vitro incubation technology. All additives, especially L + 4%WM, improved the silage quality of rice straw, indicated by higher lactic acid and nonstructural carbohydrate content, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen content (P < 0.05). A simple linear regression showed that the ruminal propionic concentration increased (linear, P < 0.0001) and the ratio of acetic to propionic acid decreased (linear, P = 0.0002) as a function of WM dose. The 60-day ensilage could decrease ruminal total gas production by 13.51-31.29% as compared to the untreated rice straw. Wherein L had no effect on the mitigation of CH4 but decreased the CO2 production, and further WM inclusion decreased the CH4 production with a dose effect. If the better silage quality and lower ruminal GHG production observed in the study are confirmed in practice, applying L + 4%WM may provide an insight for straw waste management while reducing pollution input into the atmosphere system. This in vitro study can be valuable for screening and informing on the suitability of these fermentation modifiers for further evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Van Cleef EHCB, Uwituze S, Alvarado-Gilis CA, Miller KA, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Aperce CC, Drouillard JS. Elevated concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle: feedlot performance, carcass traits, and ruminal metabolism1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4341-4348. [PMID: 31504581 PMCID: PMC6776277 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in diets for beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were fed diets with 0 or 15% CG (DM basis), to evaluate DM disappearance, VFA profiles, and gas production. There was a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.06) between diet fed to donor animals and substrate fed to in vitro system, and digestion was increased when CG was added to cultures with ruminal fluid from CG-fed animals. Total VFA were unaffected by diets or by substrate incubated. The CG increased production of propionate, butyrate, and valerate (P < 0.01) while the gas production was unaffected (P = 0.16). In Exp. 2, 24 crossbred heifers (334.4 ± 0.9 kg BW) were fed the same diets as Exp. 1, for 35 d. Fecal grab samples were collected 3 times daily on day 7, 21, and 35, to evaluate total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF. The CG improved digestibility of diet OM (P = 0.04), and DM followed a similar trend (P = 0.06), while the NDF digestibility was unaffected (P = 0.29). In Exp. 3, crossbred heifers (n = 374; 375.8 ± 36.1 kg BW) were used to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass traits when fed diets with 0, 7.5, or 15% CG, with or without added 0.3% salt. Heifers were assigned to 25 pens and were harvested on day 125. Removing salt from CG-based diets did not impact performance (P = 0.50). The CG did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.27), but decreased DM intake (P = 0.003), USDA Yield Grade (P = 0.01), and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.03), while tended to decrease USDA prime carcasses (P = 0.10). Carcass weight (P = 0.24), Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.63), and kidney, pelvic, heart fat (P = 0.59) were unaffected by CG. Twelfth-rib fat was less for heifers fed 15% CG without salt compared with the other treatments (P = 0.005), while marbling was less for heifers fed CG diets compared with the control-fed animals (linear, P = 0.004; quadratic, P = 0.02). In conclusion, GC can replace dry-rolled corn in diets for beef heifers when fed at 15% of diet DM, improving OM digestion, increasing ruminal propionate and butyrate without affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Feeding up to 15% CG improves feed efficiency but depresses marbling and tends to decrease Quality Grade. Removing supplemental salt from CG-diets has no impact on performance or carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H C B Van Cleef
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Solange Uwituze
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Christian A Alvarado-Gilis
- Institute of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kevin A Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Celine C Aperce
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - James S Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Valencia Echavarria DM, Giraldo Valderrama LA, Marín Gómez A. In vitro fermentation of Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov increased methane production with ruminal fluid adapted to crude glycerol. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:565-571. [PMID: 31463661 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of ruminal fluid adapted to crude glycerol supplementation on in vitro methane and fermentation parameters of the forage Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov (Kikuyu forage) of 35 (D35) and 45 days (D45) of regrowth. Four non-lactating cannulated Holstein cows with 600 ± 33 kg LW, under a randomized Latin square design (4 animals × 4 periods), were used to obtain ruminal fluid after adaptation for 13 days within each period to supplementation in the rumen with crude glycerol (GL): 0 (GL0), 500 (GL1), 1000 (GL2), and 1500 g/cow/day (GL3). All the variables were analyzed under a 4 × 2 split-plot arrangement, where the ruminal fluid adaptation to supplementation with GL and its interaction with the incubated diets (GL× D) were analyzed. Ruminal pH values and in vitro apparent degradability of the dry matter (DMd) and organic matter (OMd) were not affected, with a decrease in the concentrations of NH3-N and acetate by the ruminal fluid adapted to crude glycerol. The concentrations of propionate and butyrate increased, without affecting the total concentration of VFA in the ruminal fluid. The in vitro methane production increased with forage D35 and GL1, GL2, GL3. The in vitro methane production with the D45 forage increased with the ruminal fluid adapted to GL2 and GL3. The ruminal fluid adapted to crude glycerol supplementation increased in vitro methane production when incubating the forage Kikuyu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Valencia Echavarria
- Centro de Investigación el Nus- San Roque, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA, San Roque, Colombia. .,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Luis Alfonso Giraldo Valderrama
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Marín Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
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Almeida MTC, Paschoaloto JR, Perez HL, Carvalho VB, Homem Junior AC, Favaro VR, Blair HT, Ezequiel JMB. Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake, ruminal degradability, volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:988-996. [PMID: 31172562 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of adding crude glycerine with sodium monensin or essential oils to beef cattle diets on the intake, degradability of DM and nutrients, rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro gas production were evaluated. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: CONT, without crude glycerine and additives; EO, with essential oils and without crude glycerine; MON, with sodium monensin and without crude glycerine; EOG, with essential oils and crude glycerine; MONG, with sodium monensin and crude glycerine. Treatments with essential oil and sodium monensin increased the NDF and STC intake and the DM degradability. When crude glycerine was combined with either sodium monensin or essential oil, there was a reduction in DM, NDF and STC intake and an increase in DM and CP degradability of the diets. The adding crude glycerine to essential oil diets reduced the CH4 production. Sodium monensin treatments reduced DM and NDF intake and the production of total gas, CH4 , total VFA and acetic acid concentration. In conclusion, the adding crude glycerine (200 g/kg DM) with either sodium monensin (0.03 g/kg DM) or essential oil (0.5 g/kg DM) can be utilized in diets for Nellore cattle without causing detrimental effects on feed intake and improving the DM degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrique L Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa R Favaro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | - Hugh T Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane M B Ezequiel
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
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Costa S, Melo L, Resende Neto M, Carvalho J, Ladeira M, Zangeronimo M. Aspectos morfológicos do rúmen, omaso e fígado de tourinhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.Q. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
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Gawad R, Fellner V. Evaluation of glycerol encapsulated with alginate and alginate-chitosan polymers in gut environment and its resistance to rumen microbial degradation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:72-81. [PMID: 30056679 PMCID: PMC6325396 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of gut pH and rumen microbial fermentation on glycerol encapsulated in alginate and alginate-chitosan polymers. METHODS Glycerol was encapsulated at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% (w/w) with sodium alginate (A) and alginate-chitosan (AC) polymers. Surface morphology and chemical modifications of the beads were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Encapsulation efficiency was determined at the 5% glycerol inclusion level in two experiments. In experiment 1, 0.5 g of alginate-glycerol (AG) and alginate-chitosan glycerol (ACG) beads were incubated for 2 h at 39°C in pH 2 buffer followed by 24 h in pH 8 buffer to simulate gastric and intestinal conditions, respectively. In experiment 2, 0.5 g of AG and ACG beads were incubated in pH 6 buffer at 39°C for 8 h to simulate rumen conditions. All incubations were replicated four times. Free glycerol content was determined using a spectrophotometer and used to assess loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. An in vitro experiment with mixed cultures of rumen microbes was conducted to determine effect of encapsulation on microbial fermentation. Data were analyzed according to a complete block design using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS For AG and ACG, loading capacity and efficiency were 64.7%, 74.7%, 70.3%, and 78.1%, respectively. Based on the FTIR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, ACG treatment demonstrated more intense and stronger ionic bonds. At pH 6, 36.1% and 29.7% of glycerol was released from AG and ACG, respectively. At pH 2 minimal glycerol was released but pH 8 resulted in 95.7% and 93.9% of glycerol released from AG and ACG, respectively. In vitro microbial data show reduced (p<0.05) fermentation of encapsulated glycerol after 24 h of incubation. CONCLUSION The AC polymer provided greater protection in acidic pH with a gradual release of intact glycerol when exposed to an alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Gawad
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
- Food Technology and Nutrition Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
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Almeida MT, Ezequiel JM, Paschoaloto JR, Perez HL, Carvalho VB, Filho ESC, van Cleef EH. Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Benedeti PDB, Fonseca MA, Shenkoru T, Marcondes MI, de Paula EM, da Silva LG, Faciola AP. Does partial replacement of corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets affect in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production kinetic, and enteric greenhouse gas emissions? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199577. [PMID: 29928065 PMCID: PMC6013176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Five in vitro experiments were conducted with the following objectives: 1) To evaluate the ruminal fermentation of three different single ingredients: corn, glycerin, and starch (Exp. 1 and 2); 2) To assess effects of partially replacing corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets on ruminal fermentation pattern (Exp. 3 and 4); and 3) To evaluate the effects of glycerin inclusion on the extension of ruminal DM digestibility of feeds with high (orchard hay) and low (corn) fiber content (Exp. 5). For Exp. 1 and 2, two in vitro systems (24-bottle AnkomRF and 20-serum bottles) were used in four consecutive fermentation batches to evaluate gas production (GP), fermentation profiles, enteric methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) of corn, glycerin, and starch. The 24 h total GP, acetate concentration, and acetate: propionate ratio decreased only when glycerin was added to the diet (P < 0.01). The 48-h total GP and metabolizable energy were greatest for corn (P < 0.01), and similar between glycerin and starch. The starch treatment had the lowest total volatile fatty acids concentration (P = 0.01). Glycerin had greatest CH4 production, lag time, and maximum gas volume of the first pool (P < 0.05). However, the maximum gas volume of the second pool was greatest for corn (P < 0.05), and similar between glycerin and starch. The starch treatment had the greatest specific rates of digestion for first and second pools (P < 0.05). Production of CO2 (mL/g) was greater for corn (P < 0.01), but similar for glycerin and starch. For Exp. 3 and 4, the same systems were used to evaluate four different levels of glycerin [0, 100, 200, and 300 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] replacing corn in beef cattle finishing diets. Glycerin levels did not affect 24 and 48 h total GP, CH4, and CO2 (P > 0.05). The inclusion of glycerin linearly decreased acetate concentration (P = 0.03) and acetate: propionate ratio (P = 0.04). For Exp. 5, two DaisyII incubators were used to evaluate the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the following treatments: orchard hay; corn; orchard hay + glycerin; and corn + glycerin. Glycerin inclusion decreased orchard hay IVDMD (P < 0.01) but did not affect corn IVDMD (P > 0.05). We concluded that, under these experimental conditions, glycerin has similar energy efficiency when used in replacement of corn and included at up to 300 g/kg in beef cattle diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mozart Alves Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Teshome Shenkoru
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Eduardo Marostegan de Paula
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Lorrayny Galoro da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pinheiro Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Almeida MTC, Ezequiel JMB, Paschoaloto JR, Perez HL, Barbosa de Carvalho V, Filho ESC, Branco van Cleef EHC. Effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for feedlot lambs: feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and non-carcass traits. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin were investigated in diets for feedlot lambs. Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) uncastrated male lambs (21.7 ± 2.7 kg bodyweight) were assigned to a complete randomised block and subjected to four experimental diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 300 g crude glycerin/kg DM. Animals were weighed at 14-day intervals and were harvested when they reached ~35 kg bodyweight. The feed intake, feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and edible non-carcass components were evaluated. The inclusion of more than 100 g/kg crude glycerin in the diets increased days on feed and decreased DM intake and average daily gain. Crude glycerin increased number of chews and the time spent chewing per feed bolus. There were no effects of crude glycerin on pH and colour of Longissimus muscle at 45 min or 24 h after slaughter, as well as on other carcass and edible non-carcass characteristics. The addition of crude glycerin reduced perirenal fat without detrimental effect on others fat deposition sites. In conclusion, the addition of up to 100 g/kg DM in diets for crossbred finishing lambs seems to be the most interesting strategy, as it promotes greatest animal performance. However, the inclusion of up to 300 g/kg DM of the by-product could be possible depending on glycerin market price and the structure of feedlot operation, with favourable economic results despite high inclusions reflect in greater number of days on feed.
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Barros VGD, Duda RM, Vantini JDS, Omori WP, Ferro MIT, Oliveira RAD. Improved methane production from sugarcane vinasse with filter cake in thermophilic UASB reactors, with predominance of Methanothermobacter and Methanosarcina archaea and Thermotogae bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:371-381. [PMID: 28783564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production from sugarcane vinasse has enormous economic, energy, and environmental management potential. However, methane production stability and biodigested vinasse quality remain key issues, requiring better nutrient and alkalinity availability, operational strategies, and knowledge of reactor microbiota. This study demonstrates increased methane production from vinasse through the use of sugarcane filter cake and improved effluent recirculation, with elevated organic loading rates (OLR) and good reactor stability. We used UASB reactors in a two-stage configuration, with OLRs up to 45gCODL-1d-1, and obtained methane production as high as 3LL-1d-1. Quantitative PCR indicated balanced amounts of bacteria and archaea in the sludge (109-1010copiesg-1VS), and of the predominant archaea orders, Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales (106-108copiesg-1VS). 16S rDNA sequencing also indicated the thermophilic Thermotogae as the most abundant class of bacteria in the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valciney Gomes de Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Rural Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose Maria Duda
- Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Rural Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Technology "Nilo de Stéfani", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Vantini
- Post-Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington Pine Omori
- Post-Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro
- Post-Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Alves de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Rural Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Ladeira MM, Carvalho JRR, Chizzotti ML, Teixeira PD, Dias JCO, Gionbelli TR, Rodrigues AC, Oliveira DM. Effect of increasing levels of glycerin on growth rate, carcass traits and liver gluconeogenesis in young bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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