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Åkerström F, Bergsten C, Nyman AK. Association between hoof trimming frequency in primiparous cows and hoof health and survival in second lactation. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00839-7. [PMID: 38825125 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lameness, mostly resulting from claw lesions, causes major welfare problems in the dairy industry. One way to prevent claw lesions is hoof trimming, but the overall effect and the optimal hoof trimming frequency are unknown. In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated the association between hoof trimming frequency in primiparous cows and hoof health and culling in second lactation. We based our analysis on breed, calving and culling data in the period 2015-2018 for 30,613 primiparous cows in 202 Swedish dairy herds. Of the cows enrolled, 20% were not hoof-trimmed, 30% were trimmed once, 34% were trimmed twice, 13% were trimmed 3 times, and 2% were trimmed ≥ 4 times. We used multivariable mixed-effect logistic and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the association between trimming frequency and 2 outcomes: hoof lesions at first trimming occasion within 90 d from second calving and culling in second lactation within 300 d after second calving. In general, cows trimmed 2 or 3 times during first lactation were at lower odds of having claw lesions compared with cows that were not trimmed (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.62-0.71 and 0.60, 95% CI = 0.55-0.66, respectively) or cows trimmed once (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.75-0.85 and OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.66-0.79, respectively), and this beneficial effect was observed for most types of claw lesions. Moreover, cows trimmed 2, 3, or ≥ 4 times were at lower odds of being culled compared with cows that were not trimmed (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.65-0.77, 0.68, 95% CI = 0.61-0.76 and 0.70, 95% CI = 0.54-0.90, respectively) or trimmed once (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71-0.83, OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66-0.82 and OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59-0.97, respectively). In particular, 2 trimmings, compared with 1 or no trimming, lowered the relative risk-ratio of dying or being euthanized on-farm, or being culled due to claw and leg disorders. More than 1 hoof trimming in first lactation also reduced the relative-risk ratio of being culled for other reasons. In conclusion, 2 or 3 hoof trimmings during first lactation were generally beneficial for hoof health in early second lactation and survival in second lactation. These findings can help improve animal welfare and production by reducing claw lesions, and thereby lameness among dairy cows, which would increase the longevity of dairy cows and the sustainability of the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Åkerström
- Department of Biosystem and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden; Department of Research and Development, Växa, Box 30204, SE-104 25, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Bergsten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-K Nyman
- Department of Research and Development, Växa, Box 30204, SE-104 25, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sousa LPB, Pinto LFB, Cruz VAR, Oliveira GA, Rojas de Oliveira H, Chud TS, Pedrosa VB, Miglior F, Schenkel FS, Brito LF. Genome-wide association and functional genomic analyses for various hoof health traits in North American Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2207-2230. [PMID: 37939841 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hoof diseases are a major welfare and economic issue in the global dairy cattle production industry, which can be minimized through improved management and breeding practices. Optimal genetic improvement of hoof health could benefit from a deep understanding of the genetic background and biological underpinning of indicators of hoof health. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to perform genome-wide association studies, using imputed high-density genetic markers data from North American Holstein cattle, for 8 hoof-related traits: digital dermatitis, sole ulcer, sole hemorrhage, white line lesion, heel horn erosion, interdigital dermatitis, interdigital hyperplasia, and toe ulcer, and a hoof health index. De-regressed estimated breeding values from 25,580 Holstein animals were used as pseudo-phenotypes for the association analyses. The genomic quality control, genotype phasing, and genotype imputation were performed using the PLINK (version 1.9), Eagle (version 2.4.1), and Minimac4 software, respectively. The functional genomic analyses were performed using the GALLO R package and the DAVID platform. We identified 22, 34, 14, 22, 28, 33, 24, 43, and 15 significant markers for digital dermatitis, heel horn erosion, interdigital dermatitis, interdigital hyperplasia, sole hemorrhage, sole ulcer, toe ulcer, white line lesion disease, and the hoof health index, respectively. The significant markers were located across all autosomes, except BTA10, BTA12, BTA20, BTA26, BTA27, and BTA28. Moreover, the genomic regions identified overlap with various previously reported quantitative trait loci for exterior, health, meat and carcass, milk, production, and reproduction traits. The enrichment analyses identified 44 significant gene ontology terms. These enriched genomic regions harbor various candidate genes previously associated with bone development, metabolism, and infectious and immunological diseases. These findings indicate that hoof health traits are highly polygenic and influenced by a wide range of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Paulo B Sousa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando B Pinto
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Valdecy A R Cruz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Gerson A Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Tatiane S Chud
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; PEAK, Madison, WI 53718
| | - Victor B Pedrosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Lactanet Canada, Guelph, ON, N1K 1E5, Canada
| | - Flávio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
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Jeppsson KH, Magnusson M, Nilsson SB, Ekman L, Winblad von Walter L, Jansson LE, Landin H, Rosander A, Bergsten C. Comparisons of recycled manure solids and wood shavings/sawdust as bedding material -implications for animal welfare, herd health, milk quality and bedding costs in Swedish dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00630-1. [PMID: 38554829 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Increasing shortages and costs of common bedding materials have led dairy farmers in Sweden to consider using recycled manure solids (RMS), which are readily available and low-cost, as an alternative bedding material. The main risks are effects on udder health and milk quality, but RMS could also affect animal welfare and claw health. The advantages and disadvantages of using RMS bedding have not been fully investigated, and findings in other countries cannot be directly applied to Swedish conditions and climate. This observational cross-sectional study investigated the use of RMS as bedding regarding associations with certain aspects of animal welfare, herd health, milk quality, and bedding costs in Swedish dairy herds. Thirty-four dairy farms using RMS or wood shavings/sawdust (each n = 17) were compared. Each farm was visited 2 times during the housing period 2020-2021, once in October-December and once in March-May. Dairy barns were observed, animal welfare was assessed, and free-stall dimensions were measured. Farm owners were interviewed about housing system characteristics, herd performance, and herd management. Data on milk production and herd health were obtained from the Swedish official milk recording scheme for the indoor period October-March. The prevalence of claw disorders and abnormal claw conformation were collected from the national claw health database for the period, October-May. On each farm visit, composite samples of unused bedding outside the barn and used bedding material from the free stalls, respectively, were taken for total bacterial count and dry matter analysis. Samples of bulk tank milk for determination of total bacterial count were taken in connection to the visits. In addition, samples of unused and used bedding material and manure from alleys for analysis of 3 Treponema species associated with digital dermatitis (DD) were gathered and analyzed. Total bacterial count was significantly higher in unused (8.50 log10 cfu/g) and used RMS bedding (9.75 log10 cfu/g) than in wood shavings/sawdust (used 4.74; unused 8.63 log10 cfu/g), but there were no significant differences in bulk milk total bacterial count (median 4.07 versus 3.89 log10 cfu/mL) or somatic cell count (median 243,800 versus 229,200 cells /mL). The aspects of animal welfare that were assessed did not differ significantly between the 2 bedding systems, while the prevalence of total claw disorders (25.9 versus 38.0% of trimmed cows), dermatitis (6.9 versus 16.2% of trimmed cows) and sole ulcers (2.0 versus 4.0% of trimmed cows) were significantly lower in the RMS herds. Treponema spp. were not detected in unused RMS material, but all RMS herds had presence of DD recorded at foot trimming. An economic assessment based on the interview results and price level from winter 2021 revealed that the costs of RMS bedding varied with amount of RMS produced. Thus, RMS is a potential alternative bedding material for dairy cows in Sweden and can be a profitable option for large dairy herds. However, the high level of total bacteria in the material requires attention to bedding and milking routines as well as regular monitoring of herd health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Jeppsson
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
| | - M Magnusson
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | | | - L Ekman
- Växa Sverige, R&D Animal Health, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - A Rosander
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - C Bergsten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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Seixas M, Moura D, Grispoldi L, Cenci-Goga B, Saraiva S, Silva F, Pires I, Saraiva C, García-Díez J. Evaluation of Claw Lesions in Beef Cattle Slaughtered in Northern Portugal: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 38338156 PMCID: PMC10854553 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Claw diseases have a profound impact on cattle welfare, affecting behaviors such as grazing, rumination, rest, decubitus, and water consumption. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of claw lesions and classify them according to the ICAR Claw Health Atlas (International Committee of Animal Recording) in two slaughterhouses. The influence of claw lesions on carcass weight, classification, and fat deposition was also examined. Involving 343 crossbreed cattle from 103 different extensive or semi-intensive farms, this study found an animal prevalence of claw disorders at 65.8%, with a higher incidence in females (n = 207, 60.35%) compared to males (n = 136, 39.65%). Despite the observed prevalence, claw lesions were not influenced by age or sex (p > 0.05). The main claw lesions identified, including heel horn erosion, double sole, and asymmetric claw, were consistent with the cattle management practices in the study area. These cattle were raised in small, rustic premises with uneven floors, utilizing a mix of manure and plant material as bedding and lacking access to pasture. Also, no negative economic impact was detected concerning carcass weight, classification, or fat deposition. Consequently, it was concluded that the presence of claw lesions in beef cattle raised under the characteristic management of this geographical area does not adversely affect animal health or farm economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Dina Moura
- Divisão de Intervenção de Alimentação e Veterinária de Vila Real e Douro Sul, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária da Região Norte, Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Lugar de Codessais, 5000-421 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Dipartamento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universitá degli studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.-G.)
| | - Beniamino Cenci-Goga
- Dipartamento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universitá degli studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.-G.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Sadiq MB, Ramanoon SZ, Mansor R, Syed-Hussain SS, Mossadeq WMS. Dairy farmers' knowledge, awareness and practices regarding bovine lameness in Malaysian dairy farms. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:45. [PMID: 38231431 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the data paucity on dairy farmers' perspectives regarding bovine lameness and hoof diseases, particularly in South East Asian countries, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices toward lameness and hoof health among dairy cattle farmers in Malaysia. An online-based and face-to-face survey was conducted among 114 dairy farmers from four states in Peninsular Malaysia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and an independent sample t-test. Overall, farmers demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and attitude regarding lameness and its impact on dairy cattle welfare and production. Lameness was ranked the second most important health issue in dairy farms after mastitis. Notably, 90% reported the presence of at least one lame cow on their farms, and 55% stated lameness as the reason for culling their cows. While sole ulcer was the hoof lesion mostly identified by farmers, 75% of them underestimated lameness prevalence on their farms and rarely implemented management strategies such as preventive hoof trimming and footbath. Farmers' educational qualification influenced their understanding of the impact of lameness on dairy cattle production. Despite reflecting satisfactory knowledge and attitude towards lameness in dairy cows, farmers in this study need to improve their current management practices to address lameness problem in their herds. Educating farmers on the importance of early detection and prompt treatment, and preventive measures are crucial for lameness control and improving hoof health in these dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sadiq
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S Z Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - R Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S S Syed-Hussain
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W M Shaik Mossadeq
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fürmann A, Syring C, Becker J, Sarbach A, Weber J, Welham Ruiters M, Steiner A. Prevalence of Painful Lesions of the Digits and Risk Factors Associated with Digital Dermatitis, Ulcers and White Line Disease on Swiss Cattle Farms. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:153. [PMID: 38200884 PMCID: PMC10778466 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of painful lesions of the digits ("alarm" lesions; ALs) in Swiss dairy herds and cow-calf operations over a three-year study period. The following ALs were included in the calculation: the M2 stage of digital dermatitis (DD M2), ulcers (U), white line fissures (WLF) of moderate and high severity, white line abscesses (WLA), interdigital phlegmon (IP) and swelling of the coronet and/or bulb (SW). Between February 2020 and February 2023, digit disorders were electronically recorded during routine trimmings by 40 specially trained hoof trimmers on Swiss cattle farms participating in the national claw health programme. The data set used consisted of over 35,000 observations from almost 25,000 cows from 702 herds. While at the herd-level, the predominant AL documented in 2022 was U with 50.3% followed by WLF with 38.1%, at the cow-level, in 2022, it was DD M2 with 5.4% followed by U with 3.7%. During the study period, within-herd prevalences of ALs ranged from 0.0% to a maximum of 66.1% in 2020. The second aim of this study was to determine herd- and cow-level risk factors associated with digital dermatitis (DD), U and white line disease (WL) in dairy cows using data from 2022. While for DD, analysed herd-level factors appeared to have a greater effect on the probability of its occurrence, the presence of U and WL was mainly associated with the analysed cow-level factors. The risk for DD increased with a higher herd trimming frequency. Herds kept in tie stalls had a lower risk for DD and WL and a higher risk for U compared to herds kept in loose housing systems. Herds with predominantly Holstein Friesian cows as well as Holstein Friesian cows had a higher risk for the occurrence of DD compared to herds and cows of other breeds. With increasing parity, cows had a higher risk of developing U and WL, whereas for DD, parity was negatively associated with prevalence. Cows trimmed during the grazing period had a higher risk of U and WL than cows trimmed during the housing period. These findings may contribute to improve management measures affecting the health of the digits in farms with structures similar to those evaluated in the current study, such as small herds with frequent access to pasture. Further research is warranted to demonstrate how measures addressing the current results combined with those of individual herd risk assessments might contribute to an improvement in the health of the digits in the respective dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fürmann
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (M.W.R.); (A.S.)
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Lan X, Qi D, Ren H, Liu T, Shao H, Zhang J. Chicoric acid ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in bovine lamellar keratinocytes by modulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21963. [PMID: 38082032 PMCID: PMC10713547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to lamellar keratinocytes, an essential cellular component of the epidermal layer of hoof tissue, can have a detrimental effect on hoof health and the overall production value of dairy cows. We isolated and cultured cow lamellar keratinocytes using the Dispase II and collagenase methods. We purified them by differential digestion and differential velocity adherent methods at each passaging and identified them by keratin 14 immunofluorescence. We established an in vitro model of inflammation in laminar keratinocytes using LPS and investigated whether chicoric acid protects against inflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that cow lamellar keratinocytes were successfully isolated and cultured by Dispase II combined with the collagenase method. In the in vitro inflammation model established by LPS, the Chicoric acid decreased the concentration of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), down-regulated the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.01), down-regulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-ERK, p-p38, IKKβ, p-p65, p-p50 (P < 0.05), and increased the IκBα protein expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Chicoric acid successfully protected cow lamellar keratinocytes from LPS-induced inflammatory responses by modulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulating inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Af Sandeberg A, Båge R, Nyman AK, Agenäs S, Hansson H. Review: Linking animal health measures in dairy cows to farm-level economic outcomes: a systematic literature mapping. Animal 2023; 17:100971. [PMID: 37734363 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm animal health is an area of increasing interest to both the public and industry stakeholders. There is an ongoing debate on whether improving animal health, and thereby increasing welfare, is profitable or not. Improving animal health often requires investments in the farm or increases labour costs. As a result, the impact of animal health on farm economy is particularly interesting. This study systematically maps and assesses the available evidence in the published scientific literature regarding the link between farms' economic outcomes on dairy cow health, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps in this field of research. In total, 59 peer-reviewed articles were included using a broad range of animal health variables and economic outcomes. We found a heterogeneous body of evidence in terms of both methods, animal health measures (AHMs) and economic outcome measures used. None of the included studies makes explicit causal claims between AHMs and economic outcomes. The results suggest that common production diseases such as clinical mastitis and lameness, which are painful and affect cow health and welfare, are costly for farmers. We found a knowledge gap and lack of evidence on the impact of animal health interventions on farms' economic outcomes, as well as the long-term effects of such interventions. Future research should aim to investigate the causal links between animal health and economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Af Sandeberg
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7013, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - R Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-K Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Växa, SE-10425 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Agenäs
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Hansson
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7013, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hayat MA, Ding J, Zhang X, Liu T, Zhang J, Bokhari SG, Akbar H, Wang H. Enhanced Autophagy in Damaged Laminar Tissue of Acute Laminitis Induced by Oligofructose Overloading in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2478. [PMID: 37570287 PMCID: PMC10416948 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the autophagy activity in the laminar tissue of dairy cows with oligofructose-induced laminitis. Twelve healthy non-pregnant Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups of six cows each, entitled the control group and the oligofructose overload group (OF group), respectively. At 0 h, cows in the OF group were gavaged with oligofructose (17 g/kg BW) dissolved in warm deionized water (20 mL/kg BW) through an oral rumen tube, and the dairy cows in the control group were gavaged with the same volume of deionized water by the same method. At -72 h before, as well as 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, and 72 h after perfusion, clinical evaluations of both groups were monitored. After 72 h, the laminar tissues of the dairy cows in both groups were collected to examine the genes and proteins. The gene expression of ATG5, ATG12, and Beclin1 significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas that of P62 and mTOR significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the OF group relative to the control group. The protein expression of Beclin-1 significantly increased (p < 0.05), while that of LC3II significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the OF group relative to the control group. However, the protein expression of P62 non-significantly reduced (p > 0.05) in the OF group comparative to the control group. Furthermore, the distribution of the Beclin1 protein in the laminar tissue significantly increased (p < 0.01), while that of the P62 protein significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the OF group than the control group. These findings indicate that the imbalanced gene and protein-level status of autophagy-related markers may be the basic cause for the failure of the epidermal attachment. However, a more detailed gene and protein-level study is needed to further clarify the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of bovine laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Hayat
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.A.H.); (X.Z.); (T.L.); (J.Z.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.A.H.); (X.Z.); (T.L.); (J.Z.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.A.H.); (X.Z.); (T.L.); (J.Z.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.A.H.); (X.Z.); (T.L.); (J.Z.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shehla Gul Bokhari
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.G.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamid Akbar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.G.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.A.H.); (X.Z.); (T.L.); (J.Z.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China
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Jaques N, Turner SA, Vallée E, Heuer C, Lopez-Villalobos N. The Effect of Lameness on Milk Production of Dairy Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1728. [PMID: 37889634 PMCID: PMC10251923 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lameness on dairy goat farms is a welfare concern and could negatively affect milk production. This study's objective was to evaluate the effects of clinical lameness on the daily milk production of dairy goats. Between July 2019 and June 2020, 11,847 test-day records were collected from 3145 goats on three farms in New Zealand. Locomotion scoring of goats used a five-point scoring system (0 to 4). The dataset was split into two groups by lactation type, where goats were classified as being in seasonal lactation (≤305 days in milk) or extended lactation (>305 days in milk). A linear mixed model was used to analyze datasets using milk characteristics as the dependent variables. Severely lame goats (score 4) in seasonal and extended lactation produced 7.05% and 8.67% less milk than goats not lame, respectively. When the prevalence of severe lameness is between 5 and 20% of the herd, the estimated average daily milk income lost was between NZD 19.5 and 104 per day. This study established the negative impact of lameness on milk production and annual income in dairy goats on three farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jaques
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Sally-Anne Turner
- Dairy Goat Co-Operative (NZ) Ltd., 18 Gallagher Drive, Melville, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand;
| | - Emilie Vallée
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (E.V.); (C.H.)
| | - Cord Heuer
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (E.V.); (C.H.)
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11
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, De Boyer des Roches A, Jensen MB, Mee J, Green M, Thulke H, Bailly‐Caumette E, Candiani D, Lima E, Van der Stede Y, Winckler C. Welfare of dairy cows. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07993. [PMID: 37200854 PMCID: PMC10186071 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission's mandate on the welfare of dairy cows as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. It includes three assessments carried out based on literature reviews and complemented by expert opinion. Assessment 1 describes the most prevalent housing systems for dairy cows in Europe: tie-stalls, cubicle housing, open-bedded systems and systems with access to an outdoor area. Per each system, the scientific opinion describes the distribution in the EU and assesses the main strengths, weaknesses and hazards potentially reducing the welfare of dairy cows. Assessment 2 addresses five welfare consequences as requested in the mandate: locomotory disorders (including lameness), mastitis, restriction of movement and resting problems, inability to perform comfort behaviour and metabolic disorders. Per each welfare consequence, a set of animal-based measures is suggested, a detailed analysis of the prevalence in different housing systems is provided, and subsequently, a comparison of the housing systems is given. Common and specific system-related hazards as well as management-related hazards and respective preventive measures are investigated. Assessment 3 includes an analysis of farm characteristics (e.g. milk yield, herd size) that could be used to classify the level of on-farm welfare. From the available scientific literature, it was not possible to derive relevant associations between available farm data and cow welfare. Therefore, an approach based on expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) was developed. The EKE resulted in the identification of five farm characteristics (more than one cow per cubicle at maximum stocking density, limited space for cows, inappropriate cubicle size, high on-farm mortality and farms with less than 2 months access to pasture). If one or more of these farm characteristics are present, it is recommended to conduct an assessment of cow welfare on the farm in question using animal-based measures for specified welfare consequences.
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Frondelius L, Van Weyenberg S, Lindeberg H, Van Nuffel A, Maselyne J, Pastell M. Spatial behaviour of dairy cows is affected by lameness. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Gündel S, Looft C, Foldager L, Thomsen PT. Effect of lameness on feeding behavior of zero grazed Jersey dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:980238. [PMID: 36204289 PMCID: PMC9530783 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.980238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry faces major challenges with high levels of lameness, in parallel to an increased consumer focus on animal welfare. This encourages farmers to consider more robust breeds, such as Jersey cows. As little is known about the behavior of this breed under loose housing conditions, the present study sought to describe the feeding behavior of lame and non-lame Jersey cows in different parities. Such breed-specific information of behavioral changes is needed for breed-specific herd management decisions and may contribute to identifying animals that are susceptible to developing lameness in the future, thus reducing impacts on the welfare and production of cows. Feeding data from 116 Danish Jersey cows were collected using automatic feeders, and lameness status was assessed by technicians every second week. The cows were kept in a loose housing system, with cubicles, a slatted concrete floor, and automatic milking robots. Eating time per visit and per day, the number of visits per day, and intervals between meals were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects models. The effect of lameness was not significant for any variable. Primiparous Jersey cows had significantly longer eating times per day, shorter meal intervals, and a lower number of visits per day than older Jersey cows. Week in lactation affected the eating time per visit and per day, the number of visits, and between-meal intervals. In conclusion, we found no differences between lame and non-lame Jersey cows but between parities, which disagree with previous research on other breeds, suggesting that Jersey cows not just differ in size and looks but also in their behavioral reaction when lame. Although data from only one herd of a research center were used, this study has demonstrated the need for further research about breed-specific differences and their implications for the health and welfare of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gündel
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Hochschule Neubrandenburg—University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandra Gündel
| | - Christian Looft
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Hochschule Neubrandenburg—University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter T. Thomsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fabbri G, Magrin L, Gottardo F, Armato L, Contiero B, Gianesella M, Fiore E. Development of an equation to screen for solar hemorrhages from digital cushion ultrasound texture analysis in veal calves at slaughter. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899253. [PMID: 35967996 PMCID: PMC9372481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Claw disorders are a relevant welfare issue in the cattle industry, fast and accurate diagnoses are essential for successful treatment and prevention. The present study aimed to develop an equation to assess the presence of solar hemorrhages from real-time ultrasound images texture analysis at slaughter. Eighty-eight hind feet were collected at the slaughterhouse from 44 Holstein male veal calves. The claws were trimmed by a veterinarian hoof-trimmer, approximately 30 min after the calves' slaughter, and classified into healthy and affected by solar hemorrhages. At the same time, ultrasound images were collected for each claw. Sole soft tissues' thickness was measured, and texture analysis was performed using MaZda software. The resulting parameters from sole soft tissues' measurements and texture analysis were screened with a stepwise linear discriminant analysis using the absence or presence (0/1) of solar hemorrhages as the dependent variable. Results from the stepwise analysis identified 9 variables (among 279) as predictors, and an equation was developed and used to predict the presence or absence of solar hemorrhages on the scanned claws by binary measure: values ≤0.5 counted as 0, while those >0.5 as 1. Validation of the equation was performed by testing predicted lesions (LESpred) against the clinically evaluated lesions (LESeval) with a confusion matrix, a ROC analysis, and a precision-recall curve. Results of the present study suggest that the equation proposed has a good potential for detecting effectively hemorrhages of the sole by ultrasound imaging texture means, and could be used to monitor unsatisfactory housing and management conditions at the farm level, and for early management intervention and prevention.
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15
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Lameness changes the behavior of dairy cows: daily rank order of lying and feeding behavior decreases with increasing number of lameness indicators present in cow locomotion. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Patelli T, Godoy Neto O, Pereira A, Porto E, Rosa V, Cunha Filho L, Barreto J, Souza F. Physical and chemical aspects of the footbath from dairy farms with different production systems in Arapoti, Paraná. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate copper sulfate solutions at 5% and 10% concentrations in footbaths from three dairy farms (A, B and C) with free stall and compost barn production systems, located in the municipality of Arapoti, Parana, Brazil. Farms A, B and C were composed of 537, 88 and 208 lactating cows, respectively, all conditioned to the use of a footbath. Every seven days, before and after the passage of each batch of cows through the footbath, samples of the solution were collected for the evaluation of pH, temperature, and the volume of the solution measured. Farms A and C had higher pH alkalinization due to the greater number of batch passages, from the third batch onwards, and also a reduction in the volume of the solution. It is concluded that the volume varied both with the number of animals that passed through the footbath and with the deposition of organic matter in the solution. The concentration of 10% copper sulfate solution was not able to inhibit pH changes. Furthermore, there was no standardization in the dimensions of the footbaths on the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E.P. Porto
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brazil
| | - V.B.B. Rosa
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - F.A.A. Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brazil
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17
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Magrin L, Cozzi G, Lora I, Prevedello P, Gottardo F. Brief Research Report: How Do Claw Disorders Affect Activity, Body Weight, and Milk Yield of Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows? Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:824371. [PMID: 35280145 PMCID: PMC8913588 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.824371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Claw disorders are among the most relevant health problems in dairy herds. Despite being often not clearly visible and not easily detectable for farmers, they may appear as peculiar cow behavioral and performance patterns. This retrospective study aimed to assess cow's behavior and production variations associated with claw disorders. The study involved 54 lactating Italian Holstein cows reared on the same dairy farm. A veterinarian performed the routine hoof trimming every 6 months, diagnosing specific claw disorders. Multiparous cows with no disorders at the first trimming were selected and monitored for the two following trimming sessions. Data coming from the automatic milking system and neck collars and related to the 15 days before a given cow was diagnosed with claw problems during trimming were further collected. These data were compared with those recorded for the same animal over the 15 days preceding the previous trimming in which no claw disorders were observed. Compared to when they had no disorders, the cows affected by claw disorders had a lower daily activity (405 vs. 429 ± 27.7 units/day, p < 0.001), showing a constant decrease in the last 10 days before the trimming, a lower milk yield (26.5 vs. 28.4 ± 1.57 kg/day, p = 0.03), and only a decreasing trend of rumination time. These patterns of activity, milk yield, and rumination characterizing cows affected by claw disorders should promote the development of specific algorithms that would enable early detection of lameness thanks to the deviations of these parameters that are sensitive to cow claw health.
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Edwardes F, van der Voort M, Halasa T, Holzhauer M, Hogeveen H. Simulating the mechanics behind sub-optimal mobility and the associated economic losses in dairy production. Prev Vet Med 2021; 199:105551. [PMID: 34999442 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hoof disorders and sub-optimal mobility (SOM) are economically important health issues in dairy farming. Although the dynamics of hoof disorders have an important effect on cow mobility, they have not been considered in previous simulation models that estimate the economic loss of SOM. Furthermore, these models do not consider the varying severities of SOM. The objective of this study was to develop a novel bio-economic simulation model to simulate the dynamics of 8 hoof disorders: digital dermatitis (DD), interdigital hyperplasia (HYP), interdigital dermatitis/heel-horn erosion (IDHE), interdigital phlegmon (IP), overgrown hoof (OH), sole haemorrhage (SH), sole ulcer (SU) and white-line disease (WLD), their role in SOM, and estimate the economic loss of SOM in a herd of 125 dairy cows. A Reed-Frost model was used for DD and a Greenwood model for the other 7 hoof disorders. Economic analysis was conducted per mobility score according to a 5-point mobility scoring method (1 = perfect mobility; 5 = severely impaired mobility) by comparing a scenario with SOM and one without SOM. Parameters used in the model were based on literature and expert opinion and deemed credible during model validation rounds. Results showed that the mean cumulative incidence for maximum mobility scores 2-5 SOM episodes were respectively 34, 16, 7 and <1 episodes per 100 cows per pasture period and 39, 19, 8, <1 episodes per 100 cows per housing period. The mean total annual economic loss due to SOM resulting from the hoof disorders under study was €15,342: €122 per cow per year. The economic analysis uncovered direct economic losses that could be directly linked to SOM episodes and indirect economic losses that could not be directly linked to SOM episodes but arose due to the presence of SOM. The mean total annual direct economic loss for maximum mobility score 2-5 SOM episodes was €1129, €3098, €4354 and €480, respectively. The mean total annual indirect economic loss varied considerably between the 5th and 95th percentiles: €-6174 and €19,499, and had a mean of €6281. This loss was composed of additional indirect culling due to SOM (∼65%) and changes in the overall herd milk production (∼35%) because of additional younger replacement heifers entering the herd due to increased culling rates. The bio-economic model presented novel results with respect to indirect economic losses arising due to SOM. The results can be used to stimulate farmer awareness and promote better SOM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Edwardes
- Business Economics Group, Wageningnen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska van der Voort
- Business Economics Group, Wageningnen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tariq Halasa
- Section of Animal Welfare and Disease Control, Institute of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Menno Holzhauer
- GD Animal Health, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningnen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Losada-Espinosa N, Estévez-Moreno LX, Bautista-Fernández M, Losada H, María GA, Miranda-de la Lama GG. Integrative surveillance of cattle welfare at the abattoir level: Risk factors associated with liver condemnation, severe hoof disorders, carcase bruising and high muscle pH. Anim Welf 2021. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.30.4.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, any monitoring system for slaughter animals should comprise an integrative vision that facilitates animal welfare and food safety assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors as possible causes for liver condemnations,
hoof disorders, bruise prevalence, and the quality of beef carcases under commercial operating conditions in Mexico. Data were recorded for 143 journeys encompassing 1,040 commercial cattle, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy production systems. Details on journey distance, vehicle
type, cattle type, and animals' origin were gathered from abattoir reports. We found that carcase bruising (41%) and hoof disorders (43.9%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the production system. Variables such as cattle type and production system influenced liver condemnations; old
bulls extensively raised were more prone to present parasitosis such as Fasciola hepatica. Transportation conditions (journey distance, vehicle type) and cattle type might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in the evaluated animals. Multivariable logistic regression showed
that animals' origin was a potential risk factor for severe bruising and high muscle pH, with cull dairy cows getting the most serious damage. In general, cattle transport conditions were factors that showed interactions with three of the evaluated indicators (severe hoof injuries, carcase
bruising, meat pH24h). Our study shows the need to implement integrative surveillance to identify risk factors according to the production system from which the animals originate. With this information it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate specific cattle welfare problems.
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Losada-Espinosa N, Estévez-Moreno LX, Bautista-Fernández M, Galindo F, Salem AZM, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Cattle welfare assessment at the slaughterhouse level: Integrated risk profiles based on the animal's origin, pre-slaughter logistics, and iceberg indicators. Prev Vet Med 2021; 197:105513. [PMID: 34695650 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection of on farm and transport animal welfare problems at slaughterhouse level is a key issue for the meat industry; however, usually, the assessments do not include basic aspects of animal health. For that reason, it is necessary to develop an assessment method that has an integrative scope and identifies the risk profiles in animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect cattle welfare indicators that can be implemented at the slaughterhouse level and to develop integrated risk profiles based on the animal's origin, pre-slaughter logistics, and animal-based indicators. We recorded the origin, commercial category, transportation details, and horn size of 1040 cattle upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Cattle welfare was measured based on individual scores for vocalizations, stunning shots, carcass bruises, meat pH, severe hoof injuries, and organ condemnations. To characterize operational and logistic practices from the farm to the slaughterhouse, a two-step cluster analysis was applied to the aforementioned variables (production system, cattle type, horn size, journey distance, vehicle type), which identified four clusters: small feedlot and free-range profile (C1, n = 216, 20.8 %), feedlot profile (C2, n = 193, 18.6 %), culled dairy cows profile (C3, n = 262, 25.2 %), and free-range profile (C4, n = 369, 35.5 %). The animal's diet and environmental conditions might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in C1 animals (P = 0.023), the proportion of animals that were re-shot was highest in C2 animals (P = 0.033), and C3 and C4 animals were most likely to suffer injuries such as severe bruising (P = 0.001). In addition, the number of stunning shots, meat pH, carcass bruises, severe hoof injuries, and liver condemnations, explained a significant variation in the incidence of various health and welfare consequences based on an animal's origin, which confirmed their importance as 'welfare iceberg' indicators. The study provided detailed data that can be included into assessment methods for the welfare of slaughter cattle, which can be tailored to specific production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Losada-Espinosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L X Estévez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Bautista-Fernández
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Galindo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Z M Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico
| | - G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Mota-Rojas D, Wang D, Titto CG, Gómez-Prado J, Carvajal-de la Fuente V, Ghezzi M, Boscato-Funes L, Barrios-García H, Torres-Bernal F, Casas-Alvarado A, Martínez-Burnes J. Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2316. [PMID: 34438772 PMCID: PMC8388492 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, FZEA-USP, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Marcelo Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina;
| | - Luciano Boscato-Funes
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Hugo Barrios-García
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Fabiola Torres-Bernal
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
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22
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Tian M, Li K, Liu R, Du J, Zou D, Ma Y. Angelica polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation response of primary dairy cow claw dermal cells via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:248. [PMID: 34281532 PMCID: PMC8287747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminitis, an inflammation of the claw laminae, is one of the major causes of bovine lameness, which can lead to enormous economic losses and animal welfare problems in dairy farms. Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is proved to possess anti-inflammatory properties. But the role of AP on inflammatory response of the claw dermal cells has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary claw dermal cells of dairy cow and clarify the potential mechanisms. In the current research, the primary claw dermal cells were exposed to gradient concentrations of AP (10, 50, 100 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL LPS. The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) were detected with ELISA and Griess colorimetric method. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and chemokines were measured with qPCR. The activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was detected with western blotting. Results The results indicated that AP reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO), downregulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and some pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10), and suppressed the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways evidenced by inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65 and ERK, JNK, p38. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AP may exert its anti-inflammatory effects on claw dermal cells of dairy cow by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.
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23
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Neirurerová P, Strapák P, Strapáková E, Juhás P. Impact of Claw Disorders in Dairy Cattle on Health, Production and Economics and Practicable Preventive Methods. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Bautista-Fernández M, Estévez-Moreno LX, Losada-Espinosa N, Villarroel M, María GA, De Blas I, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Claw disorders as iceberg indicators of cattle welfare: Evidence-based on production system, severity, and associations with final muscle pH. Meat Sci 2021; 177:108496. [PMID: 33751984 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to use claw disorders in cattle as a retrospective welfare indicator characterized at the abattoir. A total of 1040 cattle (2080 front and back left claws) were analyzed from 143 batches, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy systems. Our results indicate that abnormal claw shapes (>55%) and fissures of the claw wall (>25%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the system of origin. For the seven types of lesions monitored, numerous associations were found between lesions in the front and rear limbs typical of each production system. Ultimate meat pH was higher in animals with white line disease and skin wounds in feedlot and free-range cattle. We conclude that claw disorders can be used as an iceberg indicator to provide valuable information about animal fitness, and the ability to cope with the husbandry and pre-slaughter environment. These indicators can be used to improve the level of welfare of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bautista-Fernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico
| | - L X Estévez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N Losada-Espinosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico
| | - M Villarroel
- CEIGRAM, ETSIAAB, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - G A María
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I De Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University, UAM, Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico.
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25
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Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Teuber S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Metabolic Reprogramming and Inflammatory Response Induced by D-Lactate in Bovine Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Depends on HIF-1 Activity. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625347. [PMID: 33796579 PMCID: PMC8007789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) occurs after an excessive intake of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and is characterized by the overproduction of D-lactate in the rumen that reaches the bloodstream. Lameness presentation, one of the primary consequences of ARA in cattle, is associated with the occurrence of laminitis and aseptic polysynovitis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are predominant cells of synovia and play a key role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases, thus increasing the chances of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased D-lactate levels and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, pyruvates, and amino acids are observed in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA-related polysynovitis prior to neutrophil infiltration, suggesting an early involvement of metabolic disturbances in joint inflammation. We hypothesized that D-lactate induces metabolic reprogramming, along with an inflammatory response, in bovine exposed FLS. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics revealed that D-lactate disrupts the metabolism of bovine FLS, mainly enhancing glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. The reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed an increased expression of metabolic-related genes, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α, glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), L-lactate dehydrogenase subunit A (L-LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1). Along with metabolic disturbances, D-lactate also induced an overexpression and the secretion of IL-6. Furthermore, the inhibition of HIF-1, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB reduced the expression of IL-6 and metabolic-related genes. The results of this study reveal a potential role for D-lactate in bFLS metabolic reprogramming and support a close relationship between inflammation and metabolism in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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26
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Maurer L, Schenkenfelder J, Winckler C. Resource, Collaborator, or Individual Cow? Applying Q Methodology to Investigate Austrian Farmers' Viewpoints on Motivational Aspects of Improving Animal Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:607925. [PMID: 33585598 PMCID: PMC7873868 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.607925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One keystone to successful welfare improvement endeavors is a respected cooperation between farmer and advisor (e.g., veterinarian), which requires a thorough understanding of what motivates farmer behavior. In this respect, Q methodology offers a promising approach in investigating individual motivational patterns and to discriminate between and describe typologies of farmers. In our study we explored, based on a sample of 34 Austrian dairy farmers, how 39 potentially motivating statements regarding the improvement of dairy cow health and welfare were assessed. We were able to identify and describe four different viewpoints, explaining 47% of total study variance. All four viewpoints have in common that pride in a healthy herd is motivating to work toward improved animal health and welfare to a certain extent, but meeting legal requirements is rather not. Viewpoint 1 acknowledges welfare for economic performance, ease of work and short working hours but does not make allowance for outside interference. Participants loading on Viewpoint 2 also show a focus on economic aspects but, keep close track of the animal welfare debate recognizing its potential to improve the public image of dairy farming. Even though they cautiously criticize an exploitative application of dairy farming, they do not want to be understood as role models. With regards to animal welfare, farmers sharing Viewpoint 3 perceive themselves as superior to and show little reluctance of comparison with mainstream farming. For them, the animal as sentient being itself owns some intrinsic value and it is necessary to strike a balance between economic and other, ethical considerations. Viewpoint 4 perceives cows as equal collaborators who deserve to be treated with respect and appreciation and is willing to accept certain economic losses in order to maintain high standards regarding animal health and welfare. Using Q methodology, we have been able to draw high resolution images of different farmer typologies, enabling advisors to tailor intervention strategies specifically addressing leverage points with a high chance of farmer compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Schenkenfelder
- Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Magrin L, Gottardo F, Contiero B, Cozzi G. Association between gastrointestinal tract, claw disorders, on-farm mortality and feeding management in veal calves. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1863868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Magrin
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Flaviana Gottardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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28
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Ding J, Shi M, Wang L, Qi D, Tao Z, Hayat MA, Liu T, Zhang JT, Wang H. Gene Expression of Metalloproteinases and Endogenous Inhibitors in the Lamellae of Dairy Heifers With Oligofructose-Induced Laminitis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:597827. [PMID: 33426020 PMCID: PMC7786368 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine laminitis leads to huge economic losses and animal welfare problems in the dairy industry worldwide. Numerous studies suggested that several metalloproteinases (MPs) may play vital roles in the failure of epidermal attachment. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate and characterize the gene-level changes in distinct MPs and endogenous inhibitors using oligofructose (OF)-induced bovine laminitis model. The objective of this study was to determine aberrant MPs and related inhibitors of bovine laminitis in gene level, and to provide reasonable directions for the further protein-level research. Twelve normal Chinese Holstein dairy heifers were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The heifers in the treatment group were administered with OF solutions at a dose of 17 g/kg of body weight via a stomach tube. The heifers were then humanely euthanized when they met the criteria of bovine laminitis. The heifers in the control group were administered with deionized water at a dose of 2 L/100 kg of body weight. They humanely euthanized at 72 h. The gene expressions of MPs and endogenous inhibitors, namely, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the lamellae from two groups were determined via real-time quantitative PCR. The gene expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas that of TIMP-2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group relative to the control group. No significant difference was found in the gene expressions of ADAM-10, ADAM-17, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3. These results indicated that the gene-level imbalanced condition of MPs and their TIMPs may be the basic cause for the failure of epidermal attachment. At the same time, more detailed protein-level studies would be needed to further clarify the roles of MPs and TIMPs in the pathogenesis of bovine laminitis, especially to MMP-2, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, TIMP-2 as well as related substrates (e.g., aggrecan and versican).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Ding
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxian Shi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Tao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad A Hayat
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
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29
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Magrin L, Brscic M, Cozzi G, Armato L, Gottardo F. Prevalence of gastrointestinal, liver and claw disorders in veal calves fed large amounts of solid feed through a cross-sectional study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:318-325. [PMID: 33153761 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the current practice of feeding veal calves with large amounts of solid feed (SF) on the prevalence of specific disorders on rumen, abomasum, liver and claws was investigated through a post-mortem inspection at the abattoir. Forty-one batches ("batch" referred to a group of calves of the same breed, coming from the same farm and belonging to the same slaughter group) of crossbred male calves from dairy breed were randomly inspected at 213.6 days old. On average 16.0 rumens, 15.6 abomasa, 15.1 livers, and 30.5 hind claws were checked per batch. Rumens were evaluated for the presence of hyperkeratosis and plaques; abomasa for the presence of lesions in the pyloric area; livers for the presence of lipidosis, abscess or fibrous adherence; and claws for the presence of sole hemorrhages. More than 60% of rumens per batch had signs of hyperkeratosis and plaques, and 80 to 100% of abomasa per batch showed at least 1 lesion in the pyloric area. On average 24% of livers per batch were diseased and about 65% of claws per batch had sole hemorrhages. Affected abomasa were positively correlated to rumens with plaques. Claws with sole hemorrhages tended to be positively correlated to rumens with hyperkeratosis. Calves of inspected batches were fed 311 ± 31 kg DM/cycle of milk-replacer and 158 ± 44 kg DM/cycle of SF containing more than 85% of corn grain. Based on the recorded prevalence of alterations, this feeding strategy should be reconsidered in order to improve veal calves' welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Magrin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Marta Brscic
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Leonardo Armato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Flaviana Gottardo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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30
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Impact of Nutrients on the Hoof Health in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101824. [PMID: 33036413 PMCID: PMC7600182 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is currently one of the most important and economically demanding diseases in cattle. It is manifested in a change in locomotion that is associated with lesions, especially the pelvic limbs. The disease of the hoof is painful, affecting the welfare of dairy cows. Important factors that influence the health of the limbs include nutrition, animal hygiene, stable technology, and genetic and breeding predispositions. Nutrition is one of the basic preventive factors affecting the quality and growth of the hoof horn, and the associated prevalence of hoof disease. The strength and structure of the hoof horn are affected by the composition of the feed ration (amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and toxic substances contaminating the feed ration, or arising in the feed ration as metabolites of fungi).
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31
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O'Connor A, Bokkers E, de Boer I, Hogeveen H, Sayers R, Byrne N, Ruelle E, Shalloo L. Associating mobility scores with production and reproductive performance in pasture-based dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9238-9249. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Katzenberger K, Rauch E, Erhard M, Reese S, Gauly M. Evaluating the need for an animal welfare assurance programme in South Tyrolean dairy farming. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1823897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Katzenberger
- Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Elke Rauch
- Tierärztliche Fakultät, Veterinärwissenschaftliches Department, Lehrstuhl für Tierschutz, Verhaltenskunde, Tierhygiene und Tierhaltung, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Michael Erhard
- Tierärztliche Fakultät, Veterinärwissenschaftliches Department, Lehrstuhl für Tierschutz, Verhaltenskunde, Tierhygiene und Tierhaltung, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Sven Reese
- Tierärztliche Fakultät, Veterinärwissenschaftliches Department, Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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33
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Sadiq MB, Ramanoon SZ, Mansor R, Syed-Hussain SS, Shaik Mossadeq WM. Claw Trimming as a Lameness Management Practice and the Association with Welfare and Production in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1515. [PMID: 32867064 PMCID: PMC7552284 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lameness resulting from claw lesions remains a pressing welfare issue in dairy cows. Claw trimming (CT) is a common practice for prevention and management of clinically lame cows. This review summarizes the results of studies that have investigated various claw trimming (CT) methods, their application in lameness management, and associations with the welfare and production of dairy cows. The papers included in this review fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: published in peer review journal or book chapter within the last 20 years (1999-2019), written in English, and focused on the application of CT for lameness management and the association with either welfare or production variables. Databases used included Google scholar, Web of Science and PubMed. A total of 748 records were assessed and 61 papers were eligible for inclusion and the main objectives and results were used to categorize the results under six topics: CT techniques, association between CT and claw overgrowth/specific claw lesions, timing and frequency of CT, association between CT and behavioral variables, association between CT and physiological parameters, and association between CT and production. The literature findings showed the existence of various CT methods with the common types including the Dutch Five-step, White Line, White Line Atlas, and Kansas techniques. There is data paucity on the efficacy of these techniques in lameness management; however, the slight procedural difference yields varying sole thicknesses and presentations which may influence their prophylactic use. Results regarding the impact of CT on welfare and production were discussed in relation to potential short and long-term benefits. Depending on the lesion type and severity level, CT may induce immediate painful sensation, stress, changes in lying down activities and reduction in milk yield, but the positive impacts were more evident at later stages of lactation following improvement in locomotion score. The majority of the reviewed studies were lacking a detailed description of CT techniques and claw health of the studied animals; thus, reducing the strength of demonstrating CT-related benefits. However, electronic recording of claw health data during every CT visit provides the basis for monitoring hoof health and could assist in curtailing some of these challenges. To elucidate CT-related benefits, certain areas requiring further research were highlighted such as ascertaining the appropriate timing for preventive CT and identifying cows that will benefit more from such intervention during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.B.S.); (R.M.)
- Centre of Excellence (Ruminant), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.B.S.); (R.M.)
- Centre of Excellence (Ruminant), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rozaihan Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.B.S.); (R.M.)
- Centre of Excellence (Ruminant), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Mastura Shaik Mossadeq
- Centre of Excellence (Ruminant), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Ding J, Li S, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Song Q, Hayat MA, Zhang JT, Wang H. Laminar Inflammation Responses in the Oligofructose Overload Induced Model of Bovine Laminitis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:351. [PMID: 32766286 PMCID: PMC7381234 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine laminitis causes substantial economic losses and animal welfare problems in dairy farms worldwide. Previously published studies have reported that the inflammatory response plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To our knowledge, inflammation associated with bovine laminitis induced by high levels of exposure to oligofructose (OF) has not been reported and characterized. In fact, the disease manifestations in this model closely approximate those of clinical laminitis. The objective of this study was to characterize the inflammatory response in OF-induced bovine laminitis. A total of 12 Chinese Holstein dairy heifers were utilized in this study. The heifers were randomly divided into two groups, treatment (n = 6) and control (n = 6). The treatment group heifers were administered OF solutions via a stomach tube (dose: 17 g/kg of body weight). Upon development of a lameness score of 2 with consecutive positive reactions in the same claw, they would be humanely euthanized. Control heifers were administered deionized water (dose: 2 L/100 kg of body weight) and humanely euthanized at 72 h. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were performed to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the lamellae. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL-1), macrophage cationic peptide-2 (MCP-2), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase-1 (iNOS-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group. No significant difference was found for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, CXCL-6, and MCP-1. These results demonstrated and characterized the laminar inflammatory response leading to the pathogenesis of bovine laminitis at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Ding
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuaichen Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad A Hayat
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
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Lower odds of sole ulcers in the following lactation in dairy cows that received hoof trimming around drying off. Vet J 2019; 254:105408. [PMID: 31836168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sole ulcers negatively affect production and animal welfare in dairy cows. Hoof trimming around drying off is frequently recommended, but has not previously been evaluated scientifically. The association between hoof trimming around drying off and the odds of sole ulcers in the following lactation was evaluated based on recordings from 621,228 hoof trimmings in Danish dairy herds. Overall, 6.2% of cows had sole ulcers at the first hoof trimming 0-180 days in milk. The odds of sole ulcers increased with increasing days in milk, and were approximately 20% lower in cows hoof trimmed around drying off. Odds were higher in older cows, and in cows with sole ulcers in the previously lactation. Hoof trimming around drying off may help reduce the occurrence of sole ulcers in the following lactation.
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Zavadilová L, Kašná E, Krupová Z. Genomic Breeding Values for Claw Diseases/Disorders in Czech Holstein Cows. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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