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de Souza C, de Souza C, Campos FP, Savaris VDL, Wachholz L, Kaufmann C, Broch J, Comin GN, Calderano AA, Tesser GLS, Starkey JD, Eyng C, Nunes RV. Effect of arginine, glycine + serine concentrations, and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in vegetable-based diets for chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104105. [PMID: 39153445 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation with varying dietary digestible arginine (Arg) and glycine+serine (Gly+Ser) concentrations in the starter phase, exploring respective carry-over effects on growth performance, blood chemistry, incidence of pectoral myopathies and proximate composition in broilers. A total of 2,800 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a central composite design with 2 factors and double experimental mesh, represented by supplementation or omission of 0.6 g per kg of GAA, with a central point represented by 107% of Arg and 147% of Gly+Ser, 4 factorial points (combinations of Arg/Gly+Ser concentrations: 96.4/132.5%; 117.6/132.5%; 96.4/161.5%, and 117.6/132.5%), and 4 axial points (combinations of axial points estimated for Arg and Gly+Ser, with the central points of 92/147%; 122/147%; 107/126.5, and 107/167.5%), totaling 18 treatments, 4 repetitions to factorial and axial points, 24 replicates to the central point, and 25 birds per pen. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 1 to 10 had a linear response (P = 0.009) for the decreasing Arg content and a quadratic response (P = 0.047) for Gly+Ser concentrations. Broilers supplemented GAA had lower FCR compared with nonsupplemented groups from d 1 to 10 (P = 0.048) and d 1 to 42 (P = 0.026). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) exhibited increasing and decreasing linear effects as a function of Arg (P = 0.008) and Gly+Ser (P = 0.020) concentrations, respectively. Guanidinoacetic acid decreased serum AST (P = 0.028). Guanidinoacetic acid reduced moderate + severe (P = 0.039) and mild (P = 0.015) Wooden Breast scores. The occurrence of normal White Striping increased (P = 0.002), while severe score was reduced (P = 0.029) with GAA supplementation. In conclusion, increased digestible Arg:Lys and 14% and 6% above the recommendations (107% and 147%), respectively, provided improved FCR during the starter phase. Dietary GAA supplementation (0.6 g per kg) improved FCR, reduced severity of breast myopathies and appears to have reduced muscle damage in broilers fed plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleison de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cleverson de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Vaneila D L Savaris
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Wachholz
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cristine Kaufmann
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Jomara Broch
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Comin
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Arele A Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica D Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, US
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
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Al-Abdullatif AA, Azzam MM, Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Dong X, Abdel-Moneim AME. Assessing the Influence of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Growth Performance, Body Temperature, Blood Metabolites, and Intestinal Morphometry in Broilers: A Comparative Sex-Based Experiment. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1853. [PMID: 38997965 PMCID: PMC11240371 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that female and male broilers showcase variations in their growth performance, influenced by various physiological factors. This experiment aims to explore potential differences between female and male broilers concerning growth performance, body temperature, blood metabolites, carcass traits, and intestinal architecture in response to guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation. A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chickens were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design and randomly allocated into 48 boxes, each containing 5 birds. The experiment comprised six treatments, with eight replicates per treatment. The main factors investigated were dietary GAA levels (0%, 0.06%, and 0.12%) and sex (male and female). Male broilers demonstrated superior body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared to females (p< 0.05). GAA supplementation at 0.12% concentration notably improved BWG and reduced FI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across experimental phases (p < 0.05). However, interactions between sex and GAA were minimal except for reduced FI and FCR (p < 0.05) in both sexes during early growth stages. Regardless of GAA treatment, the male birds exhibited more elevated shank and head temperatures than the females. Carcass traits were largely unaffected by GAA supplementation or sex, except for higher heart yield in the males. Serum metabolite levels were not different between treatment groups at 10 and 24 days of age, except for a higher level of serum creatinine at 10 days in the female birds with 0.06% GA supplementation (p < 0.05). Intestinal morphology was significantly affected by GAA and sex, depending on the segment of intestine, in which GAA supplementation significantly increased villus height, crypt depth, villus width, surface area, and goblet cell count, while the males consistently exhibited higher values of these parameters than the females, and differences were observed between intestinal segments, especially in the ileum and duodenum, at different ages. In conclusion, the interactions between GAA and sex had minimal influences on growth performance indices. However, male broilers demonstrated a more pronounced response to GAA concerning ileal architecture. This study highlights the importance of supplementing broiler chicken diets with GAA for optimizing male broiler performance and intestinal function. The inclusion of GAA into broiler diets needs further study to reveal the underlying mechanisms driving these sex-specific responses and assess the long-term impacts of GAA supplementation on broiler health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Al-Abdullatif
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (E.M.S.); (M.A.A.-B.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (E.M.S.); (M.A.A.-B.)
| | - Emad M. Samara
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (E.M.S.); (M.A.A.-B.)
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Badwi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (E.M.S.); (M.A.A.-B.)
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal 13759, Egypt;
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Hossain MM, Cho SB, Kang DK, Nguyen QT, Kim IH. Comparative effects of dietary herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on growth performance, cecal microbiota, blood profile, excreta gas emission, and meat quality in Hanhyup-3-ho chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103553. [PMID: 38417333 PMCID: PMC10907848 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic feed additives are renowned for their growth promotion, gut health enhancement, and disease prevention properties, which is important factors for sustaining prolonged poultry rearing. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal mixture (mixture of ginseng and artichoke) or guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, cecal microbiota, excretal gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality in Hanhyup-3-ho chicken. A total of 360 one-day-old chickens (half males and half females) were allocated into one of 3 dietary treatments (12 replicate cages/treatment; 10 broilers/replicate cage) for 100 d of age. Experimental diets were CON: basal diet; TRT1: basal diet combined with 0.05% herbal mixture; and TRT2: basal diet combined with 0.06% GAA. All birds received a basal diet during the first 30 d, but from d 31 to 100, an experimental diet was supplied. The addition of 0.05% herbal mixture improved the average body weight gain and feed conversion ratio from d 31 to 100 as well as the overall experimental period. The cecal Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella count remained consistent across all dietary treatments. Blood albumin and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels increased in the herbal mixture supplemented diet. Additionally, there was a notable reduction in excretal NH3 and H2S emissions in the herbal mixture group. Furthermore, the herbal mixture group exhibited increased breast muscle weight, improved breast muscle color, improved water holding capacity, and a decrease in abdominal fat compared to the control group. Additionally, the supplementation of 0.06% GAA did not demonstrate any statistically significant impact on any evaluated parameter throughout the experiment. The results from the present investigation underscore the potential of ginseng together with artichoke extract supplementation as a viable feed additive, conferring improvements in growth performance, feed efficiency, excreta gas emission, meat quality parameters, and defense mechanism against oxidative stress in Hanhyup-3-ho chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mortuza Hossain
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea; Smart Animal Bio Institute Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Bo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea; Smart Animal Bio Institute Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea; Smart Animal Bio Institute Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea; Smart Animal Bio Institute Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea..
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Gratta F, Bošković Cabrol M, Xiccato G, Birolo M, Bordignon F, Trocino A. Effect of light restriction on productive results and behavior of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103084. [PMID: 37826901 PMCID: PMC10568561 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of light restriction (18L:6D vs. 14L:10D), genotype (A vs. B), and sex on performance, behavior, and meat quality, and the occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) in broiler chickens. To this purpose 704 one-day-old chickens of 2 genotypes, half males and half females, were reared from hatching until slaughtering at 45 d of age in 32 collective pens (22 chickens per pen). Light restriction reduced growth rate and final live weight (LW), but improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and reduced inactive behaviors of chickens (P < 0.001). Light restriction also reduced WS occurrence in breasts (89.5 to 64.6%; P < 0.001) and reduced meat shear force (2.64 to 2.20 kg/g; P < 0.05) and ether extract content (2.29 to 1.87%; P < 0.05). Regarding genotype, compared to genotype B, chickens of genotype A were heavier (3,242 g vs. 3,124 g; P < 0.01) with higher cold carcass weight and Pectoralis major muscle yield (12.9 vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001) and a higher FCR (1.63 vs. 1.61; P < 0.01). Finally, females had lower final LW (2,852 g vs. 3,513 g) and higher FCR (1.64 vs. 1.59) than males (P < 0.001), but a higher proportion of breast and P. major (P < 0.001), lower cooking losses (P < 0.001) and shear force (P < 0.01), and higher protein content (21.6 vs. 20.7%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, light restriction depressed growth, but was effective in decreasing WS occurrence and improved feed conversion. The decrease in inactive behaviors (sitting/laying) of light-restricted chickens can be positively considered in view of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gratta
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Bošković Cabrol
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Cui Y, Yu M, Li Z, Song M, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Guanidine Acetic Acid Alters Tissue Bound Amino Acid Profiles and Oxidative Status in Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101626. [PMID: 37238056 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on carcass traits, plasma biochemical parameters, tissue antioxidant capacity, and tissue-bound amino acid contents in finishing pigs. Seventy-two 140-day-old (body weight 86.59 ± 1.16 kg) crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were randomly assigned into four treatments with six replicate pens and three pigs per pen, which were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% GAA, respectively. The plasma glucose concentration decreased, and creatine kinase activity and levels of GAA and creatine increased with the dietary GAA concentration. GAA linearly improved creatine content in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LM) and heart. The activities of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase increased linearly in tissue or/and plasma, while the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl decreased linearly. GAA improved the contents of multiple-bound amino acids (such as proline or isoleucine) in the myocardium and LM. In conclusion, GAA enhanced the plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative status, and bound amino acid profiles of the heart and LM in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
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Tan C, Selamat J, Jambari NN, Sukor R, Murugesu S, Muhamad A, Khatib A. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics study of serum and pectoralis major for different commercial chicken breeds. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2106-2117. [PMID: 37181311 PMCID: PMC10171504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the metabolic composition of four types of commercially available chicken breeds [village chicken, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent layers (Dekalb)] by 1H NMR coupling and discriminate them using multivariate analysis. Five chickens were collected for each chicken breed based on the marketing age from the respective commercial farms. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results showed an obvious separation of local village chickens from the other breeds based on the metabolites present in their serum and meat (pectoralis major). The cumulative values of Q 2, R 2 X, and R 2 Y of the OPLS-DA model for chicken serum were 0.722, 0.877, and 0.841. For the pectoralis major muscle, the cumulative values of Q 2, R 2 X, and R 2 Y of the OPLS-DA model were reported as 0.684, 0.781, and 0.786, respectively. The quality of both OPLS-DA models was accepted by the cumulative values of Q 2 ≥ 0.5 and R 2 ≥ 0.65. The 1H NMR result with multivariate analysis has successfully distinguished local village chicken from the other three commercial chicken breeds based on serum and pectoralis major muscle. Nonetheless, colored broiler (Hubbard) was not distinguished from broiler (Cobb) and spent layers (Dekalb) in serum and pectoralis major, respectively. The OPLS-DA assessment in this study identified 19 and 15 potential metabolites for discriminating different chicken breeds in serum and pectoralis major muscle, respectively. Some of the prominent metabolites identified include amino acids (betaine, glycine, glutamine, guanidoacetate, phenylalanine, and valine), nucleotides (IMP and NAD+), organic acids (lactate, malate, and succinate), peptide (anserine), and sugar alcohol (myo-inositol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkeng Tan
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- National Public Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health MalaysiaSungai BulohMalaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Suganya Murugesu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Azira Muhamad
- Malaysia Genome InstituteNational Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM)KajangMalaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuantanMalaysia
- Faculty of PharmacyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia
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Lopes de Miranda J, Lages Rodrigues B, Cristina de Moura L, Sales da Rocha G, de Sant'Ana Oliveira S. Versatility of Guanidoacetic Acid Coordination Modes and Synthesis of Its New Zinc Complex. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Cui Y, Tian Z, Yu M, Deng D, Lu H, Song M, Ma X, Wang L. Guanidine acetic acid supplementation altered plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles in finishing pigs. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35672811 PMCID: PMC9172011 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a nutritive feed additive, guanidine acetic acid (GAA) participates in the metabolism of energy and proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on growth performance, organ index, plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles, and related metabolites in finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred pigs (body weight 86.59 ± 1.16 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (GAA0, GAA500, GAA1000, and GAA1500). They were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg GAA for 42 days, respectively. The growth performance and organ weight were evaluated, and the contents of crude protein, free amino acids, and metabolites in plasma and tissues were determined. Spearman correlation between plasma and tissue free amino acids and related metabolites was also analyzed. Results Growth performance in pigs was not altered by GAA (P > 0.05). The absolute and relative weight of kidneys increased (quadratic, P < 0.05). As dietary GAA concentration was increased, the contents of plasma glycine, serine, leucine, ornithine, and ratio of ornithine/arginine decreased (linear or quadratic, P < 0.05), but the contents of plasma isoleucine and taurine and the ratios of alanine/branched-chain amino acids and proline/ornithine increased quadratically (P < 0.05). The hepatic γ-amino-n-butyric acid content increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.001), while the carnosine content decreased (quadratic, P = 0.004). The contents of renal arginine, proline, cystine, glutamate, and total amino acids (TAA) decreased quadratically (P < 0.05), but the contents of glycine (quadratic, P = 0.015) and γ-amino-n-butyric acid (linear, P = 0.008) increased. The pancreatic tryptophan content (quadratic, P = 0.024) increased, while the contents of pancreatic proline (linear, P = 0.005) and hydroxyproline (quadratic, P = 0.032) decreased in response to GAA supplementation. The contents of cardiac essential amino acids (EAA), nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and TAA in GAA1000 were higher than those in GAA1500 (P < 0.05). Supplementing with GAA linearly increased the contents of methionine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, serine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, proline, taurine, cystathionine, α-aminoadipic acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, EAA, NEAA, and TAA in the spleen (P < 0.05). A strong Spearman correlation existed between plasma and tissue free amino acids and related metabolites. Conclusion GAA supplementation did not altered pig growth performance, but it altered plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles and the contents of related metabolites in pigs in a tissue-dependent manner.
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