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Serafini M, Ilarraz C, Laurito M, Cuenya L. Increment in the consummatory response induced by reward delay: An animal model of binge-like eating episodes. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Incentive disengagement and the adaptive significance of frustrative nonreward. Learn Behav 2022; 50:372-388. [DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Psychological pain and opioid receptors: Reward downshift is disrupted when tested in a context signaling morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 216:173386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Mugnaini M, Alfei JM, Bueno AM, Ferrer Monti RI, Urcelay GP. Fear memory modulation by incentive down and up-shifts. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Conrad SE, Davis D, Vilcek N, Thompson JB, Guarino S, Papini S, Papini MR. Frustrative nonreward and cannabinoid receptors: Chronic (but not acute) WIN 55,212-2 treatment increased resistance to change in two reward downshift tasks. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 213:173320. [PMID: 34990705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the role of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in behavior is relevant given the trend toward the legalization of medicinal and recreational marijuana. The present research aims at bridging a gap in our understanding of CB-receptor function in animal models of frustrative nonreward. These experiments were designed to (1) determine the effects of chronic administration of the nonselective CB1-receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) on reward downshift in rats and (2) determine whether the effects of chronic WIN were reducible to acute effects. In Experiment 1, chronic WIN (7 daily injections, 10 mg/kg, ip) accelerated the recovery of consummatory behavior after a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift relative to vehicle controls. In addition, chronic WIN eliminated the preference for an unshifted lever when the other lever was subject to a 12-to-2 pellet downshift in free-choice trials, but only in animals with previous experience with a sucrose downshift. In Experiment 2, acute WIN (1 mg/kg, ip) reduced consummatory behavior, but did not affect recovery from a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift. The antagonist SR 141716A (3 mg/kg, ip) also failed to interfere with recovery after the sucrose downshift. In Experiment 3, acute WIN administration (1 mg/kg, ip) did not affect free-choice behavior after a pellet downshift, although it reduced lever pressing and increased magazine entries relative to vehicle controls. The effects of chronic WIN on frustrative nonreward were not reducible to acute effects of the drug. Chronic WIN treatment in rats, like chronic marijuana use in humans, seems to increase resistance to the effects of frustrative nonreward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Conrad
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Delaney Davis
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Natalia Vilcek
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Joanna B Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Sara Guarino
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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Daniel AM, Rushing BG, Tapia Menchaca KY. Variation of the human mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene predicts vulnerability to frustration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21840. [PMID: 33318511 PMCID: PMC7736895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emotional reaction to loss, or frustration, is a critical problem for the field of mental health. Animal models of loss have pointed to the opioid system as a nexus of frustration, physical pain, and substance abuse. However, few attempts have been made to connect the results of animal models of loss to human behavior. Allelic differences in the human mu opioid receptor gene, notably the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism, have been linked to individual differences in pain sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and reward processing. The present study explored the relationship between A118G and behavior in two frustrating tasks in humans. Results showed that carriers of the mutant G-allele were slower to recover behavior following a reward downshift and abandoned a frustrating task earlier than those without the mutation. Additionally, G-carriers were more sensitive to physical pain. These results highlight the overlap between frustration and pain, and suggest that genetic variation in opioid tone may contribute to individual differences in vulnerability and resilience following emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Daniel
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA.
| | - Brenda G Rushing
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA
| | - Karla Y Tapia Menchaca
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA
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Ellis SLH, Riemer S, Thompson H, Burman OHP. Assessing the External Validity of Successive Negative Contrast - Implications for Animal Welfare. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2019; 23:54-61. [PMID: 30694088 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2019.1572509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
When unexpectedly switched from a preferred to a less-preferred food reward, non-human animals may decrease consumption below that when only receiving the less-preferred reward - a successive negative contrast (SNC) effect. SNC has been proposed as an animal welfare indicator, however, to be effective it should show external validity; being demonstrable outside of highly standardized laboratory settings. We therefore investigated whether the SNC effect typically shown in laboratory rats was observed in owned (pet) rats from heterogeneous non-laboratory environments. Subjects (N = 14) were tested in a consummatory SNC paradigm with solid food rewards. "Shifted" rats received a high-value reward for 10 days (pre-shift), a low-value reward for six days (post-shift), then one additional day of high-value reward (re-shift). "Unshifted" rats always received the same low-value reward. "Shifted" rats consumed more food during pre-shift and re-shift trials, but ate less of the low-value food than "unshifted" animals in the post-shift trials - a SNC effect. This confirms the external validity of the SNC paradigm, extending reproducibility to outside the laboratory, indicating translatability across contexts, thus enhancing its potential use as a welfare indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L H Ellis
- Animal Behaviour, Cognition and Welfare Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Stefanie Riemer
- Animal Behaviour, Cognition and Welfare Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.,Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Animal Behaviour, Cognition and Welfare Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Oliver H P Burman
- Animal Behaviour, Cognition and Welfare Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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8
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Reward loss and addiction: Opportunities for cross-pollination. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 154:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Jiménez-García AM, Ruíz-Leyva L, Cendán CM, Torres C, Papini MR, Morón I. Hypoalgesia Induced by Reward Devaluation in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164331. [PMID: 27764142 PMCID: PMC5072740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced sensitivity to physical pain (hypoalgesia) has been reported after events involving reward devaluation. Reward devaluation was implemented in a consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) task. Food-deprived Wistar rats had access to 32% sucrose during 16 sessions followed by access to 4% sucrose during 3 additional sessions. An unshifted control group had access to 4% sucrose throughout the 19 sessions. Pain sensitivity was measured using von Frey filaments (Experiment 1) and Hargreaves thermal stimuli (Experiment 2) in pretraining baseline, 5 min, and 300 min after either the first (session 17) or second (session 18) devaluation session in the cSNC situation. Sucrose consumption was lower in downshifted groups relative to unshifted groups during postshift sessions-the cSNC effect. Hypoalgesia was observed in downshifted groups relative to unshifted controls when pain sensitivity was assessed 5 min after either the first or second devaluation session, regardless of the pain sensitivity test used. Both pain sensitivity tests yielded evidence of hypoalgesia 300 min after the second downshift session, but not 300 min after the first devaluation session. Whereas hypoalgesia was previously shown only after the second devaluation session, here we report evidence of hypoalgesia after both the first and second devaluation sessions using mechanical and thermal nociceptive stimuli. Moreover, the hypoalgesia observed 300 min after the second devaluation session in both experiments provides unique evidence of the effects of reward loss on sensitivity to physical pain 5 hours after the loss episode. The underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Jiménez-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Leandro Ruíz-Leyva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mauricio R. Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Papini S, R Galatzer-Levy I, Papini MR. Identifying profiles of recovery from reward devaluation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:212-8. [PMID: 25218308 PMCID: PMC4254109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, the unexpected loss of a resource can lead to emotional conflict. Consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) is a laboratory model of reward devaluation meant to capture that conflict. In this paradigm, animals are exposed to a sharp reduction in the sucrose concentration of a solution after several days of access. This downshift in sucrose content leads to behavioral responses such as the suppression of consumption and physiologic responses including elevation of corticosterone levels. However, response heterogeneity in cSNC has yet to be explored and may be relevant for increasing the validity of this model, as humans demonstrate clinically meaningful heterogeneity in response to resource loss. The current analysis applied latent growth mixture modeling to test for and characterize heterogeneity in recovery from cSNC among rats (N=262). Although most animals exhibited recovery of consummatory behavior after a sharp drop in consumption in the first postshift trial (Recovery class; 83%), two additional classes were identified including animals that did not change their consumption levels after downshift (No Contrast class; 6%), and animals that exhibited an initial response similar to that of the Recovery class but did not recover to preshift consumption levels (No Recovery class; 11%). These results indicate heterogeneity in recovery from reward loss among rats, which may increase the translatability of this animal model to understand diverse responses to loss among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Papini
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; City University of New York, City College, United States
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Papini MR, Fuchs PN, Torres C. Behavioral neuroscience of psychological pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 48:53-69. [PMID: 25446953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a common word used to refer to a wide range of physical and mental states sharing hedonic aversive value. Three types of pain are distinguished in this article: Physical pain, an aversive state related to actual or potential injury and disease; social pain, an aversive emotion associated to social exclusion; and psychological pain, a negative emotion induced by incentive loss. This review centers on psychological pain as studied in nonhuman animals. After covering issues of terminology, the article briefly discusses the daily-life significance of psychological pain and then centers on a discussion of the results originating from two procedures involving incentive loss: successive negative contrast-the unexpected devaluation of a reward-and appetitive extinction-the unexpected omission of a reward. The evidence reviewed points to substantial commonalities, but also some differences and interactions between physical and psychological pains. This evidence is discussed in relation to behavioral, pharmacological, neurobiological, and genetic factors that contribute to the multidimensional experience of psychological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, United States.
| | - Perry N Fuchs
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Texas Arlington, United States
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12
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Ortega LA, Prado-Rivera MA, Cárdenas-Poveda DC, McLinden KA, Glueck AC, Gutiérrez G, Lamprea MR, Papini MR. Tests of the aversive summation hypothesis in rats: Effects of restraint stress on consummatory successive negative contrast and extinction in the Barnes maze. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Lopez Seal MF, Cuenya L, Suarez AB, Mustaca AE. Consummatory suppression due to incentive downshift is not a consequence of enhanced search behavior. Behav Processes 2013; 98:69-71. [PMID: 23694741 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rats shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose solution consume less from the 4% solution than rats that experience only the 4% solution. This consummatory suppression, a phenomenon known as consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC), is accompanied by an increase in other behaviors such as rearing, nose-down locomotion, ambulation, sampling new sources and grooming. Despite a large body of studies on the cSNC, it remains to be determined whether reduced consumption is part of the direct response to the reward downshift or a byproduct of the increase in alternative competing behaviors. The objective of the present study was to determine if consummatory suppression would occur when most competing behaviors are prevented from occurring. Rats were trained either with 32% or 4% sucrose solution for ten days in restrainers that limited almost all movement. On the next five days, all subjects received the 4% sucrose solution and a robust suppression in drinking in the downshifted animals was observed. These results suggest that consummatory suppression is a direct consequence of incentive downshift and not a byproduct of the increase in competing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Lopez Seal
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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Role of the ventrolateral orbital cortex and medial prefrontal cortex in incentive downshift situations. Behav Brain Res 2013; 244:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Toads (Rhinella arenarum) received training with a novel incentive procedure involving access to solutions of different NaCl concentrations. In Experiment 1, instrumental behavior and weight variation data confirmed that such solutions yield incentive values ranging from appetitive (deionized water, DW, leading to weight gain), to neutral (300 mM slightly hypertonic solution, leading to no net weight gain or loss), and aversive (800 mM highly hypertonic solution leading to weight loss). In Experiment 2, a downshift from DW to a 300 mM solution or an upshift from a 300 mM solution to DW led to a gradual adjustment in instrumental behavior. In Experiment 3, extinction was similar after acquisition with access to only DW or with a random mixture of DW and 300 mM. In Experiment 4, a downshift from DW to 225, 212, or 200 mM solutions led again to gradual adjustments. These findings add to a growing body of comparative evidence suggesting that amphibians adjust to incentive shifts on the basis of habit formation and reorganization.
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