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Kordeva S, Pidakev I, Tchernev G. Fine scalpel surgery: preserving the dartos muscle in a patient with scrotal and perigenital giant Buschke-Löwenstein tumors. Wien Med Wochenschr 2024:10.1007/s10354-024-01039-7. [PMID: 38587714 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-024-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA), alternatively referred to as a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), is an uncommon, benign, but locally aggressive form of verrucous carcinoma. The condition usually affects the male population under the age of 50 years; however, there have been rare reports of pediatric cases. Various risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, promiscuous behavior, poor hygiene, immunosuppression, and others are linked to the development of this condition. We present the case of a 26-year-old male patient who came to the dermatology department with primary complaints of 10-year-old verrucous tumor formations located in the perigenital and perianal areas. Serological tests for AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Chlamydia trachomatis, and syphilis were negative. The routine blood tests were slightly abnormal. Histological verification of condylomata acuminata of Buschke-Löwenstein was made. Given the sensitive areas, surgery was advised. With several fine undermining scalpel excisions, the lesions in the scrotal and perigenital areas were removed and the dartos muscle was preserved. Electrodissection and shave curettage were not performed. The postoperative period passed without complications and no recurrences in the perigenital area were reported. We believe that our case report represents the first documented surgical approach for scrotal Buschke-Löwenstein tumor using exclusively fine undermining scalpel surgery. A brief literature review of the condition is presented, focusing on the currently available treatment options and highlighting the potential effectiveness of the surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kordeva
- Onkoderma-Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - I Pidakev
- Department of Common, Abdominal and Vascular Surgery, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Tchernev
- Onkoderma-Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, General Skobelev 79, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Garolla A, Graziani A, Grande G, Ortolani C, Ferlin A. HPV-related diseases in male patients: an underestimated conundrum. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:261-274. [PMID: 37770654 PMCID: PMC10859347 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, in males and females worldwide. While the role of HPV in female diseases is well known and largely studied, males have negligibly been included in these programs, also because the proportion of women suffering and dying from HPV-related diseases is much larger than men. The aim of this review is to focus on HPV-related diseases in male patients. METHODS We performed a literature analysis on the electronic database PubMed. We considered randomized trials, observational and retrospective studies, original articles having as topic the relationship between HPV male infection and the following items: oral, anal penile cancers, warts, condylomas, male infertility, altered sperm parameters, anti-sperm antibodies (ASA). We also included experimental in vitro studies focused on the effects of HPV infection on oocyte fertilization, blastocyst development, and trophoblastic cell invasiveness. In addition, studies describing the adjuvant administration of the HPV vaccination as a possible strategy to promote HPV clearance from semen in infected males were included. RESULTS Regarding head and neck HPV-related diseases, the most important non-neoplastic disease is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Regarding neoplastic diseases, the proportion of head and neck cancers attributable to HPV has increased dramatically worldwide. In addition, nowadays, it is thought that half of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) cases in the United States are caused by infection with high-risk HPV. HPV is noteworthy in andrological practice too. It was described as having a high HPV prevalence, ranging between 50 and 70%, in male penile shaft, glans penis/coronal sulcus, semen as well as in scrotal, perianal, and anal regions. Moreover, in male patients, HPV infection has been associated, among other diseases, with penile cancers. HPV semen infection has been reported in about 10% in men from the general population and about 16% in men with unexplained infertility, although these data seem widely underestimated according to clinical experience. In particular, HPV semen infection seems to be most related to asthenozoospermia and to anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs). CONCLUSIONS HPV infection represents a health problem with a detrimental social and public impact. Despite this evidence, little has been done to date to widely promote vaccination among young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - A Graziani
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Grande
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C Ortolani
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Supindham T, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Aurpibul L, Sripan P, Utaipat U, Hongjaisee S, Srithanaviboonchai K. Prevalence and Genotypic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Male and Female Sex Workers in Thailand. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:827-833. [PMID: 37824263 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cancer. Female sex workers (FSWs) are known to be at risk for HPV, but little is known about male sex workers (MSWs). METHODS We examined HPV prevalence and associated risk factors in both populations. During 2022, HPV testing using vaginal or penile samples, HIV testing, and interviews were performed among 100 MSWs and 100 FSWs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. RESULTS The prevalence of all HPV types was 63.5% (66% in MSW, 61% in FSW), HPV-16 prevalence was 14%, HPV-52 was 13%, and HPV-18 was 4%. There was no difference between MSW and FSW for these subtypes. The prevalence of HPV-16 or HPV-18 was 17%, and for HPV-16, HPV-18, or HPV-52, it was 26%. HIV-positive participants had a higher prevalence of all HPV types (94% vs. 60%, P = 0.004), HPV-16 or HPV-18 (39% vs. 15%, P = 0.018), and HPV-16, HPV-18, or HPV-52 (50% vs. 23%, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an equally high HPV prevalence across the sexes. Further studies are needed to determine if this indicates an equal risk for cancer. Increased HPV awareness, screening, and vaccination should be considered, regardless of gender.
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Sobhi Amjad Z, Shojaeian A, Sadri Nahand J, Bayat M, Taghizadieh M, Rostamian M, Babaei F, Moghoofei M. Oncoviruses: Induction of cancer development and metastasis by increasing anoikis resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22598. [PMID: 38144298 PMCID: PMC10746446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of cell death is a vital aspect in the regulation of aberrant cells such as cancer cells. Anoikis is a kind of cell death that occurs when cells get separated from the extracellular matrix. Some cancer cells can inhibit anoikis in order to progress metastasis. One of the key variables that might be implicated in anoikis resistance (AR) is viral infections. The most important viruses involved in this process are Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human herpes virus 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and hepatitis C virus. A better understanding of how carcinogenic viruses suppress anoikis might be helpful in developing an effective treatment for virus-associated cancers. In the current study, we review the role of the mentioned viruses and their gene products in anoikis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sobhi Amjad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Nosocomial Infections Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chelmow D, Cejtin H, Conageski C, Farid H, Gecsi K, Kesterson J, Khan MJ, Long M, O'Hara JS, Burke W. Executive Summary of the Lower Anogenital Tract Cancer Evidence Review Conference. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:708-724. [PMID: 37543740 PMCID: PMC10424818 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a project conducted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to develop educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. For this final module, focusing on the cancers of the lower anogenital tract (vulva, vagina, and anus), a panel of experts in evidence assessment from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASCCP, and the Society of Gynecologic Oncology reviewed relevant literature and current guidelines. Panel members conducted structured literature reviews, which were then reviewed by other panel members. Representatives from stakeholder professional and patient advocacy organizations met virtually in September 2022 to review and provide comment. This article is the executive summary of the review. It covers prevention, early diagnosis, and special considerations of lower anogenital tract cancer. Knowledge gaps are summarized to provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chelmow
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Stroger Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, and Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York; the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, UPMC-Central PA, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania; and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC
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Brzeziński M, Stukan M. Anal Cancer and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Risk among Patients Treated for HPV-Related Gynecological Diseases-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4216. [PMID: 37445251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important causative agent of neoplasms in the anogenital area is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to the anatomical proximity of the genital and anus area and the ease with which HPV infection is transmitted, it seems that patients after the treatment of HPV-related gynecological diseases may have an increased risk of developing a second HPV-related neoplasm anal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer (AC) among patients after the treatment of HPV-related gynecological diseases. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature from multiple databases. The study was performed following Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 guidelines. Moreover, we assessed the quality of each study using QUADAS-2. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included in the final analysis. Patients after the treatment of HPV-related gynecological diseases have a significantly higher risk of AC (mean standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 5.387, mean incidence risk (IR) = 0.096%, mean IR per 100,000 person-years = 10.37) and AIN (mean IR = 23.683%) compared to the population risk. CONCLUSIONS patients with HPV-related gynecological diseases should constitute a group for which an appropriate primary and secondary screening for AC should be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Hospitals, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Oncological Propedeutics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Stukan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Hospitals, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Oncological Propedeutics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Ramos da Silva J, Bitencourt Rodrigues K, Formoso Pelegrin G, Silva Sales N, Muramatsu H, de Oliveira Silva M, Porchia BFMM, Moreno ACR, Aps LRMM, Venceslau-Carvalho AA, Tombácz I, Fotoran WL, Karikó K, Lin PJC, Tam YK, de Oliveira Diniz M, Pardi N, de Souza Ferreira LC. Single immunizations of self-amplifying or non-replicating mRNA-LNP vaccines control HPV-associated tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn3464. [PMID: 36867683 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
As mRNA vaccines have proved to be very successful in battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this new modality has attracted widespread interest for the development of potent vaccines against other infectious diseases and cancer. Cervical cancer caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. In the present study, we compared the performance of three different mRNA vaccine modalities to target tumors associated with HPV-16 infection in mice. We generated lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated self-amplifying mRNA as well as unmodified and nucleoside-modified non-replicating mRNA vaccines encoding a chimeric protein derived from the fusion of the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein and the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gDE7). We demonstrated that single low-dose immunizations with any of the three gDE7 mRNA vaccines induced activation of E7-specific CD8+ T cells, generated memory T cell responses capable of preventing tumor relapses, and eradicated subcutaneous tumors at different growth stages. In addition, the gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines induced potent tumor protection in two different orthotopic mouse tumor models after administration of a single vaccine dose. Last, comparative studies demonstrated that all three gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines proved to be superior to gDE7 DNA and gDE7 recombinant protein vaccines. Collectively, we demonstrated the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of three different mRNA vaccines in extensive comparative experiments. Our data support further evaluation of these mRNA vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karine Bitencourt Rodrigues
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Formoso Pelegrin
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariângela de Oliveira Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna F M M Porchia
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Raposo M M Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Adrianne Venceslau-Carvalho
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wesley Luzetti Fotoran
- Department of Parasitology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-020, Brazil
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Women with Cervical High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: Be Aware of Your Anus! The ANGY Cross-Sectional Clinical Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205096. [PMID: 36291879 PMCID: PMC9600245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPV) are highly prevalent in sexually active populations, with HR-HPV being associated with dysplasia and cancers. The consequences of cervical HPV infection are well-known, whereas those of the anus are less clear. The correlation of cervical and anal HPVs with the increasing number of anal cancers in women has not been studied yet. The objective of our prospective study was to determine whether cervical and anal HPV correlated in a cohort of women recruited in a university hospital in Switzerland. Recruitment was conducted in the gynecology clinic, the colposcopy clinic, and the HIV clinic. Cervical and anal HPV genotyping and cytology were performed. Overall, 275 patients were included (360 were initially planned), and among them, 102 (37%) had cervical HR-HPV. Patients with cervical HR-HPV compared to patients without cervical HR-HPV were significantly younger (39 vs. 44 yrs, p < 0.001), had earlier sexual intercourse (17.2 vs. 18.3 yrs, p < 0.01), had more sexual partners (2.9 vs. 2.2, p < 0.0001), more dysplastic cervical cytology findings (42% vs. 19%, p < 0.0001) and higher prevalence of anal HR-HPV (59% vs. 24%, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the HR-HPV group reported more anal intercourse (44% vs. 29%, p < 0.015). Multivariate analysis retained anal HR-HPV as independent risk factor for cervical HR-HPV (OR3.3, CI 1.2−9.0, p = 0.02). The results of this study emphasize that it is of upmost importance to screen women for anal HR-HPV when diagnosing cervical HR-HPV.
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Alcántara-Quintana LE, López-Mendoza CM, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Medellín-Castillo N, Mizaikoff B, Flores-Ramírez R, Galván-Romero VS, Díaz de León-Martínez L. One-Drop Serum Screening Test for Anal Cancer in Men via Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15250-15260. [PMID: 36197692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare cancers are a challenge for clinical practice, the treatment experience at major centers to which rare cancers are referred is limited and are the most difficult to diagnose. Research to identify causes or develop prevention and early detection strategies is extremely challenging. Anal cancer is an example of a rare cancer, with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection being the most important risk factor associated. In the early stages, anal cancer does not exhibit evident symptoms. This disease is diagnosed by means of anoscopy, which diagnoses some cases of early cancer; nevertheless, sensitivity of this test ranges between 47 and 89%. Therefore, the development of new, effective, and evidence-based screening methodologies for the early detection of rare cancers is of great relevance. In this study, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has been explored as a sensitive, nondestructive, and inexpensive analytical method for developing disease screening platforms in serum. Spectral differences were found in the regions of 1700-1100 and 1700-1400 cm-1 between the control group and the anal cancer group related to the presence of proteins and nucleic acids. The chemometric analysis presented differences in the spectral fingerprints for both spectral regions with a high sensitivity ranging from 95.2 to 99.9% and a specificity ranging from 99.2 to 100%. This is the first step that we report for a methodology that is fast, nondestructive, and easy to perform, and the high sensitivity and specificity of the method are the basis for extensive research studies to implement these technologies in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Eugenia Alcántara-Quintana
- Unidad de Innovación en Diagnóstico Celular y Molecular, Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis, Potosí Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a sección, 78120San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Carlos Miguel López-Mendoza
- Unidad de Innovación en Diagnóstico Celular y Molecular, Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis, Potosí Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a sección, 78120San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico Av. Erick Paolo Martínez S/N, Magisterial, 17 de Octubre, 77039Chetumal, Q.R., México
| | - Nahum Medellín-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8 Colonia Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí, SLP78290, México
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081Ulm, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077Ulm, Germany
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, 78210Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, 78210Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Vanessa Sarahí Galván-Romero
- Unidad de Innovación en Diagnóstico Celular y Molecular, Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis, Potosí Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a sección, 78120San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- LABINNOVA Inc., Research Center for Early Diseases Screening, Susana Gómez Palafox, No. 5505, Colonia Paseos del Sol, 45079Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Passive Immunization with a Single Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Protects against Cutaneous and Mucosal Mouse Papillomavirus Infections. J Virol 2022; 96:e0070322. [PMID: 35920658 PMCID: PMC9400481 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00703-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established a mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) model that induces both cutaneous and mucosal infections and cancers. In the current study, we use this model to test our hypothesis that passive immunization using a single neutralizing monoclonal antibody can protect both cutaneous and mucosal sites at different time points after viral inoculation. We conducted a series of experiments involving the administration of either a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, MPV.A4, or control monoclonal antibodies to both outbred and inbred athymic mice. Three clinically relevant mucosal sites (lower genital tract for females and anus and tongue for both males and females) and two cutaneous sites (muzzle and tail) were tested. At the termination of the experiments, all tested tissues were harvested for virological analyses. Significantly lower levels of viral signals were detected in the MPV.A4-treated female mice up to 6 h post-viral inoculation compared to those in the isotype control. Interestingly, males displayed partial protection when they received MPV.A4 at the time of viral inoculation, even though they were completely protected when receiving MPV.A4 at 24 h before viral inoculation. We detected MPV.A4 in the blood starting at 1 h and up to 8 weeks postadministration in some mice. Parallel to these in vivo studies, we conducted in vitro neutralization using a mouse keratinocyte cell line and observed complete neutralization up to 8 h post-viral inoculation. Thus, passive immunization with a monoclonal neutralizing antibody can protect against papillomavirus infection at both cutaneous and mucosal sites and is time dependent. IMPORTANCE This is the first study testing a single monoclonal neutralizing antibody (MPV.A4) by passive immunization against papillomavirus infections at both cutaneous and mucosal sites in the same host in the mouse papillomavirus model. We demonstrated that MPV.A4 administered before viral inoculation can protect both male and female athymic mice against MmuPV1 infections at cutaneous and mucosal sites. MPV.A4 also offers partial protection at 6 h post-viral inoculation in female mice. MPV.A4 can be detected in the blood from 1 h to 8 weeks after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Interestingly, males were only partially protected when they received MPV.A4 at the time of viral inoculation. The failed protection in males was due to the absence of neutralizing MPV.A4 at the infected sites. Our findings suggest passive immunization with a single monoclonal neutralizing antibody can protect against diverse papillomavirus infections in a time-dependent manner in mice.
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Zupancic M, Holzhauser S, Cheng L, Ramqvist T, Du J, Friesland S, Näsman A, Dalianis T. Analysis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Polyomaviruses (HPyVs) in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC) of the Head and Neck Region Reveals Three HPV-Positive Cases with Adenoid Cystic-like Features. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051040. [PMID: 35632780 PMCID: PMC9144058 DOI: 10.3390/v14051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An aetiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and/or human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) has been proposed in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). Moreover, HPV-related multiphenotypic carcinoma (HMSC) was recently introduced as an emerging entity of the sinonasal region. Here, we primarily want to study the role of HPV/HPyV in a large AdCC cohort and, secondly, possibly identify and characterize HMSC. Tumour DNA from 68 patients initially diagnosed with AdCC between 2000 and 2012 was, therefore, tested for 27 HPV types and 10 HPyVs. HPV DNA-positive samples were micromorphologically re-evaluated, further stained for p16INK4a, S100, p63 and CD117 and tested for the presence of the MYB-NFIB fusion transcript. Notably, no samples were HPyV-positive, while one sinonasal and two tonsillar carcinomas were HPV- and p16-positive. After re-evaluating the micromorphology, immunohistochemistry and presence of fusion transcripts, all tumours had the same appearance and fitted within the diagnosis of HMSC, but in all these three cases, the morphology of the HMSC and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma was overlapping. We conclude that HPV and HPyV have no major role in AdCC. However, based on our data, we also suggest that HMSC should be considered as a basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma, and not its own entity, until better characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zupancic
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
- Department of Head-, Neck-, Lung- and Skin Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Holzhauser
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Liquin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour Biology and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour Biology and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Signe Friesland
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
- Department of Head-, Neck-, Lung- and Skin Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.Z.); (S.H.); (T.R.); (S.F.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Purzycka-Bohdan D, Nowicki RJ, Herms F, Casanova JL, Fouéré S, Béziat V. The Pathogenesis of Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor): An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4547. [PMID: 35562936 PMCID: PMC9100137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a rare disease of the anogenital region. BLT is considered a locally aggressive tumor of benign histological appearance, but with the potential for destructive growth and high recurrence rates. BLT development is strongly associated with infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mostly HPV-6 and -11. Immunity to HPVs plays a crucial role in the natural control of various HPV-induced lesions. Large condyloma acuminata are frequently reported in patients with primary (e.g., DOCK8 or SPINK5 deficiencies) and secondary (e.g., AIDS, solid organ transplantation) immune defects. Individuals with extensive anogenital warts, including BLT in particular, should therefore be tested for inherited or acquired immunodeficiency. Research into the genetic basis of unexplained cases is warranted. An understanding of the etiology of BLT would lead to improvements in its management. This review focuses on the role of underlying HPV infections, and human genetic and immunological determinants of BLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Florian Herms
- Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université de Paris, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; (F.H.); (S.F.)
- Centre for Genital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France;
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sébastien Fouéré
- Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université de Paris, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; (F.H.); (S.F.)
- Centre for Genital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France;
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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13
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An JS, Moon JH, Kim C, No JK, Eun YG, Chang Lim Y. Integrin alpha 6 as a stemness driver is a novel promising target for HPV (+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112815. [PMID: 34496296 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection have recently been on the rise, the underlying mechanism of its tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether HNSCC cells with high expression of integrin alpha 6 (ITGα6), one of the HPV receptors, have a preference during HPV infection. In addition, we examined the gain or loss of function of the ITGα6 gene in HPV + ve HNSCC cells, as well as its prognostic value in patients with HNSCC. HPV pseudovirus was found to be more infective, with HNSCC cells featuring an overexpressed ITGα6 gene compared to the control cells. Overexpression and suppression of ITGα6 respectively increases and decreases stemness phenotypes of HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Furthermore, ITGα6 can regulate stemness by partially mediating AKT pathway in HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Finally, patients with HPV + ve HNSCC had a poor prognosis in cases of elevated ITGα6 expression; however, the expression levels of ITGα6 did not influence the survival rates of HPV-negative HNSCC patients. In conclusion, ITGα6 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for HPV + ve HNSCC cancer-like stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seol An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chayeon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung No
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Arroyo Mühr LS, Hultin E, Dillner J. Transcription of human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancers of the immunosuppressed. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1341-1347. [PMID: 33990956 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has a greatly increased incidence among the immunosuppressed and the DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) is commonly found in these tumors. To investigate if there are any actively transcribed HPV infections in these tumors, we identified all skin cancers diagnosed after solid organ transplantation in Sweden during 1964-2011 (n = 7614 NMSCs) and requested the diagnostic tumor blocks from the corresponding pathology archives. For the present study, we selected diagnostic specimens from 345 NMSC and performed whole genome transcriptome analysis using NovaSeq (Illumina), in comparison with three cervical cancers. Although we obtained an abundance of high-quality paired reads per sample (median of 35 million reads), only 15 NMSC specimens contained HPV transcription. Three specimens had transcription of oncogenic anogenital HPVs (HPV16 and 56), six tumors had transcription of HPVs from the beta-2 species (three HPV38, two with HPV23 and one with HPV107) and then there was one observation each of transcription of HPVs 3, 26, 57, 147, 158, 168 and of two nonestablished HPV types belonging to the gamma genus. In conclusion, transcription of specific HPV types can be found in NMSC among the immunosuppressed, but this is not common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Hultin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Chumduri C, Turco MY. Organoids of the female reproductive tract. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:531-553. [PMID: 33580825 PMCID: PMC8026429 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina-facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Effectiveness of the Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Preventing Anal ≥ HSILs in a Spanish Population of HIV+ MSM Aged > 26 Years. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020144. [PMID: 33498165 PMCID: PMC7908967 DOI: 10.3390/v13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent virus-related non-AIDS-defining neoplasia among HIV-infected individuals, especially MSM. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effectiveness of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine to prevent anal ≥ high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (≥HSILs), external ano-genital lesions (EAGLs), and infection by qHPV vaccine genotypes in HIV+ MSM, and to study the immunogenicity of the vaccine and risk factors for ≥ HSILs. This study is nested within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the qHPV vaccine, which enrolled participants between May 2012 and May 2014, with a 48-month follow-up. A vaccine or placebo was administered at 0, 2, and 6 months, and vaccine antibody titers were evaluated at 7, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Data were gathered at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months on sexual habits, CD4/CD8 cell/counts, HIV viral load, and the results of cytology (Thin Prep® Pap Test), HPV PCR genotyping (Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test), and high-resolution anoscopy (Zeiss 150 fc© colposcope). The study included 129 patients (mean age of 38.8 years, 40 [31%] with a history of AIDS, 119 [92.2%] receiving ART, and 4 [3.3%] with virological failure), 66 (51.2%) in vaccine arm and 63 (48.4%) in placebo arm. The vaccine and placebo groups did not differ in ≥ HSILs (14.1 vs. 13.1%, respectively, p = 0.98) or EAGL (11.1 vs. 6.8%, p = 0.4) rates during follow-up; however, a protective effect against HPV 6 was observed during the first year of follow-up in the vaccine versus placebo group (7.5% vs. 23.4%; p = 0.047). A between-arm difference (p = 0.0001) in antibodies against qHPV vaccine genotypes was observed at 7 months (76.9% in vaccine arm vs. 30.2% in placebo arm), 12 months (68.1% vs. 26.5%), 24 months (75% vs. 32.5%), 36 months (90% vs. 24.4%), and 48 months (87.2% vs. 30%). Finally, the factor associated with the risk of anal ≥ HSIL onset during the four-year follow-up was the receipt of the last dose of the vaccine less than 6 months earlier in comparison to those vaccinated for a longer period (82.4% vs. 17.6% (OR 0.869 [95% CI, 0.825-0.917]). Vaccine and placebo arms did not significantly differ in ≥ HSIL or EAGL rates or in protection against infection by HPV genotype vaccine except for HPV6 at 12 months after the first dose. A long-lasting immune response was observed in almost all the vaccinated men. The main protective factor against ≥ HSIL was to have completed the vaccination regimen more than 6 months earlier.
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17
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Time trends in the incidence and survival of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma and high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark - A nationwide population-based study. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:734-739. [PMID: 32571683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe trends in incidence of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Denmark. For vaginal SCC, we also examine 5-year relative survival and mortality. METHODS All high-grade VaIN cases diagnosed 1997-2017 and vaginal SCCs during 1978-2017 were identified in two high-quality nationwide registers. Age-standardized incidence rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were assessed. For vaginal SCC, 5-year relative survival was calculated, and Cox regression was applied to study the effect of selected characteristics on mortality. RESULTS Altogether, 831 cases of high-grade VaIN and 721 vaginal SCCs were identified. The age-standardized incidence rate of high-grade VaIN showed no clear trend over time. However, when we stratified by age and divided the study period according to HPV vaccine licensure in Denmark (2006), the incidence of high-grade VaIN decreased significantly by 15.6% per year (95% CI: -23.2, -7.3%) after 2007 onwards among the youngest women (<30 years). For vaginal SCC, the incidence decreased from 0.5 (1978-1982) to 0.3 (2013-2017) per 100,000 woman-years. The 5-year relative survival improved over time and was 67.9% (95% CI: 54.9, 84.1%) in the most recent time period. Mortality was significantly associated with calendar year, age, and stage at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The overall incidence of high-grade VaIN showed no clear trend over time, but a significant decline was observed in women younger than 30 years after HPV vaccine licensure. The incidence of vaginal SCC was reduced by approximately 50% and survival after vaginal SCC improved over time.
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Sharma P, Gautam SD, Rajendra S. Importance of investigating high-risk human papillomavirus in lymph node metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2729-2739. [PMID: 32550750 PMCID: PMC7284187 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus has been suggested as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tumor human papillomavirus status has been reported to confer a favorable prognosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma. The size of the primary tumor and degree of lymphatic spread determines the prognosis of esophageal carcinomas. Lymph node status has been found to be a predictor of recurrent disease as well as 5-year survival in esophageal malignancies. In human papillomavirus driven cancers, e.g. cervical, anogenital, head and neck cancers, associated lymph nodes with a high viral load suggest metastatic lymph node involvement. Thus, human papillomavirus could potentially be useful as a marker of micro-metastases. To date, there have been no reported studies regarding human papillomavirus involvement in lymph nodes of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. This review highlights the importance of investigating human papillomavirus in lymph node metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma based on data derived from other human papillomavirus driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shweta Dutta Gautam
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
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Nasioutziki M, Chatzistamatiou K, Loufopoulos PD, Vavoulidis E, Tsampazis N, Pratilas GC, Liberis A, Karpa V, Parcharidis E, Daniilidis A, Spanos K, Dinas K. Cervical, anal and oral HPV detection and HPV type concordance among women referred for colposcopy. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:22. [PMID: 32318115 PMCID: PMC7160926 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause benign and malignant tumours in the anogenital tract and the oropharynx both in men and women. The aim of the presented study was to investigate cervical, anal, and oral HPV-detection rates among women referred to colposcopy for abnormal Cervical Cancer (CaCx) screening results and assess the concordance of HPV-types among these anatomical sites. METHODS Women referred to colposcopy at a single centre due to abnormal cytology, conducted for CaCx screening, were subjected to cervical Liquid-based Cytology (LBC) smear testing, anal and oral sampling. Routine colposcopy consisted in multiple biopsies and/or Endocervical Curettage (ECC). HPV-detection was performed by PCR genotyping in all three anatomical sites. In high-risk (hr) HPV-DNA positive samples either from anal canal or oral cavity, anal LBC cytology and anoscopy were performed, or oral cavity examination respectively. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis of HPV-detection rates and phi-coefficient for the determination of HPV-positivity concordance between the anatomical sites. RESULTS Out of 118 referred women, hr. HPV-DNA was detected in 65 (55.1%), 64 (54.2%) and 3 (2.5%) at cervix, anal canal and oral cavity respectively while low-risk HPV-DNA was detected in 14 (11.9%) and 11 (9.3%) at cervix and anal canal respectively. The phi-coefficient for cervix/anal canal was 0.392 for HPV16, 0.658 for HPV31, 0.758 for HPV33, - 0.12 for HPV45, 0.415 for HPV52 and 0.473 for HPV58. All values were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that most HPV-types, high-risk and low-risk, detected in the cervix of women with prevalent cervical dysplasia, correlate with the ones detected in their anal canal. This particularly applies for the HPV-types included in the nonavalent HPV-vaccine (HPVs 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nasioutziki
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kimon Chatzistamatiou
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Dimitrios Loufopoulos
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Anal & Colorectal Clinic, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsampazis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George-Chrysostomos Pratilas
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Liberis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karpa
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanggelos Parcharidis
- Stomatology Clinic, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spanos
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Anal & Colorectal Clinic, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Leeman A, Jenkins D, Marra E, van Zummeren M, Pirog E, van de Sandt M, van Eeden A, Schim van der Loeff M, Doorbar J, de Vries H, van Kemenade F, Meijer C, Quint W. Grading immunohistochemical markers p16 INK4a and HPV E4 identifies productive and transforming lesions caused by low- and high-risk HPV within high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1026-1033. [PMID: 31302935 PMCID: PMC7187351 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because current guidelines recognise high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and low-grade SILs (LSILs), and recommend treatment of all HSILs although not all progress to cancer, this study aims to distinguish transforming and productive HSILs by grading immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers p16INK 4a (p16) and E4 in low-risk human papillomavirus (lrHPV) and high-risk (hr)HPV-associated SILs as a potential basis for more selective treatment. METHODS Immunostaining for p16 and HPV E4 was performed and graded in 183 biopsies from 108 HIV-positive men who have sex with men. The causative HPV genotype of the worst lesion was identified using the HPV SPF10-PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 version 1 system, with laser capture microdissection for multiple infections. The worst lesions were scored for p16 (0-4) to identify activity of the hrHPV E7 gene, and panHPV E4 (0-2) to mark HPV production and life cycle completion. RESULTS There were 37 normal biopsies, 60 LSILs and 86 HSILs, with 85% of LSILs caused by lrHPV and 93% of HSILs by hrHPV. No normal biopsy showed E4, but 43% of LSILs and 37% of HSILs were E4 positive. No differences in E4 positivity rates were found between lrHPV and hrHPV lesions. Most of the lesions caused by lrHPV (90%) showed very extensive patchy p16 staining; p16 grade in HSILs was variable, with frequency of productive HPV infection dropping with increasing p16 grade. CONCLUSIONS Combined p16/E4 IHC identifies productive and nonproductive HSILs associated with hrHPV within the group of HSILs defined by the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology recommendations. This opens the possibility of investigating selective treatment of advanced transforming HSILs caused by hrHPV, and a 'wait and see' policy for productive HSILs. What's already known about this topic? For preventing anal cancer in high-risk populations, all patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are treated, even though this group of lesions is heterogeneous, the histology is variable and regression is frequent. What does this study add? By adding human papillomavirus (HPV) E4 immunohistochemistry to p16 INK4a (p16), and grading expression of both markers, different biomarker expression patterns that reflect the heterogeneity of HSILs can be identified. Moreover, p16/E4 staining can separate high-risk HPV-associated HSILs into productive and more advanced transforming lesions, providing a potential basis for selective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Leeman
- DDL Diagnostic LaboratoryVisseringlaan 252288 ERRijswijkthe Netherlands
| | - D. Jenkins
- DDL Diagnostic LaboratoryVisseringlaan 252288 ERRijswijkthe Netherlands
| | - E. Marra
- Public Health Service of AmsterdamDepartment of Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M. van Zummeren
- Cancer Center AmsterdamDepartment of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - E.C. Pirog
- Department of PathologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYU.S.A
| | - M.M. van de Sandt
- DDL Diagnostic LaboratoryVisseringlaan 252288 ERRijswijkthe Netherlands
| | - A. van Eeden
- Department of Internal MedicineDC KliniekenAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - J. Doorbar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeU.K
| | - H.J.C. de Vries
- Public Health Service of AmsterdamDepartment of Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of DermatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II)Amsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - F.J. van Kemenade
- Erasmus MC University Medical CenterDepartment of PathologyRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - C.J.L.M. Meijer
- Cancer Center AmsterdamDepartment of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - W.G.V. Quint
- DDL Diagnostic LaboratoryVisseringlaan 252288 ERRijswijkthe Netherlands
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Expression of β-Defensin-1 and 2 in HPV-Induced Epithelial Lesions. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
α, β, θ defensins represent a family of small antimicrobial peptides expressed predominantly by a series of cells, including neutrophils, monocytes-macrophages and epithelial cells that are involved in defense mechanisms against viral infections. β-defensins are the most widespread in this family being encountered in oral, digestive, urogenital mucosa and cutaneous lesions. β-defensins directly inactivate certain viruses, including the human papillomavirus(HPV) suppressing viral replication by altering target cells. Considering these aspects, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of β-defensin-1 and 2 in HPV-induced epithelial lesions. For this study, tumoral and normal mucosal tissue fragments were collected from 10 patients aged between 31-60years, with previously confirmed HPV infection, diagnosed clinically and histopathologically with cervical carcinoma. Patients did not receive any chemotherapy or radiotherapy before the biopsy procedure. The tissue fragments were processed by the standard immunohistochemistry technique using anti-β-defensin-1 and 2 antibodies(Bioss Antibodies). The samples examination revealed weak positive(+) membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear IR for hβD-1 in basal layer of normal cervical mucosa and moderate positive(++) membrane and cytoplasmic IR in squamous epithelium. For dysplastic HPV-associated tissues we highlighted a nuclear moderate positive(++) IR.For hβD-2, IR in basal layer of the normal mucosa was lower(+) compared with dysplastic cells IR and showed a strong expression(+++) at membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear level in koilocytes of patients with HPV-associated dysplasia. It was also observed a moderate positive (++) IR in basal layer of dysplastic cells of patients without HPV. The obtained results are in agreement with some literature data, which highlighted the fact that hβD-1 and hβD-2 are very important components of the molecular pattern in HPV-induced lesions.
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Bertoli HK, Thomsen LT, Iftner T, Dehlendorff C, Kjær SK. Risk of vulvar, vaginal and anal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer according to cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) status: A population-based prospective cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:456-462. [PMID: 32008794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All cervical cancers and some vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers are caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). However, little is known about the association between cervical HPV infection and subsequent intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer at other anogenital sites. In this prospective cohort study, we estimated the risk of vulvar, vaginal and anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or cancer (VIN2+, VaIN2+, AIN2+) according to cervical hrHPV status. METHODS Liquid-based cervical cytology samples were collected from 40,399 women screened against cervical cancer in Copenhagen, Denmark, during 2002-2005. Samples were tested for hrHPV using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and genotyped using INNO-LiPA. We linked the cohort with Danish nationwide registries to identify cases of VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+ during up to 15 years of follow-up. We estimated age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression and cumulative incidences using Aalen-Johansen's estimator. RESULTS Women with cervical HPV16 infection had increased hazard of VIN2+ (HR = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.5), VaIN2+ (HR = 23.5; 95% CI, 6.8-81.6) and AIN2+ (HR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1-12.2) compared with HC2 negative women. Women with other hrHPV types than HPV16 also had increased hazard of VaIN2+ (HR = 7.1; 95% CI, 2.3-22.3) and a borderline statistically significantly increased risk of AIN2+ (HR = 2.2; 95% CI, 0.9-4.9) compared with HC2 negative women. The 10-year cumulative incidences of VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+ in women with cervical HPV16 were 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.7%), 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.5%) and 0.1% (95 CI, 0.0%-0.4%). CONCLUSIONS Cervical HPV16 infection is associated with increased risk of VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kristina Bertoli
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise T Thomsen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjær
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bleyer A, Spreafico F, Barr R. Prostate cancer in young men: An emerging young adult and older adolescent challenge. Cancer 2019; 126:46-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archie Bleyer
- Oregon Health and Science Center Portland Oregon
- McGovern Medical School University of Texas Houston Texas
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Pediatric Oncology Unit Foundation IRCCS National Cancer Institute Milan Italy
| | - Ronald Barr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology McMaster University and McMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Dias-Polak D, Kra-Oz Z, Szwarcwort-Cohen M, Barzilai A, Bergman R. A Case of Oral Florid Papillomatosis (Verrucous Carcinoma) With Lack of Evidence for Human Papillomavirus Involvement. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:617-619. [PMID: 31335422 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Dias-Polak
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zipi Kra-Oz
- Laboratory of Virology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Szwarcwort-Cohen
- Laboratory of Virology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Reuven Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Impact of Taurine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells and its mechanism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:948-956. [PMID: 30958437 PMCID: PMC6595772 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer has the fourth highest incidence and mortality rate of all cancers in women worldwide; it seriously harms their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to observe the roles and preliminary mechanism of Taurine (Tau)-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. METHODS Cells from the human cervical cancer cell line SiHa were transfected with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-MST1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1); then, the cell proliferation activity was analyzed by the MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels by Western blotting. RESULTS Tau inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells and induced apoptosis in these cells (the apoptotic rate was 21.95% in the Tau 160 mmol/L group and 30% in the Tau 320 mmol/L group), upregulated the expression of the MST1 (control, 0.53; Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.84-1.45) and Bax (control, 0.45; Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.64-1.51) proteins (P < 0.01), and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 (control, 1.28, Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.93-0.47) (P < 0.01). The overexpression of MST1 promoted the apoptosis of SiHa cells, enhanced the apoptosis-inductive effects of Tau (P < 0.01), upregulated the expression of the proapoptotic proteins p73, p53, PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and caspase-3, and promoted the phosphorylation of YAP (Yes-associated protein). CONCLUSIONS Tau inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of cervical cancer SiHa cells. The MST1 protein plays an important role in the Tau-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.
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Hirth JM, Kuo YF, Starkey JM, Rupp RE, Laz TH, Rahman M, Berenson AB. Regional variations in human papillomavirus prevalence across time in NHANES (2003-2014). Vaccine 2019; 37:4040-4046. [PMID: 31182324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consequences of low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Census regions with higher incidence of cervical cancer may contribute to continued disparities. Our purpose was to evaluate regional variations in HPV prevalence across time. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2014 were examined. Participants included females 14 to 34 years old who provided adequate vaginal samples for HPV DNA typing (N = 6387). Region of residence and HPV vaccination status associations with HPV prevalence were examined using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression. HPV types were grouped according to vaccine-type HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) and risk (high or low-risk). Time and vaccination status were included in subsequent models for post-licensure survey cycles (2007-2014) to assess their effects on observed associations. RESULTS No decreases in vaccine-type HPV prevalence were found between the prevaccine cycles (2003-2006) and early post-licensure cycles (2007-2010, p > 0.05). Vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased in late post-licensure years (2011-2014) compared to prevaccine years (2003-2006, p = 0.001). The highest prevalence of vaccine-type HPV occurred in the South (8.6%) and Midwest (8.6%), followed by the West (4.8%), and the Northeast (3.5%) in late post-licensure years. Lower odds of vaccine-type HPV across time in post-licensure survey cycles were found to be attributable to time, and more strongly to HPV vaccination. CONCLUSIONS There were regional variations in vaccine-type HPV prevalence between prevaccine and post-licensure years. These decreases appeared to be at least partially attributable to HPV vaccination. Programs are needed to address geographical disparities in HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Hirth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Starkey
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Richard E Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tabassum H Laz
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abbey B Berenson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Dias MC, Stuqui B, Provazzi PJS, Bittar C, Candido NM, de Matos RPA, Badial RM, do Bonfim CM, Melli PPDS, Quintana SM, Cordeiro JA, Rahal P, Calmon MDF. Analysis of Nucleotide Alterations in the E6 Genomic Region of Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 in Condyloma Acuminatum Samples from Brazil. Adv Virol 2019; 2019:5697573. [PMID: 31186642 PMCID: PMC6521423 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5697573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA), or genital warts, are benign proliferative epidermal or mucous lesions that are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly the low-risk types 6 and 11. HPV variants are defined as viral sequences that share identity in the nucleotide sequence of the L1 gene greater than 98%. Based on this criterion, HPV6 and 11 variant lineages have been studied, and there are ongoing attempts to correlate these genetic variants with different clinical findings of infection. Therefore, the aims of this study were to detect variants and nucleotide alterations present in the E6 regions of HPV types 6 and 11 found in CA samples, to correlate the HPV presence with the clinical-pathological data of the patients, and to determine phylogenetic relationships with variants from other places in the world. The E6 regions of 25 HPV6 samples and 7 HPV11 samples from CA were amplified using PCR with specific primers. The products were ligated to a cloning vector and five colonies of each sample were sequenced to observe the nucleotide alterations. Twelve samples were identified as the HPV6B3 variant, presenting the mutation (guanine) G474A (adenine), and one of them also showed the mutation (thymine) T369G. The other 13 patients were positive for HPV6B1 without nucleotide alterations. In the analysis of the HPV11 samples, all patients showed the mutations T137C and (cytosine) C380T. One patient also presented the nucleotide alteration T410C. None of the mutations found in the 32 analyzed samples resulted in amino acid changes. Patient age, local occurrence, and HIV infection did not show significant association with HPV infection. Besides, the data found in this study did not show a relationship with the geographical region of isolation when compared to other data from different regions of the world. In this way, despite the nucleotide alterations found, it was not possible to observe amino acid changes and variants grouping according to geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Carrara Dias
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Stuqui
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Jocelan Scarin Provazzi
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Maria Candido
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Prandini Adum de Matos
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Miglioli Badial
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Measso do Bonfim
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Santos JMO, Peixoto da Silva S, Costa NR, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Metastatic Process of High-Risk HPV-Induced Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120493. [PMID: 30563114 PMCID: PMC6316057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cancers represent a major health concern worldwide. Despite the constant effort to develop and promote vaccination against HPVs, there is still a high percentage of non-vaccinated population. Furthermore, secondary prevention programs are not ubiquitous worldwide and not widely followed. Metastatic disease is the cause of the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, making it essential to determine its underlying mechanisms and to identify actionable anti-metastatic targets. Within certain types of cancer (e.g., head and neck), HPV-positive tumors show different dissemination patterns when compared with their HPV-negative counterparts, implicating HPV-related factors in the metastatic process. Among the many groups of biomolecules dysregulated by HPV, microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of carcinogenesis, able to control complex processes like cancer metastization. In this review, we present recent data on the role of microRNAs in the metastization of HPV-related cancers and on their possible clinical relevance as biomarkers of metastatic disease and/or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália R Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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Hirth J, McGrath CJ, Kuo YF, Rupp RE, Starkey JM, Berenson AB. Impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on racial/ethnic disparities in vaccine-type human papillomavirus prevalence among 14-26 year old females in the U.S. Vaccine 2018; 36:7682-7688. [PMID: 30377066 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates early after introduction, particularly among low income and minority adolescents, may have resulted in disparities in vaccine-type HPV prevalence (types 6, 11, 16, 18). The purpose of this study was to examine racial/ethnic variations in HPV prevalence, and evaluate how HPV vaccination has affected vaccine-type HPV prevalence across time. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of 6 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2003-2014). Results on HPV status from vaginal samples of 14-26 year old females who responded about HPV vaccination were used to determine HPV prevalence. Prevaccine HPV prevalence was compared to post-licensure prevalence. Racial/ethnic comparisons were made across time, and models were developed to examine the role of HPV vaccination in observed variations for vaccine-type HPV prevalence. RESULTS Among 4080 females, 29.7% were black, 25.6% were Mexican American, 8.9% were Hispanic, and 35.8% were white. Compared to prevaccine years (2003-2006), vaccine-type HPV did not decrease until late post-licensure years (2011-2014; 14.2% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001). Most of the decrease occurred among white females between prevaccine and late post-licensure periods (15.2% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001). Although a decrease in prevalence was observed among black females during the same periods (16.9% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.05), it was not as large as among white females. Prevalence decreased among Mexican Americans (8.2 vs. 4.0, p > 0.05) during the same periods, but the difference was not significant. Interactions between race and time were significant (p < 0.001), with uneven vaccination between black and white females contributing to the disparities observed. CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination was low in among black and Mexican American females, which contributed to disparities in HPV prevalence. Increasing vaccination among all adolescents, particularly 11-12 year olds, is important because most children this age will not have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hirth
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555 United States.
| | - Christine J McGrath
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Office of Biostatistics, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Richard E Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Starkey
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Abbey B Berenson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Zhang Q, Xu P, Lu Y, Dou H. Correlation of MACC1/c-Myc Expression in Endometrial Carcinoma with Clinical/Pathological Features or Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4738-4744. [PMID: 29984790 PMCID: PMC6069412 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a type of female reproductive malignant tumor, the incidence of which is generally 20~30%. Multiple factors and genes are involved in the regulation of EC occurrence and progression. This study aimed to measure the expressions of MACC1 and c-Myc in EC patients to analyze their correlation with pathological features of EC. Material/Methods A total of 60 EC patients were recruited in the experimental group, while another cohort of 30 people with endometrial inflammatory hyperplasia was enrolled in the control group. The levels of serum MACC1 and c-Myc were measured by ELISA, and the protein expressions in EC cancer tissues, tumor-adjacent tissues, and controlled endometrial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between gene expression and clinical/pathological features was then determined. Results Our data indicate that the level of serum MACC1 and c-Myc in the experimental group was 1.67±0.08 ng/ml and 1.78±0.07 ng/ml, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found among levels of serum MACC1 or c-Myc at different TNM stages (p>0.05). In cancer tissues, the positive rate of MACC1 or c-Myc was 73.3% and 78.3%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in adjacent or control tissues (p<0.05). MACC1/c-Myc expression was correlated with TNM stage, primary infiltration grade, lymph node metastasis, and distal metastasis (p<0.05). Conclusions MACC1 and c-Myc are highly expressed in serum and tumor tissues of EC patients. Both are correlated with TNM stage, primary infiltration, and lymph node or distal metastasis, which provides a scientific basis for the development of new biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital of Zibo in Shandong, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of ZhangQiu in Shandong Province, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Ward, People's Hospital of Linyi City, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongtao Dou
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital of Zibo in Shandong, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Mbulawa ZZA, Wilkin T, Goeieman BJ, Jong E, Michelow P, Swarts A, Smith JS, Kegorilwe P, Firnhaber CS, Williamson AL. Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Performance of Cepheid Xpert and Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) HPV Assays in South African HIV-Infected Women. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 148:148-153. [PMID: 28898982 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated anal high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence in HIV-infected women using the Cepheid Xpert HPV assay and compares its performance with that of Hybrid Capture-2 (hc2). METHODS A total of 199 HIV-infected women were recruited from Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg. Stored ThinPrep anal swabs that had previously been tested using hc2 were tested for HPV using Xpert. RESULTS The HR-HPV prevalence by Xpert was 40.8% and similar to hc2 (41.8%) with overall agreement of 86.7%; Cohen's kappa 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.82). High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was associated with increasing number of multiple HPV infection (P < .001). Xpert and hc2 were similarly sensitive (77.4% and 77.4%, respectively) and specific (66.1% and 64.8% respectively) for HSIL detection. HPV16 (OR: 14.0, 95% CI: 3.9-48.0, P < .0001), HPV39/68/56/66 (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.4-12, P = .01) and HPV51/59 (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.6, P = .04) were independently associated with anal HSIL. CONCLUSIONS Xpert HPV typing is a promising anal screening test in HIV-infected women that performs similarly to hc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa
- From the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Disease, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy Wilkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Eefje Jong
- Julius Clinical Research, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Michelow
- Cytology Unit, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Avril Swarts
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer S. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; and
| | | | - Cynthia S. Firnhaber
- Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- From the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Ramírez-Taboada J, Gil-Anguita C, Esquivias J, Omar-Mohamed-Balgahata M, SamPedro A, Lopez-Ruz M, Pasquau J. Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine in HIV-positive Spanish men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Res Ther 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 28720147 PMCID: PMC5516305 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-017-0160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine were evaluated in HIV-positive Spanish MSM. The prevalence of High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) and genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) were also determined, as well as risk factors associated with the presence of HR-HPV in anal mucosa. Methods This is a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. The study enrolled from May 2012 to May 2014. Vaccine and placebo were administered at 0, 2 and 6 months (V1, V2, V3 clinical visits). Vaccine antibody titres were evaluated at 7 months. Cytology (Thin Prep® Pap Test), HPV PCR genotyping (Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test), and high-resolution anoscopy (Zeiss 150 fc© colposcope) were performed at V1. Results Patients (n = 162; mean age 37.9 years) were screened for inclusion; 14.2% had HSIL, 73.1% HR-HPV and 4.5% simultaneous infection with HPV16 and 18. Study participants (n = 129) were randomized to qHPV vaccine or placebo. The most common adverse event was injection-site pain predominating in the placebo group [the first dose (83.6% vs. 56.1%; p = 0.0001]; the second dose (87.8% vs. 98.4%; p = 0.0001); the third dose (67.7% vs. 91.9%; p = 0.0001). The vaccine did not influence either the viral load of HIV or the levels of CD4. Of those vaccinated, 76% had antibodies to HPV vs. 30.2% of those receiving placebo (p = 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, Older age was associated with lower HR-HPV infection (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.99), and risk factor were viral load of HIV >200 copies/µL (RR 1.42 95% CI 1.17–1.73) and early commencement of sexual activity (RR 1.35; 95% CI 1.001–1.811). Conclusions This trial showed significantly higher anti-HR-HPV antibody titres in vaccinated individuals than in unvaccinated controls. There were no serious adverse events attributable to the vaccine. In our cohort, 1 of every 7 patients had HSIL and the prevalence of combined infection by genotypes 16 and 18 was low. This suggests that patients could benefit from receiving qHPV vaccine. Older age was the main protective factor against HR-HPV infection, and non-suppressed HIV viremia was a risk factor. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN14732216 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14732216).
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Bagella P, Fiore V, Caruana G, Ortu S, Babudieri S, Madeddu G. Human Papilloma Virus Infections in Men: Focus on Vaccination and Treatment Options. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-017-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li LL, Wang HR, Zhou ZY, Luo J, Xiao XQ, Wang XL, Li JT, Zhou YB, Zeng Y. One-prime multi-boost strategy immunization with recombinant DNA, adenovirus, and MVA vector vaccines expressing HPV16 L1 induces potent, sustained, and specific immune response in mice. Antiviral Res 2016; 128:20-7. [PMID: 26821205 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with various human diseases, including cancer, and developing vaccines is a cost-efficient strategy to prevent HPV-related disease. The major capsid protein L1, which an increasing number of studies have confirmed is typically expressed early in infection, is a promising antigen for such a vaccine, although the E6 and E7 proteins have been characterized more extensively. Thus, the L1 gene from HPV16 was inserted into a recombinant vector, AdHu5, and MVA viral vectors, and administered by prime-boost immunization. Virus-like particles were used as control antigens. Our results indicate that prime-boost immunization with heterologous vaccines induced robust and sustained cellular and humoral response specific to HPV16 L1. In particular, sera obtained from mice immunized with DNA + DNA + Ad + MVA had excellent antitumor activity in vivo. However, the data also confirm that virus-like particles can only elicit low levels cellular immunity and not be long-lasting, and are therefore unsuitable for treatment of existing HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NO.100, YingXin Street, XiCheng District, Beijing 100032, China
| | - He-Rong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jin-Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yu-Bai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NO.100, YingXin Street, XiCheng District, Beijing 100032, China.
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Handler MZ, Handler NS, Majewski S, Schwartz RA. Human papillomavirus vaccine trials and tribulations: Clinical perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 73:743-56; quiz 757-8. [PMID: 26475534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is associated with both benign and malignant neoplasms in men and women. It is a double-stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid. Forty HPV types are known to infect mucosal keratinocytes. If not cured by the immune system, the infection can lead to genital warts, mucosal dysplasia, or cancer. The most common oncogenic types are 16 and 18. The vaccine to prevent HPV and its associated morbidity and mortality has existed since 2006. Several variations protect against an increasing number of HPV types. The recommended vaccination age is before sexual exposure; administration of the vaccine to children has been controversial. This continuing medical education review evaluates the current HPV vaccines available to clinicians. Part I focuses on the debate over who should be vaccinated, at what age, and in which populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Z Handler
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nancy S Handler
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Slawomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert A Schwartz
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Pathology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Pediatrics, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.
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de Oliveira CM, Bravo IG, Santiago e Souza NC, Genta MLND, Fregnani JHTG, Tacla M, Carvalho JP, Longatto-Filho A, Levi JE. High-level of viral genomic diversity in cervical cancers: A Brazilian study on human papillomavirus type 16. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:44-51. [PMID: 26160543 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the third most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is associated with persistent infection by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The combination of large populations of viral progeny and decades of sustained infection may allow for the generation of intra-patient diversity, in spite of the assumedly low mutation rates of PVs. While the natural history of chronic HPVs infections has been comprehensively described, within-host viral diversity remains largely unexplored. In this study we have applied next generation sequencing to the analysis of intra-host genetic diversity in ten ICC and one condyloma cases associated to single HPV16 infection. We retrieved from all cases near full-length genomic sequences. All samples analyzed contained polymorphic sites, ranging from 3 to 125 polymorphic positions per genome, and the median probability of a viral genome picked at random to be identical to the consensus sequence in the lesion was only 40%. We have also identified two independent putative duplication events in two samples, spanning the L2 and the L1 gene, respectively. Finally, we have identified with good support a chimera of human and viral DNA. We propose that viral diversity generated during HPVs chronic infection may be fueled by innate and adaptive immune pressures. Further research will be needed to understand the dynamics of viral DNA variability, differentially in benign and malignant lesions, as well as in tissues with differential intensity of immune surveillance. Finally, the impact of intralesion viral diversity on the long-term oncogenic potential may deserve closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maricy Tacla
- Gynecology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesus Paula Carvalho
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Serrano B, de Sanjosé S, Tous S, Quiros B, Muñoz N, Bosch X, Alemany L. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution for HPVs 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 in female anogenital lesions. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:1732-41. [PMID: 26121913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines can potentially control cervical cancer and help to reduce other HPV-related cancers. We aimed to estimate the relative contribution (RC) of the nine types (HPVs 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) included in the recently approved 9-valent HPV vaccine in female anogenital cancers and precancerous lesions (cervix, vulva, vagina and anus). METHODS Estimations were based on an international study designed and coordinated at the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Barcelona-Spain), including information on 10,575 invasive cervical cancer (ICC), 1709 vulvar, 408 vaginal and 329 female anal cancer cases and 587 Vulvar Intraepitelial Neoplasia grade 2/3 (VIN2/3), 189 Vaginal Intraepitelial Neoplasia grade 2/3 (VaIN2/3) and 29 Anal Intraepitelial Neoplasia grade 2/3 (AIN2/3) lesions. Consecutive histologically confirmed paraffin-embedded cases were obtained from hospital pathology archives from 48 countries worldwide. HPV DNA-detection and typing was performed by SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25 system and RC was expressed as the proportion of type-specific cases among HPV positive samples. Multiple infections were added to single infections using a proportional weighting attribution. RESULTS HPV DNA prevalence was 84.9%, 28.6%, 74.3% and 90.0% for ICC, vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers, respectively, and 86.7%, 95.8% and 100% for VIN2/3, VaIN2/3 and AIN2/3, respectively. RC of the combined nine HPV types was 89.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.8-90.1)-ICC, 87.1% (83.8-89.9)-vulvar, 85.5% (81.0-89.2)-vaginal, 95.9% (93.0-97.9)-female anal cancer, 94.1% (91.7-96.0)-VIN2/3, 78.7% (71.7-84.2)-VaIN2/3 and 86.2% (68.3-96.1)-AIN2/3. HPV16 was the most frequent type in all lesions. Variations in the RC of HPVs 31/33/45/52/58 by cancer site were observed, ranging from 7.8% (5.0-11.4)-female anal cancer to 20.5% (16.1-25.4)-vaginal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The addition of HPVs 31/33/45/52/58 to HPV types included in current vaccines (HPV16/18) could prevent almost 90% of HPV positive female anogenital lesions worldwide. Taking into account that most HPV-related cancers are ICC ones, the 9-valent HPV vaccine could potentially avoid almost 88% of all female anogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Serrano
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Tous
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Quiros
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- National Institute of Cancer, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Xavier Bosch
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Alemany
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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