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Xu N, Han X, Zhang X, Wang J, Yuan J, Wang M, Wu H, Huang F, Shi H, Yang L, Wu X. Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu decoction regulates differentiation of CD4 + T cell and prevents against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155239. [PMID: 38308917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelination disorder caused by an overactive immune response. Its pathological characteristics include CNS inflammation, white matter demyelination, glial cell proliferation, and so on. Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu Decoction (HGWD), which is recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, is used clinically for the therapy of MS, but its mechanism is still elusive. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the impact of HGWD on the classical animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and explore the underlying action mechanism. RESULTS HGWD ameliorated the pathogenesis of EAE mice, and improved their neurobehavior and pathological tissue damage. Network pharmacology predictions revealed the action mechanism of HGWD in EAE mice might be related to its effect on the immune system of mice. HGWD effectively suppressed the inflammatory infiltration in CNS, while also preventing the elevation of CD4+T cells of mice with EAE. HGWD could increase the ratio of Treg cells, up-regulate the secretion of IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA expression, inhibit the ratio of Th1 and Th17 cells, down-regulate the IFN-γ and IL-17 protein expression, as well as the RORγT and T-bet gene expression in EAE mice. In addition, HGWD-containing serum modulated Th1/Th17/Treg cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, HGWD inhibited the p-JAK1, p-JAK2, p-STAT1, p-STAT3 and p-STAT4 proteins and elevated the p-STAT5 protein in lymphoid tissues of EAE mice. CONCLUSION HGWD improved the progress of EAE by regulating the proportion of CD4+T cell subtype differentiation, which might be exerted through JAK/STAT signaling pathway, providing a pharmacological basis for the clinical treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Aslam N, Khan IU, Bashamakh A, Alghool FA, Aboulnour M, Alsuwayan NM, Alturaif RK, Brahimi S, Aljameel SS, Al Ghamdi K. Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Challenges and Opportunities. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22207856. [PMID: 36298206 PMCID: PMC9609137 DOI: 10.3390/s22207856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve problems. A total of 2.8 million are estimated to suffer from MS. Globally, a new case of MS is reported every five minutes. In this review, we discuss the proposed approaches to diagnosing MS using machine learning (ML) published between 2011 and 2022. Numerous models have been developed using different types of data, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data. We identified the methods that achieved the best results in diagnosing MS. The most implemented approaches are SVM, RF, and CNN. Moreover, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in MS diagnosis to improve AI systems to enable researchers and practitioners to enhance their approaches and improve the automated diagnosis of MS. The challenges faced by automated MS diagnosis include difficulty distinguishing the disease from other diseases showing similar symptoms, protecting the confidentiality of the patients' data, achieving reliable ML models that are also easily understood by non-experts, and the difficulty of collecting a large reliable dataset. Moreover, we discussed several opportunities in the field such as the implementation of secure platforms, employing better AI solutions, developing better disease prognosis systems, combining more than one data type for better MS prediction and using OCT data for diagnosis, utilizing larger, multi-center datasets to improve the reliability of the developed models, and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Aslam
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Bashamakh
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A. Alghool
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Menna Aboulnour
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noorah M. Alsuwayan
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawa’a K. Alturaif
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiha Brahimi
- Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh S. Aljameel
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud Al Ghamdi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Tekin S, Bir LS, Avci E, Şenol H, Tekin I, Çınkır U. Comparison of Serum Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls. Cureus 2022; 14:e26981. [PMID: 35989823 PMCID: PMC9385168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major global problem, and as its pathogenesis is understood more clearly, therapeutic options expand accordingly. The mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is a novel mitochondria-derived protein acting on metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of serum MOTS-c in the pathophysiology of the disease in MS patients and to discuss the mechanism of MOTS-c. Methodology In total, 43 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. MOTS-c, fasting blood glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid panel, and body mass index levels were assessed. Results The participants’ MOTS-c levels remained significantly lower than that of the control group, while their fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR values were higher. The multivariate logistic regression analysis established that increased MOTS-c levels could be a protective factor against the development of MS disease. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MOTS-c was calculated as 0.782 (95% confidence interval = 0.684-0.879, p = 0.0001). Conclusions This study is the first to scrutinize MOTS-c levels in MS patients. We tried to provide clinical evidence that MOTS-c could act as a highly discriminative biomarker between MS patients and control groups, which may hold great promise for future therapeutic options.
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Ajdacic-Gross V, Steinemann N, Horváth G, Rodgers S, Kaufmann M, Xu Y, Kamm CP, Kesselring J, Manjaly ZM, Zecca C, Calabrese P, Puhan MA, von Wyl V. Onset Symptom Clusters in Multiple Sclerosis: Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Risk Factors. Front Neurol 2021; 12:693440. [PMID: 34295301 PMCID: PMC8290323 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.693440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms are expected to aggregate in specific patterns across different stages of the disease. Here, we studied the clustering of onset symptoms and examined their characteristics, comorbidity patterns and associations with potential risk factors. Methods: Data stem from the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Registry, a prospective study including 2,063 participants by November 2019. MS onset symptoms were clustered using latent class analysis (LCA). The latent classes were further examined using information on socio-demographic characteristics, MS-related features, potential risk factors, and comorbid diseases. Results: The LCA model with six classes (frequencies ranging from 12 to 24%) was selected for further analyses. The latent classes comprised a multiple symptoms class with high probabilities across several symptoms, contrasting with two classes with solitary onset symptoms: vision problems and paresthesia. Two gait classes emerged between these extremes: the gait-balance class and the gait-paralysis class. The last class was the fatigue-weakness-class, also accompanied by depression symptoms, memory, and gastro-intestinal problems. There was a moderate variation by sex and by MS types. The multiple symptoms class yielded increased comorbidity with other autoimmune disorders. Similar to the fatigue-weakness class, the multiple symptoms class showed associations with angina, skin diseases, migraine, and lifetime prevalence of smoking. Mononucleosis was more frequently reported in the fatigue-weakness and the paresthesia class. Familial aggregation did not differ among the classes. Conclusions: Clustering of MS onset symptoms provides new perspectives on the heterogeneity of MS. The clusters comprise different potential risk factors and comorbidities. They point toward different risk mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Steinemann
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gábor Horváth
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Rodgers
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kaufmann
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Kamm
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocentre, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Kesselring
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Rehabilitation Centre Kliniken Valens, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Zina-Mary Manjaly
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center (MSC), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor von Wyl
- Swiss MS Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Description and preliminary experience with Virtual Visit Assessment (ViVA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, a structured virtual management protocol for patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1207-1214. [PMID: 34131815 PMCID: PMC8205205 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), strict follow-up is essential. Telemedicine has the potential to overcome many of the difficulties in routine management. Herein, we present a structured protocol that can be used to remotely manage patients with MS, describing in detail the steps to be taken and exams needed at each stage. A working group was established which developed a tailored protocol that can be adapted to a variety of settings. The overall protocol consisted of 5 phases: enrolment, document sharing phase, pre-evaluation, virtual visit, and post-visit phase, which was divided into 14 individual steps. As of October 2020, 25 virtual visits have been carried out, all via Skype. The patient’s caregiver was present during visits and had an active role. The average duration of the virtual visit was 24 min, and that of the pre-visit and post-visit were around 15 min each. Overall satisfaction as rated by physicians was considered high (8.0 ± 0.5). Using the system usability scale (SUS), patients also favorably rated the virtual visit (96.6 ± 6.1). In 20% of cases, the virtual visit was not sufficient to provide adequate information and an in-person clinical visit was recommended. The described protocol has the potential to provide benefits for the healthcare system as well as patients and their caregivers both during and beyond COVID-19 pandemic.
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Jazireian P, Sasani ST, Assarzadegan F, Azimian M. TRAILR1 (rs20576) and GRIA3 (rs12557782) are not associated with interferon-β response in multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9659-9665. [PMID: 33269432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-type inflammatory disorder in human central nervous system. Recombinant interferon beta (IFN-β) decreases the number of relapses and postpones disability progression in MS. However, up to 50% of patients treated with interferon beta continue experiencing relapses and/or worsening disability. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in different genes have been known to show significant associations with response to IFN-β in MS patients. In the present work, we examined the potential role of TRAILR1 and GRIA3 genes polymorphisms on response to IFN-β therapy in Iranian MS patients. The DNA was extracted from blood samples by standard procedures from 73 patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis that were either responded to IFN-β or did not. We carried out RFLP -PCR and tetra-primer ARMS-PCR methods to study of rs20576 and rs12557782, respectively. All results were analyzed using the SPSS software. TRAILR1 rs20576 genotype frequencies in responders and non-responders were similar (χ2 = 0.26, P = 0.87, Fisher, s Exact test). Our results showed that response to IFN-β has not association with sex (p = 0.73). Also, genotypic frequencies of GRIA3 rs12557782 had no significant differences between two groups of female population (χ2 = 3.75, p = 0.15). Furthermore, it had not been any statistical differences between responder and non-responder males (χ2 = 0.7, p = 0.4) related to the SNP. Our results analysis revealed no significant association between the studied SNPs (TRAILR1 rs20576 and GRIA3rs 12,557,782) and response to IFN-β in Iranian MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jazireian
- Department of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Assarzadegan
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Azimian
- Rofeydeh Rehabilitation Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Backhaus I, Mannocci A, La Torre G. Tobacco smoking and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of systematic and narrative reviews of observational studies. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Coyle PK. Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers to Predict Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis: Current and Future Perspectives. Mult Scler Int 2017; 2017:6198530. [PMID: 28804651 PMCID: PMC5540248 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6198530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have significantly advanced the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), decreasing the frequency of relapses, disability, and magnetic resonance imaging lesion formation. However, patients' responses to and tolerability of DMTs vary considerably, creating an unmet need for biomarkers to identify likely responders and/or those who may have treatment-limiting adverse reactions. Most studies in MS have focused on the identification of pharmacogenetic markers, using either the candidate-gene approach, which requires prior knowledge of the genetic marker and its role in the target disease, or genome-wide association, which examines multiple genetic variants, typically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both approaches have implicated numerous alleles and SNPs in response to selected MS DMTs. None have been validated for use in clinical practice. This review covers pharmacogenetic markers in clinical practice in other diseases and then reviews the current status of MS DMT markers (interferon β, glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone). For a complex disease such as MS, multiple biomarkers may need to be evaluated simultaneously to identify potential responders. Efforts to identify relevant biomarkers are underway and will need to be expanded to all MS DMTs. These will require extensive validation in large patient groups before they can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Coyle
- Department of Neurology and MS Comprehensive Care Center, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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9
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Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology? J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7904821. [PMID: 28316999 PMCID: PMC5337874 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7904821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. Evaluation of the impact of gut microflora on the pathophysiology of MS. Results. The etiopathogenesis of MS is not fully known. Gut microbiota may be of a great importance in the pathogenesis of MS, since recent findings suggest that substitutions of certain microbial population in the gut can lead to proinflammatory state, which can lead to MS in humans. In contrast, other commensal bacteria and their antigenic products may protect against inflammation within the central nervous system. The type of intestinal flora is affected by antibiotics, stress, or diet. The effects on MS through the intestinal microflora can also be achieved by antibiotic therapy and Lactobacillus. EAE, as an animal model of MS, indicates a strong influence of the gut microbiota on the immune system and shows that disturbances in gut physiology may contribute to the development of MS. Conclusions. The relationship between the central nervous system, the immune system, and the gut microbiota relates to the influence of microorganisms in the development of MS. A possible interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system can be perceived through regulation by the endocannabinoid system. It may offer an opportunity to understand the interaction comprised in the gut-immune-brain axis.
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Rojas JI, Patrucco L, MIguez J, Sinay V, Cassara FP, Cáceres F, Liguori NF, Saladino ML, Deri N, Jaacks G, Marcilla MP, Arrigoni MI, Correale J, Fiol M, Ysrraelit MC, Carrá A, Curbelo MC, Martinez A, Steinberg J, Bestoso S, Hryb JP, Di Pace JL, Perassolo MB, Contentti EC, Caride A, Lopez PA, Martinez C, Reich E, Giunta D, Cristiano E. Gender ratio trends over time in multiple sclerosis patients from Argentina. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 38:84-86. [PMID: 28087187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest a trend of increasing disease frequency in women during the last decades. A direct comparison of gender ratio trends among MS populations from Argentina remains to be carried out. The objective of the study was to compare gender ratio trends, over a 50-year span in MS populations from Argentina. METHODS multicenter study that included patients from 14 MS Centers of Argentina. Patients with definite MS with birth years ranging from 1940 to 1989 were included. Gender ratios were calculated by five decades based on year of birth and were adjusted for the F/M born-alive ratio derived from the Argentinean national registry of births. The F/M ratios were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression per five decades by the year of birth approach. Analyses were performed using Stata 10.1. RESULTS 1069 patients were included. Gender ratios showed a significant increase from the first to the last decade in the whole MS sample (from 1.8 to 2.7; p value for trend=0.023). The Gender ratio did not show differences considering MS subtype. CONCLUSION our study showed a modest increase of the F/M ratio (from 1.8 to 2.7) over time among patients affected by MS in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Rojas
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Patrucco
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J MIguez
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Sinay
- Instituto de Neurociencias Fundación Favaloro (INCyT), Argentina
| | - F Pagani Cassara
- Instituto de Neurociencias Fundación Favaloro (INCyT), Argentina
| | - F Cáceres
- Neurosciences Institute of Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M L Saladino
- Neurosciences Institute of Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Deri
- Centro de Investigación DIABAID, Argentina
| | - G Jaacks
- Centro de Investigación DIABAID, Argentina
| | | | | | - J Correale
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Argentina
| | - M Fiol
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Argentina
| | - M C Ysrraelit
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Argentina
| | - A Carrá
- Hospital Británico Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - A Martinez
- Hospital Británico Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - S Bestoso
- Hospital Escuela "José F. De San Martín", Corrientes, Argentina
| | - J P Hryb
- Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J L Di Pace
- Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M B Perassolo
- Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - A Caride
- Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P A Lopez
- Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Reich
- Hospital Julio Mendez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Giunta
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Cristiano
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jovel J, O'keefe S, Patterson J, Bording-Jorgensen M, Wang W, Mason AL, Warren KG, Wong GKS. Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Small Cohort of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Was Generally Free of Microbial DNA. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:198. [PMID: 28111617 PMCID: PMC5216046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability with high incidence in many developed countries. Although the etiology of the disease remains elusive, it is thought to entail genetic and environmental causes, and microbial pathogens have also been envisioned as contributors to the phenotype. We conducted a metagenomic survey in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 28 MS patients and 15 patients suffering other type of neurological conditions. We detected bacterial reads in eight out of the 15 non-MS patients and in a single MS patient, at an abundance >1% of total classified reads. Two patients were of special interest: one non-MS patient harbored ~73% bacterial reads, while an MS patient had ~83% bacterial reads. In the former case, Veillonella parvula, a bacterium occasionally found associated with meningitis was the predominant species, whilst Kocuria flava, apparently an environmental bacterium, predominated in the latter case. Thirty-four out of 43 samples contained <1% bacterial reads, which we regard as cross- or environmental contamination. A few viral reads corresponding to Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus were also identified. Our results suggest that CSF of MS patients is often (but not always) free of microbial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra O'keefe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jordan Patterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kenneth G Warren
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial ZoneShenzhen, China
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Cristiano E, Patrucco L, Miguez J, Giunta D, Correale J, Fiol M, Ysrraelit M, Cáceres F, Liguori NF, Saladino M, Garcea O, Silva B, Alonso R, Carrá A, Curbelo M, Martinez A, Steinberg J, Giachello S, Melcom M, Rojas J. Increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 9:91-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cristiano E, Patrucco L, Miguez J, Giunta D, Peroni J, Rojas JI. Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis among women in Buenos Aires: a 22 year health maintenance organization based study. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1621-6. [PMID: 27338941 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest a trend of increasing disease prevalence and incidence, and especially, a disproportional increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis in women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of MS over 22 years and to determine the ratio in incidence of men to women in a health maintenance organization from Buenos Aires, Argentina. The population was made up of all members of a hospital-based HMO affiliated between January 1992 and December 2013. Each person was followed contributing time at risk. Cases with definite diagnosis of MS were included. Incidence density was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals and compared between women and men. 165,456 subjects were followed for a total of 1,488,575 person-years, of whom 42 developed MS. Incidence density was 3/100,000 person-years (95 % CI 2.1-3.5/100,000 person-years). During this period (1992-2013), the incidence rate in women increased from 1/100,000 (95 % CI 0.8-1.6) to 4.9/100,000 (95 % CI 4.1-5.4) (p < 0.001), while in men the incidence ranged from 1.4/100,000 (95 % CI 1-1.7) to 1.8 (1.3-2.1) (p = 0.16). Incidence density during the study period increased significantly in women but not in men. This is the first report of this phenomenon in Latin America region.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cristiano
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires (CEMBA), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Gascón 450, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Patrucco
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires (CEMBA), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Gascón 450, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Miguez
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires (CEMBA), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Gascón 450, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Giunta
- Clinical Research Section, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Peroni
- Clinical Research Section, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J I Rojas
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires (CEMBA), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Gascón 450, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Myelin Basic Protein Citrullination in Multiple Sclerosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target for the Pathology. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1845-56. [PMID: 27097548 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial demyelinating disease characterized by neurodegenerative events and autoimmune response against myelin component. Citrullination or deimination, a post-translational modification of protein-bound arginine into citrulline, catalyzed by Ca(2+) dependent peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme (PAD), plays an essential role in physiological processes include gene expression regulation, apoptosis and the plasticity of the central nervous system, while aberrant citrullination can generate new epitopes, thus involving in the initiation and/or progression of autoimmune disorder like MS. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major myelin protein and is generally considered to maintain the stability of the myelin sheath. This review describes the MBP citrullination and its consequence, as well as offering further support for the "inside-out" hypothesis that MS is primarily a neurodegenerative disease with secondary inflammatory demyelination. In addition, it discusses the role of MBP citrullination in the immune inflammation and explores the potential of inhibition of PAD enzymes as a therapeutic strategy for the disease.
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Leray E, Moreau T, Fromont A, Edan G. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells as therapies for multiple sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9283-302. [PMID: 25918935 PMCID: PMC4463588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that leads to permanent neurological deficits. Current MS treatment regimens are insufficient to treat the irreversible neurological disabilities. Tremendous progress in the experimental and clinical applications of cell-based therapies has recognized stem cells as potential candidates for regenerative therapy for many neurodegenerative disorders including MS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) derived precursor cells can modulate the autoimmune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote endogenous remyelination and repair process in animal models. This review highlights studies involving the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cells and iPSCs derived cells in animal models, and their translation into immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative treatment strategies for MS.
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Laplaud DA. Multiple sclerosis: From new concepts to updates on management. Presse Med 2015; 44:e101-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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