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Wang C, Zhao X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhang X, Ma W. PKCζ phosphorylates VASP to mediate chemotaxis in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113823. [PMID: 37890607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in females, and metastasis remains the leading cause of death in these patients. Chemotaxis plays an important role in cancer cell metastasis and the mechanism of breast cancer chemotaxis has become a central issue in contemporary research. PKCζ, a member of the atypical PKC family, has been reported to be an essential component of the EGF-stimulated chemotactic signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism through which PKCζ regulates chemotaxis remains unclear. Here, we used a proteomic approach to identify PKCζ-interacting proteins in breast cancer cells and identified VASP as a potential binding partner. Intriguingly, stimulation with EGF enhanced this interaction and induced the translocalization of PKCζ and VASP to the cell membrane. Further experiments showed that PKCζ catalyzes the phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157, which is critical for the biological function of VASP in regulating chemotaxis and actin polymerization in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in PKCζ knockdown BC cells, the enrichment of VASP at the leading edge was reduced, and its interaction with profilin1 was attenuated, thereby reducing the chemotaxis and overall motility of breast cancer cells after EGF treatment. In functional assays, PKCζ promoted chemotaxis and motility of BC cells through VASP. Our findings demonstrate that PKCζ, a new kinase of VASP, plays an important role in promoting breast cancer metastasis and provides a theoretical basis for expanding new approaches to tumor biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277000, China
| | - Yunqiu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanshan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China.
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2
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Liu S, Tian S, Lin T, He X, Eze Ideozu J, Wang R, Wang Y, Yue D, Geng H. G3BP1 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by modulating PKCζ. Front Genet 2022; 13:1034889. [PMID: 36330442 PMCID: PMC9623284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1034889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death and morbidity among female cancers. Several factors, including hormone levels, lifestyle, and dysregulated RNA-binding proteins, have been associated with the development of breast cancer. Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and protein kinase C, Zeta isoform (PKCζ) are oncogenes implicated in numerous cancers, including breast cancer. However, their interaction and role in promoting breast cancer proliferation and metastasis have not been well-characterized. In the present study, we demonstrated that G3BP1 expression was elevated in breast cancer and that knockdown of G3BP1 diminished the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we identified proliferation and a series of metastasis-related properties, including chemotaxis, migration, Golgi polarity localization, and actin polymerization, that were modulated by G3BP1 knockdown. We found that G3BP1 and PKCζ were co-localized and interacted intracellularly, and they co-underwent membrane translocation under EGF stimulation. Following the knockdown of G3BP1, we observed the membrane translocation and phosphorylation of PKCζ were significantly impaired, suggesting that G3BP1 regulates the activation of PKCζ. Our findings indicate that G3BP1 plays multiple roles in breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The activation of PKCζ by G3BP1 may be the specific mechanism underlying the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoping Tian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin Eze Ideozu
- Genomic Medicine, Genomic Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Yue, ; Hua Geng,
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Dan Yue, ; Hua Geng,
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Wang HF, Jiang J, Wu JS, Zhang M, Pang X, Dai L, Tang YL, Liang XH. Hypermethylation of PRKCZ Regulated by E6 Inhibits Invasion and EMT via Cdc42 in HPV-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174151. [PMID: 36077689 PMCID: PMC9454700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To study the role of target genes with aberrant DNA methylation in HPV+ HNSCC. Methods: A HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (Illumina) was used to identify differentially methylated genes. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and cell invasion assays were conducted to analyze the biological roles of PRKCZ. Western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and animal studies were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the functions of PRKCZ. Results: We selected PRKCZ, which is associated with HPV infection, as our target gene. PRKCZ was hypermethylated in HPV+ HNSCC patients, and PRKCZ methylation status was negatively related to the pathological grading of HNSCC patients. Silencing PRKCZ inhibited the malignant capacity of HPV+ HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, HPV might promote DNMT1 expression via E6 to increase PRKCZ methylation. Cdc42 was required for the PRKCZ-mediated mechanism of action, contributing to the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HPV+ HNSCC cells. In addition, blocking PRKCZ delayed tumor growth in HPV16-E6/E7 transgenic mice. Cdc42 expression was decreased, whereas E-cadherin levels increased. Conclusion: We suggest that PRKCZ hypermethylation induces EMT via Cdc42 to act as a potent tumor promoter in HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.T.); (X.-H.L.)
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.T.); (X.-H.L.)
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Zhu S, Jiao W, Xu Y, Hou L, Li H, Shao J, Zhang X, Wang R, Kong D. Palmitic acid inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway. Life Sci 2021; 286:120046. [PMID: 34653428 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in men worldwide, and novel drugs for prostate cancer therapies are still being developed. Palmitic acid is a common saturated long-chain fatty acid that is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory effects and antitumor activities in several types of tumors. The present study aims to explore the antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities of palmitic acid on human prostate cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS MTT and colony formation assays were utilized to determine the antiproliferative effect of palmitic acid. Cell metastasis was evaluated by wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion assay. The in vivo anticancer effect was assessed by a nude mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Palmitic acid significantly suppressed prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with palmitic acid induced G1 phase arrest, which was associated with downregulation of cyclin D1 and p-Rb and upregulation of p27. In addition, palmitic acid could inhibit prostate cancer cell metastasis, in which suppression of PKCζ and p-Integrinβ1 and an increase in E-cadherin expression might be involved. Furthermore, a mechanistic study indicated that palmitic acid inhibited the key molecules of the PI3K/Akt pathway to block prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggested the antitumor potential of palmitic acid for prostate cancer by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenhui Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanglu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lanjiao Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingrong Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; School of Medicine, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianyuan University, Tianjin 301700, China.
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5
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Protein Kinase C as a Therapeutic Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115527. [PMID: 34073823 PMCID: PMC8197251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Driver-directed therapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment, presenting similar or better efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy and substantially improving quality of life. Despite significant advances, targeted therapy is greatly limited by resistance acquisition, which emerges in nearly all patients receiving treatment. As a result, identifying the molecular modulators of resistance is of great interest. Recent work has implicated protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as mediators of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, previous findings on PKC have implicated this family of enzymes in both tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive biology in various tissues. Here, we review the biological role of PKC isozymes in NSCLC through extensive analysis of cell-line-based studies to better understand the rationale for PKC inhibition. PKC isoforms α, ε, η, ι, ζ upregulation has been reported in lung cancer, and overexpression correlates with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Most importantly, PKC isozymes have been established as mediators of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. Unfortunately, however, PKC-directed therapeutics have yielded unsatisfactory results, likely due to a lack of specific evaluation for PKC. To achieve satisfactory results in clinical trials, predictive biomarkers of PKC activity must be established and screened for prior to patient enrollment. Furthermore, tandem inhibition of PKC and molecular drivers may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the emergence of resistance in NSCLC.
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6
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Alassaf E, Mueller A. The role of PKC in CXCL8 and CXCL10 directed prostate, breast and leukemic cancer cell migration. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173453. [PMID: 32777211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Migration of tumour cells is a fundamental process for the formation and progression of metastasis in malignant diseases. Chemokines binding to their cognate receptors induce the migration of cancer cells, however, the molecular signalling pathways involved in this process are not fully understood. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to regulate cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. In order to identify a connection between PKC and tumour progression in breast, prostate and leukaemia cells, the effect of PKC on CXCL8 or CXCL10-mediated cell migration and morphology was analysed. We tested the speed of the migrating cells, morphology, and chemotaxis incubated with different PKC isoforms inhibitors- GF109203X, staurosporine and PKCζ pseudosubstrate inhibitor (PKCζi). We found that the migration of CXCL8-driven PC3 and MDA-MB231 cells in the presence of conventional, novel or atypical PKCs was not affected, but atypical PKCζ is crucial for THP-1 chemotaxis. The speed of CXCL10-activated PC3 and MDA-MB231 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of conventional, novel and atypical PKCζ. THP-1 chemotaxis was again affected by atypical PKCζi. On the other hand, cell area, circularity or aspect ratio were affected by staurosporine in CXCL8 or CXCL10-activated cells, demonstrating a role of PKCα in the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton regardless of the effect on the migration. Consequently, this allows the speculation that different PKC isoforms induce different outcomes in migration and actin cytoskeleton based on the chemokine receptor and/or the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enana Alassaf
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Anja Mueller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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7
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Peng X, Liu Y, Zhu S, Peng X, Li H, Jiao W, Lin P, Zhang Z, Qiu Y, Jin M, Wang R, Kong D. Co-targeting PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways leads to an enhanced antitumor effect on human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2921-2936. [PMID: 31620898 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to determine whether co-targeting PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways in human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a potential anticancer strategy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of HSCC patients, and the phosphorylation status of Akt and Erk in HSCC and tumor adjacent tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine the anti-proliferative effect of PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GDC-0980 and MEK inhibitor Refametinib on HSCC cell line Fadu. Wound-healing and Transwell migration assay were used to analyze the anti-migrative capability of the two drugs. The involved anti-tumor mechanism was explored by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot. The combinational anticancer effect of GDC-0980 and Refametinib was evaluated according to Chou and Talalay's method. RESULTS The levels of p-Akt and p-Erk were increased significantly with the progression of clinical stage of HSCC, suggesting PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways might be associated with HSCC occurrence and progression. Furthermore, both GDC-0980 and Refametinib showed obvious antitumor effects on FaDu cells. Treatment by the two drugs arrested FaDu cell cycle progression in G1 phase, with reduction of cyclin D1 and p-Rb, in contrast to enhancement of p27. GDC-0980 inhibited FaDu cell migration and reduced metastasis related proteins including p-PKCζ, p-Integrin β1 and uPA. Combination use of GDC-0980 and Refametinib exhibited strong synergistic anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION Dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathway by GDC-0980 and Refametinib might be a promising treatment strategy for HSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,School of Medicine, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianyuan University, 301700, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Gao T, Li M, Mu G, Hou T, Zhu WG, Yang Y. PKCζ Phosphorylates SIRT6 to Mediate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 21:61-73. [PMID: 30504065 PMCID: PMC6277223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has critical roles in regulating lipid anabolism and catabolism. PKCζ, a member of atypical PKC family, has been reported to mediate glucose metabolism. However, whether and how PKCζ regulates tumor cells fatty acid β-oxidation are unknown. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of SIRT6 is significantly increased after palmitic acid (PA) treatment in colon cancer cells. PKCζ can physically interact with SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction enhances following PA treatment. Further experiments show that PKCζ is the phosphorylase of SIRT6 and phosphorylates SIRT6 at threonine 294 residue to promote SIRT6 enrichment on chromatin. In the functional study, we find that the expression of ACSL1, CPT1, CACT, and HADHB, the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, increases after PA stimulation. We further confirm that PKCζ mediates the binding of SIRT6 specifically to the promoters of fatty acid β-oxidation–related genes and elicits the expression of these genes through SIRT6 phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate the mechanism of PKCζ as a new phosphorylase of SIRT6 on maintaining tumor fatty acid β-oxidation and define the new role of PKCζ in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meiting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 516080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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9
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Islam SMA, Patel R, Bommareddy RR, Khalid KM, Acevedo-Duncan M. The modulation of actin dynamics via atypical Protein Kinase-C activated Cofilin regulates metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:106-120. [PMID: 30417717 PMCID: PMC6527392 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1546513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States. The exact mechanism of CRC cells metastasis is poorly understood. Actin polymerization is thought to be an initial step in the cancer cell motility cycle which drives the formation of cell protrusions and defines the direction of migration. Cofilin, a significant actin-regulating molecule, regulates the migration of cancer cells by the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, however, little is known about the upstream regulation of cofilin. In this study, the effect of atypical Protein Kinase C (atypical PKC) on Cofilin activity in CRC was studied. This study demonstrates that the atypical PKC inhibition impedes the metastasis of CRC cells by increasing phospho-Cofilin (S3) and changing actin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Anisul Islam
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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10
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Hou C, Li Y, Liu H, Dang M, Qin G, Zhang N, Chen R. Profiling the interactome of protein kinase C ζ by proteomics and bioinformatics. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:5. [PMID: 29491746 PMCID: PMC5828088 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ), an isoform of the atypical protein kinase C, is a pivotal regulator in cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby PKCζ regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis are still not fully understood. In this study, proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network associated with PKCζ, laying a stepping stone to further understand the diverse biological roles of PKCζ. Methods Protein complexes associated with PKCζ were purified by co-immunoprecipitation from breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and identified by LC-MS/MS. Two biological replicates and two technical replicates were analyzed. The observed proteins were filtered using the CRAPome database to eliminate the potential false positives. The proteomics identification results were combined with PPI database search to construct the interactome network. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed by PANTHER database and DAVID. Next, the interaction between PKCζ and protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) was validated by co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the TCGA database and the COSMIC database were used to analyze the expressions of these two proteins in clinical samples. Results The PKCζ centered PPI network containing 178 nodes and 1225 connections was built. Network analysis showed that the identified proteins were significantly associated with several key signaling pathways regulating cancer related cellular processes. Conclusions Through combining the proteomics and bioinformatics analyses, a PKCζ centered PPI network was constructed, providing a more complete picture regarding the biological roles of PKCζ in both cancer regulation and other aspects of cellular biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0134-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Hou
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Yuan Li
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Mengjiao Dang
- 3School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Guoxuan Qin
- 3School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- 1Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300070 China.,2Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
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11
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Islam SMA, Patel R, Acevedo-Duncan M. Protein Kinase C-ζ stimulates colorectal cancer cell carcinogenesis via PKC-ζ/Rac1/Pak1/β-Catenin signaling cascade. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:650-664. [PMID: 29408512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world and death from CRC accounts for 8% of all cancer deaths both in men and women in the United States. CRC is life-threatening disease due to therapy resistant cancerous cells. The exact mechanisms of cell growth, survival, metastasis and inter & intracellular signaling pathways involved in CRC is still a significant challenge. Hence, investigating the signaling pathways that lead to colon carcinogenesis may give insight into the therapeutic target. In this study, the role of atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) on CRC was investigated by using two inhibitors of that protein class: 1) ζ-Stat (8-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid) is a specific inhibitor of PKC-ζ and 2) ICA-I 5-amino-1-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide) is a specific inhibitor of PKC-ι. The cell lines tested were CCD18CO normal colon epithelial and LOVO metastatic CRC cells. The inhibition of aPKCs did not bring any significant toxicity on CCD18CO normal colon cell line. Although PKC-ι is an oncogene in many cancers, we found the overexpression of PKC-ζ and its direct association with Rac1. Our findings suggest that the PKC-ζ may be responsible for the abnormal growth, proliferation, and migration of metastatic LOVO colon cancer cells via PKC-ζ/Rac1/Pak1/β-Catenin pathway. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing PKC-ζ inhibitor to block CRC cells growth, proliferation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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12
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Zhou P, Qin J, Li Y, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang N, Chen P, Li C. Combination therapy of PKCζ and COX-2 inhibitors synergistically suppress melanoma metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:115. [PMID: 28865485 PMCID: PMC5581453 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Metastatic malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies and its treatment remains challenging. Recent studies demonstrate that the melanoma metastasis has correlations with the heightened activations of protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signaling pathways. Targeted inhibitions for PKCζ and COX-2 have been considered as the promising strategies for the treatment of melanoma metastasis. Thus, the PKCζ inhibitor J-4 and COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib were combined to treat melanoma metastasis in this study. Methods The Transwell assay, Wound-healing assay and Adhesion assay were used to evaluate the inhibition of combined therapy of J-4 and Celecoxib on melanoma cells invasion, migration and adhesion in vitro, respectively. The impaired actin polymerization was observed by confocal microscope and inactivated signal pathways about PKCζ and COX-2 were confirmed by the Western blotting assay. The B16-F10/C57BL mouse melanoma model was used to test the inhibition of combined therapy of J-4 and Celecoxib on melanoma metastasis in vivo. Results The in vitro results showed that the combination of J-4 and Celecoxib exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on the migration, invasion and adhesion of melanoma B16-F10 and A375 cells with combination index less than 1. The actin polymerization and phosphorylation of Cofilin required in cell migration were severely impaired, which is due to the inactivation of PKCζ related signal pathways and the decrease of COX-2. The combined inhibition of PKCζ and COX-2 induced Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) in melanoma cells with the expression of E-Cadherin increasing and Vimentin decreasing. The secretion of MMP-2/MMP-9 also significantly decreased after the combination treatment. In C57BL/6 mice intravenously injected with B16-F10 cells (5 × 104 cells/mouse), co-treatment of J-4 and Celecoxib also severely suppressed melanoma lung metastasis. The body weight monitoring and HE staining results indicated the low toxicity of the combination therapy. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the combination therapy of PKCζ and COX-2 inhibitors can significantly inhibit melanoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which will be an efficient strategy for treatment of melanoma metastasis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxia Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Medical School, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
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13
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FAK phosphorylation plays a central role in thrombin-induced RPE cell migration. Cell Signal 2017; 36:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Petrov D, Dahan I, Cohen-Kfir E, Ravid S. aPKCζ affects directed cell migration through the regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 11:347-359. [PMID: 27541056 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1225631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential cellular process for a variety of biological events. It requires cross-talk between the signaling and the cytoskeletal systems. Despite the recognized importance of aPKCζ for cell motility, there is little understanding of the mechanism by which aPKCζ mediates extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton. In the present study, we report that aPKCζ is required for the cellular organization of acto-non-muscle myosin II (NMII) cytoskeleton, for proper cell adhesion and directed cell migration. We show that aPKCζ mediates EGF-dependent RhoA activation and recruitment to the cell membrane. We also show that aPKCζ mediates EGF-dependent myosin light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation that is carried out by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and that aPKCζ is required for EGF-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT). Finally, we show that aPKCζ mediates the spatial organization of the acto-NMII cytoskeleton in response to EGF stimulation. Our data suggest that aPKCζ is an essential component regulator of acto-NMII cytoskeleton organization leading to directed cell migration, and is a mediator of the EGF signal to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Petrov
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Inbal Dahan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Einav Cohen-Kfir
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Shoshana Ravid
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
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15
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El-Aarag SA, Mahmoud A, Hashem MH, Abd Elkader H, Hemeida AE, ElHefnawi M. In silico identification of potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28592245 PMCID: PMC5463402 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Like other cancers, it is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease involving multiple signaling pathways. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is critical for the development of effective treatment strategies. Methods We used a systems biology approach to identify potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. We first identified genes that were differentially expressed between smokers with normal lungs and those with cancerous lungs, then integrated these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with data from a protein-protein interaction database to build a network model with functional modules for pathway analysis. We also carried out a gene set enrichment analysis of DEG lists using the Kinase Enrichment Analysis (KEA), Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) hubs, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. Results Twelve transcription factors were identified as having potential significance in lung cancer (CREB1, NUCKS1, HOXB4, MYCN, MYC, PHF8, TRIM28, WT1, CUX1, CRX, GABP, and TCF3); three of these (CRX, GABP, and TCF) have not been previously implicated in lung carcinogenesis. In addition, 11 kinases were found to be potentially related to lung cancer (MAPK1, IGF1R, RPS6KA1, ATR, MAPK14, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK8, PRKCZ, and INSR, and PRKAA1). However, PRKAA1 is reported here for the first time. MEPCE, CDK1, PRKCA, COPS5, GSK3B, BRCA1, EP300, and PIN1 were identified as potential hubs in lung cancer-associated signaling. In addition, we found 18 pathways that were potentially related to lung carcinogenesis, of which 12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Toll-like receptor, ErbB, and insulin signaling; purine and ether lipid metabolism; adherens junctions; regulation of autophagy; snare interactions in vesicular transport; and cell cycle) have been previously identified. Conclusion Our systems-based approach identified potential key molecules in lung carcinogenesis and provides a basis for investigations of tumor development as well as novel drug targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem A El-Aarag
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Medhat H Hashem
- Animal biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hatem Abd Elkader
- Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computer and Information, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hemeida
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. .,Center of Informatics, Nile university, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt.
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16
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He M, Yang Z, Zhang L, Song C, Li Y, Zhang X. Additive effects of cherlerythrine chloride combination with erlotinib in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175466. [PMID: 28399187 PMCID: PMC5388488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies implicate that lung cancer progression is governed by the interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Combined the targeting of EGFR and PKC may have an additive or synergistic effects in lung cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the potential utility by inhibiting these two pathways with the combination of erlotinib and chelerythrine chloride in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The erlotinib-less sensitive cell lines SK-MES-1 and A549 were treated with erlotinib or chelerythrine by themselves or in combination with each other. The cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell migration, invasion, cell apoptosis effects and immunoblotting were accessed in vitro. Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo. There were additive effects of chelerythrine combined with erlotinib treatment in all NSCLC cell lines, resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability, clonogenicity, migratory and invasive capabilities as well as in the induction of apoptosis. Concordantly, the combined treatment caused a significant delay in tumor growth. The treatment effectively blocked EGFR signaling through decreasing phosphorylation of downstream targets such as STAT3, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and Bad proteins. Our study supports the functional interaction between the EGFR and PKC pathways in lung cancer and provides a clinically exploitable strategy for erlotinib-less sensitive non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- Department of breast surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of breast surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changlong Song
- Department of breast surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youjun Li
- Department of anatomy, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (YL)
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of thorax surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (YL)
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17
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Qin N, Jia M, Wu XR, Shou XA, Liu Q, Gan CC, Jin MN, Yu Y, Duan HQ. Synthesis and anti-metastatic effects of pregn-17(20)-en-3-amine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:490-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Reyes-Zárate E, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Chirino YI, Osornio-Vargas ÁR, Morales-Bárcenas R, Souza-Arroyo V, García-Cuellar CM. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) exposure-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis evasion through STAT3 activation via PKCζ and Src kinases in lung cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:646-656. [PMID: 27131825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer, but cellular pathways are not completely understood. STAT3 is a p21(Waf1/Cip1) transcription factor and is associated with proliferation and cell survival and is upregulated in lung cancer. PM10 exposure induces p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, which could be related to STAT3 activation. The aims of this work were to investigate whether STAT3 was activated on lung epithelial cells after PM10 exposure and to determine whether or not STAT3 could have an impact on cell cycle distribution and cell survival. Our results showed that PM10 induced STAT3 activation through Src and PKCζ kinases, and it is partially responsible for the p21(Waf1/Cip1) induction that was also observed. Moreover, PM10 induced G1-G0 cell cycle arrest. The inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation prevented cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis. These results suggest that PM10 exposure might activate a survival pathway related to STAT3 activation, similar to what has been described as part of the immune system and apoptosis evasion during tumor promotion and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reyes-Zárate
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza-Arroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico.
| | - Claudia María García-Cuellar
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico.
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Menkova-Garnier I, Hocini H, Foucat E, Tisserand P, Bourdery L, Delaugerre C, Benne C, Lévy Y, Lelièvre JD. P2X7 Receptor Inhibition Improves CD34 T-Cell Differentiation in HIV-Infected Immunological Nonresponders on c-ART. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005571. [PMID: 27082982 PMCID: PMC4833302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral CD4+ T-cell levels are not fully restored in a significant proportion of HIV+ individuals displaying long-term viral suppression on c-ART. These immunological nonresponders (INRs) have a higher risk of developing AIDS and non-AIDS events and a lower life expectancy than the general population, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We used an in vitro system to analyze the T- and B-cell potential of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Comparisons of INRs with matched HIV+ patients with high CD4+ T-cell counts (immune responders (IRs)) revealed an impairment of the generation of T-cell progenitors, but not of B-cell progenitors, in INRs. This impairment resulted in the presence of smaller numbers of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in the blood and lower peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts. We investigated the molecular pathways involved in lymphopoiesis, focusing particularly on T-cell fate specification (Notch pathway), survival (IL7R-IL7 axis) and death (Fas, P2X7, CD39/CD73). P2X7 expression was abnormally strong and there was no CD73 mRNA in the CD34+ cells of INRs, highlighting a role for the ATP pathway. This was confirmed by the demonstration that in vitro inhibition of the P2X7-mediated pathway restored the T-cell potential of CD34+ cells from INRs. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed major differences in cell survival and death pathways between CD34+ cells from INRs and those from IRs. These findings pave the way for the use of complementary immunotherapies, such as P2X7 antagonists, to restore T-cell lymphopoiesis in INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Menkova-Garnier
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Emile Foucat
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Laure Bourdery
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | | | - Clarisse Benne
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
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20
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Wu J, Liu S, Fan Z, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yang R. A novel and selective inhibitor of PKC ζ potently inhibits human breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in mice. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8391-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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21
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PKCζ Promotes Breast Cancer Invasion by Regulating Expression of E-cadherin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) via NFκB-p65. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26218882 PMCID: PMC4648478 DOI: 10.1038/srep12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical Protein Kinase C zeta (PKCζ) forms Partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity complex for apico-basal distribution of membrane proteins essential to maintain normal cellular junctional complexes and tissue homeostasis. Consistently, tumor suppressive role of PKCζ has been established for multiple human cancers. However, recent studies also indicate pro-oncogenic function of PKCζ without firm understanding of detailed molecular mechanism. Here we report a possible mechanism of oncogenic PKCζ signaling in the context of breast cancer. We observed that depletion of PKCζ promotes epithelial morphology in mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of epithelial morphology is associated with significant upregulation of adherens junction (AJ) protein E-cadherin and tight junction (TJ) protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1). Functionally, depletion of PKCζ significantly inhibits invasion and metastatic progression. Consistently, we observed higher expression and activation of PKCζ signaling in invasive and metastatic breast cancers compared to non-invasive diseases. Mechanistically, an oncogenic PKCζ– NFκB-p65 signaling node might be involved to suppress E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression and ectopic expression of a constitutively active form of NFκB-p65 (S536E-NFκB-p65) significantly rescues invasive potential of PKCζ-depleted breast cancer cells. Thus, our study discovered a PKCζ - NFκB-p65 signaling pathway might be involved to alter cellular junctional dynamics for breast cancer invasive progression.
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Abstract
Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1, binds the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, which, through multiple divergent pathways, leads to chemotaxis, enhanced intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and gene transcription. CXCR4, initially discovered for its involvement in HIV entry and leukocytes trafficking, is overexpressed in more than 23 human cancers. Cancer cell CXCR4 overexpression contributes to tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, relapse, and therapeutic resistance. CXCR4 antagonism has been shown to disrupt tumor-stromal interactions, sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs, and reduce tumor growth and metastatic burden. As such, CXCR4 is a target not only for therapeutic intervention but also for noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic guidance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological involvement of CXCR4 in human cancers, the current status of CXCR4-based therapeutic approaches, as well as recent advances in noninvasive imaging of CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Chatterjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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23
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Seto KKY, Andrulis IL. Atypical protein kinase C zeta: potential player in cell survival and cell migration of ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123528. [PMID: 25874946 PMCID: PMC4397019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive gynaecological cancers, thus understanding the different biological pathways involved in ovarian cancer progression is important in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of Protein Kinase C Zeta (PRKCZ) in ovarian cancer. The atypical protein kinase C isoform, PRKCZ, is involved in the control of various signalling processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell motility, all of which are important for cancer development and progression. Herein, we observe a significant increase in cell survival upon PRKCZ over-expression in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells; additionally, when the cells are treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting PRKCZ, the motility of SKOV3 cells decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrate that over-expression of PRKCZ results in gene and/or protein expression alterations of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Collectively, our study describes PRKCZ as a potential regulatory component of the IGF1R and ITGB3 pathways and suggests that it may play critical roles in ovarian tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Y. Seto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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PKCζ and PKMζ are overexpressed in TCF3-rearranged paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and are associated with increased thiopurine sensitivity. Leukemia 2014; 29:304-11. [PMID: 24990612 PMCID: PMC4320296 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions have been ascribed to the atypical zeta isoform of protein kinase C (PKCζ), whereas its constitutively active form PKMζ is almost exclusively expressed in the brain where it has a role in long-term memory. Using primers unique for either isoform, we found that both PKCζ and PKMζ were expressed in a subset of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases carrying a TCF3 (E2A) chromosomal rearrangement. Combined PKCζ and PKMζ (PKC/Mζ) protein as well as phosphorylation levels were elevated in ALL cases, especially TCF3-rearranged precursor B-ALL cases, compared with normal bone marrow (P<0.01). Furthermore, high PKC/Mζ expression in primary ALL cells was associated with increased sensitivity to 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine (P<0.01), thiopurines used in ALL treatment. PKCζ is believed to stabilize mismatch-repair protein MSH2, facilitating thiopurine responsiveness in T-ALL. However, PKC/Mζ knockdown in a TCF3-rearranged cell line model decreased MSH2 expression but did not induce thiopurine resistance, indicative that the link between high PKC/Mζ levels and thiopurine sensitivity in paediatric precursor B-ALL is not directly causal. Collectively, our data indicate that thiopurine treatment may be effective, especially in paediatric TCF3-rearranged ALL and other patients with a high expression of PKC/Mζ.
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
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26
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Han K, Li J, Zhao H, Liang P, Huang X, Zheng L, Li Y, Yang T, Wang L. Identification of the typical miRNAs and target genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:229-35. [PMID: 24789420 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify miRNAs that were differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by comparing normal and cancer tissue samples and to analyze the correlation of the target genes and HCC. The gene expression profile of GSE31383 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 19 samples, 9 normal and 10 from HCC tissue samples. The differentially‑expressed miRNAs were identified with packages in R language and further analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Firstly, the verified targets of miRNAs were integrated in two miRNA databases: miRecords and miRTarBase, and the targets of the differentially‑expressed miRNAs were obtained. The software STRING was then used to construct the interaction network of target genes. Finally, a functional enrichment analysis of the genes in the interaction network was conducted using the software Gestalt. Typical miR‑224 and miR‑214 were identified by comparing normal and cancer samples, each of which obtained 14 and 8 target genes, respectively. The functional enrichment analysis of the targets in the two groups highlighted the intracellular signaling cascade. In conclusion, the featured miRNAs (the upregulated miRNA‑224 and downregulated miRNA‑214) and their target genes are significant in the occurrence and development of HCC, which is likely to be significant for the identification of therapeutic targets and biomarkers to aid in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Tonghan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Yin J, Liu Z, Li H, Sun J, Chang X, Liu J, He S, Li B. Association of PKCζ expression with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90811. [PMID: 24603690 PMCID: PMC3946230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family has been functionally linked to cancer. It has been suggested that atypical PKCs contribute to cell proliferation and cancer progression. With respect to breast cancer, PKCζ has been found to play a key role in intracellular transduction of mitogenic and apoptotic signals using mammary cell lines. However, little is known about its function in vivo. Here we examined the correlation between PKCζ protein levels and important clinicopathologic factors in breast cancer using patient samples. To conduct the study, 30 invasive ductal carcinoma cases and their paired normal tissues were used for tissue microarray analysis (TMA) and 16 were used for western blot analysis. In addition, the correlation between PKCζ expression levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was determined in 176 cases with relevant clinical data. Finally, the correlation between PKCζ and epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions was determined using three breast cancer cell lines by western blot analysis. Both TMA and western blot results showed that PKCζ protein was highly expressed in primary tumors but not in paired normal tissue. The correlation study indicated that high PKCζ levels were associated with premenopausal patients (p = 0.019) and worse prognostic factors, such as advanced clinical stage, more lymph node involvement and larger tumor size. Both disease-free survival and overall survival rates were lower in the high PKCζ group than those in the low PKCζ group. No correlation was observed between PKCζ levels and age, histological grade, or estrogen or progesterone receptor expression status. A positive correlation between PKCζ and HER2 levels was observed in both tumor samples and cell lines. Our observations link PKCζ expression with factors pointing to worse prognosis, higher HER2 levels and a lower survival rate. This suggests that PKCζ protein levels may serve as a prognostic marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhipei Liu
- Production and R&D Center, Tianjin Binhai Union Gene Technology Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
- Gene Bank, Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixin Li
- Tumor Tissue Banking Facility, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Chang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Kjær S, Linch M, Purkiss A, Kostelecky B, Knowles PP, Rosse C, Riou P, Soudy C, Kaye S, Patel B, Soriano E, Murray-Rust J, Barton C, Dillon C, Roffey J, Parker PJ, McDonald NQ. Adenosine-binding motif mimicry and cellular effects of a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C isoenzymes. Biochem J 2013; 451:329-42. [PMID: 23418854 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aPKC [atypical PKC (protein kinase C)] isoforms ι and ζ play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cell polarity and represent attractive anti-oncogenic drug targets in Ras-dependent tumours. To date, few isoform-specific chemical biology tools are available to inhibit aPKC catalytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the identification and functional characterization of potent and selective thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitors of aPKCs. A crystal structure of human PKCι kinase domain bound to a representative compound, CRT0066854, reveals the basis for potent and selective chemical inhibition. Furthermore, CRT0066854 displaces a crucial Asn-Phe-Asp motif that is part of the adenosine-binding pocket and engages an acidic patch used by arginine-rich PKC substrates. We show that CRT0066854 inhibits the LLGL2 (lethal giant larvae 2) phosphorylation in cell lines and exhibits phenotypic effects in a range of cell-based assays. We conclude that this compound can be used as a chemical tool to modulate aPKC activity in vitro and in vivo and may guide the search for further aPKC-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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29
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Chen R, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang F, Shieh CHP, Yang D, Zhang N. Quantitative Study of the Interactome of PKCζ Involved in the EGF-induced Tumor Cell Chemotaxis. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1478-86. [PMID: 23402259 DOI: 10.1021/pr3011292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory
of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- EncodeGenomics Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory
of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory
of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - De Yang
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center of
Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory
of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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30
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Cavallaro S. CXCR4/CXCL12 in non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis to the brain. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1713-27. [PMID: 23322021 PMCID: PMC3565343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality throughout the world. Patients die of local progression, disseminated disease, or both. At least one third of the people with lung cancer develop brain metastases at some point during their disease, even often before the diagnosis of lung cancer is made. The high rate of brain metastasis makes lung cancer the most common type of tumor to spread to the brain. It is critical to understand the biologic basis of brain metastases to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on the emerging data supporting the involvement of the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the brain metastatic evolution of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the pharmacological tools that may be used to interfere with this signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Functional Genomics Center, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, Catania 95125, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Cell motility and chemotaxis play important roles in the metastatic cascade of cancer cells. Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) mediates cancer cell chemotaxis by regulating cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell adhesion. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a compound called J-4 targeting PKCζ. J-4 was tested with inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 10 µmol/l using a Z'-LYTE™ Kinase Assay-Ser/Thr 7 Peptide Kit. Our results show that J-4 inhibited spontaneous migration and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced chemotaxis of human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. Through an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the drug designated as J-4 had no obvious cytotoxicity in vitro. Meanwhile, in the presence of J-4, the cells showed defects in EGF-induced actin polymerization and adhesion. Furthermore, J-4 dampened EGF-induced phosphorylation and recycling of cofilin. Taken together, our data demonstrate that J-4 is a new and typical inhibitor that blocks the PKCζ pathway. Moreover, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of J-4 may provide a novel medical therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment that would block metastasis, thereby reducing the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells and increasing patient survival.
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Yao S, Ireland SJ, Bee A, Beesley C, Forootan SS, Dodson A, Dickinson T, Gerard P, Lian LY, Risk JM, Smith P, Malki MI, Ke Y, Cooper CS, Gosden C, Foster CS. Splice variant PRKC-ζ(-PrC) is a novel biomarker of human prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:388-99. [PMID: 22644296 PMCID: PMC3394965 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, using gene-knockdown techniques together with genome expression array analysis, we showed the gene protein Kinase C (PKC)-zeta (PRKCZ) to mediate the malignant phenotype of human prostate cancer. However, according to NCBI, the gene has undergone several major iterations. Therefore, to understand the relationship between its structure and biological activities, we have analysed its expressed sequence in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. METHODS Transcriptome-walking and targeted PCR were used to sequence the mRNA transcribed from PRKCZ. Hydropathy analysis was employed to analyse the hypothetical protein sequence subsequently translated and to identify an appropriate epitope to generate a specific monoclonal antibody. RESULTS A novel sequence was identified within the 3'-terminal domain of human PRKCZ that, in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues, is expressed during transcription and thereafter translated into protein (designated PKC-ζ(-PrC)) independent of conventional PKC-ζ(-a). The monoclonal antibody detected expression of this 96 kD protein only within malignant prostatic epithelium. INTERPRETATION Transcription and translation of this gene sequence, including previous intronic sequences, generates a novel specific biomarker of human prostate cancer. The presence of catalytic domains characteristic of classic PKC-β and atypical PKC-ι within PKC-ζ(-PrC) provides a potential mechanism for this PRKCZ variant to modulate the malignant prostatic phenotype out-with normal cell-regulatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - S J Ireland
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - A Bee
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - C Beesley
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - S S Forootan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - A Dodson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - T Dickinson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - P Gerard
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - L-Y Lian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - J M Risk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - P Smith
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - M I Malki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Y Ke
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - C S Cooper
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C Gosden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - C S Foster
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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Lee H, Park M, Shin N, Kim G, Kim YG, Shin JS, Kim H. High mobility group box-1 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C zeta and secreted in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:321-6. [PMID: 22750245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, is overexpressed and secreted in cancer cells. Phosphorylation on two different nuclear localization signal regions are known to be important for the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport and secretion of HMGB1. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanism of HMGB1 modifications and its subsequent secretion from cancer cells. To identify the specific enzyme and important sites for HMGB1 phosphorylation, we screened the protein kinase C (PKC) family in a colon cancer cell line (HCT116) for HMGB1 binding by pull-down experiments using a 3XFLAG-HMGB1 construct. Strong interactions between atypical PKCs (PKC-ζ, λ, and ι) and cytoplasmic HMGB1 were observed in HCT116 cells. We further identified the most critical PKC isotype that regulates HMGB1 secretion is PKC-ζ by using PKC inhibitors and siRNA experiments. The serine residues at S39, S53 and S181 of HMGB1 were related to enhancing HMGB1 secretion. We also demonstrated overexpression and activation of PKC-ζ in colon cancer tissues. Our findings suggest that PKC-ζ is involved in the phosphorylation of HMGB1, and the phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the nuclear localization signal regions is related to enhanced HMGB1 secretion in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yao S, Bee A, Brewer D, Dodson A, Beesley C, Ke Y, Ambroisine L, Fisher G, Møller H, Dickinson T, Gerard P, Lian LY, Risk J, Lane B, Smith P, Reuter V, Berney D, Gosden C, Scardino P, Cuzick J, Djamgoz MBA, Cooper C, Foster CS. PRKC-ζ Expression Promotes the Aggressive Phenotype of Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Is a Novel Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:444-64. [PMID: 21779455 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910376079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We show protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-ζ) to be a novel predictive biomarker for survival from prostate cancer (P < 0.001). We also confirm that transcription of the PRKC-ζ gene is crucial to the malignant phenotype of human prostate cancer. Following siRNA silencing of PRKC-ζ in PC3-M prostate cancer cells, stable transfectant cell line si-PRKC-ζ-PC3-M(T1-6) is phenotypically nonmalignant in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide expression analysis identified 373 genes to be differentially expressed in the knockdown cells and 4 key gene networks to be significantly perturbed during phenotype modulation. Functional interconnection between some of the modulated genes is revealed, although these may be within different regulatory pathways, emphasizing the complexity of their mutual interdependence. Genes with altered expression following PRKC-ζ knockdown include HSPB1, RAD51, and ID1 that we have previously described to be critical in prostatic malignancy. Because expression of PRKC-ζ is functionally involved in promoting the malignant phenotype, we propose PKC-ζ as a novel and biologically relevant target for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- Division of Cellular Pathology and Molecular Genetics, University of Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
Chemotaxis of tumour cells and stromal cells in the surrounding microenvironment is an essential component of tumour dissemination during progression and metastasis. This Review summarizes how chemotaxis directs the different behaviours of tumour cells and stromal cells in vivo, how molecular pathways regulate chemotaxis in tumour cells and how chemotaxis choreographs cell behaviour to shape the tumour microenvironment and to determine metastatic spread. The central importance of chemotaxis in cancer progression is highlighted by discussion of the use of chemotaxis as a prognostic marker, a treatment end point and a target of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia T Roussos
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Program in Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Guo H, Li M, Chen P, Blake DJ, Kong X, Hao X, Niu R, Zhang N. 4-Methyl-3-nitro-benzoic acid, a migration inhibitor, prevents breast cancer metastasis in SCID mice. Cancer Lett 2011; 305:69-75. [PMID: 21429660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis remains a formidable problem in malignant tumors. In this study, MTT assay revealed that 4-methyl-3-nitro-benzoic acid (MNBA) had no effect on cell viability and did not interfere with cell cycle in any breast cancer cell lines tested. However, treatment with MNBA on breast cancer cells can inhibit EGF-induced migration and chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo assay demonstrated that MNBA and Paclitaxel synergistically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer SCID mice xenografts. These results suggest that MNBA is a potent inhibitor cancer cell chemotaxis and may be developed into a novel anti-metastasis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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37
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Manetti F. LIM kinases are attractive targets with many macromolecular partners and only a few small molecule regulators. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:968-98. [PMID: 22886629 DOI: 10.1002/med.20230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The LIM kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are dual specificity (serine/threonine and tyrosine) kinases. Although they show significant structural similarity, LIMK1 and LIMK2 show different expression, subcellular localization, and functions. They are involved in many cellular functions, such as migration, cycle, and neuronal differentiation and also have a role in pathological processes, such as cancer cell invasion and metastatis, as well as in neurodevelopmental disorders (namely, the William's syndrome). LIM kinases have a relevant number of known partners that are able to induce or limit the ability of LIMK1 and LIMK2 to phosphorylate and inactivate their major substrate, cofilin. On the contrary, only a limited number of small molecules that interact with the two proteins to modulate their kinase activity have been identified. In this review, the most important partners of LIM kinases and their modulating activity toward LIMKs are described. The small compounds identified as LIMK1 and LIMK2 modulators are also reported, as well as their role as possible therapeutic agents for LIMK-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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Tervonen TA, Partanen JI, Saarikoski ST, Myllynen M, Marques E, Paasonen K, Moilanen A, Wohlfahrt G, Kovanen PE, Klefstrom J. Faulty epithelial polarity genes and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2011; 111:97-161. [PMID: 21704831 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385524-4.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial architecture is formed in tissues and organs when groups of epithelial cells are organized into polarized structures. The epithelial function and integrity as well as signaling across the epithelial layer is orchestrated by apical junctional complexes (AJCs), which are landmarks for PAR/CRUMBS and lateral SCRIB polarity modules and by dynamic interactions of the cells with underlying basement membrane (BM). These highly organized epithelial architectures are demolished in cancer. In all advanced epithelial cancers, malignant cells have lost polarity and connections to the basement membrane and they have become proliferative, motile, and invasive. Clearly, loss of epithelial integrity associates with tumor progression but does it contribute to tumor development? Evidence from studies in Drosophila and recently also in vertebrate models have suggested that even the oncogene-driven enforced cell proliferation can be conditional, dependant on the influence of cell-cell or cell-microenvironment contacts. Therefore, loss of epithelial integrity may not only be an obligate consequence of unscheduled proliferation of malignant cells but instead, malignant epithelial cells may need to acquire capacity to break free from the constraints of integrity to freely and autonomously proliferate. We discuss how epithelial polarity complexes form and regulate epithelial integrity, highlighting the roles of enzymes Rho GTPases, aPKCs, PI3K, and type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). We also discuss relevance of these pathways to cancer in light of genetic alterations found in human cancers and review molecular pathways and potential pharmacological strategies to revert or selectively eradicate disorganized tumor epithelium.
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Nazarenko I, Jenny M, Keil J, Gieseler C, Weisshaupt K, Sehouli J, Legewie S, Herbst L, Weichert W, Darb-Esfahani S, Dietel M, Schäfer R, Ueberall F, Sers C. Atypical protein kinase C zeta exhibits a proapoptotic function in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:919-34. [PMID: 20501645 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling governed by serine/threonine kinases comprises the molecular interface between cell surface receptors and the nuclear transcriptional machinery. The protein kinase C (PKC) family members are involved in the control of many signaling processes directing cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Here, we examined a role of different PKC isoenzymes in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and HRSL3 tumor suppressor-dependent cell death induction in the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3. Phosphorylation and activity of PKC isoenzymes were measured in response to PP2A or phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition or HRSL3 overexpression. These experiments indicated a regulation of PKC, epsilon, zeta, and iota through PP2A and/or HRSL3, but not of PKCalpha and beta. Using isoform-specific peptide inhibitors and overexpression approaches, we verified a contribution to PP2A- and HRLS3-dependent apoptosis only for PKCzeta, suggesting a proapoptotic function of this kinase. We observed a significant proportion of human ovarian carcinomas expressing high levels of PKCzeta, which correlated with poor prognosis. Primary ovarian carcinoma cells isolated from patients also responded to okadaic acid treatment with increased phosphorylation of PKCzeta and apoptosis induction. Thus, our data indicate a contribution of PKCzeta in survival control in ovarian carcinoma cells and suggest that upregulation or activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in this tumor might impinge onto apoptosis control through the negative regulation of the atypical PKCzeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nazarenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Valkova C, Mertens C, Weisheit S, Imhof D, Liebmann C. Activation by Tyrosine Phosphorylation as a Prerequisite for Protein Kinase Cζ to Mediate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling to ERK. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:783-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yamashita K, Gon Y, Shimokawa T, Nunomura S, Endo D, Miyata N, Hashimoto S, Van Lint J, Ra C. High affinity receptor for IgE stimulation activates protein kinase D augmenting activator protein-1 activity for cytokine producing in mast cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:277-83. [PMID: 19932769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine-threonine kinase involved in the activation of a variety of cells. In mast cells, activation of PKD by cross-linking of high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) has been reported, but little is known for its effects on cytokine production. We investigated the roles of PKD on FcepsilonRI-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation and proinflammatory cytokine productions in mast cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PKD strongly inhibited production of interleukin (IL)-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced by FcepsilonRI stimulation, and the overexpression of PKD significantly increased the IL-13 and TNF-alpha production. Reporter assay revealed that the overexpression of PKD enhanced FcepsilonRI-induced IL-13 promoter activation, and that the 5'-flanking region of IL-13 gene from positions -110 to -52 was under the regulation of PKD. The overexpression of PKD enhanced the induction of AP-1 luciferase activity by FcepsilonRI stimulation, while it had no effect on luciferase activities dependent upon NF-kappaB and NF-AT activated by FcepsilonRI stimulation. In EMSA, c-Jun and c-Fos appear to be the major components of AP-1 complexes activated by FcepsilonRI stimulation. Moreover the overexpression of PKD strongly enhanced the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and c-Fos following FcepsilonRI stimulation. Although stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is known to be an important regulator for c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation, overexpression and inhibition of PKD had no effects on JNK phosphorylation. These results suggest that PKD may play a pivotal role in FcepsilonRI-induced cytokine production in mast cells through the activation of c-Jun, c-Fos, and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Rohrbeck A, Borlak J. Cancer genomics identifies regulatory gene networks associated with the transition from dysplasia to advanced lung adenocarcinomas induced by c-Raf-1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7315. [PMID: 19812696 PMCID: PMC2754338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity. To improve an understanding of molecular causes of disease a transgenic mouse model was investigated where targeted expression of the serine threonine kinase c-Raf to respiratory epithelium induced initially dysplasia and subsequently adenocarcinomas. This enables dissection of genetic events associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By laser microdissection cancer cell populations were harvested and subjected to whole genome expression analyses. Overall 473 and 541 genes were significantly regulated, when cancer versus transgenic and non-transgenic cells were compared, giving rise to three distinct and one common regulatory gene network. At advanced stages of tumor growth predominately repression of gene expression was observed, but genes previously shown to be up-regulated in dysplasia were also up-regulated in solid tumors. Regulation of developmental programs as well as epithelial mesenchymal and mesenchymal endothelial transition was a hall mark of adenocarcinomas. Additionally, genes coding for cell adhesion, i.e. the integrins and the tight and gap junction proteins were repressed, whereas ligands for receptor tyrosine kinase such as epi- and amphiregulin were up-regulated. Notably, Vegfr- 2 and its ligand Vegfd, as well as Notch and Wnt signalling cascades were regulated as were glycosylases that influence cellular recognition. Other regulated signalling molecules included guanine exchange factors that play a role in an activation of the MAP kinases while several tumor suppressors i.e. Mcc, Hey1, Fat3, Armcx1 and Reck were significantly repressed. Finally, probable molecular switches forcing dysplastic cells into malignantly transformed cells could be identified. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study provides insight into molecular pertubations allowing dysplasia to progress further to adenocarcinoma induced by exaggerted c-Raf kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Wu J, Zhang B, Wu M, Li H, Niu R, Ying G, Zhang N. Screening of a PKC ζ-specific kinase inhibitor PKCzI257.3 which inhibits EGF-induced breast cancer cell chemotaxis. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:268-75. [PMID: 19326049 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guo H, Ma Y, Zhang B, Sun B, Niu R, Ying G, Zhang N. Pivotal Advance: PKCzeta is required for migration of macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 85:911-8. [PMID: 19201988 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0708429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk, mediated by chemoattractants, between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages, plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Our previous study reported that atypical protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) regulates epidermal growth factor-induced chemotaxis of human breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the role of PKCzeta in CSF-1-induced chemotaxis of macrophages. Knockdown of PKCzeta by small interference RNA impaired CSF-1-induced chemotaxis of human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1, which was probably a result of a decrease in CSF-1-induced phosphorylation of LIN-11, Is11, and MEC-3 protein domain kinase (LIMK)/cofilin and actin polymerization. Furthermore, silencing PKCzeta expression also impaired migration of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Scratch analysis indicated that PKCzeta was required for macrophage migration. Therefore, PKCzeta is required for CSF-1-induced chemotaxis of macrophages. Blocking activation of PKCzeta will be a novel strategy to inhibit cancer metastasis by blocking migration of cancer cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Guo H, Gu F, Li W, Zhang B, Niu R, Fu L, Zhang N, Ma Y. Reduction of protein kinase C zeta inhibits migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2009; 109:203-13. [PMID: 19187446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive forms of primary brain tumors with their tendency to invade surrounding healthy brain tissues, rendering them largely incurable. In this report, we used small-interference RNA technology to knock down the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) zeta, which resulted in specific and massive impairment of glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. We also explained the fundamental molecular processes of glioblastoma migration and invasion in which PKCzeta is a participant. The silence of PKCzeta expression likewise impaired the phosphorylation of LIN-11, Isl1 and MEC-3 protein domain kinase (LIMK) and cofilin, which is a critical step in cofilin recycling and actin polymerization. Consistent with the defects in cell adhesion, phosphorylation of integrin beta1 was also dampened. Therefore, PKCzeta regulated both cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell adhesion, which contributed to cell migration. Additionally, there was down-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-9 expression in siPKCzeta/LN-229 cells, which coincided with decreased invasion both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that PKCzeta is involved in the control of glioblastoma cell migration and invasion by regulating the cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell adhesion, and matrix metalloprotease-9 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that PKCzeta is a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Core Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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