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Jones RJ, Crabb SJ, Linch M, Birtle AJ, McGrane J, Enting D, Stevenson R, Liu K, Kularatne B, Hussain SA. Systemic anticancer therapy for urothelial carcinoma: UK oncologists' perspective. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:897-907. [PMID: 38191608 PMCID: PMC10951251 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common cancer associated with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. Platinum-based chemotherapy has remained the cornerstone of systemic anticancer treatment for many years, and recent developments in the treatment landscape have improved outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of systemic treatment for UC, including clinical data supporting the current standard of care at each point in the treatment pathway and author interpretations from a UK perspective. Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended for eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and is preferable to adjuvant treatment. For first-line treatment of advanced UC, platinum-eligible patients should receive cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy, followed by avelumab maintenance in those without disease progression. Among patients unable to receive platinum-based chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is an option for those with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumours. Second-line or later treatment options depend on prior treatment, and enfortumab vedotin is preferred after prior ICI and chemotherapy, although availability varies between countries. Additional options include rechallenge with platinum-based chemotherapy, an ICI, or non-platinum-based chemotherapy. Areas of uncertainty include the optimal number of first-line chemotherapy cycles for advanced UC and the value of PD-L1 testing for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Jones
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon J Crabb
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison J Birtle
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
- University of Central Lancashire, Lancaster, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kin Liu
- Merck Serono Ltd., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Feltham, UK
| | | | - Syed A Hussain
- University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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Crabb S, Wickens R, Jane-Bibby S, Dunkley D, Lawrence M, Knight A, Jones R, Birtle A, Huddart R, Linch M, Martin J, Coleman A, Boukas K, Markham H, Griffiths G. Evaluating atezolizumab in patients with urinary tract squamous cell carcinoma (AURORA): study protocol for a single arm, open-label, multicentre, phase II clinical trial. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:885. [PMID: 37726695 PMCID: PMC10510135 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder and urinary tract cancers account for approximately 21,000 new diagnoses and 5,000 deaths annually in the UK. Approximately 90% are transitional cell carcinomas where advanced disease is treated with platinum based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 directed immunotherapy. Urinary tract squamous cell carcinoma (UTSCC) accounts for about 5% of urinary tract cancers overall making this a rare disease. We have yet to establish definitive systemic treatment options for advanced UTSCC. Preliminary translational data, from UTSCC patient tumour samples, indicate high PD-L1 expression and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in a proportion of cases. Both of these features are associated with differential gene expression consistent with a tumour/immune microenvironment predicted to be susceptible to immune checkpoint directed immunotherapy which we will evaluate in the AURORA trial. METHODS AURORA is a single arm, open-label, multicentre,UK phase II clinical trial. 33 patients will be recruited from UK secondary care sites. Patients with UTSCC, suitable for treatment with palliative intent, will receive atezolizumab PD-L1 directed immunotherapy (IV infusion, 1680 mg, every 28 days) for one year if tolerated. Response assessment, by cross sectional imaging will occur every 12 weeks. AURORA uses a Simon's 2-stage optimal design with best overall objective response rate (ORR, by RECIST v1.1) at a minimum of 12 weeks from commencing treatment as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints will include overall survival, progression-free survival, duration of response, magnitude of response using waterfall plots of target lesion measurements, quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30 tool, safety and tolerability (CTCAE v5) and evaluation of potential biomarkers of treatment response including PD-L1 expression. Archival tumour samples and blood samples will be collected for translational analyses. DISCUSSION If this trial shows atezolizumab to be safe and effective it may lead to a future late phase randomised controlled trial in UTSCC. Ultimately, we hope to provide a new option for treatment for such patients. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS EudraCT Number: 2021-001995-32 (issued 8th September 2021); ISRCTN83474167 (registered 11 May 2022); NCT05038657 (issued 9th September 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Crabb
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Robin Wickens
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Jane-Bibby
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Denise Dunkley
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Megan Lawrence
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Allen Knight
- Action Bladder Cancer UK (Registered Charity No: 1164374), Tetbury, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison Birtle
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | | | - Mark Linch
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Coleman
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos Boukas
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub Laboratory (WISH Lab), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hannah Markham
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Hasan AMM, Cremaschi P, Wetterskog D, Jayaram A, Wong SQ, Williams S, Pasam A, Trigos A, Trujillo B, Grist E, Friedrich S, Vainauskas O, Parry M, Ismail M, Devlies W, Wingate A, Linch M, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Swanton C, Jamal-Hanjani M, Lise S, Sandhu S, Attard G. Copy number architectures define treatment-mediated selection of lethal prostate cancer clones. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4823. [PMID: 37563129 PMCID: PMC10415299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite initial responses to hormone treatment, metastatic prostate cancer invariably evolves to a lethal state. To characterize the intra-patient evolutionary relationships of metastases that evade treatment, we perform genome-wide copy number profiling and bespoke approaches targeting the androgen receptor (AR) on 167 metastatic regions from 11 organs harvested post-mortem from 10 men who died from prostate cancer. We identify diverse and patient-unique alterations clustering around the AR in metastases from every patient with evidence of independent acquisition of related genomic changes within an individual and, in some patients, the co-existence of AR-neutral clones. Using the genomic boundaries of pan-autosome copy number changes, we confirm a common clone of origin across metastases and diagnostic biopsies, and identified in individual patients, clusters of metastases occupied by dominant clones with diverged autosomal copy number alterations. These autosome-defined clusters are characterized by cluster-specific AR gene architectures, and in two index cases are topologically more congruent than by chance (p-values 3.07 × 10-8 and 6.4 × 10-4). Integration with anatomical sites suggests patterns of spread and points of genomic divergence. Here, we show that copy number boundaries identify treatment-selected clones with putatively distinct lethal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anuradha Jayaram
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Williams
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anupama Pasam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Trigos
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Blanca Trujillo
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Emily Grist
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Marina Parry
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Wout Devlies
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Wingate
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefano Lise
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Gerhardt Attard
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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Powles T, Kockx M, Rodriguez-Vida A, Duran I, Crabb SJ, Van Der Heijden MS, Szabados B, Pous AF, Gravis G, Herranz UA, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez MJ, Suarez C, Linch M, Prendergast A, van Dam PJ, Stanoeva D, Daelemans S, Mariathasan S, Tea JS, Mousa K, Banchereau R, Castellano D. Publisher Correction: Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial. Nat Med 2023:10.1038/s41591-023-02312-9. [PMID: 36944799 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Albert Font Pous
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B.ARGO)-IGTP, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Urbano Anido Herranz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Saint-Andre, University of Bordeaux-CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Maillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Jose Mendez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aaron Prendergast
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sofie Daelemans
- HistogeneX N.V, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kelly Mousa
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Linch M, Liu G, Crabb S, Beer T, Heath E, Gordon M, de Bono J, Pashova H, Tudor I, Custodio J, Mann G, Morris M. 1397P Phase I results of exicorilant plus enzalutamide in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Linch M, Ferrario C, Stoeckle M, Laguerre B, Arranz Arija J, Todenhöfer T, Fong P, Piulats Rodriguez J, Berry W, Emmenegger U, Mourey L, Mar N, Appleman L, Joshua A, Conter H, Li X, Schloss C, Poehlein C, de Bono J, Yu E. 1389P Two-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-365 cohort D: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus abiraterone acetate (abi) and prednisone in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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7
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Yu EY, Kolinsky MP, Berry WR, Retz M, Mourey L, Piulats JM, Appleman LJ, Romano E, Gravis G, Gurney H, Bögemann M, Emmenegger U, Joshua AM, Linch M, Sridhar S, Conter HJ, Laguerre B, Massard C, Li XT, Schloss C, Poehlein CH, de Bono JS. Pembrolizumab Plus Docetaxel and Prednisone in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Long-term Results from the Phase 1b/2 KEYNOTE-365 Cohort B Study. Eur Urol 2022; 82:22-30. [PMID: 35397952 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) frequently receive docetaxel after they develop resistance to abiraterone or enzalutamide and need more efficacious treatments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab plus docetaxel and prednisone in patients with mCRPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The trial included patients with mCRPC in the phase 1b/2 KEYNOTE-365 cohort B study who were chemotherapy naïve and who experienced failure of or were intolerant to ≥4 wk of abiraterone or enzalutamide for mCRPC with progressive disease within 6 mo of screening. INTERVENTION Pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously (IV) every 3 wk (Q3W), docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV Q3W, and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary endpoints were safety, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate, and the objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints included time to PSA progression; the disease control rate (DCR) and duration of response (DOR) according to RECIST v1.1 by BICR; ORR, DCR, DOR, and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 3-modified RECIST v1.1 by BICR; and overall survival (OS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among 104 treated patients, 52 had measurable disease. The median time from allocation to data cutoff (July 9, 2020) was 32.4 mo, during which 101 patients discontinued treatment, 81 (78%) for disease progression. The confirmed PSA response rate was 34% and the confirmed ORR (RECIST v1.1) was 23%. Median rPFS and OS were 8.5 mo and 20.2 mo, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 100 patients (96%). Grade 3-5 TRAEs occurred in 46 patients (44%). Seven AE-related deaths (6.7%) occurred (2 due to treatment-related pneumonitis). Limitations of the study include the single-arm design and small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab plus docetaxel and prednisone demonstrated antitumor activity in chemotherapy-naïve patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide for mCRPC. Safety was consistent with profiles for the individual agents. Further investigation is warranted. PATIENT SUMMARY We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab combined with the chemotherapy drug docetaxel and the steroid prednisone for patients with metastatic prostate cancer resistant to androgen deprivation therapy , and who never received chemotherapy. The combination showed antitumor activity and manageable safety in this patient population. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02861573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Y Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, G4-830, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - William R Berry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Center Cary, Cary, NC, USA
| | - Margitta Retz
- Department of Urology, Rechts der Isar Medical Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Loic Mourey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonard J Appleman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaelle Gravis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Howard Gurney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Bögemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital and UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Srikala Sridhar
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, UHN Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry J Conter
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Western Ontario, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - Brigitte Laguerre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Department of Drug Development, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Xin Tong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Charles Schloss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Johann S de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Orlando F, Romanel A, Trujillo B, Sigouros M, Wetterskog D, Quaini O, Leone G, Xiang JZ, Wingate A, Tagawa S, Jayaram A, Linch M, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C, Rubin MA, Wyatt AW, Beltran H, Attard G, Demichelis F. Allele-informed copy number evaluation of plasma DNA samples from metastatic prostate cancer patients: the PCF_SELECT consortium assay. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac016. [PMID: 35664542 PMCID: PMC9154344 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cancer patients' plasma offers a minimally-invasive solution to detect tumor cell genomic alterations to aid real-time clinical decision-making. The reliability of copy number detection decreases at lower cfDNA tumor fractions, limiting utility at earlier stages of the disease. To test a novel strategy for detection of allelic imbalance, we developed a prostate cancer bespoke assay, PCF_SELECT, that includes an innovative sequencing panel covering ∼25 000 high minor allele frequency SNPs and tailored analytical solutions to enable allele-informed evaluation. First, we assessed it on plasma samples from 50 advanced prostate cancer patients. We then confirmed improved detection of genomic alterations in samples with <10% tumor fractions when compared against an independent assay. Finally, we applied PCF_SELECT to serial plasma samples intensively collected from three patients previously characterized as harboring alterations involving DNA repair genes and consequently offered PARP inhibition. We identified more extensive pan-genome allelic imbalance than previously recognized in prostate cancer. We confirmed high sensitivity detection of BRCA2 allelic imbalance with decreasing tumor fractions resultant from treatment and identified complex ATM genomic states that may be incongruent with protein losses. Overall, we present a framework for sensitive detection of allele-specific copy number changes in cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orlando
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Blanca Trujillo
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Orsetta Quaini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Leone
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Jenny Z Xiang
- The Genomics Resources Core Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine. NY, NY, USA
| | - Anna Wingate
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Scott Tagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine. NY, NY, USA
| | - Anuradha Jayaram
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research and Bern Center of Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerhardt Attard
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
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9
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Choudhury AD, Higano CS, de Bono JS, Cook N, Rathkopf DE, Wisinski KB, Martin-Liberal J, Linch M, Heath EI, Baird RD, García-Carbacho J, Quintela-Fandino M, Barry ST, de Bruin EC, Colebrook S, Hawkins G, Klinowska T, Maroj B, Moorthy G, Mortimer PG, Moschetta M, Nikolaou M, Sainsbury L, Shapiro GI, Siu LL, Hansen AR. A Phase I Study Investigating AZD8186, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PI3Kβ/δ, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2257-2269. [PMID: 35247924 PMCID: PMC9662946 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize safety and tolerability of the selective PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186, identify a recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and assess preliminary efficacy in combination with abiraterone acetate or vistusertib. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I open-label study included patients with advanced solid tumors, particularly prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and squamous non-small cell lung cancer. The study comprised four arms: (i) AZD8186 monotherapy dose finding; (ii) monotherapy dose expansion; (iii) AZD8186/abiraterone acetate (with prednisone); and (iv) AZD8186/vistusertib. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and identification of the RP2D of AZD8186 monotherapy and in combination. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and tumor and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses. RESULTS In total, 161 patients were enrolled. AZD8186 was well tolerated across all study arms, the most common adverse events being gastrointestinal symptoms. In the monotherapy dose-finding arm, four patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (mainly rash). AZD8186 doses of 60-mg twice daily [BID; 5 days on, 2 days off (5:2)] and 120-mg BID (continuous and 5:2 dosing) were taken into subsequent arms. The PKs of AZD8186 were dose proportional, without interactions with abiraterone acetate or vistusertib, and target inhibition was observed in plasma and tumor tissue. Monotherapy and combination therapy showed preliminary evidence of limited antitumor activity by imaging and, in prostate cancer, PSA reduction. CONCLUSIONS AZD8186 monotherapy had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, and combination with abiraterone acetate/prednisone or vistusertib was also tolerated. There was preliminary evidence of antitumor activity, meriting further exploration of AZD8186 in subsequent studies in PI3Kβ pathway-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D. Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Cook
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dana E. Rathkopf
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kari B. Wisinski
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Linch
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute and UCL Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Javier García-Carbacho
- Department of Medical Oncology (Hospital Clinic Barcelona)/Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brijesh Maroj
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ganesh Moorthy
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology (CPQP), Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Liz Sainsbury
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Corresponding Author: Aaron R. Hansen, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 700 University Avenue, Suite 7-623, Toronto, ON M5G 1×6, Canada. E-mail:
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Piulats J, Ferrario C, Linch M, Stoeckle M, Laguerre B, Arranz J, Todenhoefer T, Fong P, Berry W, Emmenegger U, Mourey L, Mar N, Appleman L, Joshua A, Conter H, Li XT, Schloss C, Poehlein C, Bono JD, Yu E. 351 KEYNOTE-365 cohort D: pembrolizumab plus abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTreatment with abiraterone acetate + prednisone can improve outcomes in mCRPC patients with or without prior chemotherapy. Cohort D of phase 1b/2 study KEYNOTE-365 (NCT02861573) evaluated safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab + abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients who had not received chemotherapy for mCRPC.MethodsPatients were enrolled who had not received second-generation hormonal manipulation for mCRPC or failed/were intolerant to enzalutamide for mCRPC; had progressive disease ≤6 months before screening; and had ECOG PS 0/1. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV Q3W + abiraterone acetate 1000 mg orally QD and prednisone 5 mg orally BID. Primary end points: safety, PSA response rate (PSA decrease ≥50% from baseline), and confirmed ORR per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points: rPFS per PCWG3-modified RECIST v1.1, DCR, DOR, and OS.ResultsOne hundred three patients were treated. Median (range) age was 70.0 (46–89) years, 30.1% were PD-L1+, 35.9% had RECIST-measurable disease, 18.4% had visceral disease, and 26.2% had previously received enzalutamide only. Median (range) time from enrollment to data cutoff was 17.6 (9.7–27.0) months. Confirmed PSA response rate in patients with PSA measurement at baseline (n=103) was 56.3%. For 37 patients with RECIST-measurable disease, ORR was 16.2% (1 CR; 5 PRs); 2 patients with RECIST-nonmeasurable disease had CR. In total population, 5 patients had a response ≥6 months; DCR was 44.7%. ORR for RECIST-measurable patients was 7.7% for those who previously received enzalutamide only (n=13) and 21.7% for those who had not previously received NHAs (n=23); DCR was 11.1% in all patients who previously received enzalutamide (n=27) and 57.3% in all patients who had not received NHAs (n=75). Median (95% CI) rPFS was 15.1 (9.2-NR) months; rPFS at 12 months was 54.9%. Median (95% CI) OS was NR (23.3 months-NR); OS at 12 months was 82.9%. Sixty-nine patients (67.0%) discontinued treatment, mostly because of progressive disease (37.9%). Treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were experienced by 90.3% of patients and most common (≥15%) were ALT increase (22.3%), AST increase (17.5%), asthenia (16.5%), and diarrhea (16.5%); 36.9% experienced grade 3–5 TRAEs. There were 18.4%/12.5% grade 3 or 4 ALT/AST laboratory elevations. Five patients died of AEs; 1 was treatment related (myasthenic syndrome).ConclusionsPembrolizumab + abiraterone acetate and prednisone demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with chemotherapy-naive mCRPC. Safety was generally consistent with individual profiles of each agent. There was an increased incidence of grade 3–4 ALT/AST laboratory elevations.AcknowledgementsMedical writing and/or editorial assistance was provided by Matthew Grzywacz, PhD, of ApotheCom (Yardley, PA, USA). This assistance was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Funding for this research was provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrialsgov, identifier: NCT02861573Ethics ApprovalThe study and the protocol were approved by the Institutional Review Board or ethics committee at each site.
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11
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Linch M, Papai Z, Takacs I, Imedio ER, Kühnle MC, Derhovanessian E, Vogler I, Renken S, Graham P, Sahin U, Türeci Ö. 421 A first-in-human (FIH) phase I/IIa clinical trial assessing a ribonucleic acid lipoplex (RNA-LPX) encoding shared tumor antigens for immunotherapy of prostate cancer; preliminary analysis of PRO-MERIT. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPRO-MERIT is a FIH, open-label, multicenter, Phase I/IIa trial investigating a liposomal RNA vaccine (BNT112) targeting the prostate cancer tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) kallikrein-2, kallikrein-3, acid phosphatase prostate, homeobox B13 (HOXB13), and NK3 homeobox 1. BNT112 is being investigated as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and newly diagnosed high risk localized prostate cancer (LPC).MethodsThe trial involves dose titration in mCRPC patients (who have progressed after at least 2 but no more than 3 lines of systemic therapy) with BNT112 monotherapy (Part 1, fully recruited), followed by expansion cohorts (Part 2, recruiting) in both mCPRC and LPC with either BNT112 as monotherapy or in combination with cemiplimab. Primary trial endpoints investigate safety, tolerability, and preliminary anti-tumor activity (by Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria). Secondary endpoints include determination of systemic induction or expansion of vaccine antigen-specific T cells. Vaccine-induced immune responses are analyzed ex vivo using an interferon-γ enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) assay and following short-term in vitro stimulation.ResultsAs of 17 May 2021, 11 patients have received BNT112 monotherapy (9 Part 1; 2 in Part 2) and 3 patients have received BNT112 in combination with cemiplimab (at least one cycle completed). In Part 1, all 9 patients were stage IV at diagnosis and were receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Median age was 68 years. Two out of 9 patients experienced Grade 3 hypertension, leading to one dose reduction, that was initially reported as dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). All recovered within 24 h with no sequelae and the Safety Review Committee eventually concluded the events did not meet the DLT definition. Most common related adverse events (AEs) were pyrexia and hypertension. Eight serious AEs were reported in 5 patients, all unrelated to BNT112. In the 5 patients in Part 2, no additional safety signals or concerns were identified to date, either with BNT112 as monotherapy or in combination with cemiplimab. ELISpot data showed vaccine-induced immune responses were present in 7/7 ELISpot-evaluable patients. All 5 BNT112 TAAs were found to be immunogenic. Responses to each antigen were observed in at least 2 subjects. Initial responses with decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels have been observed in 2 patients in the BNT112 monotherapy arm.ConclusionsThese data suggest that BNT112 has an acceptable safety profile. Additionally, BNT112 induces robust immune and PSA responses in patients with advanced prostate cancer.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge Camilla West (BioNTech SE) for medical writing support.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT04382898.Ethics ApprovalEthics & Institutional Review Board approvals were obtained from the respective participating countries prior to initiation of the trial.
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12
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Parker PJ, Brown SJ, Calleja V, Chakravarty P, Cobbaut M, Linch M, Marshall JJT, Martini S, McDonald NQ, Soliman T, Watson L. Equivocal, explicit and emergent actions of PKC isoforms in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:51-63. [PMID: 33177705 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The maturing mutational landscape of cancer genomes, the development and application of clinical interventions and evolving insights into tumour-associated functions reveal unexpected features of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. These advances include recent work showing gain or loss-of-function mutations relating to driver or bystander roles, how conformational constraints and plasticity impact this class of proteins and how emergent cancer-associated properties may offer opportunities for intervention. The profound impact of the tumour microenvironment, reflected in the efficacy of immune checkpoint interventions, further prompts to incorporate PKC family actions and interventions in this ecosystem, informed by insights into the control of stromal and immune cell functions. Drugging PKC isoforms has offered much promise, but when and how is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Sophie J Brown
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Veronique Calleja
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Tanya Soliman
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart's Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Lisa Watson
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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13
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Linch M, Lee AJX. Positioning checkpoint blockade in urothelial cancer: PURE-01 and PEANUTS. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1601-1602. [PMID: 33068729 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Alvin J X Lee
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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Szabados B, Rodriguez-Vida A, Duran I, Crabb S, van der Heijden M, Pous AF, Gravis G, Herranz UA, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez M, Suarez C, Linch M, Prendergast A, Tyson C, Mousa K, Castellano D, Powles T. 199O A phase II study investigating neoadjuvant atezolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Final analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Henderson D, Eslamian G, Poon D, Crabb S, Jones R, Sankey P, Kularatne B, Linch M, Josephs D. Republished: Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced large vessel vasculitis. Drug Ther Bull 2020; 59:29-31. [PMID: 33093074 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2020.233496rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Henderson
- Department of Palliative Care, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gelareh Eslamian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Poon
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Sankey
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Bihani Kularatne
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Debra Josephs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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16
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Henderson D, Eslamian G, Poon D, Crabb S, Jones R, Sankey P, Kularatne B, Linch M, Josephs D. Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced large vessel vasculitis. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/5/e233496. [PMID: 32430351 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a 67-year-old patient with castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer who developed an immune-mediated large vessel vasculitis following treatment with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Henderson
- Department of Palliative Care, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gelareh Eslamian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Poon
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Sankey
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Bihani Kularatne
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Debra Josephs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Powles T, Kockx M, Rodriguez-Vida A, Duran I, Crabb SJ, Van Der Heijden MS, Szabados B, Pous AF, Gravis G, Herranz UA, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez MJ, Suarez C, Linch M, Prendergast A, van Dam PJ, Stanoeva D, Daelemans S, Mariathasan S, Tea JS, Mousa K, Banchereau R, Castellano D. Publisher Correction: Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial. Nat Med 2020; 26:983. [PMID: 32555515 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Albert Font Pous
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B.ARGO)-IGTP, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Urbano Anido Herranz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Saint-Andre, University of Bordeaux-CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Maillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Jose Mendez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aaron Prendergast
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sofie Daelemans
- HistogeneX N.V., Wilrijk, Belgium.,Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kelly Mousa
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Waterhouse JV, Hull JH, Linch M. Corticosteroids for Urological Cancer Care During Coronavirus Disease 2019. Treat or Not to Treat? Eur Urol 2020; 78:9-10. [PMID: 32349935 PMCID: PMC7172651 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin V Waterhouse
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James H Hull
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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19
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Jones M, Beuron F, Borg A, Nans A, Earl CP, Briggs DC, Snijders AP, Bowles M, Morris EP, Linch M, McDonald NQ. Cryo-EM structures of the XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease reveal how DNA-junction engagement disrupts an auto-inhibited conformation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1120. [PMID: 32111838 PMCID: PMC7048804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-specific endonuclease XPF-ERCC1 participates in multiple DNA damage repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair (NER) and inter-strand crosslink repair (ICLR). How XPF-ERCC1 is catalytically activated by DNA junction substrates is not currently understood. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of both DNA-free and DNA-bound human XPF-ERCC1. DNA-free XPF-ERCC1 adopts an auto-inhibited conformation in which the XPF helical domain masks the ERCC1 (HhH)2 domain and restricts access to the XPF catalytic site. DNA junction engagement releases the ERCC1 (HhH)2 domain to couple with the XPF-ERCC1 nuclease/nuclease-like domains. Structure-function data indicate xeroderma pigmentosum patient mutations frequently compromise the structural integrity of XPF-ERCC1. Fanconi anaemia patient mutations in XPF often display substantial in-vitro activity but are resistant to activation by ICLR recruitment factor SLX4. Our data provide insights into XPF-ERCC1 architecture and catalytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Jones
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Fabienne Beuron
- Structural Electron Microscopy, The Institute of Cancer Research, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - Aaron Borg
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Earl
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - David C Briggs
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Maureen Bowles
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Edward P Morris
- Structural Electron Microscopy, The Institute of Cancer Research, SW7 3RP, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, WC1E 6AG, London, England, UK
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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20
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Powles T, Kockx M, Rodriguez-Vida A, Duran I, Crabb SJ, Van Der Heijden MS, Szabados B, Pous AF, Gravis G, Herranz UA, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez MJ, Suarez C, Linch M, Prendergast A, van Dam PJ, Stanoeva D, Daelemans S, Mariathasan S, Tea JS, Mousa K, Banchereau R, Castellano D. Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial. Nat Med 2019; 25:1706-1714. [PMID: 31686036 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies targeting PD-1 or its ligand 1 PD-L1 such as atezolizumab, have great efficacy in a proportion of metastatic urothelial cancers1,2. Biomarkers may facilitate identification of these responding tumors3. Neoadjuvant use of these agents is associated with pathological complete response in a spectrum of tumors, including urothelial cancer4-7. Sequential tissue sampling from these studies allowed for detailed on-treatment biomarker analysis. Here, we present a single-arm phase 2 study, investigating two cycles of atezolizumab before cystectomy in 95 patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02662309). Pathological complete response was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints focused on safety, relapse-free survival and biomarker analysis. The pathological complete response rate was 31% (95% confidence interval: 21-41%), achieving the primary efficacy endpoint. Baseline biomarkers showed that the presence of preexisting activated T cells was more prominent than expected and correlated with outcome. Other established biomarkers, such as tumor mutational burden, did not predict outcome, differentiating this from the metastatic setting. Dynamic changes to gene expression signatures and protein biomarkers occurred with therapy, whereas changes in DNA alterations with treatment were uncommon. Responding tumors showed predominant expression of genes related to tissue repair after treatment, making tumor biomarker interpretation challenging in this group. Stromal factors such as transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast activation protein were linked to resistance, as was high expression of cell cycle gene signatures after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Albert Font Pous
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B.ARGO)-IGTP, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Urbano Anido Herranz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Saint-Andre, University of Bordeaux-CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Maillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Jose Mendez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aaron Prendergast
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sofie Daelemans
- HistogeneX N.V., Wilrijk, Belgium
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kelly Mousa
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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de Bono J, Hansen A, Choudhury A, Cook N, Heath E, Higano C, Linch M, Martin-Liberal J, Rathkopf D, Wisinski K, Barry S, de Bruin E, Brugger W, Colebrook S, Klinowska T, Moschetta M, Mortimer P, Siu L, Shapiro G. AZD8186, a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kβ/δ, as monotherapy and in combination with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP), in patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Castellano D, Duran I, Rodríguez-Vida A, Crabb S, van der Heijden M, Font Pous A, Gravis G, Anido Herranz U, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez-Vidal M, Suarez C, Lorch A, Sternberg C, Linch M, Sarker SJ, Notta J, Mousa K, Powles T. A phase II study investigating the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvent atezolizumab in muscle invasive bladder cancer (ABACUS). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy283.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCLH, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, UCLH, London, UK.
| | - G Attard
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London; The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
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Szabados B, van Dijk N, Tang YZ, van der Heijden MS, Wimalasingham A, Gomez de Liano A, Chowdhury S, Hughes S, Rudman S, Linch M, Powles T. Response Rate to Chemotherapy After Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol 2018; 73:149-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Linch M, Goh G, Hiley C, Shanmugabavan Y, McGranahan N, Rowan A, Wong YNS, King H, Furness A, Freeman A, Linares J, Akarca A, Herrero J, Rosenthal R, Harder N, Schmidt G, Wilson GA, Birkbak NJ, Mitter R, Dentro S, Cathcart P, Arya M, Johnston E, Scott R, Hung M, Emberton M, Attard G, Szallasi Z, Punwani S, Quezada SA, Marafioti T, Gerlinger M, Ahmed HU, Swanton C. Intratumoural evolutionary landscape of high-risk prostate cancer: the PROGENY study of genomic and immune parameters. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2472-2480. [PMID: 28961847 PMCID: PMC5815564 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) is well recognised in prostate cancer (PC), but its role in high-risk disease is uncertain. A prospective, single-arm, translational study using targeted multiregion prostate biopsies was carried out to study genomic and T-cell ITH in clinically high-risk PC aiming to identify drivers and potential therapeutic strategies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine men with elevated prostate-specific antigen and multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging detected PC underwent image-guided multiregion transperineal biopsy. Seventy-nine tumour regions from 25 patients with PC underwent sequencing, analysis of mutations, copy number and neoepitopes combined with tumour infiltrating T-cell subset quantification. RESULTS We demonstrated extensive somatic nucleotide variation and somatic copy number alteration heterogeneity in high-risk PC. Overall, the mutational burden was low (0.93/Megabase), but two patients had hypermutation, with loss of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MSH2 and MSH6. Somatic copy number alteration burden was higher in patients with metastatic hormone-naive PC (mHNPC) than in those with high-risk localised PC (hrlPC), independent of Gleason grade. Mutations were rarely ubiquitous and mutational frequencies were similar for mHNPC and hrlPC patients. Enrichment of focal 3q26.2 and 3q21.3, regions containing putative metastasis drivers, was seen in mHNPC patients. We found evidence of parallel evolution with three separate clones containing activating mutations of β-catenin in a single patient. We demonstrated extensive intratumoural and intertumoural T-cell heterogeneity and high inflammatory infiltrate in the MMR-deficient (MMRD) patients and the patient with parallel evolution of β-catenin. Analysis of all patients with activating Wnt/β-catenin mutations demonstrated a low CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio, a potential surrogate marker of immune evasion. CONCLUSIONS The PROGENY (PROstate cancer GENomic heterogeneitY) study provides a diagnostic platform suitable for studying tumour ITH. Genetic aberrations in clinically high-risk PC are associated with altered patterns of immune infiltrate in tumours. Activating mutations of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway or MMRD could be considered as potential biomarkers for immunomodulation therapies. CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02022371.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linch
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Goh
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - C Hiley
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK;; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Y Shanmugabavan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N McGranahan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - A Rowan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Y N S Wong
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - H King
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - A Furness
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - A Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Linares
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Akarca
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - R Rosenthal
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - G A Wilson
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - N J Birkbak
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - R Mitter
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - S Dentro
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK;; Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Cathcart
- The Urology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Arya
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK;; Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Johnston
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Universtiy College London, London, UK
| | - R Scott
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Hung
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK;; Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Attard
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK;; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Szallasi
- Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;; Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;; MTA-SE-NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Punwani
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Universtiy College London, London, UK
| | - S A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - T Marafioti
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Gerlinger
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK;; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - H U Ahmed
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK;; Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK;; Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - C Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK;; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK;.
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Wong Y, Joshi K, Khetrapal P, Ismail M, Linares J, Akarca A, Reading J, Furness A, Feber A, McGovern U, Swanton C, Freeman A, Briggs T, Kelly J, Marafioti T, Peggs K, Powles T, Chain B, Linch M, Quezada S. Urine-derived lymphocytes (UDLs) as a non-invasive surrogate marker of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx371.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wong YNS, Joshi K, Pule M, Peggs KS, Swanton C, Quezada SA, Linch M. Evolving adoptive cellular therapies in urological malignancies. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e341-e353. [PMID: 28593860 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have long been used to treat urological cancers but rarely lead to cure. In the past 5 years, success of immune checkpoint inhibition has led to a resurgence of enthusiasm for immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumours. Increased understanding of tumour immune biology, technological advancements of gene transfer and cell culture, and improved clinical infrastructures for routine delivery of cell products, has made cell-based immunotherapeutics a real prospect for cancer therapy. These scientific and clinical activities, attempting to exploit the innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeutic gain, are well exemplified by the urological malignancies of renal, bladder, prostate, and penile cancer, a group of anatomically localised diseases, each with a distinct biology and different immunotherapeutic challenges. In this Review, we present the results of clinical studies investigating autologous cellular therapies in urological malignancies. Specifically, we discuss the rationale for upcoming studies, and how novel therapies and adoptive cell combinations can be used for personalised cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kroopa Joshi
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Karl S Peggs
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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Kristeleit R, Miller R, Sellers L, Brown N, Gougis P, Boyd A, Morris G, Payne H, Hughes S, Forster M, Linch M. A first-in-human (FIH) phase I/II, dose escalation, pharmacokinetic (PK) study to assess the safety and tolerability of VAL-201 in patients with advanced prostate cancer (APC) and other advanced solid tumours. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw368.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Donaghy J, Lopes A, Ali M, Davda R, Mascoll J, Forgenie J, Howard S, McGovern U, Payne H, Mitra A, Linch M. An end of life prognostic score for patients with metastatic prostate cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw384.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soriano EV, Ivanova ME, Fletcher G, Riou P, Knowles PP, Barnouin K, Purkiss A, Kostelecky B, Saiu P, Linch M, Elbediwy A, Kjær S, O'Reilly N, Snijders AP, Parker PJ, Thompson BJ, McDonald NQ. aPKC Inhibition by Par3 CR3 Flanking Regions Controls Substrate Access and Underpins Apical-Junctional Polarization. Dev Cell 2016; 38:384-98. [PMID: 27554858 PMCID: PMC4998004 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is a key apical-basal polarity determinant and Par complex component. It is recruited by Par3/Baz (Bazooka in Drosophila) into epithelial apical domains through high-affinity interaction. Paradoxically, aPKC also phosphorylates Par3/Baz, provoking its relocalization to adherens junctions (AJs). We show that Par3 conserved region 3 (CR3) forms a tight inhibitory complex with a primed aPKC kinase domain, blocking substrate access. A CR3 motif flanking its PKC consensus site disrupts the aPKC kinase N lobe, separating P-loop/αB/αC contacts. A second CR3 motif provides a high-affinity anchor. Mutation of either motif switches CR3 to an efficient in vitro substrate by exposing its phospho-acceptor site. In vivo, mutation of either CR3 motif alters Par3/Baz localization from apical to AJs. Our results reveal how Par3/Baz CR3 can antagonize aPKC in stable apical Par complexes and suggests that modulation of CR3 inhibitory arms or opposing aPKC pockets would perturb the interaction, promoting Par3/Baz phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika V Soriano
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Marina E Ivanova
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Georgina Fletcher
- Epithelial Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Philippe Riou
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Philip P Knowles
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Karin Barnouin
- Protein Analysis, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Andrew Purkiss
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Brenda Kostelecky
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Peter Saiu
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- Epithelial Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Svend Kjær
- Protein Purification Facilities, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Barry J Thompson
- Epithelial Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Structural Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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roffey J, Turnbull A, Dillon C, Boyd S, Riou P, Linch M, Parker P, Kjaer S, McDonald N. Abstract LB-052: Kinase identification of proximal substrates (KIPS): A novel chemical genetics approach for kinase substrate identification. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-lb-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Protein kinases are attractive targets for pharmacological intervention through their frequent disease associated aberration of cellular signalling networks. In this context an understanding of the myriad of substrates on which a protein kinase operates can help to reveal potential pharmacodynamic and patient stratification biomarkers. Kinase Identification of Proximal Substrates (KIPS) utilises an innovative chemical genetics approach to identify novel proximal biomarkers of kinase target response. This approach relies on the generation of a desensitized mutant protein that retains its kinase function, but loses sensitivity to small-molecule mediated inhibition. Comparative phospho-proteomics is performed on immuno-complexes of tagged wild type and mutant protein kinases in the presence and absence of inhibitor to isolate specific phospho-proteomic changes in proximal substrates. To exemplify the KIPS approach we have focused on the identification of novel substrates of the atypical protein kinase C isoform, PKCι. Through structure based design we identified two acidic amino acid residues in the PKCι nucleotide binding site that are crucial for efficacy of a previously characterized PKCι inhibitor, CRT0066854. Upon mutation to non-acidic alanine residues the PKCι protein is rendered insensitive to compound-mediated inhibition, allowing a comparison of wild type and mutant responses to PKCι inhibition to be made. Using HCT116 cells, we identified Myosin X as a putative substrate for PKCι, and demonstrated its specificity to the PKCι signalling axis through alanine-scanning peptide arrays and generation of phospho-specific antibodies. We show that the key acidic amino acids utilised in KIPS are highly conserved across the AGC and CAMK kinase super families. Furthermore, extensive compound SAR, diverse kinome profiling and structural biology have identified a tool box of inhibitor compounds with a broad range of activities across these kinase families leading to broader applicability of KIPS to enable the identification of individual kinase specific substrates and response across approximately 20% of the human kinome.
Citation Format: jon roffey, Andrew Turnbull, Christian Dillon, Susan Boyd, Philippe Riou, Mark Linch, Peter Parker, Sven Kjaer, Neil McDonald. Kinase identification of proximal substrates (KIPS): A novel chemical genetics approach for kinase substrate identification. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-052. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-052
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Affiliation(s)
- jon roffey
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Turnbull
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Dillon
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Boyd
- 2CompChem Solutions Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Riou
- 3Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Linch
- 3Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Parker
- 3Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Kjaer
- 4Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil McDonald
- 4Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Yousaf N, Harris S, Martin-Liberal J, Stanway S, Linch M, Ifijen M, Al Muderis O, Khabra K, Fisher C, Noujaim J, Judson I, Benson C. First line palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Sarcoma Res 2015; 5:10. [PMID: 25922657 PMCID: PMC4411764 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-015-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and toxicity of first line palliative chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in the elderly is poorly described. METHODS Patients over the age of 65 years receiving first line chemotherapy for advanced non-GIST STS January 1998 - January 2012 at the Royal Marsden Hospital were identified. Data regarding survival and predictive factors were collected retrospectively. RESULTS 120 patients (52 females) with a median age of 72 (range 65-83) were treated. The most common histological subtypes were undifferentiated sarcoma (30%), leiomyosarcoma (27%), angiosarcoma (14%). 42% of patients had high grade tumours. 70% of patients had metastatic disease at presentation; lung metastasis being the most common disease site (72%). 80% received single agent chemotherapy, mostly with doxorubicin (60%). The median number of cycles was 2 (IQR 3). A partial response was reported in 20% of patients with disease stabilisation in a further 20%. 38% of patients were hospitalised for chemotherapy related toxicity. The median overall survival (OS) was 6.5 months (95% CI 4.7-8.3). Anaemia, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, sarcoma subtype and co-morbidities were predictive for overall survival. CONCLUSION The overall survival for elderly patients with STS is poor but several predictive factors have been identified. Hospital admissions for chemotherapy related toxicity are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Yousaf
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Samuel Harris
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Susannah Stanway
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Mark Linch
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Maria Ifijen
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Omar Al Muderis
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Komel Khabra
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Cyril Fisher
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Jonathan Noujaim
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Ian Judson
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Charlotte Benson
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
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Kollàr A, Maruzzo M, Messiou C, Cartwright E, Miah A, Martin-Liberal J, Thway K, McGrath E, Dunlop A, Khabra K, Seddon B, Dileo P, Linch M, Judson I, Benson C. Regorafenib treatment for advanced, refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a report of the UK managed access program. Clin Sarcoma Res 2014; 4:17. [PMID: 25905001 PMCID: PMC4405914 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3329-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) although most patients develop resistance to first and second-line therapies. Regorafenib, an oral multi-targeted TKI, has demonstrated benefit in previously treated GIST patients. Methods We assessed safety and activity of regorafenib in patients treated within the Managed Access Program (MAP). All consecutive patients with advanced GIST who had progressed on or were intolerant to imatinib and sunitinib were recruited from the Royal Marsden and University College Hospitals. We retrospectively reviewed the data for response, toxicity, treatment duration and survival. Response was assessed by RECIST and Choi criteria. Toxicity was graded according to CTCAE v4.0 criteria. Results 20 patients were included in the MAP in the UK between 3/2013 and 9/2013. Median age was 68 (range 45–87), 65% of patients were male. Performance Status was 0–1 for 18 patients (90%), 2 for 2 patients (10%). The median treatment duration was 9.25 months (range 0.1-15.33). 18 patients were assessable for response and all patients attained a best response of at least stable disease. At a median follow-up of 12.6 months, there were 2 partial responses (11%) by RECIST and 7 partial responses (39%) according to Choi criteria. 7 patients remain on regorafenib. 3 patients discontinued treatment due to unacceptable adverse events; fistulation, myalgia and fatigue. 10 (50%) patients had grade 3 toxicities and 11 (55%) patients required a dose reduction. Median PFS was 9.4 months (95% Cl: 6.2-not calculable) and median OS was 12.2 months (95% Cl: 10.5-not calculable). Notably, prolonged stable disease was seen in 1 patient with exon 9 mutation and 1 patient with PDGFR D842V mutation. Conclusions These data demonstrate encouraging activity and tolerability of regorafenib in routine clinical practice. The documented adverse events are in line with previous trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kollàr
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Maruzzo
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Christina Messiou
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cartwright
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Aisha Miah
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Ellen McGrath
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Alison Dunlop
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Komel Khabra
- Research Data Management and Statistics Unit (RDSU), The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Seddon
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Euston Road, NW1 2BU London, UK
| | - Palma Dileo
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Euston Road, NW1 2BU London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Euston Road, NW1 2BU London, UK
| | - Ian Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Charlotte Benson
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
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Martin-Liberal J, Cameron AJ, Claus J, Judson IR, Parker PJ, Linch M. Targeting protein kinase C in sarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1846:547-59. [PMID: 25453364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine tyrosine kinases that regulate many cellular processes including division, proliferation, survival, anoikis and polarity. PKC is abundant in many human cancers and aberrant PKC signalling has been demonstrated in cancer models. On this basis, PKC has become an attractive target for small molecule inhibition within oncology drug development programmes. Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies. Due to their relative insensitivity to conventional chemotherapies and the increasing recognition of the driving molecular events of sarcomagenesis, sarcoma provides an excellent platform to test novel therapeutics. In this review we provide a structure-function overview of the PKC family, the rationale for targeting these kinases in sarcoma and the state of play with regard to PKC inhibition in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martin-Liberal
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - A J Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Claus
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - I R Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - P J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - M Linch
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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35
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Linch M, Hayes AJ. PDT with a Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin for GIST—Letter. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2763. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- 1Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Hayes
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Soudy C, Stanway E, Patel B, Barton C, Barnard M, Pang L, Owen P, Turnbull A, Ruggeri BA, Dorsey BD, Ator MA, Ott GR, Linch M, Riou P, Parker PJ, Kjaer S, Dillon C, McDonald NQ, Roffey J. Abstract LB-99: Identification and characterization of small molecule thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of Protein Kinase C iota (PKCι). Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a novel series of small molecule ATP-competitive inhibitors of the atypical class of Protein Kinase C (PKC). The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases are divided into four structurally and functionally distinct sub-types: classic (PKCα, PKCβ, PKCγ); novel (PKCδ, PKCε, PKCη, PKCθ); atypical (PKCι,PKCζ); and PKNs (PKN1, PKN2, PKN3). The PKCs have been defined as key regulators in a multitude of signal transduction pathways that impinge on diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The regulation and functions of the atypical PKCs are distinct from the classic and novel PKCs.Both atypical isoforms have been implicated in various models of cancer, and PKCι in particular has been described as a potential oncogene. Its abundance is frequently increased, primarily through PKCι gene amplification, in many epithelial tumours including: subsets of squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma, serous ovarian carcinoma, and squamous esophageal carcinoma. It has been widely demonstrated that deregulation of PKCι signalling leads to unconstrained cell growth, increased migratory and invasive behaviour, and aberrant cellular polarity, which is a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Together, these data make a strong case for the inhibition of PKCι as a novel therapeutic strategy. We have discovered a series of ATP-competitive thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine- based PKCι inhibitors from a high throughput screen. Using structure-based design we have optimized the series and demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of PKCι in biochemical and cellular models. The biochemical, structural, and cellular characterization of these compounds will be described herein.
Citation Format: Christelle Soudy, Emma Stanway, Bhavisha Patel, Caroline Barton, Michelle Barnard, Leon Pang, Paul Owen, Andrew Turnbull, Bruce A. Ruggeri, Bruce D. Dorsey, Mark A. Ator, Greg R. Ott, Mark Linch, Philippe Riou, Peter J. Parker, Sven Kjaer, Christian Dillon, Neil Q. McDonald, Jon Roffey. Identification and characterization of small molecule thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of Protein Kinase C iota (PKCι). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-99. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-99
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Soudy
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanway
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavisha Patel
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Barton
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Barnard
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Pang
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Owen
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Turnbull
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Greg R. Ott
- 2Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc, West Chester, PA
| | - Mark Linch
- 3Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Riou
- 3Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Parker
- 3Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Kjaer
- 3Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Dillon
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Q. McDonald
- 3Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Roffey
- 1Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Linch M, Gennatas S, Kazikin S, Iqbal J, Gunapala R, Priest K, Severn J, Norton A, Ayite B, Bhosle J, O'Brien M, Popat S. A serum mesothelin level is a prognostic indicator for patients with malignant mesothelioma in routine clinical practice. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:674. [PMID: 25227779 PMCID: PMC4182776 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma (MM) carries a poor prognosis and response rates to palliative chemotherapy remain low. Identifying patients with MM that are unlikely to respond to chemotherapy could prevent futile treatments and improve patient quality of life. Studies have suggested that soluble mesothelin is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of MM. We set out to explore the utility of serum mesothelin in routine clinical practice. METHODS We conducted a prospective exploratory study of serum mesothelin levels in 53 consecutive patients with MM at our institution between April 2009 and February 2011. Survival was assessed and analysed by mesothelin level as both continuous and categorical variables using Cox regression models. Differences in response rate between treatment groups were assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis Test. RESULTS All 53 patients, who had been given study information agreed to participate. The patients' median age was 69 (range 24-90). Median mesothelin level was 2.7 nM and this value was used to dichotomize categories: ≤2.7 nM (low) and >2.7 nM (high). The progression free survival (PFS) for low vs high mesothelin was 8.0 vs 5.1 months (HR 1.8, p-0.058). When mesothelin was accessed as a continuous variable for PFS the HR was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.06; p=0.013). The overall survival (OS) for low vs high mesothelin was 17.2 vs 11.3 months (HR 1.9, p=0.088). When mesothelin was assessed as a continuous variable for OS the HR was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99 - 1.04; p=0.073). Thirty patients received chemotherapy of which 18 had a pre-chemotherapy serum mesothelin level. In these 18 patients, the pre-chemotherapy mesothelin level did not correlate with response. CONCLUSIONS A single random sample provides information about patient prognosis but does not predict treatment response. We suggest further prospective validation of mesothelin testing as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanjay Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, Surrey, UK.
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38
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Rossé C, Lodillinsky C, Fuhrmann L, Nourieh M, Monteiro P, Irondelle M, Lagoutte E, Vacher S, Waharte F, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Romao M, Sengmanivong L, Linch M, van Lint J, Raposo G, Vincent-Salomon A, Bièche I, Parker PJ, Chavrier P. Control of MT1-MMP transport by atypical PKC during breast-cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1872-9. [PMID: 24753582 PMCID: PMC4020077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400749111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of carcinoma cells requires the pericellular degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is mediated by membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). In this article, we report a co-up-regulation and colocalization of MT1-MMP and atypical protein kinase C iota (aPKCι) in hormone receptor-negative breast tumors in association with a higher risk of metastasis. Silencing of aPKC in invasive breast-tumor cell lines impaired the delivery of MT1-MMP from late endocytic storage compartments to the surface and inhibited matrix degradation and invasion. We provide evidence that aPKCι, in association with MT1-MMP-containing endosomes, phosphorylates cortactin, which is present in F-actin-rich puncta on MT1-MMP-positive endosomes and regulates cortactin association with the membrane scission protein dynamin-2. Thus, cell line-based observations and clinical data reveal the concerted activity of aPKC, cortactin, and dynamin-2, which control the trafficking of MT1-MMP from late endosome to the plasma membrane and play an important role in the invasive potential of breast-cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Biological Transport, Active
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cortactin/metabolism
- Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Dynamin II/metabolism
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Rossé
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catalina Lodillinsky
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Maya Nourieh
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Institut de Formation Doctorale, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Irondelle
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lagoutte
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Waharte
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Sengmanivong
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
- Nikon Imaging Centre, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mark Linch
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Johan van Lint
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graça Raposo
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U830, 75005 Paris, France; and
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Research Center, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, 75005 Paris, France
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Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours that comprise approximately 1% of all adult cancers, and encompass over 50 different subtypes. These tumours exhibit a wide range of differing behaviours and underlying molecular pathologies, and can arise anywhere in the body. Surgical resection is critical to the management of locoregional disease. In the locally advanced or metastatic disease settings, systemic therapy has an important role in the multidisciplinary management of sarcoma. Cytotoxic therapy that usually consists of doxorubicin and ifosfamide has been the mainstay of treatment for many years. However recent advances in molecular pathogenesis, the development of novel targeted therapies, changes in clinical trial design and increased international collaboration have led to the development of histology-driven therapy. Furthermore, genomic profiling has highlighted that some STS are driven by translocation, mutation or amplification and others have more complex and chaotic karyotypes. In this Review, we aim to describe the current gold standard treatment for specific STS subtypes as well as outline future promising therapies in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Aisha B Miah
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ian R Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Charlotte Benson
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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40
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Parker PJ, Justilien V, Riou P, Linch M, Fields AP. Atypical protein kinase Cι as a human oncogene and therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:1-11. [PMID: 24231509 PMCID: PMC3944347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors represent a major class of targeted therapeutics that has made a positive impact on treatment of cancer and other disease indications. Among the promising kinase targets for further therapeutic development are members of the Protein Kinase C (PKC) family. The PKCs are central components of many signaling pathways that regulate diverse cellular functions including proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, survival, cell migration, and polarity. Genetic manipulation of individual PKC isozymes has demonstrated that they often fulfill distinct, nonredundant cellular functions. Participation of PKC members in different intracellular signaling pathways reflects responses to varying extracellular stimuli, intracellular localization, tissue distribution, phosphorylation status, and intermolecular interactions. PKC activity, localization, phosphorylation, and/or expression are often altered in human tumors, and PKC isozymes have been implicated in various aspects of transformation, including uncontrolled proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Despite the strong relationship between PKC isozymes and cancer, to date only atypical PKCiota has been shown to function as a bona fide oncogene, and as such is a particularly attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of PKCiota in transformation and describe mechanism-based approaches to therapeutically target oncogenic PKCiota signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 45400 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Philippe Riou
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 45400 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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41
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Linch M, Sanz-Garcia M, Rosse C, Riou P, Peel N, Madsen CD, Sahai E, Downward J, Khwaja A, Dillon C, Roffey J, Cameron AJ, Parker PJ. Regulation of polarized morphogenesis by protein kinase C iota in oncogenic epithelial spheroids. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:396-406. [PMID: 24072773 PMCID: PMC3908745 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C iota (PKCι), a serine/threonine kinase required for cell polarity, proliferation and migration, is commonly up- or downregulated in cancer. PKCι is a human oncogene but whether this is related to its role in cell polarity and what repertoire of oncogenes acts in concert with PKCι is not known. We developed a panel of candidate oncogene expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and demonstrated that H-Ras, ErbB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase transformation led to non-polar spheroid morphogenesis (dysplasia), whereas MDCK spheroids expressing c-Raf or v-Src were largely polarized. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting PKCι decreased the size of all spheroids tested and partially reversed the aberrant polarity phenotype in H-Ras and ErbB2 spheroids only. This indicates distinct requirements for PKCι and moreover that different thresholds of PKCι activity are required for these phenotypes. By manipulating PKCι function using mutant constructs, siRNA depletion or chemical inhibition, we have demonstrated that PKCι is required for polarization of parental MDCK epithelial cysts in a 3D matrix and that there is a threshold of PKCι activity above and below which, disorganized epithelial morphogenesis results. Furthermore, treatment with a novel PKCι inhibitor, CRT0066854, was able to restore polarized morphogenesis in the dysplastic H-Ras spheroids. These results show that tightly regulated PKCι is required for normal-polarized morphogenesis in mammalian cells and that H-Ras and ErbB2 cooperate with PKCι for loss of polarization and dysplasia. The identification of a PKCι inhibitor that can restore polarized morphogenesis has implications for the treatment of Ras and ErbB2 driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Marta Sanz-Garcia
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Carine Rosse
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Philippe Riou
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Nick Peel
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | | | | | - Julian Downward
- Department of Signal Transduction Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Asim Khwaja
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christian Dillon
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK and
| | - Jon Roffey
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK and
| | - Angus J.M. Cameron
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Department of Protein Phosphorylation, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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42
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Linch M, Riou P, Claus J, Cameron AJ, de Naurois J, Larijani B, Ng T, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ. Functional implications of assigned, assumed and assembled PKC structures. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:35-41. [PMID: 24450624 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
The empirical derivation of PKC (protein kinase C) domain structures and those modelled by homology or imputed from protein behaviour have been extraordinarily valuable both in the elucidation of PKC pathway mechanisms and in the general lessons that extrapolate to other signalling pathways. For PKC family members, there are many domain/subdomain structures and models, covering all of the known domains, variably present in this family of protein serine/threonine kinases (C1, C2, PB1, HR1, kinase domains). In addition to these structures, there are a limited number of complexes defined, including the structure of the PKCε V3-14-3-3 complex. In the context of structure-driven insights into PKC pathways, there are several broadly applicable principles and mechanisms relevant to the operation of and intervention in signalling pathways. These principles have an impact in unexpected ways, from the regulation of membrane targeting, through strategies for pharmacological intervention, to biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- *Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | - Philippe Riou
- *Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | - Jeroen Claus
- *Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | | | - Julien de Naurois
- ‡Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | - Banafshe Larijani
- ‡Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | - Tony Ng
- §Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
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43
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Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare, accounting for only one percent of all cancers. They can occur in retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal sites, including gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), and have the potential to cause complications secondary to interaction with other abdominal viscera. Fistulation, or an abnormal communication between two epithelium-lined surfaces that do not usually connect, is a rare example of such a complication. We present a series of cases of fistulation due to the presence of an intra-abdominal soft-tissue sarcoma and contrast three different approaches to management. We discuss the radiological features and other modalities of imaging which may be useful in diagnosing this rare complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Robert Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Linch
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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44
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Linch M, Sanz-Garcia M, Kjaer S, Soriano E, Riou P, Knowles P, Dillon C, Roffey J, McDonald N, Parker P. Abstract A280: Small molecule inhibition of atypical protein kinase C iota reveals a functional basis for oncogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-a280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCι) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including polarity, migration, proliferation and survival. PKCι is amplified in many cancers correlating with poor prognosis, however the upstream activating inputs and downstream effectors are not well defined.
Experimental Procedures: 3D MDCK epithelial cell spheroids were grown in Matrigel and used to assess polarized morphogenesis and growth. PKCι was manipulated by inhibition with CRT0066854, or transfection with siRNA or cDNA variants. A PKCι binding interface was identified by X-ray crystallography and interrogated by mass spectrometry of wildtype or binding mutant immunocomplexes.
Results: To identify potential inputs into PKCι we assessed a panel of transformed MDCK cells; p110α, Src, Ras, ErbB2 and Raf. Parental MDCK cells form polarized cysts in Matrigel, however Ras, ErbB2 and p110α MDCK cells formed dysplastic spheroids. In the case of Ras and ErbB2, but not p110α MDCK spheroids, normal polarized morphogenesis could be rescued by siRNA-PKCι or partial PKCι inhibition with decreased spheroid size seen for all transformed cells lines. An effector binding site (PKCι RIPR motif) identified from the crystal structure of the kinase and characterized as a recruitment site for select targets including LLGL2 and Myosin X, was found to be critical for PKCι to confer polarized morphogenesis. Interestingly this binding motif shows a low frequency of mutation in a subset of human tumors.
Conclusions: Downstream of Ras and ErbB2, PKCι activity is enhanced with a resulting dysplasia and loss of polarization, that can be rescued by PKCι inhibition. Mutation of the PKCι-RIPR effector binding motif that is found in cancer, prevents interaction with LLGL2 and its expression also elicits growth as non-polarized, dysplastic epithelial spheroids. This indicates that PKCι may promote cancer, not only by amplification, but by upstream oncogenic inputs and somatic mutation. The oncogene dependent PKCι hyperactivation is pro-proliferative in 3D culture, providing compelling evidence that PKCι is a good target for Ras mutant tumors.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A280.
Citation Format: Mark Linch, Marta Sanz-Garcia, Svend Kjaer, Erika Soriano, Philippe Riou, Philip Knowles, Christian Dillon, Jon Roffey, Neil McDonald, Peter Parker. Small molecule inhibition of atypical protein kinase C iota reveals a functional basis for oncogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- 1Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Svend Kjaer
- 2London Research Insitute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Jon Roffey
- 3Cancer Research Technology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Parker
- 2London Research Insitute, London, United Kingdom
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Parker PJ, Linch M, McDonald NQ, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast: 17 September 2013. Sci Signal 2013. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A cancer-associated mutation in PKCι maps to a motif that mediates interactions between PKCι and substrates involved in cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Neil Q. McDonald
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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Linch M, Sanz-Garcia M, Soriano E, Zhang Y, Riou P, Rosse C, Cameron A, Knowles P, Purkiss A, Kjaer S, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ. A cancer-associated mutation in atypical protein kinase Cι occurs in a substrate-specific recruitment motif. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra82. [PMID: 24045153 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) has roles in cell growth, cellular polarity, and migration, and its abundance is frequently increased in cancer. We identified a protein interaction surface containing a dibasic motif (RIPR) that bound a distinct subset of PKCι substrates including lethal giant larvae 2 (LLGL2) and myosin X, but not other substrates such as Par3. Further characterization demonstrated that Arg471 in this motif was important for binding to LLGL2, whereas Arg474 was critical for interaction with myosin X, indicating that multiple complexes could be formed through this motif. A somatic mutation of the dibasic motif (R471C) was the most frequent mutation of PKCι in human cancer, and the intact dibasic motif was required for normal polarized epithelial morphogenesis in three-dimensional cysts. Thus, the R471C substitution is a change-of-function mutation acting at this substrate-specific recruitment site to selectively disrupt the polarizing activity of PKCι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- 1Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, with transformation typically driven by activating mutations of c-KIT and less commonly platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Successful targeting of c-KIT and PDGFRA with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has had a major impact in advanced GIST and as an adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment. If treatment with imatinib fails, further lines of TKI therapy have a role, but disease response is usually only measured in months, so strategies to maximize the benefit from imatinib are paramount. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and signaling of c-KIT coupled with a review of the clinical trials of imatinib in GIST. In doing so, we make recommendations about the duration of imatinib therapy and suggest how best to utilize imatinib in order to improve patient outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, United Kingdom ; Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Kjær S, Linch M, Purkiss A, Kostelecky B, Knowles PP, Rosse C, Riou P, Soudy C, Kaye S, Patel B, Soriano E, Murray-Rust J, Barton C, Dillon C, Roffey J, Parker PJ, McDonald NQ. Adenosine-binding motif mimicry and cellular effects of a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C isoenzymes. Biochem J 2013; 451:329-42. [PMID: 23418854 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aPKC [atypical PKC (protein kinase C)] isoforms ι and ζ play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cell polarity and represent attractive anti-oncogenic drug targets in Ras-dependent tumours. To date, few isoform-specific chemical biology tools are available to inhibit aPKC catalytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the identification and functional characterization of potent and selective thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitors of aPKCs. A crystal structure of human PKCι kinase domain bound to a representative compound, CRT0066854, reveals the basis for potent and selective chemical inhibition. Furthermore, CRT0066854 displaces a crucial Asn-Phe-Asp motif that is part of the adenosine-binding pocket and engages an acidic patch used by arginine-rich PKC substrates. We show that CRT0066854 inhibits the LLGL2 (lethal giant larvae 2) phosphorylation in cell lines and exhibits phenotypic effects in a range of cell-based assays. We conclude that this compound can be used as a chemical tool to modulate aPKC activity in vitro and in vivo and may guide the search for further aPKC-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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Rosse C, Boeckeler K, Linch M, Radtke S, Frith D, Barnouin K, Morsi AS, Hafezparast M, Howell M, Parker PJ. Binding of dynein intermediate chain 2 to paxillin controls focal adhesion dynamics and migration. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3733-8. [PMID: 22553211 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.089557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In migrating NRK cells, aPKCs control the dynamics of turnover of paxillin-containing focal adhesions (FA) determining migration rate. Using a proteomic approach (two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis), dynein intermediate chain 2 (dynein IC2) was identified as a protein that is phosphorylated inducibly during cell migration in a PKC-regulated manner. By gene silencing and co-immunoprecipitation studies, we show that dynein IC2 regulates the speed of cell migration through its interaction with paxillin. This interaction is controlled by serine 84 phosphorylation, which lies on the aPKC pathway. The evidence presented thus links aPKC control of migration to the dynein control of FA turnover through paxillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Rosse
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
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Roffey J, Rosse C, Linch M, Hibbert A, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ. Protein kinase C intervention: the state of play. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:268-79. [PMID: 19233632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervention in protein kinase C (PKC) has a chequered history, partly because of the poor selectivity of many inhibitors and partly a reflection of the sometimes antagonistic action of related PKC isoforms. Recent advances in targeting PKC isoforms have come from structural work on isolated kinase domains that have provided opportunities to drive selectivity through structure-based avenues. The promise of isoform selective inhibitors and the rationale for their development are discussed in the broader context of the PKC inhibitor arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Roffey
- Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Limited, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, London, UK
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