1
|
Moustafa AH, AboulMagd AM, Ali AM, Khodairy A, Marzouk AA, Nafady A, T M Nemr M. Novel guanidine derivatives targeting leukemia as selective Src/Abl dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anti-proliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107410. [PMID: 38688197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A new series of benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 3a-i was designed and synthesized via the reaction of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamides 1a-i with sulfamethazine sodium salt 2 as dual Src/Abl inhibitors. Spectral data IR, 1H-, 13C- NMR and elemental analyses were used to confirm the structures of all the newly synthesized compounds 3a-i and 4a-i. Crucially, we screened all the synthesized compounds 3a-i against NCI 60 cancer cell lines. Among all, compound 3b was the most potent, with IC50 of 0.018 μM for normoxia, and 0.001 μM for hypoxia, compared to staurosporine against HL-60 leukemia cell line. To verify the selectivity of this derivative, it was assessed against a panel of tyrosine kinase EGFR, VEGFR-2, B-raf, ERK, CK1, p38-MAPK, Src and Abl enzymes. Results revealed that compound 3b can effectively and selectively inhibit Src/Abl with IC500.25 μM and Abl inhibitory activity with IC500.08 μM, respectively, and was found to be more potent on these enzymes than other kinases that showed the following results: EGFR IC500.31 μM, VEGFR-2 IC500.68 μM, B-raf IC500.33 μM, ERK IC501.41 μM, CK1 IC500.29 μM and p38-MAPK IC500.38 μM. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis performed to compound 3b against HL-60 suggesting its antiproliferative activity through Src/Abl inhibition. Finally, molecular docking studies and physicochemical properties prediction for compounds 3b, 3c, and 3 h were carried out to investigate their biological activities and clarify their bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Moustafa
- Faculty of Science, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, Sinai 46612, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ali M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut-71524, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini street 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding L, Chen D, Li Y, Xie Y, Sun X, Wang D. Saracatinib prompts hemin-induced K562 erythroid differentiation but suppresses erythropoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells. Hum Cell 2024; 37:648-665. [PMID: 38388899 PMCID: PMC11016514 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Human myeloid leukemia cells (such as K562) could be used for the study of erythropoiesis, and mature erythroid markers and globins could be induced during leukemia cell differentiation; however, the pathways involved are different compared with those of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of K562 cells and HSCs associated with stem cells and erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells could be induced by serum starvation or treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor saracatinib. However, erythroid differentiation of HSCs was inhibited by the deprivation of the important serum component erythropoietin (EPO) or treatment with saracatinib. Finally, we found that the mRNA expression of K562 cells and HSCs was different during saracatinib-treated erythroid differentiation, and the DEGs of K562 cells and HSCs associated with tyrosine-protein kinase were identified.These findings elucidated the cellular phenomenon of saracatinib induction during erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and HSCs, and the potential mechanism is the different mRNA expression profile of tyrosine-protein kinase in K562 cells and HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ding
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanshuai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramos R, Vale N. Dual Drug Repurposing: The Example of Saracatinib. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4565. [PMID: 38674150 PMCID: PMC11050334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a dual Src/Abl inhibitor initially developed by AstraZeneca for cancer treatment; however, data from 2006 to 2024 reveal that this drug has been tested not only for cancer treatment, but also for the treatment of other diseases. Despite the promising pre-clinical results and the tolerability shown in phase I trials, where a maximum tolerated dose of 175 mg was defined, phase II clinical data demonstrated a low therapeutic action against several cancers and an elevated rate of adverse effects. Recently, pre-clinical research aimed at reducing the toxic effects and enhancing the therapeutic performance of saracatinib using nanoparticles and different pharmacological combinations has shown promising results. Concomitantly, saracatinib was repurposed to treat Alzheimer's disease, targeting Fyn. It showed great clinical results and required a lower daily dose than that defined for cancer treatment, 125 mg and 175 mg, respectively. In addition to Alzheimer's disease, this Src inhibitor has also been studied in relation to other health conditions such as pulmonary and liver fibrosis and even for analgesic and anti-allergic functions. Although saracatinib is still not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the large number of alternative uses for saracatinib and the elevated number of pre-clinical and clinical trials performed suggest the huge potential of this drug for the treatment of different kinds of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ramos
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raji L, Tetteh A, Amin ARMR. Role of c-Src in Carcinogenesis and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 38201459 PMCID: PMC10778207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aberrant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells, known as carcinogenesis, is a complex process involving numerous genetic and molecular alterations in response to innate and environmental stimuli. The Src family kinases (SFK) are key components of signaling pathways implicated in carcinogenesis, with c-Src and its oncogenic counterpart v-Src often playing a significant role. The discovery of c-Src represents a compelling narrative highlighting groundbreaking discoveries and valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. Upon oncogenic activation, c-Src activates multiple downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT pathway, the Ras-MAPK pathway, the JAK-STAT3 pathway, and the FAK/Paxillin pathway, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we delve into the discovery of c-Src and v-Src, the structure of c-Src, and the molecular mechanisms that activate c-Src. We also focus on the various signaling pathways that c-Src employs to promote oncogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy drugs as well as molecularly targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. R. M. Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (L.R.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chrisochoidou Y, Roy R, Farahmand P, Gonzalez G, Doig J, Krasny L, Rimmer EF, Willis AE, MacFarlane M, Huang PH, Carragher NO, Munro AF, Murphy DJ, Veselkov K, Seckl MJ, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOC, Pardo OE. Crosstalk with lung fibroblasts shapes the growth and therapeutic response of mesothelioma cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:725. [PMID: 37938546 PMCID: PMC10632403 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelial layer associated with an extensive fibrotic response. The latter is in large part mediated by cancer-associated fibroblasts which mediate tumour progression and poor prognosis. However, understanding of the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts in this disease is mostly lacking. Here, using co-cultures of patient-derived mesothelioma cell lines and lung fibroblasts, we demonstrate that fibroblast activation is a self-propagated process producing a fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggering drug resistance in mesothelioma cells. Following characterisation of mesothelioma cells/fibroblasts signalling crosstalk, we identify several FDA-approved targeted therapies as far more potent than standard-of-care Cisplatin/Pemetrexed in ECM-embedded co-culture spheroid models. In particular, the SRC family kinase inhibitor, Saracatinib, extends overall survival well beyond standard-of-care in a mesothelioma genetically-engineered mouse model. In short, we lay the foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mesothelioma/fibroblast communication for the treatment of mesothelioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajat Roy
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pooyeh Farahmand
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Guadalupe Gonzalez
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Doig
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lukas Krasny
- Molecular and Systems Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ella F Rimmer
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Paul H Huang
- Molecular and Systems Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alison F Munro
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse St, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O C Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse St, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Olivier E Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng S, Fu Y. FYN: emerging biological roles and potential therapeutic targets in cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:84. [PMID: 36740671 PMCID: PMC9901160 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family protein kinases (SFKs) play a key role in cell adhesion, invasion, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis during tumor development. In humans, SFKs consists of eight family members with similar structure and function. There is a high level of overexpression or hyperactivity of SFKs in tumor, and they play an important role in multiple signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. FYN is a member of the SFKs that regulate normal cellular processes. Additionally, FYN is highly expressed in many cancers and promotes cancer growth and metastasis through diverse biological functions such as cell growth, apoptosis, and motility migration, as well as the development of drug resistance in many tumors. Moreover, FYN is involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related signaling pathways, including interactions with ERK, COX-2, STAT5, MET and AKT. FYN is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for various tumor types, and suppressing FYN can improve the prognosis and prolong the life of patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of FYN's structure, expression, upstream regulators, downstream substrate molecules, and biological functions in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SanFei Peng
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jaeger B, Schupp JC, Plappert L, Terwolbeck O, Artysh N, Kayser G, Engelhard P, Adams TS, Zweigerdt R, Kempf H, Lienenklaus S, Garrels W, Nazarenko I, Jonigk D, Wygrecka M, Klatt D, Schambach A, Kaminski N, Prasse A. Airway basal cells show a dedifferentiated KRT17 highPhenotype and promote fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5637. [PMID: 36163190 PMCID: PMC9513076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. In this study, we focus on the properties of airway basal cells (ABC) obtained from patients with IPF (IPF-ABC). Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of bronchial brushes revealed extensive reprogramming of IPF-ABC towards a KRT17high PTENlow dedifferentiated cell type. In the 3D organoid model, compared to ABC obtained from healthy volunteers, IPF-ABC give rise to more bronchospheres, de novo bronchial structures resembling lung developmental processes, induce fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in co-culture. Intratracheal application of IPF-ABC into minimally injured lungs of Rag2-/- or NRG mice causes severe fibrosis, remodeling of the alveolar compartment, and formation of honeycomb cyst-like structures. Connectivity MAP analysis of scRNAseq of bronchial brushings suggested that gene expression changes in IPF-ABC can be reversed by SRC inhibition. After demonstrating enhanced SRC expression and activity in these cells, and in IPF lungs, we tested the effects of saracatinib, a potent SRC inhibitor previously studied in humans. We demonstrate that saracatinib modified in-vitro and in-vivo the profibrotic changes observed in our 3D culture system and novel mouse xenograft model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Jaeger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Christian Schupp
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linda Plappert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Terwolbeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nataliia Artysh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Engelhard
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taylor Sterling Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Garrels
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise Klatt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antje Prasse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng J, Zeng Y, Hu X, Huang S, Gao X, Tian D, Tian S, Qiu L, Liu J, Dong R, Zhan W, Qin C, Guang B, Yang T. KC-180-2 Exerts Anti-SCLC Effects via Dual Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization and Src Signaling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32164-32175. [PMID: 36120000 PMCID: PMC9476193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of N-benzyl-2-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl) acetamide-based derivatives were successfully designed and synthesized as anti-cancer agents. KC-180-2 was screened as a potentially leading compound with dual mechanisms of action: Src signaling and tubulin polymerization inhibition. It efficiently suppressed the proliferation of five cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, H446, SKOV-3, HepG2, and HT29), with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 188 nM, especially small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells (IC50, 5 nM). Correspondingly, it exerted a significant therapeutic effect on the H446 small-cell lung cancer xenograft model, significantly reducing the volume of tumors without obvious toxicity. Mechanistically, this compound significantly inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin in vitro, inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and binding to the kinase catalytic domain of the Src protein, which reduced the phosphorylation of Src. Thus, KC-180-2 is a potential lead compound for the further development of a new anti-tumor drug against SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Peng
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Yisheng Zeng
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Chengdu
Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610094, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Dong Tian
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Shuting Tian
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Lan Qiu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Renhan Dong
- Chengdu
Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610094, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Chengdu
Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610094, China
| | - Chuanjun Qin
- Chengdu
Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610094, China
| | - Bing Guang
- Chengdu
Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610094, China
| | - Tai Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gage M, Putra M, Wachter L, Dishman K, Gard M, Gomez-Estrada C, Thippeswamy T. Saracatinib, a Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, as a Disease Modifier in the Rat DFP Model: Sex Differences, Neurobehavior, Gliosis, Neurodegeneration, and Nitro-Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:61. [PMID: 35052568 PMCID: PMC8773289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), an organophosphate nerve agent (OPNA), exposure causes status epilepticus (SE) and epileptogenesis. In this study, we tested the protective effects of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src kinase inhibitor, in mixed-sex or male-only Sprague Dawley rats exposed to 4-5 mg/kg DFP followed by 2 mg/kg atropine and 25 mg/kg 2-pralidoxime. Midazolam (3 mg/kg) was given to the mixed-sex cohort (1 h post-DFP) and male-only cohort (~30 min post-DFP). Saracatinib (20 mg/kg, oral, daily for 7 days) or vehicle was given two hours later and euthanized eight days or ten weeks post-DFP. Brain immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed increased microgliosis, astrogliosis, and neurodegeneration in DFP-treated animals. In the 10-week post-DFP male-only group, there were no significant differences between groups in the novel object recognition, Morris water maze, rotarod, or forced swim test. Brain IHC revealed significant mitigation by saracatinib in contrast to vehicle-treated DFP animals in microgliosis, astrogliosis, neurodegeneration, and nitro-oxidative stressors, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, GP91phox, and 3-Nitrotyrosine. These findings suggest the protective effects of saracatinib on brain pathology seem to depend on the initial SE severity. Further studies on dose optimization, including extended treatment regimen depending on the SE severity, are required to determine its disease-modifying potential in OPNA models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.G.); (M.P.); (L.W.); (K.D.); (M.G.); (C.G.-E.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruiz-Saenz A, Zahedi F, Peterson E, Yoo A, Dreyer CA, Spassov DS, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Moasser MM. Proteomic Analysis of Src Family Kinase Phosphorylation States in Cancer Cells Suggests Deregulation of the Unique Domain. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:957-967. [PMID: 33727342 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFK) are homologs of retroviral oncogenes, earning them the label of proto-oncogenes. Their functions are influenced by positive and negative regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation events and inhibitory and activating intramolecular and extramolecular interactions. This regulation is disrupted in their viral oncogene counterparts. However, in contrast to most other proto-oncogenes, the genetic alteration of these genes does not seem to occur in human tumors and how and whether their functions are altered in human cancers remain to be determined. To look for proteomic-level alterations, we took a more granular look at the activation states of SFKs based on their two known regulatory tyrosine phosphorylations, but found no significant differences in their activity states when comparing immortalized epithelial cells with cancer cells. SFKs are known to have other less well-studied phosphorylations, particularly within their unstructured N-terminal unique domains (UD), although their role in cancers has not been explored. In comparing panels of epithelial cells with cancer cells, we found a decrease in S17 phosphorylation in the UD of Src in cancer cells. Dephosphorylated S17 favors the dimerization of Src that is mediated through the UD and suggests increased Src dimerization in cancers. These data highlight the important role of the UD of Src and suggest that a deeper understanding of proteomic-level alterations of the unstructured UD of SFKs may provide considerable insights into how SFKs are deregulated in cancers. IMPLICATIONS: This work highlights the role of the N-terminal UD of Src kinases in regulating their signaling functions and possibly in their deregulation in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elliott Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley Yoo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu L, Lai Q, Gou L, Feng J, Yang J. Opportunities and obstacles of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 29:1-11. [PMID: 32700566 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1797050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignant tumour which accounts for approximately 13-15% of all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases. To date, platinum-based chemotherapy are still the first-line treatments for SCLC. However, chemotherapy resistance and systemic toxicity limit the long-term clinical outcome of first-line treatment in SCLC. Recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made great breakthrough in cancer therapy, and researchers aim to exploit both as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy to improve the survival of SCLC patients, but limited effectiveness and the adverse events remain the major obstacles in the treatment of SCLC. To overcome these challenges for SCLC therapies, prevention and early diagnosis for this refractory disease is very important. At the same time, we should reveal more information about the pathogenesis of SCLC and the mechanism of drug resistance. Finally, new treatment strategies should also be taken into considerations, such as repurposing drug, optimising of targets, combination therapy strategies or prognostic biomarkers to enhance therapeutic effects and decrease the adverse events rates in SCLC patients. This article will review the molecular biology characteristics of SCLC and discuss the opportunities and obstacles of the current therapy for SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- The Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafu Feng
- The Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chiu LY, Hsin IL, Tsai JN, Chen CJ, Ou CC, Wu WJ, Sheu GT, Ko JL. Combination treatment of Src inhibitor Saracatinib with GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, induce synthetic lethality via autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1148-1157. [PMID: 32686156 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saracatinib is an oral Src-kinase inhibitor and has been studied in preclinical models and clinical trials of cancer therapy. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, possesses antitumor capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of combination treatment with saracatinib and GMI on parental and pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells. Cotreatment with saracatinib and GMI induced synergistic and additive cytotoxic effect in A549 and A400 cells by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and combination index. Using western blot assay, saracatinib, and GMI combined treatment synergistically induced caspase-7 activation in A549 cells. Different from A549 cells, saracatinib and GMI cotreatment markedly increased LC3B-II in A400 cells. ATG5 silencing abolished the caspase-7 activation and reduced cell death in A549 cells after cotreatment. This is the first study to provide a novel strategy of treating lung cancer with or without drug resistance via combination treatment with GMI and saracatinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yen Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ning Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simatou A, Simatos G, Goulielmaki M, Spandidos DA, Baliou S, Zoumpourlis V. Historical retrospective of the SRC oncogene and new perspectives (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32765869 PMCID: PMC7403812 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first discovery as part of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome, the c-SRC (SRC) proto-oncogene has been proved a key regulator of cancer development and progression, and thus it has been highlighted as an attractive target for anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Though the exact mechanisms of its action are still not fully understood, SRC protein mediates crucial normal cell functions, such as cell development, proliferation and survival, and its dysregulation is considered as an oncogenic signature and a driving force for cancer initiation. In the present review, we present a flashback to the history of the Src research, while focusing on the most important milestones in the field. Moreover, we investigate the proposed regulatory mechanisms and molecules that mediate its action in order to designate putative therapeutic targets and useful prognostic and/or diagnostic tools. Furthermore, we present and discuss existing therapeutic approaches that are explored in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George Simatos
- First Breast Unit, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2.5 Study of Saracatinib (AZD0530), in Patients with Recurrent Osteosarcoma Localized to the Lung. Sarcoma 2020; 2020:7935475. [PMID: 32398945 PMCID: PMC7211262 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7935475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteosarcoma is a rare cancer and a third of patients who have completed primary treatment will develop osteosarcoma recurrence. The Src pathway has been implicated in the metastatic behavior of osteosarcoma; about 95% of samples examined express Src or have evidence of downstream activation of this pathway. Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a potent and selective Src kinase inhibitor that was evaluated in adults in Phase 1 studies. The primary goal of this study was to determine if treatment with saracatinib could increase progression-free survival (PFS) for patients who have undergone complete resection of osteosarcoma lung metastases in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients and Methods. Subjects with recurrent osteosarcoma localized to lung and who had complete surgical removal of all lung nodules were randomized within six weeks after complete surgical resection. Saracatinib, or placebo, was administered at a dose of 175 mg orally, once daily, for up to thirteen 28-day cycles. Results Thirty-seven subjects were included in the analyses; 18 subjects were randomized to receive saracatinib and 19 to receive placebo. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated a median PFS of 19.4 months in the saracatinib treatment group and 8.6 months in the placebo treatment group (p=0.47). Median OS was not reached in either arm. Conclusions Although saracatinib was well tolerated in this patient population, there was no apparent impact of the drug in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial on OS, and Src inhibition alone may not be sufficient to suppress metastatic progression in osteosarcoma. There is a suggestion of potential clinical benefit as evidenced by longer PFS in patients randomized to saracatinib based on limited numbers of patients treated.
Collapse
|
15
|
Danson S, Mulvey MR, Turner L, Horsman J, Escott KJ, Coleman RE, Ahmedzai SH, Bennett MI, Andrew D. An exploratory randomized-controlled trial of the efficacy of the Src-kinase inhibitor saracatinib as a novel analgesic for cancer-induced bone pain. J Bone Oncol 2019; 19:100261. [PMID: 31667062 PMCID: PMC6812043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major symptom of bone metastases from advanced cancer and represents a clinical challenge to treat effectively. Basic neurobiology in preclinical animal models implicates enhanced sensory processing in the central nervous system, acting through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, as an important mechanism underpinning persistent pain. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is thought to act as a hub for regulating NMDA receptor activity and the orally available Src inhibitor saracatinib has shown promise as a potential analgesic in recent animal studies. Here we tested the efficacy of saracatinib as a novel analgesic in an exploratory phase II randomized controlled trial on cancer patients with painful bone metastases. Twelve patients completed the study, with 6 receiving saracatinib 125 mg/day for 28 days and 6 receiving placebo. Pharmacokinetic measurements confirmed appropriate plasma levels of drug in the saracatinib-treated group and Src inhibition was achieved clinically by a significant reduction in the bone resorption biomarker serum cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. Differences between the saracatinib and placebo groups self-reported pain scores, measured using the short form of the Brief Pain Inventory, were not clinically significant after 4 weeks of treatment. There was also no change in consumption of maintenance analgesia in the saracatinib-treated group and no improvement in Quality-of-Life scores. The data were insufficient to demonstrate saracatinib has efficacy as analgesic, although it may have a role as an anti-bone resorptive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Danson
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew R Mulvey
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lesley Turner
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Janet Horsman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - KJane Escott
- Emerging Innovations Unit, BioPharmaceuticals R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Michael I Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - David Andrew
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morisot N, Berger AL, Phamluong K, Cross A, Ron D. The Fyn kinase inhibitor, AZD0530, suppresses mouse alcohol self-administration and seeking. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1227-1234. [PMID: 30536923 PMCID: PMC7032525 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fyn is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that plays an important role not only in normal synaptic functions but also in brain pathologies including alcohol use disorder. We previously reported that repeated cycles of binge drinking and withdrawal activate Fyn in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rodents, and that Fyn signaling in the DMS contributes to rat alcohol intake and relapse. Here, we used AZD0530, a CNS penetrable inhibitor of Src PTKs developed for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and cancer and tested its efficacy to suppress alcohol-dependent molecular and behavioral effects. We show that systemic administration of AZD0530 prevents alcohol-induced Fyn activation and GluN2B phosphorylation in the DMS of mice. We further report that a single dose of AZD0530 reduces alcohol operant self-administration and promotes extinction of alcohol self-administration without altering basal and dopamine D1 receptor-dependent locomotion. Together, our findings suggest that AZD0530, through its inhibitory actions on Fyn kinase, dampens alcohol seeking and drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Morisot
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony L Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alan Cross
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Q, Wang L, Li D, Zhao J, Chen S, Li J. Synergistic effect of STAT3‑targeted small interfering RNA and AZD0530 against glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3625-3632. [PMID: 31485668 PMCID: PMC6755172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-targeted small interfering (si)RNA and AZD0530 against glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 were divided into four groups and treated with control, LV-STAT3 siRNA, AZD0530, and combined LV-STAT3 siRNA with AZD0530, respectively. The proliferation and apoptotic capacity of glioblastoma cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and double staining flow cytometry assays, respectively. Additionally, the potential effect of LV-STAT3 siRNA and AZD0530 on glioblastoma was evaluated in vivo. Images were captured of the tumor formation in mice every week. Following three weeks of treatment, NMR scan and immunohistochemistry were performed. The treatment of combined LV-STAT3 siRNA and AZD0530 was more effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosisof glioblastoma cells in comparison with the treatment of either LV-STAT3 siRNA or AZD0530 alone. Although LV-STAT3 siRNA or AZD0530 treatment alone suppressed tumor growth in mice, the combined treatment had a more significant effect than the treatment of LV-STAT3 siRNA or AZD0530 alone. According to the results of both in vitro and in vivo assays, a combined therapy of LV-STAT3 siRNA with AZD0530 could enhance therapeutic effects on glioblastoma, supporting the idea that the combination of LV-STAT3 siRNA and AZD0530 could serve as a novel and effective strategy to combat glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Leibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - David Li
- English Department, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Zimmermann S, Parikh K, Mansfield AS, Adjei AA. Current Diagnosis and Management of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1599-1622. [PMID: 31378235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with distinct pathological, clinical, and molecular characteristics from non-small-cell lung cancer. SCLC has high metastatic potential, resulting in a clinically poor prognosis. Early concurrent chemo-radiation is the standard of care for limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC). Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is recommended for patients with LS-SCLC without progression of disease after initial therapy. A combination of etoposide and cisplatin or carboplatin remains the mainstay of first-line treatment for ES-SCLC, with the addition of atezolizumab, now becoming standard. Most SCLCs initially respond to therapy but almost invariably recur. Topotecan and amrubicin (in Japan) remain the primary chemotherapy options for relapsed SCLC. Immunotherapy, including nivolumab with or without ipilimumab, is now available for refractory disease. In general, the poor prognosis of SCLC has not improved significantly for more than 3 decades. Recently, next-generation molecular profiling studies have identified new therapeutic targets for SCLC. A variety of proapoptotic agents, compounds capitalizing on DNA-repair defects, immunotherapy agents, and antibody-drug conjugates are being evaluated in SCLC, with a number of them showing early promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Département d'Oncologie, service d'Immuno-Oncologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roelants C, Giacosa S, Pillet C, Bussat R, Champelovier P, Bastien O, Guyon L, Arnoux V, Cochet C, Filhol O. Combined inhibition of PI3K and Src kinases demonstrates synergistic therapeutic efficacy in clear-cell renal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30066-30078. [PMID: 30046388 PMCID: PMC6059021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of PI3K (GDC-0941) and Src (Saracatinib) exhibit as individual agents, excellent oral anticancer activity in preclinical models and have entered phase II clinical trials in various cancers. We found that PI3K and Src kinases are dysregulated in clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs), an aggressive disease without effective targeted therapies. In this study we addressed this challenge by testing GDC-0941 and Saracatinib as either single agents or in combination in ccRCC cell lines, as well as in mouse and PDX models. Our findings demonstrate that combined inhibition of PI3K and Src impedes cell growth and invasion and induces cell death of renal carcinoma cells providing preclinical evidence for a pairwise combination of these anticancer drugs as a rational strategy to improve renal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roelants
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Pillet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1038, CEA, BIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Bussat
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Bastien
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-CEA-INRA, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Arnoux
- Centre Hospitalier Université Grenoble-Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maruoka T, Kitanaka A, Kubota Y, Yamaoka G, Kameda T, Imataki O, Dobashi H, Bandoh S, Kadowaki N, Tanaka T. Lemongrass essential oil and citral inhibit Src/Stat3 activity and suppress the proliferation/survival of small-cell lung cancer cells, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1738-1748. [PMID: 29568932 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is intractable due to its high propensity for relapse. Novel agents are thus needed for SCLC treatment. Lemongrass essential oil (LG-EO) and its major constituent, citral, have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and survival of several types of cancer cells. However, the precise mechanisms through which LG-EO and citral exert their effects on SCLC cells have not been fully elucidated. SCLC cells express Src and have high levels of Src-tyrosine kinase (Src-TK) activity. In most SCLC cell lines, constitutive phosphorylation of Stat3(Y705), which is essential for its activation, has been detected. Src-TK can phosphorylate Stat3(Y705), and activated Stat3 promotes the expression of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. In the present study, LG-EO and citral prevented Src-TK from phosphorylating Stat3(Y705), resulting in decreased Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression, in turn suppressing the proliferation/survival of SCLC cells. To confirm these findings, the wild-type-src gene was transfected into the LU135 SCLC cell line (LU135‑wt-src), in which Src and activated phospho-Stat3(Y705) were overexpressed. The suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by treatment with LG-EO or citral were significantly attenuated in the LU135-wt-src cells compared with the control LU135-mock cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway is also associated with intrinsic drug resistance. LU135-wt-src cells were significantly resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents compared with LU135-mock cells. The combined effects of citral and each conventional chemotherapeutic agent on SCLC cells were also evaluated. The combination treatment exerted additive or more prominent effects on LU135-wt-src, LU165 and MN1112 cells, which are relatively chemoresistant SCLC cells. These findings suggest that either LG-EO or citral, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, may be a novel therapeutic option for SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Maruoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kubota
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Genji Yamaoka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Osamu Imataki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shuji Bandoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Terukazu Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakanishi T, Menju T, Nishikawa S, Takahashi K, Miyata R, Shikuma K, Sowa T, Imamura N, Hamaji M, Motoyama H, Hijiya K, Aoyama A, Sato T, Chen‐Yoshikawa TF, Sonobe M, Date H. The synergistic role of ATP-dependent drug efflux pump and focal adhesion signaling pathways in vinorelbine resistance in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:408-419. [PMID: 29318780 PMCID: PMC5806107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vinorelbine (VRB) plus cisplatin regimen is widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its cure rate is poor. Drug resistance is the primary driver of chemotherapeutic failure, and the causes of resistance remain unclear. By focusing on the focal adhesion (FA) pathway, we have highlighted a signaling pathway that promotes VRB resistance in lung cancer cells. First, we established VRB-resistant (VR) lung cancer cells (NCI-H1299 and A549) and examined its transcriptional changes, protein expressions, and activations. We treated VR cells by Src Family Kinase (SFK) inhibitors or gene silencing and examined cell viabilities. ATP-binding Cassette Sub-family B Member 1 (ABCB1) was highly expressed in VR cells. A pathway analysis and western blot analysis revealed the high expression of integrins β1 and β3 and the activation of FA pathway components, including Src family kinase (SFK) and AKT, in VR cells. SFK involvement in VRB resistance was confirmed by the recovery of VRB sensitivity in FYN knockdown A549 VR cells. Saracatinib, a dual inhibitor of SFK and ABCB1, had a synergistic effect with VRB in VR cells. In conclusion, ABCB1 is the primary cause of VRB resistance. Additionally, the FA pathway, particularly integrin, and SFK, are promising targets for VRB-resistant lung cancer. Further studies are needed to identify clinically applicable target drugs and biomarkers that will improve disease prognoses and predict therapeutic efficacies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Focal Adhesions/drug effects
- Focal Adhesions/metabolism
- Focal Adhesions/pathology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vinorelbine/pharmacology
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nakanishi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKobe‐City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigeto Nishikawa
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Shikuma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Terumasa Sowa
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Naoto Imamura
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryJapanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical CenterWakayamaJapan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideki Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kyoko Hijiya
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akihiro Aoyama
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Toshihiko Sato
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational ScienceKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | | | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
c-Src activity is differentially required by cancer cell motility modes. Oncogene 2018; 37:2104-2121. [PMID: 29379163 PMCID: PMC5906457 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration requires that cells respond and adapt to their surroundings. In the absence of extracellular matrix cues, cancer cells will undergo a mesenchymal to ameboid transition, whereas a highly confining space will trigger a switch to “leader bleb-based” migration. To identify oncogenic signaling pathways mediating these transitions, we undertook a targeted screen using clinically useful inhibitors. Elevated Src activity was found to change actin and focal adhesion dynamics, whereas inhibiting Src triggered focal adhesion disassembly and blebbing. On non-adherent substrates and in collagen matrices, amoeboid-like, blebbing cells having high Src activity formed protrusions of the plasma membrane. To evaluate the role of Src in confined cells, we use a novel approach that places cells under a slab of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is held at a defined height. Using this method, we find that leader bleb-based migration is resistant to Src inhibition. High Src activity was found to markedly change the architecture of cortical actomyosin, reduce cell mechanical properties, and the percentage of cells that undergo leader bleb-based migration. Thus, Src is a signal transducer that can potently influence transitions between migration modes with implications for the rational development of metastasis inhibitors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Targeting the intracellular signaling "STOP" and "GO" pathways for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1727-1743. [PMID: 29654346 PMCID: PMC5949137 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research has identified the molecular and neural substrates underlying the transition of moderate "social" consumption of alcohol to the characteristic alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenotypes including excessive and compulsive alcohol use which we define in the review as the GO signaling pathways. In addition, growing evidence points to the existence of molecular mechanisms that keep alcohol consumption in check and that confer resilience for the development of AUD which we define herein as the STOP signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on examples of the GO and the STOP intracellular signaling pathways and discuss our current knowledge of how manipulations of these pathways may be used for the treatment of AUD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bryant JL, Gieling RG, Meredith SL, Allen TJ, Walker L, Telfer BA, Supuran CT, Williams KJ, White A. Novel carbonic anhydrase IX-targeted therapy enhances the anti-tumour effects of cisplatin in small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:191-201. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bryant
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Roben G Gieling
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne L Meredith
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany-Jayne Allen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Walker
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Brian A Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | | | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seeber A, Leitner C, Philipp-Abbrederis K, Spizzo G, Kocher F. What's new in small cell lung cancer – extensive disease? An overview on advances of systemic treatment in 2016. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1427-1435. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy options for small cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease remain poor. After an initial response on first-line therapy, virtually all patients develop disease progression. For those who showed an initial response only few therapy options with low response rates are currently available. Until now, many experimental and targeted agents have failed to yield convincing clinical benefits, and new therapy options are clearly warranted for these patients. In this year's oncological congresses, several new therapy strategies, including checkpoint inhibition, showed promising results in ongoing trials. Furthermore, a potential benefit of new agents targeting DLL3, Aurora A kinase and PARP-inhibitor was reported. In this review we summarize new developments and critically highlight the most important and promising data in the relapsed small cell lung cancer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Leitner
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chikara S, Lindsey K, Borowicz P, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Reindl KM. Enterolactone alters FAK-Src signaling and suppresses migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:30. [PMID: 28068967 PMCID: PMC5223372 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and the challenges associated with targeting metastatic tumors are limiting factors for current lung cancer therapeutic approaches. To address these issues, plant-derived bioactive components have been investigated for their anti-cancer properties because many of these agents are non-toxic to healthy tissues. Enterolactone (EL) is a flaxseed-derived mammalian lignan that has demonstrated anti-migratory properties for various cancers, but EL has not been investigated in the context of lung cancer, and its anticancer mechanisms are ill-defined. We hypothesized that EL could inhibit lung cancer cell motility by affecting the FAK-Src signaling pathway. Methods Non-toxic concentrations of EL were identified for A549 and H460 human lung cancer cells by conducting 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Dephenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assays. The anti-migratory and anti-invasive potential of EL for lung cancer cell lines was determined by scratch wound healing and Matrigel® invasion assays. Changes in filamentous actin (F-actin) fiber density and length in EL-treated cells were determined using phalloidin-conjugated rhodamine dye and fluorescent microscopy. Vinculin expression in focal adhesions upon EL treatment was determined by immunocytochemistry. Gene and protein expression levels of FAK-Src signaling molecules in EL-treated lung cancer cells were determined using PCR arrays, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Results Non-toxic concentrations of EL inhibited lung cancer cell migration and invasion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EL treatment reduced the density and number of F-actin fibers in lung cancer cell lines, and reduced the number and size of focal adhesions. EL decreased phosphorylation of FAK and its downstream targets, Src, paxillin, and decreased mRNA expression of cell motility-related genes, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 in lung cancer cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that EL suppresses lung cancer cell motility and invasion by altering FAK activity and subsequent activation of downstream proteins needed for focal adhesion formation and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Therefore, administration of EL may serve as a safe and complementary approach for inhibiting lung tumor cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1512-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
27
|
Formisano L, D'Amato V, Servetto A, Brillante S, Raimondo L, Di Mauro C, Marciano R, Orsini RC, Cosconati S, Randazzo A, Parsons SJ, Montuori N, Veneziani BM, De Placido S, Rosa R, Bianco R. Src inhibitors act through different mechanisms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer models depending on EGFR and RAS mutational status. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26090-103. [PMID: 26325669 PMCID: PMC4694888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib, often related to Ras or secondary EGFR mutations, is a relevant clinical issue in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Although Src TK has been involved in such resistance, clinical development of its inhibitors has been so far limited. To better define the molecular targets of the Src TKIs saracatinib, dasatinib and bosutinib, we used a variety of in vitro/in vivo studies. Kinase assays supported by docking analysis demonstrated that all the compounds directly inhibit EGFR TK variants. However, in live cells only saracatinib efficiently reduced EGFR activation, while dasatinib was the most effective agent in inhibiting Src TK. Consistently, a pronounced anti-proliferative effect was achieved with saracatinib, in EGFR mutant cells, or with dasatinib, in wt EGFR/Ras mutant cells, poorly dependent on EGFR and erlotinib-resistant. We then identified the most effective drug combinations to overcome resistance to EGFR inhibitors, both in vitro and in nude mice: in T790M EGFR erlotinib-resistant cells, saracatinib with the anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab; in Ras mutant erlotinib-resistant models, dasatinib with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Src inhibitors may act with different mechanisms in NSCLCs, depending on EGFR/Ras mutational profile, and may be integrated with EGFR or MEK inhibitors for different cohorts of NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Brillante
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marciano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Clara Orsini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah J Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Rosa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parikh M, Riess J, Lara PN. New and emerging developments in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer therapeutics. Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 28:97-103. [PMID: 26844984 PMCID: PMC5139911 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains a disease with a dismal prognosis, with median survival of approximately 8-10 months. Despite many attempts to develop effective systemic therapies, very little progress has been made in the last several decades. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care in the first-line setting and is associated with high response rates albeit short-lived. However, there have been recent advances in the use of radiation therapy, as well as new insights into the biology of SCLC. RECENT FINDINGS Some of the most appreciable advances in the last decade have involved the use of local radiation therapy. With the use of new laboratory techniques such as genomic sequencing, there remains promise of rationally targeted drug development. Circulating tumor cell research may also provide insights to SCLC biology and further refine treatment. SUMMARY Systemic therapy for SCLC has changed little over the past 30 years with the most significant advances in ES-SCLC relating to radiotherapy rather than systemic therapy. The effectiveness of prophylactic cranial irradiation and thoracic radiotherapy has renewed interest in therapeutics focused on the modulation of DNA damage or repair. Recent developments in genomic sequencing and immunotherapy may translate to new treatment paradigms for SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Parikh
- aDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine bUniversity of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Design, synthesis and evaluation of acridine derivatives as multi-target Src and MEK kinase inhibitors for anti-tumor treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
31
|
Petrioli R, Roviello G, Laera L, Luzzi L, Paladini P, Ghiribelli C, Voltolini L, Martellucci I, Bianco V, Francini E. Cisplatin, Etoposide, and Bevacizumab Regimen Followed by Oral Etoposide and Bevacizumab Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience. Clin Lung Cancer 2015; 16:e229-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
32
|
Reddy SM, Kopetz S, Morris J, Parikh N, Qiao W, Overman MJ, Fogelman D, Shureiqi I, Jacobs C, Malik Z, Jimenez CA, Wolff RA, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick G, Eng C. Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:977-84. [PMID: 26062928 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src has a critical role in tumor cell migration and invasion. Increased Src activity has been shown to correlate with disease progression and poor prognosis, suggesting Src could serve as a therapeutic target for kinase inhibition. Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a novel selective oral Src kinase inhibitor. METHODS Metastatic colorectal cancer patients who had received one prior treatment and had measurable disease were enrolled in this phase 2 study. Saracatinib was administered at 175 mg by mouth daily for 28 day cycles until dose-limiting toxicity or progression as determined by staging every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was improvement in 4 month progression-free survival. Design of Thall, Simon, and Estey was used to monitor proportion of patients that were progression free at 4 months. The trial was opened with plan to enroll maximum of 35 patients, with futility assessment every 10 patients. RESULTS A total of 10 patients were enrolled between January and November 2007. Further enrollment was stopped due to futility. Median progression-free survival was 7.9 weeks, with all 10 patients showing disease progression following radiographic imaging. Median overall survival was 13.5 months. All patients were deceased by time of analysis. Observed adverse events were notable for a higher than expected number of patients with grade 3 hypophosphatemia (n = 5). CONCLUSION Saracatinib is a novel oral Src kinase inhibitor that was well tolerated but failed to meet its primary endpoint of improvement in 4 month progression-free survival as a single agent in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Reddy
- Hematology-Oncology Fellow, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 463, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Q, Zhou Z, Shan L, Zeng H, Hua Y, Cai Z. The importance of Src signaling in sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:17-22. [PMID: 26170970 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is a tyrosine kinase that is of significance in tumor biology. The present review focuses on Src, its molecular structure, and role in cancer, in addition to its expression and function in sarcoma. In addition, the feasibility of Src as a potential drug target for the treatment of sarcoma is also discussed. Previous studies have suggested that Src has essential functions in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and the tumor microenvironment. Thus, it may be a potential target for cancer therapy. Src has been found to enhance proliferation, reduce apoptosis and promote metastasis in certain subtypes of sarcoma, including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Furthermore, a number of novel effective therapeutic agents, such as SI-83, which target Src have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. Bosutinib and dasatinib, which inhibit Src, have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In addition, vandetanib is approved for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the Src inhibitor, saracatinib, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, including breast and lung cancers. Thus, Src is considered to be an important factor in sarcoma progression and may present a novel clinical therapeutic target. This review demonstrates the importance and clinical relevance of Src in sarcoma, and discusses a number of small molecular inhibitors of src kinase, such as dasatinib and sarcatinib, which are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of sarcoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanchi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Liancheng Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu L, Zhan P, Zhou X, Song Y, Zhou X, Yu L, Wang J. Detection of EML4-ALK in lung adenocarcinoma using pleural effusion with FISH, IHC, and RT-PCR methods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117032. [PMID: 25785456 PMCID: PMC4364974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene rearrangements occur in approximately 5% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC), leading to the overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase and predicting a response to the targeted inhibitor, crizotinib. Malignant pleural effusion occurs in most patients with advanced lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, and tissue samples are not always available from these patients. We attempted to clarify the feasibility of detecting the EML4-ALK fusion gene in pleural effusion cells using different methods. We obtained 66 samples of pleural effusion from NSCLC patients. The pleural effusion fluid was centrifuged, and the cellular components obtained were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. The EML4-ALK fusion gene status was determined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). EML4-ALK was detected in three of 66 patient samples (4.5%) with RT-PCR. When the RT-PCR data were used as the standard, one false positive and one false negative samples were identified with IHC; and one false negative sample was identified with FISH. These results suggest that a block of pleural effusion cells can be used to detect the EML4-ALK fusion gene. IHC had good sensitivity, but low specificity. FISH had low sensitivity, but high specificity. RT-PCR is a good candidate method for detecting EML4-ALK in blocks of pleural effusion cells from lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Thoracic Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Like Yu
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Thoracic Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
El-Chemaly S, Henske EP. The next breakthrough in LAM clinical trials may be their design: challenges in design and execution of future LAM clinical trials. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:195-204. [PMID: 25757365 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1024663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has resulted in stunning progress in the pathogenesis and therapy of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), culminating in the pivotal 'MILES' trial, the first-ever randomized, placebo-controlled trial in LAM, demonstrating the efficacy of sirolimus in 2011. Here, we review clinical progress since 2011, focusing on new therapeutic and observational trials. These trials include the second randomized, placebo-controlled trial, a 2-year study of doxycycline effectiveness in LAM. Other clinical studies have addressed lower-dose sirolimus and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. An improved understanding of LAM pathogenesis is essential to future therapeutic breakthroughs. Critical questions that remain to be addressed include the role of estrogen and lymphangiogenesis in LAM pathogenesis and therapy, mechanisms of cystic lung destruction, the role of autophagy and pro-survival pathways in LAM cell survival. Ultimately, achieving future 'breakthroughs' in LAM will require continued rigorous basic and preclinical investigation, innovative clinical trial design and robust biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Blackfan Circle, Karp 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|