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Beckett EM, Abelmann A, Roberts B, Lewis RC, Cheatham D, Miller EW, Hall E, Pierce JS. An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:611-657. [PMID: 38126124 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2283169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This analysis updates two previous analyses that evaluated the exposure-response relationships for lung cancer and mesothelioma in chrysotile-exposed cohorts. We reviewed recently published studies, as well as updated information from previous studies. Based on the 16 studies considered for chrysotile (<10% amphibole), we identified the "no-observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for lung cancer and/or mesothelioma; it should be noted that smoking or previous or concurrent occupational exposure to amphiboles (if it existed) was not controlled for. NOAEL values ranged from 2.3-<11.5 f/cc-years to 1600-3200 f/cc-years for lung cancer and from 100-<400 f/cc-years to 800-1599 f/cc-years for mesothelioma. The range of best-estimate NOAELs was estimated to be 97-175 f/cc-years for lung cancer and 250-379 f/cc-years for mesothelioma. None of the six cohorts of cement or friction product manufacturing workers exhibited an increased risk at any exposure level, while all but one of the six studies of textile workers reported an increased risk at one or more exposure levels. This is likely because friction and cement workers were exposed to much shorter chrysotile fibers. Only eight cases of peritoneal mesothelioma were reported in all studies on predominantly chrysotile-exposed cohorts combined. This analysis also proposed best-estimate amosite and crocidolite NOAELs for mesothelioma derived by the application of relative potency estimates to the best-estimate chrysotile NOAELs for mesothelioma and validated by epidemiology studies with exposure-response information. The best-estimate amosite and crocidolite NOAELs for mesothelioma were 2-5 f/cc-years and 0.6-1 f/cc-years, respectively. The rate of peritoneal mesothelioma in amosite- and crocidolite-exposed cohorts was between approximately 70- to 100-fold and several-hundred-fold higher than in chrysotile-exposed cohorts, respectively. These findings will help characterize potential worker and consumer health risks associated with historical and current chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ethan Hall
- Benchmark Risk Group, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Wang J, Huang X, Ma R, Zhang Q, Wu N, Du X, Ye Q. The incidence of malignancies in asbestosis with chrysotile exposure: a large Chinese prospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172496. [PMID: 37483507 PMCID: PMC10359706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asbestos exposure is closely related to the occurrence and development of various malignancies. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and potential risk factors in a cohort of asbestosis patients in China. Methods The incidence of malignancies was determined in patients who had been exposed to chrysotile asbestos and diagnosed with asbestosis sequentially at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the correlations between clinical variables and asbestosis combined with malignancies. Results A total of 618 patients with asbestosis were identified, of whom 544 were eligible for analysis. Among them, 89 (16.36%) were diagnosed with various malignancies. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of patients with asbestosis combined with malignancies were 16.61, 175, 5.23, and 8.77 for lung cancer, mesothelioma, breast cancer, and endometrial carcinoma, respectively. The risks of all malignancies and lung cancer increased with initial exposure before 17 years old, longer asbestos exposure, and smoking. Conclusions The SIRs of patients with asbestosis-related malignancies were significantly increased in lung cancer, mesothelioma, breast cancer, and endometrial carcinoma in a hospital-based Chinese cohort. Smoking and the duration of asbestos exposure increased the risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Wei H. Identifying the Environmental Determinants of Lung Cancer: A Case Study of Henan, China. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000794. [PMID: 37275567 PMCID: PMC10234758 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has become one of the most prevalent cancers in the last several decades. Studies have documented that most cases of lung cancer are caused by inhaling environmental carcinogens while how external environmental factors lead to individual lung cancer is still an open issue as the pathogenesis may come from the combined action of multiple environmental factors, and such pathogenic mechanism may vary from region to region. Based on the data of lung cancer cases from hospitals at the county level in Henan from 2016 to 2020, we analyzed the response relationship between lung cancer incidence and physical ambient factors (air quality, meteorological conditions, soil vegetation) and socioeconomic factors (occupational environment, medical level, heating mode, smoking behavior). We used a Bayesian spatio-temporal interaction model to evaluate the relative risk of disease in different regions. The results showed that smoking was still the primary determinant of lung cancer, but the influence of air quality was increasing year by year, with meteorological conditions and occupational environment playing a synergistic role in this process. The high-risk areas were concentrated in the plains of East and Central Henan and the basin of South Henan, while the low-risk areas were concentrated in the hilly areas of North and West Henan, which were related to the topography of Henan. Our study provides a better understanding of the environmental determinants of lung cancer which will help refine existing prevention strategies and recognize the areas where actions are required to prevent environment and occupation related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Remote Sensing and Information EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanqing Xu
- School of Remote Sensing and Information EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuchen Li
- MRC Epidemiology UnitSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Haitao Wei
- The School of the Geo‐Science & TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Joint Laboratory of Eco‐MeteorologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Thives LP, Ghisi E, Thives Júnior JJ, Vieira AS. Is asbestos still a problem in the world? A current review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115716. [PMID: 35863303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos has been used by automobile, construction, manufacturing, power, and chemical industries for many years due to its particular properties, i.e. high tensile strength, non-flammable, thermal and electrical resistance and stability, and chemical resistance. However, such a mineral causes harmful effects to human health, including different types of cancer (e.g., mesothelioma). As a result, the use of asbestos has been banned since the 1980s in many countries. Nonetheless, asbestos is still part of the daily life of the population as asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are still present in many buildings constructed and renovated before the 1990s. This work aims to present a current literature review about asbestos. The literature review was composed mainly of research articles published in international journals from the medical and engineering disciplines to provide an overview of asbestos use effects reported in interdisciplinary areas. The literature review comprised asbestos characteristics and its relationship to the risks of human exposure, countries where asbestos use is permitted or banned, reducing asbestos in the built environment, and environmental impact due to use and disposal of asbestos. The main findings were that ACMs are still responsible for severe human diseases, particularly in areas where there is a lack of coordinated asbestos management plans, reduced awareness about asbestos health risks, or even a delay in the implementation of asbestos-ban. Such issues may be more prevailing in developing countries. The current research in many countries contemplates several methodologies and techniques to process ACMs into inert and recyclable materials. The identification and coordinated management of ACM hazardous waste is a significant challenge to be faced by countries, and its inadequate disposal causes severe risk of exposure to asbestos fibres. Based on this work, it was concluded that banning asbestos is indicated in all countries in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liseane P Thives
- Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Brazil
| | - Enedir Ghisi
- Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Brazil.
| | | | - Abel Silva Vieira
- Urban Analytics and Complex Systems (UACS) Consulting, Queensland, Australia; Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Australia
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Wu CW, Chuang HY, Tsai DL, Kuo TY, Yang CC, Chen HC, Kuo CH. Meta-Analysis of the Association between Asbestos Exposure and Esophageal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11088. [PMID: 34769609 PMCID: PMC8582795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between asbestos exposure and esophageal cancer. METHODS We systematically collected articles from three electronic databases and calculated the pooled standardized mortality rate (SMR) from the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis according to the type of asbestos exposure, follow-up years, sample size, industry classification, sex, and high-dose exposure was conducted. RESULTS From 242 studies, 34 cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled SMR was positively associated with asbestos exposure and esophageal cancer (pooled SMR = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.38, p < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, (1) chrysolite, (2) four groups with follow-up over ten years, (3) the textile industry and shipyard, (4) both male and female, and (5) eight studies on highest asbestos exposure, all the subgroups showed significantly increased pooled SMRs. CONCLUSION Asbestos exposure was significantly and positively associated with esophageal cancer, especially chrysolite. Considering the long latency period, we suggest that patients should be followed up for cancer, including esophageal cancer, for over ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan; or
- Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Yu Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan; or
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
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Girotto CP, de Campos SD, de Campos ÉA. Chrysotile asbestos treated with phosphoric acid as an adsorbent for ammonia nitrogen. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03397. [PMID: 32099924 PMCID: PMC7030997 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find an alternative application for chrysotile asbestos, given that there is a complete structure of extraction and production of this class of serpentine minerals, but its use is banned for many applications. The idea was to obtain a compound that could immobilize phosphate by triggering a reaction between the magnesium oxide and hydroxide contained in the mineral, without causing phosphate leaching. To this end, chrysotile (Mg3SiO5(OH)4) was treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in a molar ratio of 1:3 in an aqueous medium at 85 °C until the solvent evaporated, resulting in two different solid compounds, which were prepared in a similar manner. The first compound (cri/H3PO4 1:3)1, was obtained by rinsing and then heat-treating it at 150 °C for 6 h, while the second one, (cri/H3PO4 1:3)2, was rinsed after the heat treatment. Compound (cri/H3PO4 1:3)1 underwent partial leaching, while compound (cri/H3PO4 1:3)2 showed a mass increase of 48%, with the formation of crystalline magnesium pyrophosphate mixed with amorphous SiO2. The latter compound adsorbed N–NH3 at pH 10, following the pseudo-first-order model (activation energy = 8329 ± 1696 J mol−1). Equilibrium experiments, which were performed following Hill's sigmoidal type S2 isotherm model, indicated that the adsorption phenomenon was governed by two processes, i.e., complexation up to the inflection point (KH between 10.0 mg L−1 at 40 °C and 13.6 mg L−1 at 25 °C) followed by adsorption. The qmax varied from 18.0 to 19.6 mgN g−1 and the adsorbent was reusable, maintaining its initial adsorbent capacity during its first reuse. This material, which was tested on real effluents, presented a N–NH3 removal rate similar to that shown by the test solutions. The treatment of chrysotile with H3PO4 conducts it to a composite that adsorbs ammoniacal nitrogen at pH 10 and it is reusable maintaining the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Girotto
- Center for Engineering and Exact Sciences, Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Toledo, 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Sílvia D de Campos
- Center for Engineering and Exact Sciences, Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Toledo, 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Élvio A de Campos
- Center for Engineering and Exact Sciences, Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Toledo, 85903-000, PR, Brazil
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Ferrante D, Mirabelli D, Silvestri S, Azzolina D, Giovannini A, Tribaudino P, Magnani C. Mortality and mesothelioma incidence among chrysotile asbestos miners in Balangero, Italy: A cohort study. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:135-145. [PMID: 31821579 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied cancer mortality and mesothelioma incidence in 974 male workers employed at least 6 months at the Balangero mine (Italy), the largest chrysotile mine in Western Europe, active from 1917 to 1985. METHODS Vital status as of 31 May 2013, causes of deaths and mesothelioma incidence from 1990 were ascertained. Past exposure to asbestos by working area and calendar period was estimated, based on historical data of fibers concentrations. Individual cumulative exposure was assessed by applying estimates to the job history of cohort members. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for selected causes and standardized incidence ratios for malignant mesothelioma (MM) were calculated based on regional reference rates. Poisson regression analysis was used to study MM and lung cancer risk by latency, duration, and cumulative exposure. RESULTS Mortality was increased for all causes (SMR = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.40), pleural cancer (SMR = 4.30; 95% CI = 1.58-9.37), asbestosis (SMR = 375.06; 95% CI = 262.68-519.23). An increase was also found for lung cancer (SMR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.81-1.55) and peritoneal cancer (SMR = 3.25; 95% CI = 0.39-11.75). The risk of both pleural and peritoneal cancer mortality and of mesothelioma incidence increased with increasing cumulative exposure, duration, and latency. Poisson regression analyses showed an increase in mesothelioma risk with cumulative asbestos exposure and suggest a similar trend for lung cancer. Asbestosis mortality also increased with cumulative exposure. CONCLUSIONS Among Balangero chrysotile miners and millers, the occurrence of malignant and nonmalignant asbestos-related diseases was increased by exposure, with dose-response relation. The study confirms the carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos, in particular for pleural mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferrante
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern Piedmont and CPO Piemonte Novara Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical SciencesCPO Piemonte and University of Turin Turin Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre G. Scansetti for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic ParticulatesUniversity of Turin Turin Italy
| | | | - Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern Piedmont and CPO Piemonte Novara Italy
| | | | | | - Corrado Magnani
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern Piedmont and CPO Piemonte Novara Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre G. Scansetti for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic ParticulatesUniversity of Turin Turin Italy
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Algranti E, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Terracini B, Santana VS, Comba P, Pasetto R, Mazzeo A, Cavariani F, Trotta A, Marsili D. Prevention of Asbestos Exposure in Latin America within a Global Public Health Perspective. Ann Glob Health 2019; 85:49. [PMID: 30924615 PMCID: PMC6634328 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos consumption in Latin America (LA) amounts to 10% of yearly global production. Little is known about the impact of asbestos exposure in the region. OBJECTIVE To discuss scientific and socio-economic issues and conflicts of interest and to summarize epidemiological data of asbestos health effects in LA. DISCUSSION Recent data on chrysotile strengthened the evidence of its carcinogenicity and showed an excessive risk of lung cancer at cumulative exposure levels as low as 1.5 fibre-years/ml. Technology for substitution is available for all asbestos-containing products and ceasing asbestos production and manufacturing will not result in unemployment and loss of income, except for the mining industry. The flawed arguments used by the industry to maintain its market, both to the public and in courtrooms, strongly relies on the lack of local evidence of the ill effects and on the invisibility of asbestos-related diseases in LA, due to the limited number of studies and the exposed workers' difficulty accessing health services. The few epidemiological studies available show clear evidence of clusters of mesothelioma in municipalities with a history of asbestos consumption and a forecasted rise in its incidence in Argentina and Brazil for the next decade. In Brazil, non-governmental organizations of asbestos workers were pivotal to counterbalance misinformation and inequities, ending recently in a Supreme Court decision backing an asbestos ban. In parallel, continuous efforts should be made to stimulate the growth of competent and ethical researchers to convey adequate information to the scientific community and to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vilma S. Santana
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BR
| | - Pietro Comba
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, IT
| | - Roberto Pasetto
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, IT
| | - Agata Mazzeo
- School of Arts, Humanities, and Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Bologna, IT
| | - Fulvio Cavariani
- Centro Regionale Amianto Lazio Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Unità Sanitaria Locale, Viterbo, IT
| | - Andrés Trotta
- Instituto de Salud Colectiva (ISCo)/Institute of Collective Health, Universidad Nacional de Lanús (UNLa)/National University of Lanús, Buenos Aires, AR
| | - Daniela Marsili
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, IT
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Spasiano D, Luongo V, Race M, Petrella A, Fiore S, Apollonio C, Pirozzi F, Fratino U, Piccinni AF. Sustainable bio-hydrothermal sequencing treatment for asbestos-cement wastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:256-263. [PMID: 30368063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the treatment of asbestos-cement waste (ACW) has been attempted by a dark fermentation (DF) pre-treatment followed by hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion (AD) treatments. During DF, glucose, employed as a biodegradable substrate, was mainly converted to H2-rich biogas and organic acids (OAs). The latter caused the dissolution of the cement matrix and the partial structural collapse of chrysotile (white asbestos). To complete the chrysotile degradation, hydrothermal treatment of the DF effluents was performed under varying operating conditions (temperature, acid type, and load). After the addition of 5.0 g/L sulfuric acid, a temperature decrease, from 80 °C to 40 °C, slowed down the treatment. Similarly, at 100 °C, a decrease of sulfuric, lactic or malic acid load from 5.0 g/L to 1.0 g/L slowed down the process, regardless of acid type. The acid type did not affect the hydrothermal treatment but influenced the AD of the hydrothermal effluents. Indeed, when malic acid was used, the AD of the hydrothermally treated effluents resulted in the highest production of methane. At the end of the AD treatment, some magnesium ions derived from ACW dissolution participated in the crystallization of struvite, an ecofriendly phosphorous-based fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Spasiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Luongo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni "Renato Caccioppoli", Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Andrea Petrella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Fiore
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ciro Apollonio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Fratino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto F Piccinni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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10
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A comparison of asbestos fiber potency and elongate mineral particle (EMP) potency for mesothelioma in humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:127-136. [PMID: 30077661 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the mesothelioma mortality in cohorts of workers exposed to crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile to estimate asbestos fiber potency for mesothelioma, using the method of Hodgson and Darnton (2000). We relied on the original 17 cohort studies in their analysis, along with 3 updates of those studies and 3 new asbestos cohort studies published since 2000. We extended the analyses to examine the mesothelioma potency of tremolite in vermiculite from Libby, Montana, and for non-asbestiform elongate mineral particles (EMPs) in taconite iron ore, talc, and South Dakota gold mining. Mesothelioma potency (RMeso) was calculated as the percent of all expected deaths that were due to mesothelioma per fiber/cc-year of exposure.The RMeso was 0.0012 for chrysotile, 0.099 for amosite, and 0.451 for crocidolite: thus, the relative potency of chrysotile:amosite:crocidolite was 1:83:376, which was not appreciably different from the estimates by Hodgson and Darnton in 2000. The RMeso for taconite mining fibers was 0.069 which was slightly smaller than that for amosite. The RMeso for Libby fibers was 0.028 which was greater than that for chrysotile and less than that for amosite. Talc and gold mining EMPs were non-potent for mesothelioma. Although there are a number of methods for estimating fiber potency of asbestos and non-asbestiform EMPs, the method of Hodgson and Darnton provides a uniform method by which fiber potency can be compared across many fiber types. Our estimates of RMeso provide a useful addition to our knowledge of mesothelioma potency for different asbestos and non-asbestiform EMP fibers.
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Valenzuela M, Giraldo M, Gallo-Murcia S, Pineda J, Santos L, Ramos-Bonilla JP. Recent Scientific Evidence Regarding Asbestos Use and Health Consequences of Asbestos Exposure. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:335-347. [PMID: 27696225 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To justify the continuous use of two million tons of asbestos every year, it has been argued that a safe/controlled use can be achieved. The aim of this review was to identify recent scientific studies that present empirical evidence of: 1) health consequences resulting from past asbestos exposures and 2) current asbestos exposures resulting from asbestos use. Articles with evidence that could support or reject the safe/controlled use argument were also identified. A total of 155 articles were included in the review, and 87 % showed adverse asbestos health consequences or high asbestos exposures. Regarding the safe/controlled use, 44 articles were identified, and 82 % had evidence suggesting that the safe/controlled use is not being achieved. A large percentage of articles with evidence that support the safe/controlled use argument have a conflict of interest declared. Most of the evidence was developed in high-income countries and in countries that have already banned asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Valenzuela
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Margarita Giraldo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Gallo-Murcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Pineda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Santos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1ª Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Gao Y, Zhang JF, Li QC, Liu JJ, Liu LL, Yang XF, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. The clinicopathological and prognostic features of Chinese and Japanese inpatients with lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67425-67434. [PMID: 27608841 PMCID: PMC5341886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we retrospectively compared the differences in clinicopathological behaviors and prognosis of lung cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital (CMU1, n=513), Shengjing Hospital (CMUS, n=1021), Tumor Hospital (CMUT, n=5378) of China Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian (DMU, n=2251) and Jinzhou (JMU, n=630) Medical University, Takaoka Kouseiren Hospital (Takaoka, n=163) of Japan. Japanese lung cancer patients showed smaller tumor size, lower TNM staging, lower ratio of squamous cell carcinoma and higher ratio of small and large cell carcinomas than Chinese patients (p<0.05). Survival analysis showed that tumor size was employed as a prognostic factor for the Japanese and Chinese cancer patients (p<0.05). In DMU and CMUS, the ratios of female patients or adenocarcinoma were higher than other hospitals (p<0.05), while the patients from CMUT and CMU1 were younger than the others (p<0.05). The ratios of squamous cell carcinoma from CMUT, CMU1 and JMU were higher than the others, while it was the same for the ratio of large and small cell carcinoma in Takaoka and CMU1 (p<0.05). TNM staging was higher in CMUT than JMU and Takaoka (p<0.05). The female patients of lung cancer showed young prone, large tumor size, a high ratio of adenocarcinoma and advanced TNM staging in comparison to the counterpart (p<0.05). The younger patients of lung cancer displayed smaller tumor size, higher ratio of adenocarcinoma, lower TNM staging than the elder in Takaoka (p<0.05). There were more aggressive behaviors and shorter survival time for Chinese than Japanese lung cancer patients. The prevention of lung cancer should be strengthened by establishing a systematic and effective screening strategy, especially for the young and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Qing-Chang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Unrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Huang HF, Xing XL, Zhang ZZ, Qi SH, Yang D, Yuen DA, Sandy EH, Zhou AG, Li XQ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multimedia environment of Heshan coal district, Guangxi: distribution, source diagnosis and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:1169-1181. [PMID: 26563207 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities are among the major culprits of the wide occurrences of soil and water pollution by PAHs in coal district, which have resulted in ecological fragilities and health risk for local residents. Sixteen PAHs in multimedia environment from the Heshan coal district of Guangxi, South China, were measured, aiming to investigate the contamination level, distribution and possible sources and to estimate the potential health risks of PAHs. The average concentrations of 16 PAHs in the coal, coal gangue, soil, surface water and groundwater were 5114.56, 4551.10, 1280.12 ng g(-1), 426.98 and 381.20 ng L(-1), respectively. Additionally, higher soil and water PAH concentrations were detected in the vicinities of coal or coal gangue dump. Composition analysis, isomeric ratio, Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed to diagnose the potential sources of PAHs in different environmental matrices, suggesting the dominant inputs of PAHs from coal/coal combustion and coal gangue in the soil and water. Soil and water guidelines and the incremental lifetime risk (ICLR) were used to assess the health risk, showing that soil and water were heavily contaminated by PAHs, and mean ICLRcoal/coal-gangue and mean ICLRsoil were both significantly higher than the acceptable levels (1 × 10(-4)), posing high potential carcinogenic risk to residents, especially coal workers. This study highlights the environmental pollution problems and public health concerns of coal mining, particularly the potential occupational health hazards of coal miners exposed in Heshan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Fang Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin-Li Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ze-Zhou Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shi-Hua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dave A Yuen
- Minnesota Supercomputer Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415-1227, USA
| | - Edward H Sandy
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ai-Guo Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY Thousands of workers are engaged in textile industry worldwide. Textile industry involves the use of different kinds of dyes which are known to possess carcinogenic properties. Solvents used in these industries are also associated with different health related hazards including cancer. In previous studies on textile and iron industries, the authors have reported genotoxicity among them and observed occurrence of cancer deaths among textile industry workers. Thus, an attempt has been made to compile the studies on the prevalence of different types of cancers among textile industry workers. LITERATURE SEARCH A wide literature search has been done for compiling the present paper. Papers on cancer occurrence among textile industry workers have been taken from 1976 to 2015. A variety of textile dyes and solvents, many of them being carcinogenic, are being used worldwide in the textile industry. The textile industry workers are therefore, in continuous exposure to these dyes, solvents, fibre dusts and various other toxic chemicals. The present study evaluates the potential of different chemicals and physical factors to be carcinogenic agents among occupationally exposed workers by going through various available reports and researches. Papers were collected using different databases and a number of studies report the association of textile industry and different types of cancer including lung, bladder, colorectal and breast cancer. After going through the available reports, it can be concluded that workers under varied job categories in textile industries are at a higher risk of developing cancer as various chemicals used in the textile industry are toxic and can act as potential health risk in inducing cancer among them. Assessing the cancer risk at different job levels in textile industries may be found useful in assessing the overall risk to the workers and formulating the future cancer preventive strategies.
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Marsili D, Terracini B, Santana VS, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Pasetto R, Mazzeo A, Loomis D, Comba P, Algranti E. Prevention of Asbestos-Related Disease in Countries Currently Using Asbestos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E494. [PMID: 27187433 PMCID: PMC4881119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 years of evaluation have consistently confirmed the carcinogenicity of asbestos in all of its forms. This notwithstanding, according to recent figures, the annual world production of asbestos is approximatively 2,000,000 tons. Currently, about 90% of world asbestos comes from four countries: Russia, China, Brazil and Kazakhstan; and the wide use of asbestos worldwide represents a global threat. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the asbestos health impact and to discuss the role of epidemiological investigations in countries where asbestos is still used. In these contexts, new, "local" studies can stimulate awareness of the size of the problem by public opinion and other stakeholders and provide important information on the circumstances of exposure, as well as local asbestos-related health impacts. This paper suggests an agenda for an international cooperation framework dedicated to foster a public health response to asbestos, including: new epidemiological studies for assessing the health impact of asbestos in specific contexts; socio-cultural and economic analyses for contributing to identifying stakeholders and to address both the local and global implications of asbestos diffusion; public awareness on the health and socio-economic impact of asbestos use and banning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marsili
- Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Benedetto Terracini
- Professor of Biostatistics, University of Turin (Now Retired), Turin 10124, Italy.
| | - Vilma S Santana
- Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil.
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental/Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.
| | - Roberto Pasetto
- Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Contaminated Sites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Agata Mazzeo
- Department of History and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Dana Loomis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France.
| | - Pietro Comba
- Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Contaminated Sites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Pierce JS, Ruestow PS, Finley BL. An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:561-86. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2016.1150960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Baur X, Soskolne CL, Lemen RA, Schneider J, Woitowitz HJ, Budnik LT. How conflicted authors undermine the World Health Organization (WHO) campaign to stop all use of asbestos: spotlight on studies showing that chrysotile is carcinogenic and facilitates other non-cancer asbestos-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 21:176-9. [PMID: 25729927 PMCID: PMC4457129 DOI: 10.1179/2049396714y.0000000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The silicate mineral asbestos is categorized into two main groups based on fiber structure: serpentine asbestos (chrysotile) and amphibole asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite). Chrysotile is used in more than 2 000 applications and is especially prevalent in the construction industry. Although its use is banned or restricted in more than 52 countries, an estimated 107 000 workers die from asbestos exposure each year, and approximately 125 million workers continue to be exposed. Furthermore, ambient exposures persist to which the public is exposed, globally. Today, the primary controversies regarding the use of asbestos are the potencies of different types of asbestos, as opposed whether or not asbestos causes morbidity and mortality. The asbestos industry has promoted and funded research based on selected literature, ignoring both clinical and scientific knowledge. In this piece, we highlight a prominent example of a conflicted publication that sought to undermine the World Health Organization (WHO) campaign to stop the use of all forms of asbestos, including chrysotile asbestos. Independent and rigorous scientific data provide sufficient evidence that chrysotile asbestos, like other forms of asbestos, is a cause of asbestos-related morbidity and premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaver Baur
- Division of Occupational Lung Diseases and Allergy, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin L Soskolne
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Richard A Lemen
- United States Public Health Service (ret.), Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Woitowitz
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Lygia Therese Budnik
- Institute for Occupational and Social Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Germany
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