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Pinta W, Aninbon C, Kaewtaphan P, Kunyanee K. Effects of Parboiling on Chemical Properties, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Landrace Rice. Foods 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38338528 PMCID: PMC10855876 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parboiling influences chemical compositions in rice grains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the change in chemical content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of landrace rice genotypes under parboiling conditions and to identify the genotypes suitable for production of parboiled rice. Landrace rice varieties used in this study consisted of Glam Feang, Glam Tonkeaw, Kawgum, Glam Luem Phua, Medmakham, Deang Sakonnakhon, Sang Yod, Kawniewd-eang, Mali Deang, KDML105 and RD6. Parboiling reduced fiber content, total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity in rice grains. Fiber contents were 1.46% in brown rice (unpolished rice) and 1.40% in parboiled rice (24 h of soaking and 48 h of incubation). Total phenolic contents were 205.67 mg/100 g seed in brown rice and 35.34 mg/100 g seed in parboiled rice. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) reduced from 68.45% in brown rice to 26.23% in parboiled rice. Ash content and protein content were not significantly affected by the parboiling process. Medmakham cv. had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in brown rice and parboiled rice. Gum Leamphea cv. and Medmakham cv. were the best genotypes for ash content, protein content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) in brown rice and parboiled rice. Glam Feang cv. had the highest protein contents in brown rice and parboiled rice although it had low total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Cluster analysis further showed variation among genotypes, revealing distinct groupings in brown rice and parboiled rice based on chemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This research significantly contributes to a better understanding on how parboiling affects rice compositions and nutritional values. It emphasizes the importance of nuanced comprehension of how different rice varieties respond to parboiling, aiding informed decisions in rice processing and selection to meet specific nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwipa Pinta
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Phang Khon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand;
| | - Chorkaew Aninbon
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Phissanu Kaewtaphan
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Kannika Kunyanee
- Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
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Sivamaruthi BS, Alagarsamy K, Thangaleela S, Bharathi M, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C. Composition, Microbiota, Mechanisms, and Anti-Obesity Properties of Rice Bran. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061300. [PMID: 36981226 PMCID: PMC10048552 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a major cereal crop and a staple food for nearly 50% of people worldwide. Rice bran (RB) is a nutrient-rich by-product of rice processing. RB is rich in carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, minerals, and several trace elements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and manganese). The extraction process and storage have influenced RB extracts and RB oil's quality. The RB composition has also varied on the rice cultivars. The color of RB indicates the richness of the bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanins. γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and unsaturated fatty acids are major components of RB oil. It has been established that RB supplementation could improve the host's health status. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported that RB has antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticolitis, and antidiabetic properties. The beneficial biological properties of RB are partially attributed to its ability to alter the host microbiome and help to maintain and restore eubiosis. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease, account for 74% of deaths worldwide. Obesity is a global health problem and is a major reason for the development of NCDs. The medical procedures for managing obesity are expensive and long-term health supplements are required to maintain a healthy weight. Thus, cost-effective natural adjuvant therapeutic strategy is crucial to treat and manage obesity. Several studies have revealed that RB could be a complementary pharmacological candidate to treat obesity. A comprehensive document with basic information and recent scientific results on the anti-obesity activity of RB and RB compounds is obligatory. Thus, the current manuscript was prepared to summarize the composition of RB and the influence of RB on the host microbiome, possible mechanisms, and preclinical and clinical studies on the anti-obesity properties of RB. This study suggested that the consumption of RB oil and dietary RB extracts might assist in managing obesity-associated health consequences. Further, extended clinical studies in several ethnic groups are required to develop dietary RB-based functional and nutritional supplements, which could serve as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Karthikeyan Alagarsamy
- Department of Microbiology (Aided), PSG College of Arts and Science, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Jaksomsak P, Konseang S, Dell B, Rouached H, Prom-u-thai C. Grain and Leaf Anthocyanin Concentration Varies among Purple Rice Varieties and Growing Condition in Aerated and Flooded Soil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238355. [PMID: 36500461 PMCID: PMC9737845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of pigments responsible for the red-blue color in plant parts, and have potential for health benefits and pharmaceutical ingredients. To evaluate whether anthocyanin concentrations in five purple rice varieties could be varied by water condition, plants were grown in waterlogged and aerobic (well-drained) soil. Grain anthocyanin concentration and grain yield were measured at maturity, while leaf anthocyanin concentrations were measured at booting and flowering stages. Four varieties grown under the waterlogged condition had 2.0−5.5 times higher grain anthocyanin than in the aerobic condition. There was a positive relationship between grain and leaf anthocyanin at booting in the waterlogged condition (r = 0.90, p < 0.05), while grain and leaf anthocyanin were positively correlated at flowering in both the waterlogged (r = 0.88, p < 0.05) and aerobic (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) conditions. The results suggest that water management should be adopted as a practical agronomic tool for improving the anthocyanin concentration of purple rice for specialist markets, but the specific responses between rice varieties to water management should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennapa Jaksomsak
- Program in Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Sawika Konseang
- Program in Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
| | - Bernard Dell
- Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
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Shahidi F, Danielski R, Rhein SO, Meisel LA, Fuentes J, Speisky H, Schwember AR, de Camargo AC. Wheat and Rice beyond Phenolic Acids: Genetics, Identification Database, Antioxidant Properties, and Potential Health Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3283. [PMID: 36501323 PMCID: PMC9739071 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and rice play a vital role in human nutrition and food security. A better understanding of the potential health benefits associated with consuming these cereals, combined with studies by plant scientists and food chemists to view the entire food value chain from the field, pre and post-harvest processing, and subsequent "fork" consumption, may provide the necessary tools to optimize wheat and rice production towards the goal of better human health improvement and food security, providing tools to better adapt to the challenges associated with climate change. Since the available literature usually focuses on only one food chain segment, this narrative review was designed to address the identities and concentration of phenolics of these cereal crops from a farm-to-fork perspective. Wheat and rice genetics, phenolic databases, antioxidant properties, and potential health effects are summarized. These cereals contain much more than phenolic acids, having significant concentrations of flavonoids (including anthocyanins) and proanthocyanidins in a cultivar-dependent manner. Their potential health benefits in vitro have been extensively studied. According to a number of in vivo studies, consumption of whole wheat, wheat bran, whole rice, and rice bran may be strategies to improve health. Likewise, anthocyanin-rich cultivars have shown to be very promising as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Samantha Ottani Rhein
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Lee A. Meisel
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Hernan Speisky
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Andrés R. Schwember
- Departament of Plant Sciences, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Combination of Medium- and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Isolation of L-tryptophan (Q-marker) from Medicago sativa Extract. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicago sativa (alfalfa) is a widely used animal feed. However, its quality has been difficult to control due to the lack of appropriate marker compounds. Therefore, it is very necessary to select an appropriate quality marker (Q-marker) to control its quality. In this study, medium-pressure liquid chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography were employed to effectively prepare the separation of the Q-marker (L-tryptophan) from Medicago sativa. Firstly, using MCI GEL® CHP20P as the stationary phase, 2.5 g of the target fraction Fr3 was enriched from crude Medicago sativa extract (2.9 kg) by medium-pressure liquid chromatography. Secondly, Sephadex LH-20 was used to further separate Fr3 fractions, and the Fr34 fraction (358.3 mg) was enriched after 14 repetitions. Lastly, using the ReproSil-Pur C18 AQ preparative column, 63.4 mg of L-tryptophan was obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the purity was above 95%. The results showed that medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MCI GEL® CHP20P and Sephadex LH-20) combined with high-pressure liquid chromatography (ReproSil-Pur C18 AQ) could be used to effectively prepare the Q-marker from natural products with satisfactory purity.
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DARMASIWI S, ARAMSIRIRUJIWET Y, KIMKONG I. Biological activities and chemical profile of Hericium erinaceus mycelium cultivated on mixed red and white jasmine rice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sari DARMASIWI
- Kasetsart University, Thailand; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | | | - Ingorn KIMKONG
- Kasetsart University, Thailand; Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Tiozon RJN, Sartagoda KJD, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. The nutritional profile and human health benefit of pigmented rice and the impact of post-harvest processes and product development on the nutritional components: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-28. [PMID: 34709089 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigmented rice has attracted considerable attention due to its nutritional value, which is in large conferred by its abundant content of phenolic compounds, considerable micronutrient concentrations, as well as its higher resistant starch and thereby slower digestibility properties. A wide range of phenolic compounds identified in pigmented rice exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Post-harvest processes significantly reduce the levels of these phytochemicals, but recent developments in processing methods have allowed greater retention of their contents. Pigmented rice has also been converted to different products for food preservation and to derive functional foods. Profiling a large set of pigmented rice cultivars will thus not only provide new insights into the phytochemical diversity of rice and the genes underlying the vast array of secondary metabolites present in this species but also provide information concerning their nutritional benefits, which will be instrumental in breeding healthier rice. The present review mainly focuses on the nutritional composition of pigmented rice and how it can impact human health alongside the effects of post-harvest processes and product development methods to retain the ambient level of phytochemicals in the final processed form in which it is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kristel June D Sartagoda
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Comparison of β-Glucan Content in Milled Rice, Rice Husk and Rice Bran from Rice Cultivars Grown in Different Locations of Thailand and the Relationship between β-Glucan and Amylose Contents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216368. [PMID: 34770775 PMCID: PMC8587761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a dietary fiber that is beneficial to human health, and its content varies according to its different parts, type of cereal grain, and growing environment. In this study, the β-glucan of milled rice, rice husk, and rice bran fractions, as well as the amylose content of milled rice fraction, from 38 selected rice-paddy grains from six regions of Thailand were quantitatively determined. The milled rice of the Sakon Nakhon (SN) cultivar grown in the northeast contained the highest β-glucan content (0.88 ± 0.03%), followed by the milled rice of the Jow Khao Chiangmai (JKC) cultivar (0.71 ± 0.03%) and rice bran of the Sew Mae Jan (SMJ) cultivar (0.67 ± 0.03%) grown in the north. The results reveal that the rice cultivars from each region showing variation in the β-glucan level in each fraction, which is mainly found in milled rice and rice bran, are similar to those found in other cereal grains, although low amounts are found in the husk. The amylose and β-glucan contents in the milled rice fraction showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.805; p < 0.0001). This new information about the β-glucan content of Thai rice cultivars could be used for the development of cereal-based functional food.
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Mrázková M, Sumczynski D, Orsavová J. Non-Traditional Muesli Mixtures Supplemented by Edible Flowers: Analysis of Nutritional Composition, Phenolic acids, Flavonoids and Anthocyanins. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:371-376. [PMID: 34460039 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of using medicinal plants on nutrition composition and biologically active substances in cereal mixtures were investigated. In order to develop new type of non-traditional muesli mixtures supplemented with edible flowers, eight muesli mixtures were prepared applying the mixing ratio of 60‒70% of non-traditional flakes and 30‒40% of lyophilized fruits and edible flowers. This study examines nutritional composition, digestibility, fibres and phenolics of nutraceutical muesli mixtures using enzymatic-gravimetric and chromatographic methods. It shows that the mixture of kamut, einkorn, red and black quinoa or rice flakes together with hibiscus, mallow, rose, fruits has increased the fibre content (11.9‒21.2%) and in vitro digestibility (87.8‒93.8%). The greatest concentrations of individual phenolic contents were determined in free and soluble bound fractions of the mixtures. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (up to 116 mg/kg) and delphinidin-3-glucoside (up to 76.9 mg/kg) were established as major anthocyanins. Considering the individual phenolic fractions, sinapic and protocatechuic acids were the most abundant phenolic acids and quercetin and epigallocatechin represented the most frequent flavonoids. These results indicate that non-traditional muesli with edible flowers containing a high amount of nutrients and bioactive substances have the potential to enhance a nutritionally balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mrázková
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Orsavová
- Language Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Štefánikova, 5670, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
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Mencin M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Veberič R, Terpinc P. Development and Optimisation of Solid-Phase Extraction of Extractable and Bound Phenolic Acids in Spelt ( Triticum spelta L.) Seeds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071085. [PMID: 34356318 PMCID: PMC8301066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed and optimised for isolation and concentration of extractable and bound phenolic acids from germinated spelt seeds, for analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Samples initially underwent solvent extraction under different conditions to maximise the yield of phenolic antioxidants. Optimal extraction conditions for extractable phenolics were absolute methanol as solvent, sample-to-methanol ratio 1:9, and reconstitution in non-acidified water. The bound phenolics were extracted from sample pellets using hydrolysis with 2 M NaOH, acidification of the hydrolysate with formic acid, and simultaneous isolation and purification using Strata X polymeric RP tubes. Compared to liquid-liquid extraction, this direct SPE protocol has significant advantages in terms of higher extraction efficiencies of total and individual phenolics and their antioxidant activities. These data suggest that direct SPE represents a rapid and reliable method for quantitative analysis of both the extractable and the commonly overlooked bound phenolics in Triticum spelta seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjeta Mencin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.)
| | - Robert Veberič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.)
| | - Petra Terpinc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang Y, Zhu G, Li M, Singh R, Marques C, Min R, Kaushik BK, Zhang B, Jha R, Kumar S. Water Pollutants p-Cresol Detection Based on Au-ZnO Nanoparticles Modified Tapered Optical Fiber. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:377-384. [PMID: 34018936 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3082856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a localized plasmon-based sensor is developed for para-cresol (p-cresol) - a water pollutant detection. A nonadiabatic [Formula: see text] of tapered optical fiber (TOF) has been experimentally fabricated and computationally analyzed using beam propagation method. For optimization of sensor's performance, two probes are proposed, where probe 1 is immobilized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and probe 2 is immobilized with the AuNPs along with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The synthesized metal nanomaterials were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis spectrophotometer) and transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The nanomaterials coating on the surface of the sensing probe were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thereafter, to increase the specificity of the sensor, the probes are functionalized with tyrosinase enzyme. Different solutions of p-cresol in the concentration range of [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text] are prepared in an artificial urine solution for sensing purposes. Different analytes such as uric acid, β -cyclodextrin, L-alanine, and glycine are prepared for selectivity measurement. The linearity range, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LOD) of probe 1 are [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text], 7.2 nm/mM (accuracy 0.977), and [Formula: see text], respectively; and for probe 2 are [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text], 5.6 nm/mM (accuracy 0.981), and [Formula: see text], respectively. Thus, the overall performance of probe 2 is quite better due to the inclusion of ZnO-NPs that increase the biocompatibility of sensor probe. The proposed sensor structure has potential applications in the food industry and clinical medicine.
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Kasote D, Sreenivasulu N, Acuin C, Regina A. Enhancing health benefits of milled rice: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8099-8119. [PMID: 34036858 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milled rice is an essential part of the regular diet for approximately half of the world's population. Its remarkable commercial value and consumer acceptance are mostly due to its promising cooking qualities, appealing sensory properties, and longer shelf life. However, the significant loss of the nutrient-rich bran layer during milling makes it less nutritious than the whole grain. Thus, enhancing the nutritive value of milled rice is vital in improving the health and wellbeing of rice consumers, particularly for those residing in the low-economic zones where rice is the primary source of calories and nutrition. This article provides a critical review on multiple frontiers of recent interventions, such as (1) infusing the genetic diversity to enrich amylose and resistant starch to reduce glycaemic index, (2) enhancing the minerals and vitamins through complementary fortification and biofortification as short and long-term interventions, and (3) developing transgenic solutions to improve the nutrient levels of milled rice. Additionally, the review highlights the benefits of functional ingredients of milled rice to human health and the potential of enhancing them in rice to address the triple burden of malnutrition. The potential merit of milled rice concerning food safety is also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Cecilia Acuin
- Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ahmed Regina
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
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Nochit P, Sub-udom P, Teepoo S. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Based Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Device (ePAD) for the Determination of Catechol in Wastewater. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1872591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phatchada Nochit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Sub-udom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Haq SU, Kumari D, Dhingra P, Kothari SL, Kachhwaha S. Variant biochemical responses: intrinsic and adaptive system for ecologically different rice varieties. JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 24:279-292. [PMID: 33024519 PMCID: PMC7530552 DOI: 10.1007/s12892-020-00076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
India has a diverse range of agro-ecological conditions which support the cultivation of different rice varieties differing in the adaptation which is so important for sustainable development of rice crop. Specific ecotypes of rice adapted to diverse conditions have divergence in their morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular function, agronomy, and stress response. In the present study, 12 different rice varieties viz., PB-1, PB-1509, Pusa-RH-10, CSR-30, HKR-47, PR-126, Govind, Sharbati, ADT-37, ADT-39, ADT-45, White Ponni, were selected for the study of intrinsic biochemical behaviour and these varieties belong to different Agro-ecological zones and basmati or non-basmati rice varieties. Amongst intrinsic biochemicals activity, the differential response of radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activities, were observed in the selected rice varieties at 14 days old seedling stage, developed under controlled growth conditions. Comparatively, North India region rice varieties displayed an enhanced intrinsic biochemical response than south India region rice varieties. Similarly, basmati rice varieties showed increased biochemical response compared to non-basmati rice varieties. Thus, the differential biochemical responses (radical scavenging, SOD, CAT, and POX activities) observed creates a significant difference between rice varieties and provides valuable information about rice ecotype-biochemical interaction for sustainable adaptive value under different ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Ul Haq
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004 India
| | - Deepa Kumari
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004 India
| | - Prerna Dhingra
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004 India
| | - S. L. Kothari
- Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302006 India
| | - Sumita Kachhwaha
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004 India
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The Effect of Degree of Milling on the Nutraceutical Content in Ecofriendly and Conventional Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Foods 2020; 9:foods9091297. [PMID: 32942566 PMCID: PMC7555660 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the type of rice and degree of milling (DOM) on the nutraceutical content and antioxidant activity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The fatty acid (FA), vitamin E homolog, and phenolic contents in organic (OR), pesticide-free (PFR), and conventional rice (CR) decreased significantly with an increase in the DOM of rice grains, particularly for a DOM of 7 and 9 (p < 0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity also decreased with the DOM; particularly, this activity decreased significantly, by approximately 60%, in rice grains with a DOM between 7 and 11, as compared to that of brown rice (p < 0.05). α-Tocopherol (r = 0.854) and p-coumaric acid (r = 0.501) showed the strongest correlation with DPPH activity in each chemical group. Stepwise discriminant analysis enabled the correct original and cross-validated classification of 87.0% and 81.5% of rice types, respectively. Additionally, the original and cross-validated classification of rice DOM levels showed that, overall, 93.8% and 92.6% of rice samples were correctly classified. Our findings reveal variations in the nutraceutical levels and antioxidant activities in rice grains based on the rice type and DOM, which can help improve the nutritional evaluation of human-health-promoting rice grains.
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16
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Sangkaew O, Yompakdee C. Fermented Unpolished Black Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK, p38, and AKT Phosphorylation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1184-1194. [PMID: 32423183 PMCID: PMC9745659 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for antimelanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses antimelanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrarat Sangkaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chulee Yompakdee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +66-2-2185096 Fax: +66-2-2527576 E-mail:
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17
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Kongkachuichai R, Charoensiri R, Meekhruerod A, Kettawan A. Effect of processing conditions on bioactive compounds and glycemic index of the selected landrace rice variety in pre-diabetes. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ikram S, Zhang H, Ming H, Wang J. Recovery of major phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of highland barley brewer’s spent grains extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Haoyi Ming
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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19
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Arribas C, Pereira E, Barros L, Alves MJ, Calhelha RC, Guillamón E, Pedrosa MM, Ferreira IC. Healthy novel gluten-free formulations based on beans, carob fruit and rice: Extrusion effect on organic acids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds and bioactivity. Food Chem 2019; 292:304-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Carrera CA, Palma M, García-Barroso C. Fast Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Rice Grains by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Photodiode Array Detection: Method Development and Validation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3018-3027. [PMID: 30761903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are several phenolic compounds in rice grains providing benefits for human health. The concentration of phenolic compounds in rice is strongly affected by the polishing steps during rice production. A new sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy method with a photodiode array detection protocol has been developed and validated for the quantitation of phenolic compounds in rice grains. Several working variables and two different columns were evaluated. Finally, a less than 3 min analysis time was developed to achieve enough resolution for the simultaneous determination of the 20 most common phenolic compounds in rice. The analytical properties for the separation method produced an adequate sensitivity for all phenolic compounds in the regular range for phenolics in rice, 0.5-100 mg L-1 ( R2 > 0.997), with high precisions for both repeatability and intermediate precisions (coefficients of variation less than 0.4 and 2.5% for the retention time and area of the peaks, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Jalan Flora , Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - I E Saputro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO , University of Cádiz , Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - C A Carrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO , University of Cádiz , Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - M Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO , University of Cádiz , Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - C García-Barroso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO , University of Cádiz , Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
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21
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Carrera CA, Palma M. Optimisation of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the simultaneous determination of phenolics in rice grains. Food Chem 2019; 288:221-227. [PMID: 30902286 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined in rice grains by ultrasound assisted extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Primarily, an UAE method has been developed and validated for the extraction of phenolics from rice grains. For the optimization, a Box-Behnken Design based on six factors including extraction temperature (10-70 °C), solvent composition (0-50% methanol in water), cycle (0.2-0.7 s-1), ultrasound amplitude (30-70%), and solvent to sample ratio (2.5:1 to 5:1) was employed. Multi-response optimization (MRO) was performed to develop a simultaneous extraction method of 15 phenolics. The optimal UAE conditions were: extraction temperature 45 °C, time 25 min, cycle 0.4 s-1, ultrasound amplitude 47%, solvent composition 80% methanol in water at pH 4.25, and sample to solvent ratio 1:5. Linearity, LODs, LOQs, precision and recovery were determined. In addition, the method was successfully applied to analyse a number of rice samples with different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widiastuti Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Irfan E Saputro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ceferino A Carrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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22
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Formation of aqueous and alcoholic adducts of curcumin during its extraction. Food Chem 2019; 276:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Anand S, Deighton M, Livanos G, Morrison PD, Pang ECK, Mantri N. Antimicrobial Activity of Agastache Honey and Characterization of Its Bioactive Compounds in Comparison With Important Commercial Honeys. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30858831 PMCID: PMC6397887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new effective antimicrobial agents since acquired resistance of bacteria to currently available agents is increasing. The antimicrobial activity of Mono-floral Agastache honey produced from Australian grown Agastache rugosa was compared with the activity of commercially available honeys derived from Leptospermum species and with Jarrah honey for activity against clinical and non-clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Agastache honey was in the range of 6-25% (w/v) for all species examined. The MICs for Leptospermum honeys were generally similar to those of Agastache honey, but MICs were higher for Super manuka and Jarrah honeys and lower for Tea tree honey. Staphylococci were more susceptible to all honeys than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Pretreatment of honey with catalase increased the bacterial growth at MIC of Tea tree honey (35%), Super Manuka (15%), Jarrah honeys (12%), and Agastache honey (10%), indicating variable contributions of hydrogen peroxide to antimicrobial activity. Manuka and Jelly bush honeys retained their antimicrobial activity in the presence of catalase, indicating the presence of other antimicrobial compounds in the honey. An LC-MS/MS method was developed and used to identify possible antimicrobial phenolic compounds in Agastache honey and flowers, and five commercial honeys. The chemical markers characteristic of Agastache honey and honeys of Leptospermum origin were phenyllactic acid and methyl syringate. Overall, the bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in Agastache honey suggested a possible use for topical application and in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Anand
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Deighton
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George Livanos
- Kenkay Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., Smeaton Grange, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul D. Morrison
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin C. K. Pang
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Du H, Huo Y, Liu H, Kamal GM, Yang J, Zeng Y, Zhao S, Liu Y. Fast nutritional characterization of different pigmented rice grains using a combination of NMR and decision tree analysis. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1545800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiang Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, P.R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jiaren Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Siming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Youming Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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25
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Prabakaran M, Chung IM, Son NY, Chi HY, Kim SY, Yang YJ, Kwon C, An YJ, Ahmad A, Kim SH. Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds in Organic, Pesticide-Free, Conventional Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010067. [PMID: 30585211 PMCID: PMC6337394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains generous amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and dietary fibers, in addition to secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The phenolic compounds detected in rice (organic rice (OR), conventional rice (CR), and pesticide-free rice (PFR)), namely, protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, and caffeic acids, are notable free radical scavengers. The sum of these phenolic compounds was found to be higher in PFR, followed by CR and OR (p < 0.0001), when the rice types were classified based on the farming system employed. In addition, significant differences were observed in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels for the OR and CR groups compared with the PFR groups (p < 0.01). Furthermore, greater quantities of p-coumaric acid were found in CR-08 and OR-02, although these groups contained overall higher and lower sums of phenolic compounds, respectively. Moreover, significance was observed in the sum of the phenolic compounds, although only small quantities were found in polished rice. Further research is thus required to provide a clearer picture regarding the phenolic profiles of different rice brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayakrishnan Prabakaran
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Na-Young Son
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hee-Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Yang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chang Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yeon-Ju An
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary plant metabolites, many with health-promoting properties that are present in all parts of plants. They have an aromatic structure, including either one or more hydroxyl groups giving them the ability to stabilize free radicals and protect biological tissues against damage related to reactive oxygen species. Phenolic compounds are concentrated in the fruit of plants, and therefore, the fruit can be an important dietary source of these phytochemicals, which exist as monomers, or bound to one another. Polyphenolic compounds are classified into different subclasses based upon the number of phenol ring systems that they contain, saturation, and length of the carbon chain that bind the rings to one another. The phenolic acids present in fruit tissues protect the plant against disease, infections, UV radiation, and insect damage. For this reason, the beneficiary effects of phenolic compounds are continually being investigated for their health-promoting properties and for meeting increased consumer demand for healthy nutritious food. Due to the functional properties of polyphenolic compounds, there is increased interest on improving extraction, separation, and quantification techniques of these valuable bioactive compounds, so they can be used as value-added ingredients in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review provides information on the most advanced methods available for the analysis of phenolics in fruits.
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27
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Therapeutic potential of rice-derived polyphenols on obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using rice husk extracts prepared with acid–alkali pretreatment extraction process. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Non-waste technology through the enzymatic hydrolysis of agro-industrial by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Flax Shives and Their Effect on Human Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3526392. [PMID: 29292398 PMCID: PMC5674500 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3526392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the most effective technique for extraction of phenolics present in flax shives and to assess their effect on human fibroblasts. Flax shives are by-products of fibre separation, but they were found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds and thus might have application potential. It was found that the optimal procedure for extraction of phenolics was hydrolysis enhanced by the ultrasound with NaOH for 24 h at 65°C and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate. The influence of the flax shives extract on fibroblast growth and viability was assessed using the MTT and SRB tests. Moreover, the influence of flax shives extract on the extracellular matrix remodelling process was verified. The 20% increase of the viability was observed upon flax shives extract treatment and the decrease of mRNA collagen genes, an increase of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, and reduction in levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and suppressor of cytokinin signaling 1 mRNA were observed. Alterations in MCP-1 mRNA levels were dependent on flax shives extract concentration. Thus, we suggested the possible application of flax shives extract in the wound healing process.
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Ikram S, Huang L, Zhang H, Wang J, Yin M. Composition and Nutrient Value Proposition of Brewers Spent Grain. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2232-2242. [PMID: 28833108 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), a major brewing industry byproduct, is generated in large quantities annually. This review summarizes research into the composition and preservation of BSG, different extraction techniques for BSG proteins and phenolic acids, and the bioactivities of these phenolic components. Moreover, this article also highlights BSG integration into foodstuff for human consumption and animal feed supplements. BSG is considered a rich source of fiber, protein, and phenolic compounds. The phenolic acids present in BSG are hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids), which have many biofunctions, such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. Previously, attempts have been made to integrate BSG into human food, such as ready-to-eat snacks, cookies and bread, to increase fiber and protein contents. The addition of BSG to animal feed leads to increased milk yields, higher fat contents in milk, and is a good source of essential amino acids. Therefore, many studies have concluded that integrating the biofunctional compounds in BSG into human food and animal feed has various health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - LianYan Huang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
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32
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Liu YS, Chang YC, Chen HH. Silver nanoparticle biosynthesis by using phenolic acids in rice husk extract as reducing agents and dispersants. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:649-656. [PMID: 29567234 PMCID: PMC9322200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk extract, obtained using acid and alkali pretreatment extraction (AAPE), contains bioactive compounds and exhibits reducing abilities. Phenolic composition in rice husk extract was analyzed and the mechanism of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) biosynthesis by using AAPE rice husk extract was investigated in this study. Stable and spherically shaped AgNPs with a size of <15 nm were prepared under the following conditions: 0.001 M AgNO3, AAPE rice husk extract diluted 10 times, pH 10, and reacted at 25 °C for 60 min. Synergistic effects among phenolic acids contributed to the formation of AgNPs, with the acids acting as excellent reducing agents (owing to their abundant hydroxyl groups) and excellent dispersants (owing to their derived C=O groups), which enhanced the NPs’ stability. Caffeic acid (CA) was demonstrated to synthesize AgNPs independently and is suggested to be the most crucial compound for reducing Ag+ during the biosynthesis with rice husk extract. A possible mechanism and reaction process for the formation of AgNPs synthesized using CA in rice husk extracts is proposed.
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Chmiel T, Saputro IE, Kusznierewicz B, Bartoszek A. The impact of cooking method on the phenolic composition, total antioxidant activity and starch digestibility of rice (Oryza sativa
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Chmiel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - I. E. Saputro
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B. Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A. Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Yang Z, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Takamatsu S, Kitanaka S, Saito K. Metabolome Analysis of Oryza sativa (Rice) Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing Organ Specificity of Flavonoids with Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:952-6. [PMID: 27373652 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oryza sativa L. (rice) is an important staple crop across the world. In the previous study, we identified 36 specialized (secondary) metabolites including 28 flavonoids. In the present study, a metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted on the leaf, bran, and brown and polished rice grains to better understand the distribution of these metabolites. Principal component analysis using the metabolome data clearly characterized the accumulation patterns of the metabolites. Flavonoids, e.g., tricin, tricin 7-O-rutinoside, and tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, were mainly present in the leaf and bran but not in the polished grain. In addition, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of the metabolites were assayed in vitro. Tricin 4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl)ether and isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-feruloyl)-glucopyranoside showed the strongest activity for inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, respectively.
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36
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Lima IAD, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM. A stability-indicating HPLC-PDA method for the determination of ferulic acid in chitosan-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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37
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Profile of phenolic compounds in Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa) varieties throughout post-harvest practices. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Characterization of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiplatelet activity of unpolished and polished rice varieties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Ye L, Zhou S, Liu L, Liu L, Waters DLE, Zhong K, Zhou X, Ma X, Liu X. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Brown Rice in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2015-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of brown rice are well known but the extent to which phenolics and antioxidant activity varies within rice (Oryza sativa) is not known. This study evaluated the natural variation of phenolic compounds in brown rice of the major cultivars currently grown in China. Free phenolics were extracted with chilled methanol, while bound phenolics were released and extracted by alkaline hydrolysis. There were significant differences in phenolic and flavonoid content between these cultivars and significant differences in bound and total phenolics between japonica and indica samples. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the major phenolic acids and existed in both free and bound forms, with the bound form of ferulic acid being a dominant phenolic compound in brown rice. Phenolic compounds were the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity of brown rice and bound phenolics contributed more than free phenolics as estimated using ABTS+ radical scavenging method. This study provides additional information on brown rice from japonica and indica subspecies and may assist in retaining or increasing phenolics and antioxidant activity in rice.
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40
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Ryu D, Koh E. Influence of Cooking Methods on Free and Bound Phenolic Acids in Korean Black Rice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University; Nowon-gu Seoul 139-774 Korea
| | - Eunmi Koh
- Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University; Nowon-gu Seoul 139-774 Korea
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Xu F, Bao J, Kim TS, Park YJ. Genome-wide Association Mapping of Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Capacity in Whole-Grain Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4695-703. [PMID: 27163766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Whole grains contain various bioactive phytochemicals including phenolic acids, and consumption of whole grains may provide desirable health benefits and reduce the risks of chronic diseases due to their antioxidant activities. In this study, we qualified and quantified 9 bound phenolic compounds in 32 red and 88 white pericarp accessions of rice. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for free (FP) and bound (BP) phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacities with high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two colored grain panels and the whole panel. Rc was detected for all FP and antioxidant capacities in the whole panel. Three loci (chr.1:30970095, chr.6:24392269, and chr.9:6670223) for more than five phenolic-related traits, two loci (chr.4:34120529 and chr.11:28947480) for more than two FP-related traits, and one locus (chr.11:23220681) for ferulic acid detected in two panels were potentially new genes that are valuable for further gene cloning. Overall, this study increases our understanding on the genetics of phenolic acid biosynthesis in the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University , Yesan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University , Yesan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University , Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University , Yesan, Republic of Korea
- Legume Bio-Resource Center of Green Manure (LBRCGM), Kongju National University , Yesan, Republic of Korea
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42
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Large-Volume Sample Staking of Rice Polyphenols Prior to Their Determination by Non-aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Igoumenidis PE, Lekka EG, Karathanos VT. Fortification of white milled rice with phytochemicals during cooking in aqueous extract of Mentha spicata leaves. An adsorption study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Ngamdee P, Jiamyangyuen S, Parkin KL. Phase II enzyme induction and anti-inflammatory effects of crude extracts and secondary fractions obtained from bran from five black glutinous rice cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paradorn Ngamdee
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Agricultural Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; 99 Moo 9 Thapho Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Sudarat Jiamyangyuen
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Agricultural Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; 99 Moo 9 Thapho Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Kirk L. Parkin
- Department of Food Science; 1605 Linden Drive; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
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45
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Sun C, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhang H. Effect of Ethanol/Water Solvents on Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Beijing Propolis Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:595393. [PMID: 26351514 PMCID: PMC4553316 DOI: 10.1155/2015/595393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural substance known to be beneficial for human health and used as a folk medicine in many parts of the world. In this study, phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracted by different ethanol/water solvents were analyzed. Our results reveal that phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of propolis extracts were significantly dependent on the concentration of ethanol/water solvents. Totally, 29 phenolic compounds were identified: 12 phenolic acids, 13 flavonoids, and 4 phenolic acid esters. In particular, 75 wt.% ethanol/water solvent may be the best for the highest extraction yield and the strongest antioxidant properties. Caffeic acid, benzyl caffeate, phenethyl caffeate, 5-methoxy pinobanksin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, chrysin, and galangin were the characteristic compounds of Beijing propolis, and these compounds seem to verify that Beijing propolis may be poplar-type propolis. In addition, the presence of high level of pinobanksin-3-O-acetate in Chinese propolis may be a novel finding, representing one-third of all phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhengshuang Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- National Research Center of Bee Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
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46
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Pressurized liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa) grains. Food Chem 2015; 192:452-9. [PMID: 26304372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) process has been studied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from rice grains. A fractional factorial design (2(7-2)) with a centre point was used to optimize PLE parameters such as solvent composition (EtOAc in MeOH), extraction temperature, pressure, flushing, static extraction time, solvent-purge and sample weight. Extraction temperature, solvent and static extraction time were found to have a significant effect on the response value. The optimized method was validated for selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery and precision. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of a wide variety of rice grains. Seventeen phenolic compounds were detected in the sample and guaiacol, ellagic acid, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid were identified as the most abundant compounds. Nonetheless, different species of rice show very varied compound diversity and levels of compounds in their grain compositions.
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47
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Juraimi AS, Tayebi-Meigooni A. Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Techniques and Solvents for the Assay of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Hashemi Rice Bran. Molecules 2015; 20:10822-38. [PMID: 26111171 PMCID: PMC6272729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolite contents (total phenolic, flavonoid, tocopherol, and tocotrienol) and antioxidant activities of Hashemi rice bran extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted and traditional solvent (ethanol and 50:50 (v/v) ethanol-water) extraction techniques were compared. Phenolic and, flavonoid compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and method validation was performed. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the different extraction techniques upon comparison of phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. The extracts obtained using the ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) ultrasonic technique showed the highest amounts of total phenolics (288.40 mg/100 g dry material (DM)), total flavonoids (156.20 mg/100 g DM), and total tocotrienols (56.23 mg/100 g DM), and the highest antioxidant activity (84.21% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 65.27% β-carotene-linoleic bleaching and 82.20% nitric oxide scavenging activity). Secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities of the rice bran extracts varied depending of the extraction method used, and according to their effectiveness, these were organized in a decreasing order as follows: ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) ultrasonic, ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) maceration, ethanol ultrasonic and ethanol maceration methods. Ferulic, gallic and chlorogenic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in rice bran extracts. The phytochemical constituents of Hashemi rice bran and its antioxidant properties provides insights into its potential application to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Tayebi-Meigooni
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Nadal JM, Toledo MDG, Pupo YM, Padilha de Paula J, Farago PV, Zanin SMW. A Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method for Determination of Ferulic Acid into Microparticles: Development, Validation, Forced Degradation, and Encapsulation Efficiency. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:286812. [PMID: 26075139 PMCID: PMC4446543 DOI: 10.1155/2015/286812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method was validated for the determination of ferulic acid (FA) in polymeric microparticles. Chromatographic conditions consisted of a RP C18 column (250 mm × 4.60 mm, 5 μm, 110 Å) using a mixture of methanol and water pH 3.0 (48 : 52 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 320 nm. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, accuracy, precision, and robustness provided suitable results regarding all parameters investigated. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 10.0-70.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.999. Precision (intraday and interday) was demonstrated by a relative standard deviation lower than 2.0%. Accuracy was assessed by the recovery test of FA from polymeric microparticles (99.02% to 100.73%). Specificity showed no interference from the components of polymeric microparticles or from the degradation products derived from acidic, basic, and photolytic conditions. In conclusion, the method is suitable to be applied to assay FA as bulk drug and into polymeric microparticles and can be used for studying its stability and degradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mendes Nadal
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Mendes Pupo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Josiane Padilha de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Farago
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Warumby Zanin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Zaupa M, Calani L, Del Rio D, Brighenti F, Pellegrini N. Characterization of total antioxidant capacity and (poly)phenolic compounds of differently pigmented rice varieties and their changes during domestic cooking. Food Chem 2015; 187:338-47. [PMID: 25977035 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the pigmented rice varieties are becoming more popular due to their antioxidant properties and phenolic content. In this study, we characterized the antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the phenolic profile in white, red and black rice varieties, and evaluated the effect of two cooking methods (i.e. "risotto" and boiling) on these compounds. Before the cooking, all the varieties contained several phenolic acids, whereas anthocyanins and flavonols were peculiar of black rice and flavan-3-ols of red rice. Among the rice varieties, the black had the highest TAC value. The content of (poly)phenolic compounds and TAC decreased after cooking in all three varieties, but to a lesser extent after the risotto method. As a consequence, the risotto cooking, which allows a complete absorption of water, would be a good cooking method to retain (poly)phenolic compounds and TAC in pigmented and non-pigmented whole-meal rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zaupa
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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50
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Onion peel water extracts enhance immune status in forced swimming rat model. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:161-8. [PMID: 25628726 PMCID: PMC4306703 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion peel contains a high concentration of quercetin and other flavonoids. In this study, the potential immune-enhancing effects of an onion peel water extract (OPE) supplement were investigated by the rat forced swimming test. OPE was prepared using hot water. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a pellet diet for 1 week and were then randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC), forced swimming control (FSC), positive control (quercetin 20 mg/kg), and three groups administered 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg of OPE. Oral drug administration was conducted daily for 4 weeks. All rats, except those of NC group, were forced to swim in water and were considered exhausted when they failed to rise to the water surface to breathe within a 7-s period. Blood lymphocyte counts, immune organ weights, histopathological analysis, and serum interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-12 levels were determined. OPE-treated rats consumed more food and had an increased thymic cortex to medulla ratio than that observed in FSC group rats (P<0.05). The area of the white pulp in the spleens of OPE-treated group rats was increased compared with that in FSC group rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, blood lymphocyte numbers and IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 concentrations were significantly higher in OPE-fed groups than in FSC group (P<0.05). These results suggest that an OPE supplement can improve the immune status by increasing the number of immune-related cells and specific cytokine levels.
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