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Capparelli S, Pieracci Y, Sagona S, Flamini G, Coppola F, Sanmartin C, Taglieri I, Venturi F, Felicioli A, Pistelli L. The volatile and sensory profiles of Tuscan bee pollens stored at different temperatures. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39225382 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2389312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The healthy properties of bee pollen mainly depend on the botanical, geographical origin and storage conditions. This study aimed to characterise the composition of volatile compounds and describe the sensory profile of Tuscan bee pollens collected in two different areas in the same period and stored for six months under different conditions. The headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) analyses of volatile compounds showed that non-terpene derivatives represented the predominant chemical class in all examined samples, among which aldehydes were the main compounds. Apocaroteonids and oxygenated monoterpenes were also present in lower percentages, with strong separation of the chemical profiles between room temperature samples and those of other storage conditions. The sensory profile was analysed by panel test, the bee pollen produced in the suburban area seemed to show less attractiveness, taste and olfactory. Both samples stored at room temperature showed the worst sensory profile, compared to the other storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Sagona
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Agro-Environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Agro-Environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Agro-Environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Kostić AŽ, Dramićanin AM, Milinčić DD, Pešić MB. Exploring the Botanical Origins of Bee-Collected Pollen: A Comprehensive Historical and Contemporary Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400194. [PMID: 38717321 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bee-collected pollen is one of the most important bee products. In order to predict its chemical composition and nutritional value botanical origin of pollen plays a crucial role. This review intended to collect all available data published about botanical origin of pollen collected all around the world. Due to enourmous amount of data and variables nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA), by applying Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA), was conducted in order to try to determine any specifity and/or differences among samples. Also, importance of some plant families/genera/species for bees was monitored. Based on CATPCA results families can serve in order to distinct samples from North/South America. Also, some samples from Europe (Turkey and Serbia) were characterized with presence of some specific families. Genera were excellent tool to distinguish samples from different parts of Brazil as well as Australia, Asia and Africa. Due to high and specific biodiversity pollen samples obtained from Sonoran desert (USA) completely were separated during analysis. This review presents the first attempt to summarize and classify a large number of data about botanical sources of bee-collected pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M Dramićanin
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Anjum SI, Ullah A, Gohar F, Raza G, Khan MI, Hameed M, Ali A, Chen CC, Tlak Gajger I. Bee pollen as a food and feed supplement and a therapeutic remedy: recent trends in nanotechnology. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1371672. [PMID: 38899322 PMCID: PMC11186459 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1371672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollen grains are the male reproductive part of the flowering plants. It is collected by forager honey bees and mixed with their salivary secretions, enzymes, and nectar, which form fermented pollen or "bee bread" which is stored in cells of wax honeycombs. Bee pollen (BP) is a valuable apitherapeutic product and is considered a nutritional healthy food appreciated by natural medicine from ancient times. Recently, BP has been considered a beneficial food supplement and a value-added product that contains approximately 250 different bioactive components. It contains numerous beneficial elements such as Mg, Ca, Mn, K, and phenolic compounds. BP possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, immunostimulant, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective properties. It is used for different purposes for the welfare of mankind. Additionally, there is a growing interest in honey bee products harvesting and utilizing for many purposes as a natural remedy and nutritive function. In this review, the impacts of BP on different organisms in different ways by highlighting its apitherapeutic efficacy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Gohar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Khan
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Hameed
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Çobanoğlu DN. Assessing monofloral bee pollens from Türkiye: Palynological verification, phenolic profile, and antioxidant activity. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1711-1726. [PMID: 38235995 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Honey bee pollen (HBP) is a hive product produced by worker bees from floral pollen grains agglutination. It is characterized by its excellent nutritional and bioactive composition, making it a superior source of human nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the monofloral bee pollen samples, including Cistus, Crataegus monogyna, Cyanus, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Papaver somniferum, Quercus, Salix, Sinapis, and Silybum from Türkiye according to palynological analysis, antioxidant activity, phenolic profiles, and color. The phenolic profiles were detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Bee pollens were categorized into monofloral, bifloral, and multifloral, underscoring the significance of confirming the botanical source of them depending on palynological analyses. Total phenolic content (TPC) of bee pollens ranged from 4.5 to 14.4 mg gallic acid/g HBP. The samples exhibited antioxidant activity for 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS •+ ) ranging from 94.9 to 233.5 µmol trolox/g HBP, whereas lower values were seen for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) ranging from 25.86 to 70.81 µmol trolox/g HBP. A yellowish-red tint color was also displayed for whole samples, whereas only E. angustifolia bee pollen indicated a darker color (L* = 31.6). Among the phenolic compounds, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, rutin, and genistein were the most abundant, and their profiles varied across the samples. It was also observed that TPC, antioxidant activities, and polyphenol composition were higher in samples containing pollen grains of P. somniferum, Quercus, Plantago, and E. angustifolia species. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increasing number of new findings on honey bee pollen is crucial to food science and technology. In this sense, this study offers a robust method for verifying the authenticity and quality of 11 monofloral bee pollens, which is crucial for the food industry. It also identifies potential sources of high-quality pollen, benefiting producers, and consumers seeking superior bee pollen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Nur Çobanoğlu
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingol University, Bingol, Türkiye
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5
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Wang Y, Ma L, Xu B. Bee wisdom: exploring bee control strategies for food microflora by comparing the physicochemical characteristics and microbial composition of beebread. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0181823. [PMID: 37800944 PMCID: PMC10871783 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01818-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bees are a valuable model for investigating the relationship between environmental factors, gut microbiota, and organismal health. Beebread, produced from collected pollen, is a natural food source and a primary reservoir of gut microorganisms. Although pollen typically has diverse bacterial species, beebread has low species richness and bacterial abundance. Consequently, considerable attention has been paid to the adaptive strategies employed by honey bees to cope with the microorganisms within their food environment during co-evolution with plants. This study identified the distribution patterns of beebread's physicochemical characteristics, showing how bees use fermentation to enrich specific microbes. These findings help understand the relationship between environmental and food-associated microbes and bee intestinal microbiota. They also bridge gaps in the literature and provide a valuable reference for studying the complex interplay between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lanting Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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6
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Sonmez E, Kekecoglu M, Sahin H, Bozdeveci A, Karaoglu SA. Comparing the biological properties and chemical profiling of chestnut bee pollen and bee bread collected from Anatolia. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2307-2317. [PMID: 37171533 PMCID: PMC10484894 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee bread (BB) and bee pollen (BP) are accepted as functional food and considered in medical properties due to its important bioactive components. These bee products show different biological properties, but researches on these aspects have not been clear yet. In present study, Anatolian BB and BP extracts were analyzed for the first time for their pollen type, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Samples were analyzed for their antimicrobial efficacy by the agar well diffusion and MIC methods. HPLC analysis was used to identify the compounds in the BB and BP samples. Antioxidant activity was measured by the FRAP and DPPH methods. As a result of microscopy for pollen identification, Fagaceae family was dominant. Phenolic compound analysis showed that the amounts of p-coumaric acid and rutin were found to be the highest in BB and BP, respectively. Stronger antioxidant activity was obtained from BP. MIC values of BB were range from 250 to 12.5 μg/mL. The most susceptible bacterium was Mycobacterium smegmatis. The extract of BP was effective on all gram-negative bacteria with doses range from 250 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL. The lowest MIC value was detected with the concentration of 12.5 μg/mL against M. smegmatis. Anatolian BB and BP could be considered as a functional foods due to antioxidant activity and may be beneficial in the management and treatment of pathogenic bacteria because of high antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Sonmez
- Beekeeping Research Development and Application Centre, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Beekeeping Research Development and Application Centre, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Sahin
- Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, 28600, EspiyeGiresun, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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7
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Anjos O, Seixas N, Antunes CAL, Campos MG, Paula V, Estevinho LM. Quality of bee pollen submitted to drying, pasteurization, and high-pressure processing - A comparative approach. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112964. [PMID: 37316052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bee Pollen is a valuable and useful natural food product that can be used for different purposes, among which medical ones. This matrix is deemed a superfood because of its chemical composition, which is rich in nutrients and possesses significant bioactivities, including antioxidant and microbiological properties. Nevertheless, the storage conditions and processing methods must be optimized to maintain their properties and maximise their application. This work investigates the best bee pollen conservation process and its impact on individual constituents. Monofloral bee pollen was analysed for 30 and 60 days after three different storage processes (drying, pasteurization, and high-pressure pasteurization). The results showed a decrease mainly in fatty acid and amino acid content for the dried samples. The best results were obtained with high-pressure pasteurization, maintaining the proteins, amino acids and lipids characteristics of pollen and the lowest microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofélia Anjos
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco (IPCB), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; Centro de estudos florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Abjuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Biotecnologia e Plantas da Beira Interior (CBP-BI) Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
| | - Natália Seixas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carlos A L Antunes
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco (IPCB), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Campos
- Observatory of Drug-herb interactions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sci. Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CQC-Centre of Chemistry - Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sci. and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Paula
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Plantas da Beira Interior (CBP-BI) Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Letícia M Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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8
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Bee Pollen as Functional Food: Insights into Its Composition and Therapeutic Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030557. [PMID: 36978805 PMCID: PMC10045447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen is a hive product made up of flower pollen grains, nectar, and bee salivary secretions that beekeepers can collect without damaging the hive. Bee pollen, also called bee-collected pollen, contains a wide range of nutritious elements, including proteins, carbs, lipids, and dietary fibers, as well as bioactive micronutrients including vitamins, minerals, phenolic, and volatile compounds. Because of this composition of high quality, this product has been gaining prominence as a functional food, and studies have been conducted to show and establish its therapeutic potential for medical and food applications. In this context, this work aimed to provide a meticulous summary of the most relevant data about bee pollen, its composition—especially the phenolic compounds—and its biological and/or therapeutic properties as well as the involved molecular pathways.
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9
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KHAN UM, AADIL RM, SHABBIR MA, SHAHID M, DECKER EA. Interpreting the production, characterization and antioxidant potential of plant proteases. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.84922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Melo BKCD, Silva JAD, Gomes RDDS, Custódio PP, Lira GAD, Ramalho AMZ, Gonçalves MC, Fonseca SBD, Rangel AHDN, Bezerra MDF. Physicochemical composition and functional properties of bee pollen produced in different locations. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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11
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Characterization of carotenoid profile and α-tocopherol content in Andean bee pollen influenced by harvest time and particle size. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Bi YX, Zielinska S, Ni JB, Li XX, Xue XF, Tian WL, Peng WJ, Fang XM. Effects of hot-air drying temperature on drying characteristics and color deterioration of rape bee pollen. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100464. [PMID: 36217315 PMCID: PMC9547186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Bridi R, Echeverría J, Larena A, Nuñez Pizarro P, Atala E, De Camargo AC, Oh WY, Shahidi F, Garcia O, Ah-Hen KS, Montenegro G. Honeybee Pollen From Southern Chile: Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, Bioaccessibility, and Inhibition of DNA Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:775219. [PMID: 35321331 PMCID: PMC8937017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.775219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee pollen (HBP) chemical composition is highly variable conforming to the floral and geographical origin of the pollen grains. The beneficial effects and functional properties of the HBP are well-known and have been mainly attributed to their high content of antioxidant polyphenols. In this work, twelve HBPs samples from the Southern region of Chile (X Región de Los Lagos) were characterized for the first time according to their botanical origin, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion assay was done to simulate the human upper digestive tract. Selected honeybee pollen extracts (HBPEs) were assessed as bioaccessible fractions during an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Contents of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and recovery index of quercetin, myricetin, and cinnamic acid were monitored in different steps of gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, the protective effect of in vitro digested HBP towards DNA damage induced by peroxyl radicals was evaluated. The introduced species Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae), Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (Fabaceae), and Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae) predominated in all the HBPs analyzed, while the native species Buddleja globosa Hope (Scrophulariaceae), Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (Myrtaceae), Embothrium coccineum J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Proteaceae) and Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. (Cunoniaceae) appeared less frequently. The content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in HBPEs achieved full bioaccessibility at the end of the intestinal digestion step. However, results obtained by a state-of-the-art technique (i.e. HPLC-DAD) demonstrated relatively low values of bioaccessible quercetin and cinnamic acid after the digestion process. In contrast, myricetin showed a high bioaccessibility in the intestinal digestion steps. The protective effect of in vitro digested HBP towards DNA damage induced by peroxyl radicals showed promising results (up to 91.2% protection). In conclusion, HBPs from the X Region de Los Lagos are rich sources of phenolic antioxidants that protect DNA from strand breakage. Therefore, the potential of HBPEs in preventing gastric and/or intestinal cancer should be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bridi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Raquel Bridi, ; Javier Echeverría,
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Raquel Bridi, ; Javier Echeverría,
| | - Arturo Larena
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Nuñez Pizarro
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Agricultura, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elias Atala
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa De Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Won Young Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Olga Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kong S. Ah-Hen
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gloria Montenegro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Prđun S, Svečnjak L, Valentić M, Marijanović Z, Jerković I. Characterization of Bee Pollen: Physico-Chemical Properties, Headspace Composition and FTIR Spectral Profiles. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092103. [PMID: 34574213 PMCID: PMC8472029 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical characterization of bee pollen is of great importance for its quality estimation. Multifloral and unifloral bee pollen samples collected from continental, mountain and Adriatic regions of Croatia were analyzed by means of physico-chemical, chromatographic (GC-MS), and spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR) analytical tools, aiming to conduct a comprehensive characterization of bee pollen. The most distinctive unifloral bee pollen with regard to nutritional value was Aesculus hippocastanum (27.26% of proteins), Quercus spp. (52.58% of total sugars), Taraxacumofficinale (19.04% of total lipids), and Prunusavium (3.81% of ash). No statistically significant differences between multifloral and unifloral bee pollen from different regions were found for most of the physico-chemical measurement data, with an exception of melezitose (p = 0.04). Remarkable differences were found among the bee pollen HS VOCs. The major ones were lower aliphatic compounds, monoterpenes (mainly linalool derivatives, especially in Prunusmahaleb and P.avium bee pollen), and benzene derivatives (mainly benzaldehyde in T.officinale and Salix spp.). Aldehydes C9 to C17 were present in almost all samples. FTIR-ATR analysis revealed unique spectral profiles of analyzed bee pollen exhibiting its overall chemical composition arising from molecular vibrations related to major macromolecules-proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Prđun
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(0)1-239-3995
| | - Mato Valentić
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Friedle C, D'Alvise P, Schweikert K, Wallner K, Hasselmann M. Changes of microorganism composition in fresh and stored bee pollen from Southern Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47251-47261. [PMID: 33893577 PMCID: PMC8692275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of plant pollen can provide valuable insights into the existing spectrum of microorganisms in the environment. When harvesting bee-collected pollen as a dietary supplement for human consumption, timely preservation of the freshly collected pollen is fundamental for product quality. Environmental microorganisms contained in freshly collected pollen can lead to spoilage by degradation of pollen components. In this study, freshly collected bee pollen was sampled at different locations and stored under various storage conditions to examine the hypothesis that storage conditions may have an effect on the composition of microorganisms in pollen samples. The samples were analyzed using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing and characterized by palynological analysis. Interestingly, the bacterial communities between pollen samples from different locations varied only slightly, whereas for fungal community compositions, this effect was substantially increased. Further, we noticed that fungal communities in pollen are particularly sensitive to storage conditions. The fungal genera proportion Cladosporium and Mycosphaerella decreased, while Zygosaccharomyces and Aspergillus increased during storage. Aspergillus and Zygosaccharomyces fractions increased during storage at 30 °C, which could negatively impact the pollen quality if it is used as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Friedle
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Paul D'Alvise
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karsten Schweikert
- Core Facility Hohenheim and Institute of Economics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Wallner
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Lawag IL, Yoo O, Lim LY, Hammer K, Locher C. Optimisation of Bee Pollen Extraction to Maximise Extractable Antioxidant Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1113. [PMID: 34356345 PMCID: PMC8301099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive review on common bee pollen processing methods which can impact extraction efficiency and lead to differences in measured total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) data. This hampers the comparative analysis of bee pollen from different floral sources and geographical locations. Based on the review, an in-depth investigation was carried out to identify the most efficient process to maximise the extraction of components for measurement of TPC, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activity for two bee pollen samples from western Australia (Jarrah and Marri pollen). Optimisation by Design of Experiment with Multilevel Factorial Analysis (Categorical) modelling was performed. The independent variables included pollen pulverisation, the extraction solvent (70% aqueous ethanol, ethanol, methanol and water) and the extraction process (agitation, maceration, reflux and sonication). The data demonstrate that non-pulverised bee pollen extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol using the agitation extraction method constitute the optimal conditions to maximise the extraction of phenolics and antioxidant principles in these bee pollen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lozada Lawag
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (I.L.L.); (K.H.)
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (O.Y.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Okhee Yoo
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (O.Y.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (O.Y.); (L.Y.L.)
| | - Katherine Hammer
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (I.L.L.); (K.H.)
- M Block QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Monash Ave, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cornelia Locher
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (I.L.L.); (K.H.)
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (O.Y.); (L.Y.L.)
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Bee-pollen retailed in Tuscany (Italy): Labelling, palynological, microbiological, and mycotoxicological profile. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Investigation of microwave drying on quality attributes, sensory properties and surface structure of bee pollen grains by scanning electron microscopy. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martinello M, Mutinelli F. Antioxidant Activity in Bee Products: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010071. [PMID: 33430511 PMCID: PMC7827872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been used since ancient times both for their nutritional value and for a broad spectrum of therapeutic purposes. They are deemed to be a potential source of natural antioxidants that can counteract the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases. In view of the growing interest in using bioactive substances from natural sources to promote health and reduce the risk of developing certain illnesses, this review aims to update the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant capacity of bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, beeswax, royal jelly and bee venom, and on the analytical methods used. The complex, variable composition of these products and the multitude of analytical methods used to study their antioxidant activities are responsible for the wide range of results reported by a plethora of available studies. This suggests the need to establish standardized methods to more efficiently evaluate the intrinsic antioxidant characteristics of these products and make the data obtained more comparable.
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Castagna A, Benelli G, Conte G, Sgherri C, Signorini F, Nicolella C, Ranieri A, Canale A. Drying Techniques and Storage: Do They Affect the Nutritional Value of Bee-Collected Pollen? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214925. [PMID: 33114449 PMCID: PMC7663774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different drying processes (freeze-drying (FD), microwave-assisted drying (MWD) and classic hot air drying (HAD)) on the polyphenols, flavonoids, and amino acids content was investigated on bee-collected chestnut, willow and ivy pollen for human consumption. Furthermore, the pollen chemical properties were monitored after three and six months of storage, and then analyzed using a multivariate approach. Chestnut pollen was the richest source of polyphenols, flavonoids, and rutin, while ivy pollen contained the highest amount of total and free amino acids, and total and free proline. Drying and storage affected pollen chemical composition with species-dependent effects. MWD allowed the best retention of flavonoids in chestnut pollen for up to six months of storage. All drying techniques led to a depletion of flavonoids in willow pollen; however, MWD ensured the highest flavonoids content after six months. FD and MWD did not lead to flavonoids depletion in ivy pollen during storage. Additionally, storage did not affect the rutin content, which was highest in FD willow samples after six months. Notably, both FD and MWD techniques are efficient in preserving amino acids-related quality of bee pollen up to six months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0502216141
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sgherri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Signorini
- Consorzio Polo Tecnologico Magona, via Magona snc, Cecina, 57023 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Cristiano Nicolella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (G.C.); (C.S.); (A.R.); (A.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Kilic A. Low temperature and high velocity assisted fluidized bed drying characteristics of bee pollen as bioactive food. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Kilic
- Faculty of Tourism, Department of GastronomyUniversity of Recep Tayyip Erdogan Rize Turkey
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22
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23
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De Jesus Inacio L, Merlanti R, Lucatello L, Bisutti V, Contiero B, Serva L, Segato S, Capolongo F. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in bee pollen identified by LC-MS/MS analysis and colour parameters using multivariate class modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03593. [PMID: 32258459 PMCID: PMC7118412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) can be present in bee pollen depending on the plants visited by bees. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to monitor 17 PAs/PANOs in 44 bee pollens. The CIE-L∗a∗b∗ colour coordinates with the specular component either included or excluded were recorded in pellets and ground aliquots. Lightness (L∗) and yellowness (b∗) of ground bee pollen were significantly correlated to PAs/PANOs content. The L∗ and b∗ cut-offs sorted by a receiver operating characteristic analysis to predict PAs/PANOs presence showed a significant increase in the relative risk to detect amounts higher than 84 μg kg-1. Two supervised canonical discriminant analyses confirmed that pollen without PAs could be distinguished from those containing PAs/PANOs. The data suggest that instrumental colour coupled with supervised models could be used as a screening test for PAs/PANOs in bee pollen, before the confirmatory LC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Jesus Inacio
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Roberta Merlanti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Lorena Lucatello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Vittoria Bisutti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Serva
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Francesca Capolongo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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The Application of Pollen as a Functional Food and Feed Ingredient-The Present and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010084. [PMID: 31948037 PMCID: PMC7023195 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen is recognized as an excellent dietary supplement for human nutrition, which is why it can be found in different forms on the market (granules, capsules, tablets, pellets, and powders). But, the digestibility of pollen’s nutrients is strongly affected by the presence of a pollen shell, which can decrease the bioavailability of nutrients by 50% and more. Since consumers have become more aware of the benefits of a healthy diet and the necessity to improve pollen digestibility, different pollen-based functional food products have been developed and extensive studies were done to estimate the beneficial effects of pollen-based feed on animal growth, health, and rigor mortise stage. Considering the positive effects of pollen nutrients and phytometabolites on human and animal health, the aim of this paper was to give an overview of recent achievements in the application of pollen in the formulation of functional food and animal diets. Special attention was paid to the effects of pollen’s addition on the nutritional, functional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of the new formulated food products. Anti-nutritional properties of pollen were also discussed. This review points out the benefits of pollen addition to food and feed and the possible directions in the further development of functional food and feed for the wellbeing of everyone.
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25
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HMF formation, diastase activity and proline content changes in bee pollen dried by different drying methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Bridi R, Atala E, Pizarro PN, Montenegro G. Honeybee Pollen Load: Phenolic Composition and Antimicrobial Activity and Antioxidant Capacity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:559-565. [PMID: 30839214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Honeybee pollen loads result from the agglutination of pollen grains and salivary secretions of bees. The potential use of honeybee pollen as a food supplement greatly depends on its chemical composition, which varies depending on the botanical and geographical origin of the pollen grains. This study aimed to characterize the botanical origin, chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of honeybee pollen from the V Region of Chile. The introduced species Brassica rapa and Eschscholzia californica predominated in the bee pollen analyzed. The honeybee pollen extracts showed antioxidant and antibacterial properties, specifically against the pathogenic microorganism Streptococcus pyogenes. Quercetin and myricetin were found in all samples in large concentrations. The separation of pollen loads from a multifloral sample demonstrated that E. californica pollen loads are responsible for antibacterial activity. This sample also showed a high concentration of quercetin (304.8 mg/100 g of bee pollen). Based on the present results, honeybee pollen from the V Region of Chile has been found to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, it is proposed to use quercetin as a quality indicator for honeybee pollen from this region of Chile. These results should help establish better quality control criteria for Chilean honeybee pollen and its potential use as a functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bridi
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 , Macul, Santiago 7810000 , Chile
| | - Elias Atala
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 , Macul, Santiago 7810000 , Chile
| | - Paula Núñez Pizarro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 , Macul, Santiago 7810000 , Chile
| | - Gloria Montenegro
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 , Santiago 7810000 , Chile
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ISIK A, OZDEMIR M, DOYMAZ I. Effect of hot air drying on quality characteristics and physicochemical properties of bee pollen. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Kostić AŽ, Milinčić DD, Petrović TS, Krnjaja VS, Stanojević SP, Barać MB, Tešić ŽL, Pešić MB. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Pollen: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E64. [PMID: 30678361 PMCID: PMC6409990 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and aw values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja S Petrović
- Preservation and Fermentation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna S Krnjaja
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sladjana P Stanojević
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miroljub B Barać
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Živoslav Lj Tešić
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
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29
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De-Melo AAM, Estevinho LM, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C, Freitas ADSD, Barth OM, Almeida-Muradian LBD. A multivariate approach based on physicochemical parameters and biological potential for the botanical and geographical discrimination of Brazilian bee pollen. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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De-Melo AAM, Estevinho LM, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C, Freitas ADSD, Barth OM, Almeida-Muradian LBD. Phenolic profile by HPLC-MS, biological potential, and nutritional value of a promising food: Monofloral bee pollen. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia M. Estevinho
- Agricultural College of Bragança; Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia E; Bragança 5301-855 Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology; University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar; Braga 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Manuela M. Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Superior Institute of Engineering; Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Porto 4200-072 Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Superior Institute of Engineering; Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Porto 4200-072 Portugal
| | | | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Laboratory of Palynology, Department of Geology; Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro 21949-900 Brazil
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro 21040-360 Brazil
| | - Ligia Bicudo de Almeida-Muradian
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition; Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo; São Paulo 05580-000 Brazil
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31
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Sagona S, Bozzicolonna R, Nuvoloni R, Cilia G, Torracca B, Felicioli A. Water activity of fresh bee pollen and mixtures of bee pollen-honey of different botanical origin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhao L, Qi S, Liang X, Shan J, Cao W, Wu L, Xue X. Determination and distribution of biogenic amines in bee pollen. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Analytical Science Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry Northwest University 229 North TaiBai Road Xi'an 710069 China
- Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xinwen Liang
- Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Jihao Shan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Analytical Science Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry Northwest University 229 North TaiBai Road Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100093 China
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Extraction and determination of bioactive compounds from bee pollen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:110-124. [PMID: 28851545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times bee pollen has been considered a good source of bioactive substances and energy. Taking into account the current demand for healthy and natural foods, it is not surprising that bee pollen has been attracting commercial interest in recent years, making it one of the most widely consumed food supplements. It has been extensively reported that bee pollen contains several health-promoting compounds, such as proteins, amino acids, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins or minerals. Thus, this study aims to give an overview of the extraction and determination techniques of several of the above-mentioned compounds which have been published in the last few years (2011-2017). The design of the study is in accordance with the different families of bioactive compounds, and the extraction procedures together with the analytical techniques employed and their determination are discussed. A list of some of the most relevant applications is provided for each category, including a brief summary of the experimental conditions. The references included will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of and insight into the analysis of bioactive compounds from bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ares
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, E. 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valverde
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, E. 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José L Bernal
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, E. 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María J Nozal
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, E. 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Bernal
- I.U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Valladolid, E. 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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