1
|
Yoon JH, Oh MS, Lee SY. Effectiveness of organic acids for inactivating pathogenic bacteria inoculated in laboratory media and foods: an updated minireview. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2715-2728. [PMID: 39184989 PMCID: PMC11339227 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food processing industries commonly employ organic acids (OAAs) to determine bacterial contamination in acidified and fermented foods. OAAs are believed to possess potent antimicrobial properties by permeating cell membranes, altering proton and anion concentrations in the cytoplasm due to their lipophilic undissociated forms. The bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects of OAAs are influenced by various factors including microbial physiology, environmental pH, and acid dissociation ratios. Despite their utility, the precise mechanisms underlying OAA-mediated inhibition of pathogenic bacteria remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to compile a selected area of researches that focus on the current propensity of different OAAs for inactivating food-borne pathogens, and then to present a theoretical insight on the use of OAAs to prevent and control pathogenic bacteria present in acidic/acidified foods and their mode of mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, 235 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-Do 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Dearo, Anseong Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Dearo, Anseong Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Ma S, Zhou N, Yang X, Xing J, Hong J. Using ultrasonic washing combined with UV-LEDs as a novel chemical-free method to disinfect fresh ready-to-eat produce. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 107:106926. [PMID: 38823083 PMCID: PMC11176818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of ready-to-eat fresh produce raises the issue of food-borne pathogen infections; thus, disinfecting ready-to-eat produce for commercial use, such as in homes and restaurants, is important to ensure food safety. Chemical sanitizers are typically used for disinfection. Ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a novel non-thermal disinfection technology that consumes less energy and generates less heat than traditional UV lamps, making them more appealing to consumers. In this study, we combined ultrasonic (US) washing method with UV-LEDs (US-UV-LEDs) to develop a technique for disinfecting fresh produce without using chemical sanitizers and compared its efficacy with three common household sanitizers ("84" (sodium hypochlorite) disinfectant, kettle descaler (citric acid), and vinegar (acetic acid)). In addition, we investigated the efficacy of this method in controlling pathogen numbers in the water used to wash (washing water) the produce to prevent cross-contamination between water and produce. Cherry tomatoes and lettuce were selected as produce models and Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used as the bacterial models. The results showed that US-UV-LEDs reduced the numbers of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 on produce by 2.1-2.2 log CFU/g, consistent with the results achieved by the three household sanitizers; however, kettle descaler and vinegar had a limited effect (2.6-3.5 log CFU/mL) on residual pathogens in the washing water. Furthermore, we created washing water with low (754 mg/L) and high (1425 mg/L) chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and determined the disinfection efficacy of "84" disinfectant and US-UV-LEDs. The results showed that US-UV-LEDs reduced the number of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 by 2.0-2.1 and 1.8-2.1 log CFU/g under low and high COD levels, respectively, which was similar a result to that of "84" disinfectant. However, the residual pathogen numbers in the washing water were reduced to 1.4-1.9 log CFU/mL after treatment with US-UV-LED under high COD, whereas the pathogens were undetected in the washing water disinfected with "84" disinfectant. These results suggest that US-UV-LEDs have better application potential than acidic household sanitizers, but chlorine sanitizer remains the most effective disinfecting method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Sen Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jingyang Hong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moreira J, McCarter K, Benitez JA, Fontenot K, King JM, Adhikari A. Effect of Type of Mulch on Microbial Food Safety Risk on Cucumbers Irrigated with Contaminated Water. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100164. [PMID: 37739314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Mulches are used to block light and retain soil moisture which may affect the survival of bacterial pathogens on soil. This study examined the effectiveness of different types of mulches to minimize microbial risk from contaminated water used for irrigation of cucumbers. A production bed of 120 ft2 with 18 beds (30 ft long) covered with five different types of mulch (paper, paper with fertilizer incorporated (PF), maize-based mulch, biodegradable plastic covering, and conventional plastic) including three beds with no cover was planted with Dasher 2 Variety cucumber. Soil samples from each bed were collected for the first five weeks to examine natural E. coli and coliforms. Well water contaminated with or without nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of E. coli (8 Log CFU/mL) was used for drip irrigation for 7 days before harvesting. Prior to irrigation with contaminated water, naturally present E. coli and coliform in the soil samples with or without mulch were in the range of 3.45-3.78 Log CFU/g and 4.18-5.31 Log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli levels on cucumbers harvested from mulched beds and irrigated with contaminated irrigation water had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of E. coli as compared with samples from similar beds irrigated with noncontaminated water. However, Cucumber, harvested within each irrigation water quality were not significantly different regardless of the type of mulch with E. coli levels from 1.72 to 3.30 Log CFU/cm2 (contaminated water) and 0.28-1.86 Log CFU/cm2 (noncontaminated water). A significant die-off of inoculated E. coli was observed on cucumber within 3 days (>1.17 Log CFU/cm2) and >1.38 Log CFU/cm2 after 4 days. Beds with maize mulch were effective on minimizing E. coli contamination on cucumber from contaminated irrigation water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moreira
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin McCarter
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Julysa Abril Benitez
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kathryn Fontenot
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Joan M King
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreira J, Mera E, Singh Chhetri V, King JM, Gentimis T, Adhikari A. Effect of storage temperature and produce type on the survival or growth of Listeria monocytogenes on peeled rinds and fresh-cut produce. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151819. [PMID: 37396364 PMCID: PMC10313384 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole and fresh-cut produce are minimally processed and susceptible to microbial contamination. This study evaluated the survival or growth of L. monocytogenes on peeled rinds, and fresh-cut produce at different storage temperatures. Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, including cantaloupe, watermelon, pear, papaya, pineapple, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, bell pepper, and kale (25 g pieces) were spot inoculated with 4 log CFU/g of L. monocytogenes and stored at 4 or 13°C for 6 days. Cantaloupe and bell pepper rind disks (20 cm2), mimicking whole produce were inoculated with low inoculum level (4 log CFU/mL) and high inoculum level (6 log CFU/mL) and stored at 24°C up to 8 days and 4°C up to 14 days, respectively. L. monocytogenes counts on fresh-cut pear samples stored at 4°C increased significantly by 0.27 log CFU/g. However, Listeria levels on kale (day 4), cauliflower (day 6), and broccoli (day 2) were significantly reduced by 0.73, 1.18, and 0.80 log CFU/g, respectively, at 4°C. At 13°C, the bacterial counts increased significantly after a day of storage on fresh-cut watermelons (increasing by 1.10 log CFU/g) and cantaloupes (increasing by 1.52 log CFU/g). Similar increases were observed on pears (1.00 log CFU/g), papayas (1.65 log CFU/g), and green bell peppers (1.72 log CFU/g). Pineapple samples did not support the growth of L. monocytogenes at 13°C with a significant reduction of 1.80 log CFU/g by day 6. L. monocytogenes levels significantly increased in fresh-cut lettuce at 13°C but remained stable on kale, cauliflower, and broccoli after 6 days of storage. Stable population was observed also on cantaloupe rinds up to 8 days at 24°C. While on the outer surface of bell peppers, the population level decreased below the detectable limit of the test (10 CFU/20 cm2) after 14 days of storage at 4°C. The results demonstrated variable survival behavior of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut produce with produce type and storage temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moreira
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Erika Mera
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Vijay Singh Chhetri
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Joan M. King
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Thanos Gentimis
- Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang JH. Understanding inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on romaine lettuce by emulsified thyme essential oil. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104013. [PMID: 35473974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effects of thyme essential oil (TEO) emulsion (TEE) with cationic charge formulated using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on attachment strength and inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce surface were examined in this study. Regardless of the inoculation time (2 h and 24 h), pathogen attachment was stronger on the adaxial surface of the romaine lettuce than on the abaxial surface because of the lower roughness of the former. Moreover, attachment strength increased with increasing inoculation time. TEE washing had the strongest inhibitory effect on pathogen attachment at 2 h when compared with that of TEO, CPC, and sodium hypochlorite (SH), demonstrating a 3.32 and 2.53 log-reduction in the size of the L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 populations, respectively, compared to the control samples. Additionally, the TEE washing effects were maintained even after inoculation for 24 h, and it decreased attachment to adaxial surface of the samples. These results indicate that TEE could be a good alternative to SH in improving the microbiological safety of romaine lettuce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Persistent Spatial Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Concentrations in Surface Waters: Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Data from Maryland. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
High spatiotemporal variability of pathogen concentrations in surface waters complicates the design and interpretation of microbial water quality monitoring. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis can provide spatial patterns (EOFs) of variability in deviations of concentrations in specific locations from the average concentration across the study area. These patterns can be interpreted to assess the effect of environmental factors on pathogen levels in the water. The first and the second EOFs for Listeria monocytogenes explained 84.4% and 9.7% of the total variance of deviations from average, respectively. That percentage was 50.8% and 45.0% for Salmonella enterica. The precipitation also had a strong explanatory capability (79%) of the first EOF. The first EOFs of Listeria and precipitation were similar at pond sites but were opposite to the precipitation at the stream sites. The first EOF of S. enterica and precipitation demonstrated opposite trends, whereas the second S. enterica EOF pattern had similar signs with the precipitation EOF at pond sites, indicating a relationship between rainfall and Salmonella at these sites. Overall, the rainfall data could inform on persistent spatial patterns in concentrations of the two pathogens at the pond sites in farm settings but not at stream sites located in forested areas.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sudarsan A, Keener K. Inactivation of spoilage organisms on baby spinach leaves using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) and assessment of quality. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Sahoo M, Panigrahi C, Aradwad P. Management strategies emphasizing advanced food processing approaches to mitigate food borne zoonotic pathogens in food system. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Chirasmita Panigrahi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Pramod Aradwad
- Division of Agricultural Engineering Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang J, Wu Z. Combined use of ultrasound-assisted washing with in-package atmospheric cold plasma processing as a novel non-thermal hurdle technology for ready-to-eat blueberry disinfection. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105960. [PMID: 35240411 PMCID: PMC8891714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) has limited disinfection efficacy, and it has been recommended to combine it with chemical disinfectants during fresh produce washing. After washing and before packaging, the disinfection effect of US-assisted washing can be weakened; thus, in-package disinfection is important. As a nutritious fruit, there are no packaged blueberries can be directly eaten. Therefore, in this study, blueberry was selected as the model, and the two most commonly used disinfectants (free chlorine [FC] at 10 ppm and peracetic acid [PAA] at 80 ppm) were combined with low-frequency US (25 kHz) during washing, followed by in-package disinfection using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (CP). The disinfection efficacy of US-FC and US-PAA against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium was significantly higher than that of US, PAA, or FC alone. The highest disinfection efficacy of CP was observed at the pulse frequency range of 400-800 Hz. For US-FC (1 min) + CP (1 min), an additional 0.86, 0.71, 0.42, and 0.29 log CFU/g of reduction for E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, aerobic mesophilic counts, and mold and yeast was achieved, respectively, compared with US-FC (2 min) alone. For US-PAA (1 min) + CP (1 min) an additional 0.71, 0.59, 0.32, and 0.21 log CFU/g of reduction was achieved for the above organisms, respectively, compared with US-PAA (2 min) alone. Quality loss (in total color difference, firmness, and anthocyanin content) was not observed after treatment with US-FC + CP, US-PAA + CP, US-FC, or US-PAA. After treatment with US-FC + CP or US-PAA + CP, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was significantly lower than that in the other groups, and antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly higher than that in the other groups, suggesting that in-package CP can activate the blueberry antioxidant system to scavenge ROS, thereby lowering the risk of quality loss. US-CP combination not only improves the disinfection efficacy but also lowers quality loss caused by ROS, without prolonging the processing time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Unal Turhan E, Polat S, Erginkaya Z, Konuray G. Investigation of synergistic antibacterial effect of organic acids and ultrasound against pathogen biofilms on lettuce. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Rossi C, Maggio F, Casaccia M, Chaves‐López C, Valbonetti L, Serio A, Paparella A. Comparing the effectiveness of
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
essential oil and two common household sanitizers to reduce lettuce microbiota and prevent
Salmonella enterica
recontamination. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Manila Casaccia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Clemencia Chaves‐López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo TE Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparison of the metabolic responses of eight Escherichia coli strains including the “big six” in pea sprouts to low concentration electrolysed water by NMR spectroscopy. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
13
|
He Y, Zhao X, Chen L, Zhao L, Yang H. Effect of electrolysed water generated by sodium chloride combined with sodium bicarbonate solution against Listeria innocua in broth and on shrimp. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Y, Wu L, Yan Y, Yang K, Dong P, Luo X, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Lactic Acid and Peroxyacetic Acid Inhibit Biofilm of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Formed in Beef Extract. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:744-751. [PMID: 34197219 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of lactic acid (LA) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) on the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef extract (BE). BE medium was used as the growth substrate in this study, to make the control effect closer to the situation of the factory. The biofilm inhibitory efficacy of LA and PAA was tested by using a crystal violet staining assay and microscopic examination. And then, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, metabolic activity, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay were used to reveal the biofilm inhibition mechanism of LA and PAA. The results showed that both LA and PAA significantly inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7 at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (p < 0.05). At MIC, LA and PAA showed different effects on the biofilm metabolic activity and the EPS production of E. coli O157:H7. Supporting these findings, expression analysis showed that LA significantly suppressed quorum sensing genes (luxS and sdiA) and adhesion genes (flhC), while PAA downregulated the transcription of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis genes (adrB and adrA) and the global regulatory factor csgD. This result revealed that LA and PAA had different biofilm inhibitory mechanisms on E. coli O157:H7; LA inhibited the biofilm formation mainly by inhibiting metabolic activity, while PAA inhibited EPS production. This study provided a theoretical basis for the control of E. coli O157:H7 biofilm in the actual production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Kehui Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu J, Zhao L, Lai S, Yang H. NMR-based metabolomic investigation of antimicrobial mechanism of electrolysed water combined with moderate heat treatment against Listeria monocytogenes on salmon. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Luu P, Chhetri VS, Janes ME, King JM, Adhikari A. Efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide in reducing Salmonella enterica, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on strawberries and blueberries. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Electrostatic Spraying of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis L.) Peel Extract for Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Lollo Rossa and Beetroot Leaves. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
Kang JH, Song KB. Antimicrobial activity of honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) ethanol extract against foodborne pathogens and its application in washing fresh-cut Swiss chard. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Luu P, Chhetri VS, Janes ME, King JM, Adhikari A. Effectiveness of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide in Minimizing Food Safety Risk Associated with Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on Sweet Potatoes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091259. [PMID: 32911767 PMCID: PMC7554816 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used sanitizer in the produce industry despite its limited effectiveness against contaminated human pathogens in fresh produce. Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an alternative sanitizer offering a greater oxidizing potency with greater efficacy in reducing a large number of microorganisms. We investigated the effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment against human pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes seeded on sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes were spot inoculated (4.2 to 5.7 log CFU/cm2) with multi-strain cocktails of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes and treated for 10–30 min with 5 ppm aqueous ClO2 or water. Aqueous ClO2 treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing Salmonella with a reduction of 2.14 log CFU/cm2 within 20 min compared to 1.44 log CFU/cm2 for water treatment. Similar results were observed for L. monocytogenes with a 1.98 log CFU/cm2 reduction compared to 0.49 log CFU/cm2 reduction observed after 30 min treatment with aqueous ClO2 the water respectively. The maximum reduction in E. coli O157: H7 reached 2.1 Log CFU/cm2 after 20 min of treatment with aqueous ClO2. The level of the pathogens in ClO2 wash solutions, after the treatment, was below the detectable limit. While in the water wash solutions, the pathogens’ populations ranged from 3.47 to 4.63 log CFU/mL. Our study indicates that aqueous ClO2 is highly effective in controlling cross-contamination during postharvest washing of sweet potatoes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chhetri VS, Han Y, Janes ME, Adhikari A. Evaluation of viability of E. coli O157: H7 on chlorine and lactic acid treated spinach leaves using combined propidium monoazide staining and real-time PCR. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Liu Q, Chen L, Laserna AKC, He Y, Feng X, Yang H. Synergistic action of electrolyzed water and mild heat for enhanced microbial inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 revealed by metabolomics analysis. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Adhikari A, Parraga Estrada KJ, Chhetri VS, Janes M, Fontenot K, Beaulieu JC. Evaluation of ultraviolet (UV-C) light treatment for microbial inactivation in agricultural waters with different levels of turbidity. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1237-1243. [PMID: 32148829 PMCID: PMC7020289 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Produce growers using surface or well water to irrigate their crops may require an appropriate water treatment system in place to meet the water quality standard imposed by FSMA Produce Safety Rule. This study evaluated the potential of using ultraviolet (UV-C) treatment in reducing the microbial population in agricultural water. Waters with turbidity levels ranging from 10.93 to 23.32 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) were prepared by mixing pond water and well water. The waters were inoculated with a cocktail of generic Escherichia coli (ATCC 23716, 25922, and 11775) and then treated with UV-C light (20-60 mJ/cm2). All tested doses of the UV-C treatment reduced the E. coli levels significantly (p < .05) in the water samples with the turbidity levels up to 23.32 NTU. The decrease in the turbidity from 23.32 to 10.93 NTU increased the level of reduction by more than 2.15 log most probable number (MPN)/100 ml). UV-C treatment effectively reduces microbial load in agriculture water; however, turbidity of water may significantly affect the disinfection efficacy. The study also demonstrated that sprinkler system resulted in a higher level of contamination of cantaloupes compared with drip irrigation. The results indicated that UV-C treatment could be a promising strategy in reducing the produce safety risks associated with irrigation water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achyut Adhikari
- School of Nutrition and Food SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | | | - Vijay S. Chhetri
- School of Nutrition and Food SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Marlene Janes
- School of Nutrition and Food SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Kathryn Fontenot
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - John C. Beaulieu
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNew OrleansLAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adhikari A, Chhetri VS, Bhattacharya D, Cason C, Luu P, Suazo A. Effectiveness of daily rinsing of alfalfa sprouts with aqueous chlorine dioxide and ozonated water on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during sprouting. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:252-257. [PMID: 31429475 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa sprouts have been implicated in multiple foodborne disease outbreaks. This study evaluated the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during sprouting of alfalfa seeds and the effectiveness of daily chlorine dioxide & ozone rinsing in controlling the growth. Alfalfa seeds inoculated with L. monocytogenes were sprouted for 5 days (25°C) with a daily aqueous ClO2 (3 ppm, 10 min) or ozone water (2 ppm, 5 min) rinse. Neither treatment significantly reduced the growth of L. monocytogenes on sprouting alfalfa seeds. The initial level of L. monocytogenes was 3·44 ± 0·27, which increased to c. 7·0 log CFU per g following 3 days of sprouting. There was no significant difference in the bacterial population between the treatment schemes. Bacterial distribution in roots (7·63 ± 0·511 log CFU per g), stems (7·51 ± 0·511 log CFU per g) and leaves (7·41 ± 0·511 log CFU per g) were similar after 5 days. Spent sanitizers had significantly lower levels of bacterial populations compared to the spent distilled water control. The results indicated that sprouting process provides a favourable condition for the growth of L. monocytogenes and the sanitizer treatment alone may not be able to reduce food safety risks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Sprouts are high-risk foods. Consumption of raw sprouts is frequently associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. Optimum sprouting procedure involves soaking seeds in water followed by daily water rinsing to maintain a moist environment that is also favourable for the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms. The present study emphasized the potential food safety risks during sprouting and the effect of applying daily sanitizer rinsing in the place of water rinsing to reduce those risks. The finding of this study may be useful in the development of pre-harvest and post-harvest risk management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Adhikari
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - V S Chhetri
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - D Bhattacharya
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C Cason
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P Luu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A Suazo
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao L, Zhao MY, Phey CP, Yang H. Efficacy of low concentration acidic electrolysed water and levulinic acid combination on fresh organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Crispa L.) and its antimicrobial mechanism. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|