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Liang J, Li H, Han M, Gao Z. Polysaccharide-polyphenol interactions: a comprehensive review from food processing to digestion and metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38965668 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2368055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Most studies on the beneficial effects of polyphenols on human health have focused on polyphenols extracted using aqueous organic solvents, ignoring the fact that a portion of polyphenols form complexes with polysaccharides. Polysaccharides and polyphenols are interrelated, and their interactions affect the physicochemical property, quality, and nutritional value of foods. In this review, the distribution of bound polyphenols in major food sources is summarized. The effect of food processing on the interaction between polyphenols and cell wall polysaccharides (CWP) is discussed in detail. We also focus on the digestion, absorption, and metabolic behavior of polysaccharide-polyphenol complexes. Different food processing techniques affect the interaction between CWP and polyphenols by altering their structure, solubility, and strength of interactions. The interaction influences the free concentration and extractability of polyphenols in food and modulates their bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to their major release in the colon. Metabolism of polyphenols by gut microbes significantly enhances the bioavailability of polyphenols. The metabolic pathway and product formation rate of polyphenols and the fermentation characteristics of polysaccharides are affected by the interaction. Furthermore, the interaction exhibits synergistic or antagonistic effects on the stability, solubility, antioxidant and functional activities of polyphenols. In summary, understanding the interactions between polysaccharides and polyphenols and their changes in food processing is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the health benefits of polyphenols and the optimization of food processing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Cheng L, Yang Q, Li C, Zheng J, Wang Y, Duan B. Preparation, structural characterization, bioactivities, and applications of Crataegus spp. polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126671. [PMID: 37689285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus, is a genus within the Rosaceae family. It is recognized as a valuable plant with both medicinal and edible qualities, earning it the epithet of the "nutritious fruit" owing to its abundant bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers linked by glycosidic bonds, one of the crucial bioactive ingredients of Crataegus spp. Recently, Crataegus spp. polysaccharides (CPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their diverse range of bioactivities, including prebiotic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunobiological properties. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent research on CPs. The analysis revealed that CPs exhibited a broad molecular weight distribution, ranging from 5.70 Da to 4.76 × 108 Da, and are composed of various monosaccharide constituents such as mannose, rhamnose, and arabinose. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated that the biological function of CPs is closely associated with their molecular weight, galacturonic acid content, and chemical modifications. Additionally, CPs have excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which make them promising candidates for applications in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries. The article also scrutinized the potential development and future research directions of CPs. Overall, this article provides comprehensive knowledge and underpinnings of CPs for future research and development as therapeutic agents and multifunctional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jiamei Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | | | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
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Qingyang L, Ruohui W, Shiman S, Danyu S, Runhong M, Yihua L. Comparison of different drying technologies for walnut ( Juglans regia L.) pellicles: Changes from phenolic composition, antioxidant activity to potential application. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101037. [PMID: 38144737 PMCID: PMC10739750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the phenolic profile in the walnut pellicle (WP) and its exploitability can help to promote the valorization of the industrial waste from walnut production. Three forms of 33 monomeric phenols in WPs were quantified based on our previously established LC-MS/MS method. The levels of protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the WPs were the highest, exceeding 400 μg/g. Antioxidant tests revealed that all three phenolic forms of WPs were effective antioxidants (IC50: 2.12-35.05 µg/mL). The findings also revealed that drying temperature had a substantial type-dependent effect on phenolics and their antioxidant ability in WPs. KEGG enrichment analysis found that drying method has the greatest impact on WPs phenols in six metabolic pathways. Besides, 11 active substances in WPs were identified by a compound-targeted activity screening approach, indicating that WPs could be used as a natural antioxidant source in the development of medical and nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qingyang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Wang Ruohui
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Sun Shiman
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Shen Danyu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Mo Runhong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Liu Yihua
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, PR China
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Zhou X, Gong X, Li X, An N, He J, Zhou X, Zhao C. The Antioxidant Activities In Vitro and In Vivo and Extraction Conditions Optimization of Defatted Walnut Kernel Extract. Foods 2023; 12:3417. [PMID: 37761127 PMCID: PMC10528741 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activities of defatted walnut kernel extract (DWE) and whole walnut kernel extract (WE) in vitro and in vivo. Three spectrophotometric methods, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, were used in in vitro experiments, and mice were used in in vivo experiments. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize reflux-assisted ethanol extraction of DWE for maximum antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The results of in vitro experiments showed that both extracts showed antioxidant activity; however, the antioxidant activity of DWE was higher than that of WE. Both extracts improved the mice's oxidative damage status in in vivo studies. An ethanol concentration of 58%, an extraction temperature of 48 °C, and an extraction time of 77 min were the ideal parameters for reflux-assisted ethanol extraction of DWE. The results may provide useful information for further applications of defatted walnut kernels and the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ning An
- Experimental Centre of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang 532600, China
| | - Jiefang He
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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Xing Y, Ma Q, Wang K, Dong X, Wang S, He P, Wang J, Xu H. Non-thermal treatments of strawberry pulp: The relationship between quality attributes and microstructure. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106508. [PMID: 37442055 PMCID: PMC10362351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between quality attributes and microstructure in strawberry pulp after pasteurization (PS), ultrasound (US), electron beam irradiation (EB), and high pressure (HP) treatments was investigated. The results showed that US treatment decreased the viscosity to the lowest by 80.15% and increased the a* value, cloudy stability, and contents of titratable acid, total soluble solid, organic acids, total phenols, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins (TAC), as well as its antioxidant capacity, due to the decrease in particle size, the destruction of microstructure, and the release of intracellular compounds. US and EB treatments could maintain the volatile compounds. The greatest deterioration in TAC and volatile compound content was found in the pulp treated with PS and HP treatments. HP treatment was beneficial to the enhancement of apparent viscosity, organic acids, and soluble sugar. These results provided insights into the enhancement of quality attributes in strawberry pulp due to the microstructure change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Qiudi Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaobo Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - ShuangShuang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyun He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ye T, Zheng Y, Guan Y, Sun Y, Chen C. Rapid determination of chemical components and antioxidant activity of the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge by NIRS and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122215. [PMID: 36508903 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a method for quality evaluation of the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, also known as Shanzha, by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. METHOD Seventy-two batches of Shanzha samples were collected, and the content of total components (flavonoids, phenols and organic acids), monomer components (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and isoquercitrin), as well as the antioxidant activity of 60% ethanol extract were determined by usual methods. Then, all measured values were correlated with the near infrared spectra of Shanzha, and the partial least squares regression models were established. As to improve the model performance, various methods for spectra pretreatment and wavelength selection were investigated. RESULTS After optimization, the models obtained the coefficients of determination in both calibration and prediction >0.9, and the residual prediction deviations >3, indicating that the models had good prediction abilities. CONCLUSION The present method can serve as an alternative to the methods for comprehensive and rapid quality evaluation of Shanzha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Digitalization Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Research Center for Quality Engineering & Technology of Chinese Materia Medica of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Digitalization Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Research Center for Quality Engineering & Technology of Chinese Materia Medica of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Lien HM, Lin HT, Huang SH, Chen YR, Huang CL, Chen CC, Chyau CC. Protective Effect of Hawthorn Fruit Extract against High Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic β-Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061130. [PMID: 36981057 PMCID: PMC10047983 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cells, causing dysfunction and insulin resistance that lead to diabetes mellitus (DM). The possible causes of injury can be caused by glucose- or fructose-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) fruit has been widely used as a hypolipidemic agent in traditional herbal medicine. The study aimed to investigate whether high fructose-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction could be reversed through amelioration of ER stress by the treatment of polyphenol-enriched extract (PEHE) from hawthorn fruit. The extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate as a solvent from crude water extract (WE) of hawthorn fruits, followed by column fractionation. The results showed that the contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and triterpenoids in PEHE could be enhanced by 2.2-, 7.7- and 1.1-fold, respectively, in comparison to the original obtained WE from hawthorn fruit. In ER stress studies, a sharp increase in the inhibitory activity on the gene expression levels of GRP79, ATF6, IRE1α and CHOP involved in ER stress was evident when dosages of PEHE at 50–100 μg/mL were used against high-fructose (150 mM)-treated cells. HPLC–MS/MS analysis showed that polyphenols and flavonoids collectively accounted for 87.03% of the total content of PEHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Man Lien
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- SYi Biotek, 2F, No. 26, Keyuan Rd., Xitun District, Taichung 40763, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-M.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Tang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Huei Huang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Yìng-Ru Chen
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lu Huang
- SYi Biotek, 2F, No. 26, Keyuan Rd., Xitun District, Taichung 40763, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Chen
- SYi Biotek, 2F, No. 26, Keyuan Rd., Xitun District, Taichung 40763, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-M.L.); (C.-C.C.)
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Wu S, Mo R, Wang R, Li Q, Shen D, Liu Y. Identification of Key Antioxidants of Free, Esterified, and Bound Phenolics in Walnut Kernel and Skin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040825. [PMID: 36832900 PMCID: PMC9956992 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut is a natural source of antioxidants. Its antioxidant capacity is determined by the distribution and composition of phenolics. The key phenolic antioxidants in various forms (free, esterified, and bound) in walnut kernel (particularly seed skin) are unknown. The phenolic compounds in twelve walnut cultivars were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in this study. A boosted regression tree analysis was used to identify the key antioxidants. Ellagic acid, gallic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, and epicatechin were abundant in the kernel and skin. The majority of phenolic acids were widely distributed in the free, esterified, and bound forms in the kernel but more concentrated in bound phenolics in the skin. The total phenolic levels of the three forms were positively correlated with antioxidant activities (R = 0.76-0.94, p < 0.05). Ellagic acid was the most important antioxidant in the kernel, accounting for more than 20%, 40%, and 15% of antioxidants, respectively. Caffeic acid was responsible for up to 25% of free phenolics and 40% of esterified phenolics in the skin. The differences in the antioxidant activity between the cultivars were explained by the total phenolics and key antioxidants. The identification of key antioxidants is critical for new walnut industrial applications and functional food design in food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
- Shanghai Jing’an District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Runhong Mo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Ruohui Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0571-63122616
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Shahidi F, Hossain A. Importance of Insoluble-Bound Phenolics to the Antioxidant Potential Is Dictated by Source Material. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010203. [PMID: 36671065 PMCID: PMC9854999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoluble-bound phenolics (IBPs) are extensively found in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of plants, mainly cereals, legumes, and pulses. In particular, IBPs are mainly distributed in the protective tissues, such as seed coat, pericarp, and hull, and are also available in nutritional tissues, including germ, epicotyl, hypocotyl radicle, and endosperm, among others. IBPs account for 20-60% of the total phenolics in food matrices and can exceed 70% in leaves, flowers, peels, pulps, seeds, and other counterparts of fruits and vegetables, and up to 99% in cereal brans. These phenolics are mostly covalently bound to various macromolecules such as hemicellulose, cellulose, structural protein, arabinoxylan, and pectin, which can be extracted by acid, alkali, or enzymatic hydrolysis along with various thermal and non-thermal treatments. IBPs obtained from various sources exhibited a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. In this contribution, the chemistry, distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and extraction methods of IBPs, and how they are affected by various treatments, are summarized. In particular, the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on the release of IBPs and their antioxidant potential is discussed.
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Insights into the effects of extractable phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products on the antioxidant activity of roasted wheat flours with different maturities. Food Chem X 2022; 17:100548. [PMID: 36845526 PMCID: PMC9943760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were performed to determine the effect of roasting whole wheat flours at 80 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C for 30 min on four forms of phenolics, Maillard reaction products (MRPs), and the DPPH scavenging activity (DSA) at 15, 30 and 45 days after flowering (15-DAF, 30-DAF, and 45-DAF). Roasting increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the wheat flours, which were the dominant contributions to the formation of Maillard reaction products. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total phenolic DSA (TDSA) were determined in the DAF-15 flours at 120 °C/30 min. The DAF-15 flours exhibited the highest browning index and fluorescence of free intermediate compounds and advanced MRPs, suggesting that a substantial quantity of MRPs were formed. Four forms of phenolic compounds were detected with significantly different DSAs in the roasted wheat flours. The insoluble-bound phenolic compounds exhibited the highest DSA, followed by the glycosylated phenolic compounds.
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Zhong J, Wang Y, Li C, Yu Q, Xie J, Dong R, Xie Y, Li B, Tian J, Chen Y. Natural variation on free, esterified, glycosylated and insoluble-bound phenolics of Rubus chingii Hu: Correlation between phenolic constituents and antioxidant activities. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, Hou G, Meng Q. Food Applications and Potential Health Benefits of Hawthorn. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182861. [PMID: 36140986 PMCID: PMC9498108 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a plant of the Rosaceae family and is widely grown throughout the world as one of the medicinal and edible plants, known as the “nutritious fruit” due to its richness in bioactive substances. Preparations derived from it are used in the formulation of dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical products. Rich in amino acids, minerals, pectin, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, epicatechol, and choline, hawthorn has a high therapeutic and health value. Many studies have shown that hawthorn has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-cardiovascular disease, and digestive enhancing properties. This is related to its bioactive components such as polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidin B2, epicatechin), flavonoids (proanthocyanidins, mucoxanthin, quercetin, rutin), and pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic acid, hawthornic acid, oleanolic acid), which are also its main chemical constituents. This paper briefly reviews the chemical composition, nutritional value, food applications, and the important biological and pharmacological activities of hawthorn. This will contribute to the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals from hawthorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.M.)
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Li Z, Zhao P, Song S, Huang X. Chiral resolution of racemic phenylpropanoids with tyrosinase inhibitory activities from the fruits of
Crataegus pinnatifida
Bge. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14304. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Shao‐jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xiao‐Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
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Effect of high-pressure processing on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from cloudy hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida) juice. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Comparative metabolomic analysis of different-colored hawthorn berries (Crataegus pinnatifida) provides a new interpretation of color trait and antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Lou X, Jin Y, Tian H, Yu H, Chen C, Hanna M, Lin Y, Yuan L, Wang J, Xu H. High-pressure and thermal processing of cloudy hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida) juice: Impact on microbial shelf-life, enzyme activity and quality-related attributes. Food Chem 2022; 372:131313. [PMID: 34655827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-pressure (HPP, 300/600 MPa for 2 and 6 min) and thermal processing (TP, 65 °C/30 min) on microbial shelf-life, enzyme-activity and quality-attributes of cloudy hawthorn berry juice (CHBJ) after processing and during storage (4 °C). The CHBJ shelf-life was at least 150 days when processed by HPP. No significant difference was observed in pH and titratable acidity (p > 0.05), while HPP significantly increased soluble sugar (p < 0.05) and simulated some fruity aroma compounds which improved the taste and flavor of CHBJ. However, HPP inhabited ineffectively enzyme-activity in comparison to TP, causing significant color changes (ΔE = 4.98 ± 0.03-5.10 ± 0.07) during 30-day storage (p < 0.05). Although particle size increased after HPP treatment, significant increases (68.76%-926.95%) were observed in viscosity (p < 0.05), due to enhanced extractability or modification of pectin induced by HPP, resulting in higher consistency of CHBJ. HPP is promising to extend shelf-life and improve quality-attributes of CHBJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinman Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaixiang Tian
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Milford Hanna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA
| | - Yawen Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Big Green (USA) Inc. and Bgreen Food Company, P.O. Box 8112, Rowland Heights, CA 91748, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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17
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Biological properties and potential application of hawthorn and its major functional components: A review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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18
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High Hydrostatic Pressure to Increase the Biosynthesis and Extraction of Phenolic Compounds in Food: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051502. [PMID: 35268602 PMCID: PMC8911777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from fruits and vegetables have shown antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, among other beneficial properties for human health. All these benefits have motivated multiple studies about preserving, extracting, and even increasing the concentration of these compounds in foods. A diverse group of vegetable products treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) at different pressure and time have shown higher phenolic content than their untreated counterparts. The increments have been associated with an improvement in their extraction from cellular tissues and even with the activation of the biosynthetic pathway for their production. The application of HHP from 500 to 600 MPa, has been shown to cause cell wall disruption facilitating the release of phenolic compounds from cell compartments. HPP treatments ranging from 15 to 100 MPa during 10–20 min at room temperature have produced changes in phenolic biosynthesis with increments up to 155%. This review analyzes the use of HHP as a method to increase the phenolic content in vegetable systems. Phenolic content changes are associated with either an immediate stress response, with a consequent improvement in their extraction from cellular tissues, or a late stress response that activates the biosynthetic pathways of phenolics in plants.
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19
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Wang R, Tian X, Li Q, Liao L, Wu S, Tang F, Shen D, Liu Y. Walnut pellicle color affects its phenolic composition: free, esterified and bound phenolic compounds in various colored-pellicle walnuts. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Whelan LC, Geary M, Healy J. A Novel, Simple Rapid Reverse-Phase HPLC-DAD Analysis, for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Abscisic Acid Commonly Found in Foodstuff and Beverages. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:648-654. [PMID: 34553229 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, rapid, 7-minute HPLC-DAD method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in teas, wines, fruit and honey was successfully developed and validated according to the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This reverse-phase (RP) HPLC-DAD method boasts rapid separation and excellent resolution while introducing green chemistry techniques. The Agilent 1200 series diode array detector SL coupled with a reverse-phase Advanced Materials Technology Halo C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm i.d., 2.7 μm) contributed to the rapid analyses. This, together with a 0.1% formic acid in water (v/v) and methanol mobile phase, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and the utilization of a meticulous gradient elution resulted in a validated method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in various foodstuffs. The resulting method proved to be rapid, accurate, precise and linear with sensitive detection limits from 0.025 μg/mL to 0.500 μg/mL and percentage recoveries of 98.07%-101.94%. Phenolic compounds have been acknowledged throughout literature for their therapeutic properties, interalia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiaging due to free radical scavenging potentials. However, resulting analysis, can be frequently complicated and long and very often discounts green chemistry techniques. The developed and validated method successfully and rapidly analyses, gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, rutin, myricetin, abscisic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and chrysin with excellent resolution and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curtin Whelan
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Michael Geary
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Jim Healy
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
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21
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Li N, Jiang H, Yang J, Wang C, Wu L, Hao Y, Liu Y. Characterization of phenolic compounds and anti-acetylcholinase activity of coconut shells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Examining the Performance of Two Extraction Solvent Systems on Phenolic Constituents from U.S. Southeastern Blackberries. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134001. [PMID: 34208968 PMCID: PMC8271949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two common extraction solvent systems, namely acidified aqueous methanol and acidified aqueous acetone, were used to extract blackberry phenolics, and the antioxidant properties of the recovered extracts were compared. The crude extracts were fractionated into low- and high-molecular-weight phenolics by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The hydrophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORACFL), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays were employed as indices to assess antioxidant capacity of the extracts and their respective fractions. The methanolic solvent system displayed a greater efficiency at extracting anthocyanin and flavonol constituents from the blackberries, while the acetonic solvent system was better at extracting flavan-3-ols and tannins. Anthocyanins were the dominant phenolic class found in the blackberries with 138.7 ± 9.8 mg C3G eq./100 g f.w. when using methanol as the extractant and 114.6 ± 3.4 mg C3G eq./100 g f.w. when using acetone. In terms of overall antioxidant capacity of blackberry phenolics, the acetonic solvent system was superior. Though present only as a small percentage of the total phenolics in each crude extract, the flavan-3-ols (42.37 ± 2.44 and 51.44 ± 3.15 mg/100 g f.w. in MLF and ALF, respectively) and ellagitannins (5.15 ± 0.78 and 9.31 ± 0.63 mg/100 g f.w. in MHF and AHF, respectively) appear to account for the differences in the observed antioxidant activity between the two solvent systems.
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23
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Żurek N, Karatsai O, Rędowicz MJ, Kapusta IT. Polyphenolic Compounds of Crataegus Berry, Leaf, and Flower Extracts Affect Viability and Invasive Potential of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092656. [PMID: 34062758 PMCID: PMC8124274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crataegus contains numerous health-promoting compounds that are also proposed to have anti-cancer properties. Herein, we aimed at a contemporaneous evaluation of the effects of polyphenol-rich extracts of berries, leaves, and flowers of six Crataegus species on the viability and invasive potential on the highly aggressive human glioblastoma U87MG cell line. The treatment with the extracts evoked cytotoxic effects, with the strongest in the berry extracts. All extracts not only promoted the apoptosis-related cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) but also substantially inhibited the activity of pro-survival kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt), thus indicating the suppression of proliferative and invasive potentials of the examined glioblastoma cells. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracts’ content was also performed and revealed that amongst 37 polyphenolic compounds identified in the examined Crataegus extracts, the majority (29) was detected in berries; the leaf and flower extracts, exerting milder cytotoxic effects, contained only 14 and 13 compounds, respectively. The highest polyphenol content was found in the berries of C. laevigata x rhipidophylla x monogyna, in which flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids predominated. Our results demonstrated that a high content of polyphenolic compounds correlated with the extract cytotoxicity, and especially berries were a valuable source of compounds with anti-cancer potential. This might be a promising option for the development of an effective therapeutic strategy against highly malignant glioblastomas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Żurek
- Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (M.J.R.)
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta
- Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (M.J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-785-5238
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24
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Liu S, Yu J, Fu M, Wang X, Chang X. Regulatory effects of hawthorn polyphenols on hyperglycemic, inflammatory, insulin resistance responses, and alleviation of aortic injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110239. [PMID: 33773689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of HPE on insulin resistance, inflammation, and aortic injury in T2D rats, using metformin (MF) as a positive control. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine the primary polyphenols in HPE. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate pathological conditions of the skeletal muscle, liver, and aorta vessels in each group. The levels of serum and intestinal tissue oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also assessed. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression levels in the associated molecular pathway. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from colon contents were determined using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility chromatography. Our results showed that supplementation with 300 mg HPE/kg body weight over four weeks significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), insulin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in diabetic rats (p < 0.01). The lesions of skeletal muscle, liver, and aorta in diabetic rats were significantly improved. HPE supplementation also significantly downregulated the inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) in the liver of diabetic rats via the SIRT1/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, HPE significantly reduced insulin resistance in T2D rats by upregulating the phosphorylation of glucose absorption protein (GLUT4) and insulin resistance-associated proteins, p-IRS1, p-AKT, and p-PI3K, in the rat liver (p < 0.01). The findings show that HPE could also alleviate aortic injury by activating SIRT1 and regulating the NF-κB and Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathways. Overall, the results of this study suggest that both HPE and MF have similar inhibitory effects on T2D in rats and that HPE could be used as a functional food component in the adjuvant treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
| | - Jincheng Yu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Mengfan Fu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Xinfang Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Xuedong Chang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China; Hebei (Chengde) Hawthorn Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
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25
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Yang J, Dong X, Zhen XT, Chen Y, Zheng H, Ye LH, Liu FM, Cao J. Rapid analysis and identification of flavonoid and organic acid metabolites in Hawthorn using an on-line flow injection assisted electrochemical microreactor combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of free, esterified and bound phenolic compounds in walnut kernel. Food Chem 2021; 350:129217. [PMID: 33607410 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free, esterified and bound forms of 37 phenolic compounds (including hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols and flavones) from walnut kernel (Juglans regia L.) were investigated in this study. Results showed that the majority of walnut phenolics were presented in the free form (51.1%-68.1%), followed by bound (21.0%-38.0%) and esterified forms (9.7%-18.7%). Ellagic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and caffeic acid were widely distributed in three forms. Differently, jeuglone, kaempferol, quercetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside and dihydroquercetin were only found in free phenolics. Among the three forms, free phenolics had the highest radical scavenging activity (IC50: DPPH, 15.5 µg/ml; ABTS, 13.6 µg/ml). The correlation coefficients between the antioxidant activities of phenolics and their corresponding contents were 0.82-0.92. More soluble phenolics (free and esterified forms) could be extracted by acetone, while methanol was better at extracting insoluble bound phenolics.
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27
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Lou X, Guo X, Wang K, Wu C, Jin Y, Lin Y, Xu H, Hanna M, Yuan L. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit infusion and decoction and influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on their digestive recovery. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Tan Y, Chen B, Ren C, Guo M, Wang J, Shi K, Wu X, Feng Y. Rapid identification model based on decision tree algorithm coupling with 1H NMR and feature analysis by UHPLC-QTOFMS spectrometry for sandalwood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122449. [PMID: 33246279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sandalwood is one of the most valuable woods in the world. However, today's counterfeits are widespread, it is difficult to distinguish authenticity. In this paper, similar genus (Dalbergia and Pterocarpus) and confused species (Gluta sp.) of sandalwood were quickly and efficiently identified. Rapid identification model based on 1H NMR and decision tree (DT) algorithm was firstly developed for the identification of sandalwood, and the accuracy was improved by introducing the AdaBoost algorithm. The accuracy of the final model was above 95%. And the feature components between different species of sandalwood were further explored using UHPLC-QTOFMS and NMR spectrometry. The results showed that 183 compounds were identified, among which 99 were known components, 84 were unknown components. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR signals of 505 samples were assigned, among them, 14 compounds were attributed, characteristic chemical shift intervals with great differences in the model were analysed. Furthermore, the fragmentation pattern of different compounds from sandalwood, in both positive and negative ion ESI modes, was summarized. The results showed a potential and rapid tool based on DT, NMR spectroscopy and UHPLC-QTOFMS, which had performed great potential for rapid identification and feature analysis of sandalwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Tan
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Biying Chen
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cui Ren
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Juanxia Wang
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kexing Shi
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xia Wu
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yifan Feng
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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29
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Cheng Y, Quan W, Qu T, He Y, Wang Z, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Effects of 60Co-irradiation and superfine grinding wall disruption pretreatment on phenolic compounds in pine (Pinus yunnanensis) pollen and its antioxidant and α-glucosidase-inhibiting activities. Food Chem 2020; 345:128808. [PMID: 33316712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effects of 60Co-irradiation and superfine grinding wall disruption on the phenolic, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase-inhibiting potential of pine pollen were investigated. Eight soluble phenolics (SP) and insoluble-bound phenolic (IBP) compounds were characterized for the first time. After 60Co-irradiation, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in SP increased by 16.90% and 14.66%, respectively; in IBP, they decreased by 53.26% and 21.57%, respectively; whereas they were unchanged in pine pollen, but antioxidant activity decreased by 29.18%-40.90%. After superfine grinding wall disruption, the TPC and TFC in IBP increased by 80.24% and 27.24%, respectively; in pine pollen, they increased by 22.66% and 10.61%, respectively; whereas they were unchanged in SP; and their antioxidant activity increased by 46.68%-58.06%. Both pretreatments had a little effect on the α-glucosidase-inhibiting activities of pine pollen. These results would be helpful in promoting the application of pine pollen in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Qu
- Yantai New Era Health Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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30
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Oyarzún P, Cornejo P, Gómez-Alonso S, Ruiz A. Influence of Profiles and Concentrations of Phenolic Compounds in the Coloration and Antioxidant Properties of Gaultheria poeppigii Fruits from Southern Chile. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:532-539. [PMID: 32783148 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chaura (Gaultheria poeppigii) is a plant species native from Southern Chile, which produces a berry fruit with potential beneficial health effects due to its content of phenolic compounds. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the phenolic compounds from fruits of different colored genotypes (white-, pink- and red-colored) collected from the Osorno volcano and the Conguillío National Park (CNP) in southern Chile were analyzed by mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) and HPLC-DAD, respectively. The total content of phenolic compounds was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and its antioxidant activity by the CUPRAC, TEAC and DPPH methods. Four anthocyanins were detected, with glycosylated derivatives of delphinidin and cyanidin being the most abundant. Fruits with more coloration had higher anthocyanin concentrations. Six flavonols were detected, with quercetin derivatives being the most abundant. The highest concentration of total flavonols reached 0.41 mg g-1 in red colored fruits. The profiles of phenolic compounds showed differences between fruits depending on both the color and the area of collection. Finally, it would be interesting to evaluate the genetic profiles of chaura to determine whether this variation in phenolics and colorations is dependent on the geographical location or dependent on the genotype of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Oyarzún
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Xu J, Gao L, Liang H, Chen SD. In silico screening of potential anti-COVID-19 bioactive natural constituents from food sources by molecular docking. Nutrition 2020; 82:111049. [PMID: 33290972 PMCID: PMC7648188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to seek potential natural compounds that can resist COVID-19 using computer virtual screening technology through molecular docking of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 3CL hydrolytic enzyme (3CLpro) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). METHODS Molecular docking was achieved by using the Autodock Vina software. The natural phytocompounds acting on 3CLpro and ACE2 were then selected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. This was followed by speculation on the mechanism of action of phytocompounds. RESULTS Six potential natural anti-COVID-19 phytocompounds were selected and were evaluated for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and Lipinski rules. The content of the six phytocompounds in various fruits and vegetables was determined via a literature search. Red wine, Chinese hawthorn, and blackberry were recommended as supplements because they contained antiviral phytocompounds. CONCLUSION Red wine, Chinese hawthorn, and blackberry show promise for resisting COVID-19 and are thus recommended as supplements to prevent the infection of COVID-19 during its outbreak period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangqin Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xiamen University Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huiqing Liang
- Hepatology Unit of Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Dong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
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Sova M, Saso L. Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2190. [PMID: 32717940 PMCID: PMC7468728 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important natural phenolic compounds present in high concentrations in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea and wine. Many health beneficial effects have been acknowledged in food products rich in HCAs; however, food processing, dietary intake, bioaccessibility and pharmacokinetics have a high impact on HCAs to reach the target tissue in order to exert their biological activities. In particular, metabolism is of high importance since HCAs' metabolites could either lose the activity or be even more potent compared to the parent compounds. In this review, natural sources and pharmacokinetic properties of HCAs and their esters are presented and discussed. The main focus is on their metabolism along with biological activities and health benefits. Special emphasis is given on specific effects of HCAs' metabolites in comparison with their parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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