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Zeng J, Ma F, Zhai L, Du C, Zhao J, Li Z, Wang J. Recent advance in sesame allergens: Influence of food processing and their detection methods. Food Chem 2024; 448:139058. [PMID: 38531299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop with numerous nutritional benefits containing a diverse range of bioactive compounds. However, sesame is also considered an allergenic food that triggers various mild to severe adverse reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis). Strict dietary avoidance of sesame components is the best option to protect the sensitized consumers. Sesame or sesame-derived foods are always consumed after certain food processing operations, which would cause a considerable impact on the structure of sesame proteins, changing their sensitization capacity and detectability. In the review, the molecular structure properties, and immunological characteristics of the sesame allergens were described. Meanwhile, the influence of food processing techniques on sesame proteins and the relevant detection techniques used for the sesame allergens quantification are also emphasized critically. Hopefully, this review could provide valuable insight into the development and management for the new "Big Eight" sesame allergen in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Ligong Zhai
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Chuanlai Du
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China.
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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Bagarinao NC, King J, Leong SY, Agyei D, Sutton K, Oey I. Effect of Germination on Seed Protein Quality and Secondary Metabolites and Potential Modulation by Pulsed Electric Field Treatment. Foods 2024; 13:1598. [PMID: 38890827 PMCID: PMC11172214 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are being increasingly favored to feed the ever-growing population, but these need to exhibit improved nutritional value in terms of protein quality and digestibility to be considered a useful alternative to animal-based foods. Germination is essential for plant growth and represents a viable method through which the protein quality of plants can be further improved. However, it will be a challenge to maintain efficient rates of germination in a changing climate when seeds are sown. In the context of the indoor germination of seeds for food, consumption, or processing purposes, a more efficient and sustainable process is desired. Therefore, novel techniques to facilitate seed germination are required. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment of seeds results in the permeabilization of the cell membrane, allowing water to be taken up more quickly and triggering biochemical changes to the macromolecules in the seed during germination. Therefore, PEF could be a chemical-free approach to induce a stress response in seeds, leading to the production of secondary metabolites known to exert beneficial effects on human health. However, this application of PEF, though promising, requires further research to optimize its impact on the protein and bioactive compounds in germinating seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Cecille Bagarinao
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Jessie King
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Sze Ying Leong
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Kevin Sutton
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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Astawan M, Prayudani APG, Haekal M, Wresdiyati T, Sardjono RE. Germination effects on the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens) and soybean tempe. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383841. [PMID: 38689933 PMCID: PMC11058789 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have shown that the velvet bean, an indigenous legume in Indonesia, possesses high protein content and bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of velvet beans in tempe production remains underexplored. Methods This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of tempe made from velvet beans, both individually and in combination with soybean. The study involved the production of tempe using germinated and non-germinated velvet bean, soybean, and a soy-velvet bean combination (61:39% ratio). Physicochemical analyses, including hardness, firmness, colour, antioxidant capacity, proximate, pH, and titratable acidity, were conducted. Hedonic rating and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) tests were also performed to assess the sensory attributes of fresh and fried tempe. Results and discussion Germination treatment of velvet bean resulted in tempe with reduced hardness, firmness, antioxidant capacity, and pH levels compared to non-germinated velvet bean tempe. However, velvet bean tempe exhibited a darker colour, higher antioxidant capacity, higher pH levels, and lower titratable acidity compared to soybean tempe and soy-velvet bean combination tempe. The protein content in velvet bean tempe was found to be below the required threshold of 15%. Hedonic rating tests revealed that fresh and fried velvet bean tempe received lower scores than other samples. CATA tests identified specific sensory attributes essential for fresh and fried tempe, including beany aroma, white colour, nutty aroma, golden brown colour, solid and crunchy texture, umami taste, and nutty aftertaste. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications of velvet beans in tempe production and emphasize the significance of considering germination as a factor affecting the quality and sensory attributes of tempe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Astawan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Putri Gitanjali Prayudani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Haekal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Wresdiyati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedicine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Mao H, Yuan S, Li Q, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu H, Yu M, Wang M. Influence of germination on the bioactivity, structural, functional and volatile characteristics of different chickpea flours. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101195. [PMID: 38406762 PMCID: PMC10884441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the objective was to evaluated the impact of germination of chickpea cultivars (Muying1, Y2-514 and YZ-364) on the bioactivity, volatiles and functional properties. The results showed that the Vitamin C content of Muying1, Y2-514 and YZ-364 after germination significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, the germination also caused a significant decrease in lower transition temperatures and enthalpy values in chickpea flours (p < 0.05). After germination treatment, β-sheet and random coils in protein secondary structures increased and β-turn decreased in YZ-364; α-helix, β-sheet and random coil in Y2-514 and Muying1 decreased, while β-turn increased. The germination significantly enhanced the functional properties of three chickpea flours (p < 0.05). It was proved that the germination significantly enhanced the total phenolic and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and in vitro protein digestibility. The GC-IMS revealed that the germination could affect the contents of volatile compounds of chickpea flours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mao
- Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Hongkai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Culinary Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
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Du T, Huang J, Xu X, Xiong S, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhao X, Huang T, Xiao M, Xiong T, Xie M. Effects of fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCU116 on the antihypertensive activity and protein structure of black sesame seed. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129811. [PMID: 38302018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Effects of fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 on the antihypertensive potential of black sesame seed (BSS) and structure characteristics of fermented black sesame seed protein (FBSSP) were investigated. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and zinc chelating ability of fermented black sesame seed hydrolysate (FBSSH) reached the highest of 60.78 ± 3.67 % and 2.93 ± 0.04 mg/mL at 48 h and 60 h of fermentation, respectively. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of FBSSH and surface hydrophobicity of FBSSP were increased noticeably by fermentation. The α-helix and β-rotation of FBSSP tended to decrease and increase, respectively, during fermentation. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between β-turn and ACE inhibition activity as well as zinc chelating ability with correlation coefficients r of 0.8976 and 0.8932. Importantly, novel ACE inhibitory peptides LLLPYY (IC50 = 12.20 μM) and ALIPSF (IC50 = 558.99 μM) were screened from FBSSH at 48 h using in silico method. Both peptides showed high antioxidant activities in vitro. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the hydrogen bond connected with zinc ions of ACE mainly attributed to the potent ACE inhibitory activity of LLLPYY. The findings indicated that fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 is an effective method to enhance the antihypertensive potential of BSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Shijin Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Linli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Xueting Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Muyan Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Mingyong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Ge J, Du Y, Wang Q, Xu X, Li J, Tao J, Gao F, Yang P, Feng B, Gao J. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and rheological properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129616. [PMID: 38266839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer can affect the seed quality of mung bean. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the properties of mung bean protein (MBP) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of four nitrogen fertilization levels on the physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and rheological properties of MBP. The results showed that the amino acid and protein contents of mung bean flour were maximized under 90 kg ha-1 of applied nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen fertilization can alter the secondary and tertiary structure of MBP. The main manifestations are an increase in the proportion of β-sheet, the exposure of more chromophores and hydrophobic groups, and the formation of loose porous aggregates. These changes improved the solubility, oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity, and foaming stability of MBP. Meanwhile, Thermodynamic and rheological analyses showed that the thermal stability, apparent viscosity, and gel elasticity of MBP were all increased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Correlation analysis showed that protein properties are closely related to changes in structure. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization can improve the protein properties of MBP by modulating the structure of protein molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of mung bean cultivation and the further development of high-quality mung bean protein foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yarong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jincai Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Hengshan District, Hengshan, Shaanxi Province 719199, China
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Wang XH, Tai ZJ, Song XJ, Li ZJ, Zhang DJ. Effects of Germination on the Structure, Functional Properties, and In Vitro Digestibility of a Black Bean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Protein Isolate. Foods 2024; 13:488. [PMID: 38338623 PMCID: PMC10855124 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of black beans as a protein-rich ingredient presents remarkable prospects in the protein food industry. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of germination treatment on the physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics of a black bean protein isolate. The findings indicate that germination resulted in an increase in both the total and soluble protein contents of black beans, while SDS-PAGE demonstrated an increase in the proportion of 11S and 7S globulin subunits. After germination, the particle size of the black bean protein isolate decreased in the solution, while the absolute value of the zeta potential increased. The above results show that the stability of the solution was improved. The contents of β-sheet and β-turn gradually decreased, while the content of α-helix increased, and the fluorescence spectrum of the black bean protein isolate showed a red shift phenomenon, indicating that the structure of the protein isolate and its polypeptide chain were prolonged, and the foaming property, emulsification property and in vitro digestibility were significantly improved after germination. Therefore, germination not only improves functional properties, but also nutritional content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, Daqing 163319, China; (X.-H.W.); (Z.-J.T.); (X.-J.S.); (Z.-J.L.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Tai
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, Daqing 163319, China; (X.-H.W.); (Z.-J.T.); (X.-J.S.); (Z.-J.L.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue-Jian Song
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, Daqing 163319, China; (X.-H.W.); (Z.-J.T.); (X.-J.S.); (Z.-J.L.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, Daqing 163319, China; (X.-H.W.); (Z.-J.T.); (X.-J.S.); (Z.-J.L.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dong-Jie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, Daqing 163319, China; (X.-H.W.); (Z.-J.T.); (X.-J.S.); (Z.-J.L.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
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Vissamsetti N, Simon-Collins M, Lin S, Bandyopadhyay S, Kuriyan R, Sybesma W, Tomé D. Local Sources of Protein in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: How to Improve the Protein Quality? Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102049. [PMID: 38476722 PMCID: PMC10926142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein inadequacy is a major contributor to nutritional deficiencies and adverse health outcomes of populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). People in LMICs often consume a diet predominantly based on staple crops, such as cereals or starches, and derive most of their daily protein intakes from these sources. However, plant-based sources of protein often contain low levels of indispensable amino acids (IAAs). Inadequate intake of IAA in comparison with daily requirements is a limiting factor that results in protein deficiency, consequently in the long-term stunting and wasting. In addition, plant-based sources contain factors such as antinutrients that can diminish protein digestion and absorption. This review describes factors that affect protein quality, reviews dietary patterns of populations in LMICs and discusses traditional and novel small- and large-scale techniques that can improve the quality of plant protein sources for enhanced protein bioavailability and digestibility as an approach to tackle malnutrition in LMICs. The more accessible small-scale food-processing techniques that can be implemented at home in LMICs include soaking, cooking, and germination, whereas many large-scale techniques must be implemented on an industrial level such as autoclaving and extrusion. Limitations and considerations to implement those techniques locally in LMICs are discussed. For instance, at-home processing techniques can cause loss of nutrients and contamination, whereas limitations with larger scale techniques include high energy requirements, costs, and safety considerations. This review suggests that combining these small- and large-scale approaches could improve the quality of local sources of proteins, and thereby address adverse health outcomes, particularly in vulnerable population groups such as children, adolescents, elderly, and pregnant and lactating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Vissamsetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mackenzie Simon-Collins
- Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women’s Health Research, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sheryl Lin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sulagna Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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Chinma CE, Adedeji OE, Jolayemi OS, Ezeocha VC, Ilowefah MA, Rosell CM, Adebo JA, Wilkin JD, Adebo OA. Impact of germination on the techno-functional properties, nutritional composition, and health-promoting compounds of brown rice and its products: A review. J Food Sci 2024; 89:8-32. [PMID: 37997506 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a popular grain and forms part of the daily diet of people throughout the world. However, the consumption of rice and its products is sometimes limited by its high glycemic index due to its high starch content, low protein content and quality, and low bioavailability of minerals due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors. This has partly stimulated research interest in recent times toward the use of bioprocessing techniques such as germination as cheap and natural means to improve the nutritional quality, digestibility, and health properties of cereals, including rice, to partially achieve nutrition and food security in the developing regions of the world. This review highlights the impact of germination on the nutritional quality, health-promoting properties, and techno-functional characteristics of germinated brown rice grains and their products. The review demonstrated that germinated rice grains and their products have improved nutritional quality and digestibility, modified functional properties, and showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-cardiovascular activities. Germination appears to be a suitable bioprocessing method to improve the nutritional quality and bioactive constituents and modify the techno-functional properties of rice grains for diverse food applications and improved global nutrition and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Olusola Samuel Jolayemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Vanessa Chinelo Ezeocha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Muna Abdulsalam Ilowefah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sabha University, Sabha, Libya
| | - Cristina M Rosell
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebo
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan D Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Hu S, Gao H, Ouyang L, Li X, Zhu S, Wu Y, Yuan L, Zhou J. Mechanistic insights into the improving effects of germination on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of protein isolate derived from black and white sesame. Food Chem 2023; 429:136833. [PMID: 37454620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination is a natural green technology to improve the nutritional and techno-functional quality of plant-based proteins. In this study, the mechanism of improving the functional and antioxidant properties of black and white sesame protein isolates (SPI) through germination process was investigated. Results showed that the surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content increased significantly after germination, which were supported by multispectral analysis suggesting the exposed and unfolded conformational transition of germinated SPI. Moreover, the increased particle size was observed by microscopy analysis and reducing electrophoresis, which indicated that depolymerized protein molecules were rearranged to form protein aggregates during germination. The structural modification induced by germination contributed to the superior solubility (increased to 3.15-fold and 2.36-fold at pH 8 for black and white SPI, respectively), foaming capacity (increased to 3.99-fold and 1.69-fold, respectively), emulsifying ability (increased to 2.84-fold and 2.71-fold, respectively), and diverse chemical antioxidant activities (increased up to 5.60-fold) of SPI in both varieties. This was the first comprehensive study to investigate germination as a promising technology for obtaining high-quality SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
| | - Hongxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Linghua Ouyang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Shuilan Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Linfeng Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
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11
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Baskıncı T, Gul O. Modifications to structural, techno-functional and rheological properties of sesame protein isolate by high pressure homogenization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126005. [PMID: 37562472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) at a pressure up to 150 MPa on microstructural, techno-functional and rheological properties of sesame protein isolate (SPI). HPH treatment caused a partial change in the secondary structure of SPI, however, the changes in surface hydrophobicity and free -SH groups, indicating HPH had significant effect on the tertiary structure. After the HPH treatment, the particles dispersed homogeneously with more rougher surface. Sesame proteins had the smallest particle size (0.79 μm) and highest zeta potential (38.83 mV) at 100 MPa pressure. The most developed water/oil holding capacity, emulsification and foaming properties were achieved at 100 MPa pressure. However, the maximum stable foam formation (83.33 %) was determined at 150 MPa pressure. When the shear rate is fixed as 50 1/s, an increase in the viscosity value of the samples treated with 100 and 150 MPa pressure was detected compared to the control sample, while the lowest viscosity was determined the ones treated at 50 MPa. In all samples except 50 MPa pressure-treated proteins, viscoelastic character became dominant with increasing frequency (G' > G″). Modification with HPH resulted in a decrease of about 15 °C in the gelation temperature of SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Baskıncı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Osman Gul
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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12
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Arshad N, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Saeed W, Qamar M, Özogul F, Bartkiene E, Rocha JM. The Comparative Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation and Germination on the Levels of Neurotoxin, Anti-Nutrients, and Nutritional Attributes of Sweet Blue Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.). Foods 2023; 12:2851. [PMID: 37569119 PMCID: PMC10417352 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), an indigenous legume of the subcontinental region, is a promising source of protein and other nutrients of health significance. Contrarily, a high amount of β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) and other anti-nutrients limits its wider acceptability as healthier substitute to protein of animal and plant origin. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of different processing techniques, viz. soaking, boiling, germination, and fermentation, to improve the nutrient-delivering potential of grass pea lentil and to mitigate its anti-nutrient and toxicant burden. The results presented the significant (p < 0.05) effect of germination on increasing the protein and fiber content of L. sativus from 22.6 to 30.7% and 15.1 to 19.4%, respectively. Likewise, germination reduced the total carbohydrate content of the grass pea from 59.1 to 46%. The highest rate of reduction in phytic acid (91%) and β-ODAP (37%) were observed in germinated grass pea powder, whereas fermentation anticipated an 89% reduction in tannin content. The lactic acid fermentation of grass pea increased the concentration of calcium, iron, and zinc from 4020 to 5100 mg/100 g, 3.97 to 4.35 mg/100 g, and 3.52 to 4.97 mg/100 g, respectively. The results suggest that fermentation and germination significantly (p < 0.05) improve the concentration of essential amino acids including threonine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, and lysine in L. sativus powder. This study proposes lactic acid fermentation and germination as safer techniques to improve the nutrient-delivering potential of L. sativus and suggests processed powders of the legume as a cost-effective alternative to existing plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Arshad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.A.); (T.I.); (W.S.); (M.Q.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.A.); (T.I.); (W.S.); (M.Q.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.A.); (T.I.); (W.S.); (M.Q.)
| | - Wisha Saeed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.A.); (T.I.); (W.S.); (M.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Qamar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.A.); (T.I.); (W.S.); (M.Q.)
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey;
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Du T, Huang J, Xiong S, Zhang L, Xu X, Xu Y, Peng F, Huang T, Xiao M, Xiong T. Effects of enzyme treatment on the antihypertensive activity and protein structure of black sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) after fermentation pretreatment. Food Chem 2023; 428:136781. [PMID: 37418882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of enzyme treatment on the hypertensive potential and protein structure of black sesame seed (BSS) were investigated. Compared with BSS, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition of fermented black sesame seed (FBSS) has significantly improved after acid protease processing and reached 75.39% at 2 U/g in 3 h. Meanwhile, the zinc chelating ability and antioxidant activity of FBSS hydrolysate as well as surface hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl content, and peptide content of FBSS protein, were significantly increased. The results illustrated that this strategy promoted the protein unfolding and exposure of hydrophobic residues, thus contributing toward enzymatic hydrolysis. Secondary structure results indicated that the α-helix of FBSS protein and β-sheet of BSS protein decreased after hydrolyzing. The differences in ACE inhibition may also result from the difference in peptide sequence except for peptide content. In conclusion, the combination of fermentation pretreatment and enzyme treatment is an effective method to enhance the antihypertensive potential of BSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Shijin Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Muyan Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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14
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Wan Y, Zhou Q, Zhao M, Hou T. Byproducts of Sesame Oil Extraction: Composition, Function, and Comprehensive Utilization. Foods 2023; 12:2383. [PMID: 37372594 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesame is principally used to generate oil, which is produced by chemical refining or pressing. Sesame meal, as a main byproduct of sesame oil extraction, is usually discarded, causing resource waste and economic loss. Sesame meal is rich in sesame protein and three types of sesame lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol). Sesame protein extracted via a physical method and an enzymic method has balanced amino acid composition and is an important protein source, and thus it is often added to animal feed and used as a human dietary supplement. Extracted sesame lignan exhibits multiple biological activities such as antihypertensive, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering activities, and therefore it is used to improve the oxidative stability of oils. This review summarizes the extraction methods, functional activities, and comprehensive utilization of four active substances (sesame protein, sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) in sesame meal with the aim to provide theoretical guidance for the maximum utilization of sesame meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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15
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Dynamics of composition, structure, and metabolism of three energy substances in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) during germination. Food Chem 2023; 410:135344. [PMID: 36610092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The composition and structure changes of three energy substances (protein, lipid, and sugar) and minerals during flaxseed germination were investigated. Na, Ca, Fe, and total free amino acids fluctuating increased and peaked at 7 d. Oil and ɑ-linolenic acid contents increased initially and reached the maximal increment by 14.8 % and 1.4 % (p < 0.05) at 2 d, after which it declined. Soluble sugar mainly consisted of sucrose (50.47 %-72.77 %), glucose, and fructose during germination. Semi-cylindrical depression was enhanced on flaxseed granule surface, and oil bodies distribution from relatively uniform toward cell wall during 0-2 d. Protein order and stability were varied firstly, then grew steadily at 4-7 d and peaked at 7 d. Metabolic sequence (sugar, protein, and lipid) and related tricarboxylic acid pathway were proposed. Conclusively, germinated flaxseed at 2 and 4 d had higher physicochemical and structural properties, which could serve as high-quality resources for lipid and protein processing respectively.
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16
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Xiao X, Zou PR, Hu F, Zhu W, Wei ZJ. Updates on Plant-Based Protein Products as an Alternative to Animal Protein: Technology, Properties, and Their Health Benefits. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104016. [PMID: 37241757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based protein products, represented by "plant meat", are gaining more and more popularity as an alternative to animal proteins. In the present review, we aimed to update the current status of research and industrial growth of plant-based protein products, including plant-based meat, plant-based eggs, plant-based dairy products, and plant-based protein emulsion foods. Moreover, the common processing technology of plant-based protein products and its principles, as well as the emerging strategies, are given equal importance. The knowledge gap between the use of plant proteins and animal proteins is also described, such as poor functional properties, insufficient texture, low protein biomass, allergens, and off-flavors, etc. Furthermore, the nutritional and health benefits of plant-based protein products are highlighted. Lately, researchers are committed to exploring novel plant protein resources and high-quality proteins with enhanced properties through the latest scientific and technological interventions, including physical, chemical, enzyme, fermentation, germination, and protein interaction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peng-Ren Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
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17
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Gul O, Saricaoglu FT, Atalar I, Gul LB, Tornuk F, Simsek S. Structural Characterization, Technofunctional and Rheological Properties of Sesame Proteins Treated by High-Intensity Ultrasound. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091791. [PMID: 37174329 PMCID: PMC10178585 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived proteins, such as those from sesame seeds, have the potential to be used as versatile food ingredients. End-use functionality can be further improved by high-intensity ultrasound treatments. The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on the properties of sesame protein isolates from cold-pressed sesame cake were evaluated. The SDS-PAGE demonstrated no significant changes in the molecular weight of proteins. Ultrasound treatments resulted in decreased particle size with a more uniform distribution, resulting in the exposure of hydrophobicity and free -SH groups and increased zeta potential. Although FTIR spectra of proteins were similar after ultrasonication, a partial increase in the intensity of the amide A band was observed. The ultrasound significantly (p < 0.05) affected the secondary structure of proteins. While optical micrographics revealed a dispersed structure with smaller particles after treatments, microstructural observations indicated more rough and irregular surfaces. Water solubility was improved to 80.73% in the sample subjected to 6 min of ultrasonication. Sesame protein solutions treated for 4 and 6 min exhibited viscoelastic structure (storage modulus (G') > loss modulus (G'')). In addition, the gelation temperature of proteins decreased to about 60-65 °C with increasing treatment time. Overall, ultrasound is a useful technique for the modification of sesame protein isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Gul
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Furkan Turker Saricaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Atalar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Latife Betul Gul
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tornuk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Food Science & Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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18
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Evaluating the influence of cold plasma bubbling on protein structure and allergenicity in sesame milk. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:1-13. [PMID: 36924386 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51isp1.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame is a traditional oilseed comprising essential amino acids. However, the presence of allergens in sesame is a significant problem in its consumption; thus, this study attempted to reduce these allergens in sesame oilseeds. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold plasma processing on structural changes in proteins, and thereby the alteration of allergenicity in sesame milk. Method: Sesame milk (300 mL) was processed using atmospheric pressure plasma bubbling unit (dielectric barrier discharge, power: 200 V, and airflow rate: 16.6 mL/min) at different exposure times (10, 20, and 30 min). RESULTS The efficiency of plasma-bubbling unit as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance in terms of producing reactive hydroxyl (OH) radicals proved that generation of reactive species increased with exposure time. Further, the plasma-processed sesame milk subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetery analysis revealed that plasma bubbling increased the oxidation of proteins with respect to bubbling time. The structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed that the secondary structure of proteins was altered after plasma application. This change in the protein structure helped in changing the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes of the protein, which in turn reduced the allergen-binding capacity by 23% at 20-min plasma bubbling as determined by the sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, 30-min plasma bubbling intended to increase allergenicity, possibly because of increase in IgE binding due to the generation of neo epitopes. CONCLUSION These changes proved that plasma bubbling is a promising technology in oxidizing protein structure, and thereby reducing the allergenicity of sesame milk. However, increase in binding at 30-min bubbling is to be studied to facilitate further reduction of the binding capacity of IgE antibodies.
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Zhang RY, Liu C, Wang XD, Liu HM, Zhu WX. Effects of different concentrations of NaOH on the structure and in vitro digestion of cellulose from sesame kernel. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Yang C, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Yang F, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Yang F. Heat treatment of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) albumin: Effect on structural, functional, and in vitro digestion properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1010617. [PMID: 36185662 PMCID: PMC9520662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1010617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are rich in protein, polyphenols, phytosterols, and flavonoid substances, and excellent amino acid balance that has been revisited recently as a new food material showing potential applied in fitness and disease prevention. Heat treatment is one of the most effective strategies for improving the physiochemical characteristics of a protein. However, research examining the effects of temperature on quinoa albumin (QA) properties is limited. In this study, QA was subjected to thermal treatment (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 121°C). SDS−PAGE revealed that QA is composed of several polypeptides in the 10−40 kDa range. Amino acid (AA) analysis showed that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), negatively charged amino acid residues (NCAAs), and positively charged amino acids (PCAAs) contents of QA were more than double that of the FAO/WHO reference standard. Additionally, heating induced structural changes, including sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange and the exposure of hydrophobic groups. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the albumin underwent denaturation, dissociation, and aggregation during heating. Moreover, moderate heat treatment (60, 70, and 80°C) remarkably improved the functional properties of QA, enhancing its solubility, water (oil) holding capacity, and emulsification and foaming characteristics. However, heating also reduced the in vitro digestibility of QA. Together, these results indicate that heat treatment can improve the structural and functional properties of QA. This information has important implications for optimizing quinoa protein production, and various products related to quinoa protein could be developed. which provides the gist of commercial applications of quinoa seeds for spreading out in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Farong Yang
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fumin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fumin Yang,
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21
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Guo Q, Jin L, Li ZA, Huang GW, Liu HM, Qin Z, Wang XD, Ma YX. Sequential extraction, preliminary characterization and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) hull polysaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Huang Y, Fan B, Lei N, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Tong L, Wang F, Maesen P, Blecker C. Selenium Biofortification of Soybean Sprouts: Effects of Selenium Enrichment on Proteins, Protein Structure, and Functional Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849928. [PMID: 35592631 PMCID: PMC9113265 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during germination is an efficient method for producing Se-enriched soybean sprouts; however, few studies have investigated Se distribution in different germinated soybean proteins and its effects on protein fractions. Herein, we examined Se distribution and speciation in the dominant proteins 7S and 11S of raw soybean (RS), germinated soybean (GS), and germinated soybean with Se biofortification (GS-Se). The effects of germination and Se treatment on protein structure, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity were also determined. The Se concentration in GS-Se was 79.8-fold higher than that in GS. Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine were the dominant Se species in GS-Se, accounting for 41.5–80.5 and 19.5–21.2% of the total Se with different concentrations of Se treatment, respectively. Se treatment had no significant effects on amino acids but decreased methionine in 11S. In addition, the α-helix contents decreased as the Se concentration increased; the other structures showed no significant changes. The Se treatment also had no significant effects on the water and oil-holding capacities in protein but increased the foaming capacity and emulsion activity index (EAI) of 7S, but only the EAI of 11S. The Se treatment also significantly increased the antioxidant capacity in 7S but not in 11S. This study indicates that the dominant proteins 7S and 11S have different Se enrichment abilities, and the protein structures, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity of GS can be altered by Se biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengzhong Wang
| | - Philippe Maesen
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Philippe Maesen
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Christophe Blecker
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23
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Gani A, Ul Ashraf Z, Noor N, Ahmed Wani I. Ultrasonication as an innovative approach to tailor the apple seed proteins into nanosize: Effect on protein structural and functional properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106010. [PMID: 35500363 PMCID: PMC9065882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, protein was extracted from the apple seed flour using alkali-acid precipitation method. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ultrasonication on structural and techno-functional properties of apple seed protein. Both native (N-protein) and ultra-sonicated protein (US-protein) were characterized for size, zeta potential, structure, protein pattern, crystallinity, thermal stability and functional properties. The results revealed that the hydrodynamic diameter of N-protein and US-protein was 1.2 µm and 484 nm while zeta potential was -11 and -19 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed change in the conformational characteristics and functional groups of proteins after nano-reduction. SEM revealed change in the surface morphology of protein molecule upon ultrasonication. Differential scanning calorimetry showed decreased denaturation temperature for US-protein compared to N-protein . SDS-PAGE depicted no change in protein pattern upon ultrasonication. Ultrasonicated protein exhibited increased functional properties like emulsification, foaming, hydrophobicity and oil absorbing properties and hence can be efficiently used as functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asir Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Zanoor Ul Ashraf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Nairah Noor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Idrees Ahmed Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India.
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