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Zong X, Lei N, Yin J, He W, Nie S, Xie M. Exploration and Improvement of Acid Hydrolysis Conditions for Inulin-Type Fructans Monosaccharide Composition Analysis: Monosaccharide Recovery and By-Product Identification. Foods 2024; 13:1241. [PMID: 38672913 PMCID: PMC11049111 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid hydrolysis serves as the primary method for determining the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides. However, inappropriate acid hydrolysis conditions may catalyze the breakdown of monosaccharides such as fructans (Fru), generating non-sugar by-products that affect the accuracy of monosaccharide composition analysis. In this study, we determined the monosaccharide recovery rate and non-sugar by-product formation of inulin-type fructan (ITF) and Fru under varied acid hydrolysis conditions using HPAEC-PAD and UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS, respectively. The results revealed significant variations in the recovery rate of Fru within ITF under different hydrolysis conditions, while glucose remained relatively stable. Optimal hydrolysis conditions for achieving a relatively high monosaccharide recovery rate for ITF entailed 80 °C, 2 h, and 1 M sulfuric acid. Furthermore, we validated the stability of Fru during acid hydrolysis. The results indicated that Fru experienced significant degradation with an increasing temperature and acid concentration, with a pronounced decrease observed when the temperature exceeds 100 °C or the H2SO4 concentration surpasses 2 M. Finally, three common by-products associated with Fru degradation, namely 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, and furfural, were identified in both Fru and ITF hydrolysis processes. These findings revealed that the degradation of Fru under acidic conditions was a vital factor leading to inaccuracies in determining the Fru content during ITF monosaccharide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.Z.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
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2
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Huang Y, Fan B, Lei N, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Tong L, Wang F, Maesen P, Blecker C. Selenium Biofortification of Soybean Sprouts: Effects of Selenium Enrichment on Proteins, Protein Structure, and Functional Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849928. [PMID: 35592631 PMCID: PMC9113265 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during germination is an efficient method for producing Se-enriched soybean sprouts; however, few studies have investigated Se distribution in different germinated soybean proteins and its effects on protein fractions. Herein, we examined Se distribution and speciation in the dominant proteins 7S and 11S of raw soybean (RS), germinated soybean (GS), and germinated soybean with Se biofortification (GS-Se). The effects of germination and Se treatment on protein structure, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity were also determined. The Se concentration in GS-Se was 79.8-fold higher than that in GS. Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine were the dominant Se species in GS-Se, accounting for 41.5–80.5 and 19.5–21.2% of the total Se with different concentrations of Se treatment, respectively. Se treatment had no significant effects on amino acids but decreased methionine in 11S. In addition, the α-helix contents decreased as the Se concentration increased; the other structures showed no significant changes. The Se treatment also had no significant effects on the water and oil-holding capacities in protein but increased the foaming capacity and emulsion activity index (EAI) of 7S, but only the EAI of 11S. The Se treatment also significantly increased the antioxidant capacity in 7S but not in 11S. This study indicates that the dominant proteins 7S and 11S have different Se enrichment abilities, and the protein structures, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity of GS can be altered by Se biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengzhong Wang
| | - Philippe Maesen
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Philippe Maesen
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Christophe Blecker
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Huang Y, Lei N, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Tong L, Wang F, Fan B, Maesen P, Blecker C. Influence of Selenium Biofortification of Soybeans on Speciation and Transformation during Seed Germination and Sprouts Quality. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091200. [PMID: 35563923 PMCID: PMC9104096 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during seed germination is important not only to meet nutritional demands but also to prevent Se-deficiency-related diseases by producing Se-enriched foods. In this study, we evaluated effects of Se biofortification of soybeans on the Se concentration, speciation, and species transformation as well as nutrients and bioactive compounds in sprouts during germination. Soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were cultivated in the dark in an incubator with controlled temperature and water conditions and harvested at different time points after soaking in Se solutions (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L). Five Se species and main nutrients in the sprouts were determined. The total Se content increased by 87.3 times, and a large portion of inorganic Se was transformed into organic Se during 24 h of germination, with 89.3% of the total Se was bound to soybean protein. Methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) were the dominant Se species, MeSeCys decreased during the germination, but SeMet had opposite trend. Se biofortification increased contents of total polyphenol and isoflavonoid compounds and amino acids (both total and essential), especially in low-concentration Se treatment. In conclusion, Se-enriched soybean sprouts have promising potential for Se supplementation and as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Philippe Maesen
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
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Pöllath S, Lin T, Lei N, Zhao W, Zweck J, Back CH. Corrigendum to "Spin structure relation to phase contrast imaging of isolated magnetic Bloch and Néel skyrmions" [Ultramicroscopy 212 (2020) 112973]. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 223:113224. [PMID: 33601239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several errors are present in the text and Fig. 3 of the article Ultramicroscopy 212 (2020) 112973. This includes minor confusions concerning the skyrmion helicities and a wrong orientation of a color wheel that represents the electron phase gradient direction. Further, the presented correction factors for finite probe sizes were based on an erratic simulation which is now corrected. This leads to different error values for the measured skyrmion size. These flaws do not affect the main message of the paper which is the relation of the skyrmion structure with the electron phase at all. They only affect the small section of the proof of principle skyrmion size measurement where aberrations were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pöllath
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - T Lin
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - N Lei
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - W Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - J Zweck
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C H Back
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany.
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5
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Li H, Ji J, Yang L, Lei N, Wang J, Sun B. Structural and physicochemical property changes during pyroconversion of native maize starch. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Pöllath S, Lin T, Lei N, Zhao W, Zweck J, Back CH. Spin structure relation to phase contrast imaging of isolated magnetic Bloch and Néel skyrmions. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 212:112973. [PMID: 32151794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for future storage devices with a large data density. A great variety of materials have been found that host skyrmions up to the room-temperature regime. Lorentz microscopy, usually performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), is one of the most important tools for characterizing skyrmion samples in real space. Using numerical calculations, this work relates the phase contrast in a TEM to the actual magnetization profile of an isolated Néel or Bloch skyrmion, the two most common skyrmion types. Within the framework of the used skyrmion model, the results are independent of skyrmion size and wall width and scale with sample thickness for purely magnetic specimens. Simple rules are provided to extract the actual skyrmion configuration of pure Bloch or Néel skyrmions without the need of simulations. Furthermore, first differential phase contrast (DPC) measurements on Néel skyrmions that meet experimental expectations are presented and showcase the described principles. The work is relevant for material sciences where it enables the engineering of skyrmion profiles via convenient characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pöllath
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg D-93040, Germany
| | - T Lin
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - N Lei
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Zweck
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg D-93040, Germany
| | - C H Back
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany; Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, München D-80799, Germany.
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7
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Lei N, Diao YF, Bai HJ, Feng H, Shi JF, Zhang J. [Cancer epidemics and the cancer prevention and control strategies in the United States: a review study]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:737-743. [PMID: 31288347 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades,the United States made an impressed progress in the prevention and control of cancer that the overall morbidity and mortality of cancer had shown a downward trend, while China had seen an opposite trend. Cancer, one of the major public health concerns in China, has imposed an enormous burden onthe society and individuals. Therefore,in order to scientifically formulate cancer prevention and control policies, it is essential to make a comprehensive understanding of the practical experience in the field of cancer prevention and control from the United States. This article reviews the relevant literature on cancer trends as well as the prevention and control strategies in the United States,depictsthe cancer epidemic situation in the United States in the past 30 years, and summarizes the influencing factors, strategies and intervention experiences that lead to the improvement of cancer epidemic. It highlights the policy support, surveillance and intervention adopted by the United States for the cancer prevention and control. This article is expected to provide some implications and reference for the cancer prevention and control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lei
- Peking Union Medical College Press, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y F Diao
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H J Bai
- Admission Office of Science and Technology Project, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Feng
- Admission Office of Science and Technology Project, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J F Shi
- Office of cancer screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Nationa/Cancer Center, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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8
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Li H, Lei N, Yan S, Yang J, Yu T, Wen Y, Wang J, Sun B. The importance of amylopectin molecular size in determining the viscoelasticity of rice starch gels. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:112-118. [PMID: 30832838 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amylose content as the key indicator in determining the viscoelasticity of starch gels has been widely accepted. In this study, 7 rice varieties are deliberately selected to investigate the structural basis of gel viscoelasticity of starches with similar amylose content. By quantifying starch molecular structure and rheological properties of starch gels, we find (i) starch with similar amylose content forms significantly different gel networks in terms of K*, n* and tan δ; (ii) molecular sizes of rice starches are significantly different between samples; (iii) the chain-length distributions (CLDs) of both amylopectin and amylose are parameterized by mathematic model fitting, and no large variations of these fitted parameters between samples are observed; (iv) amylopectin size are negatively correlated with K* (p < 0.01) while positively correlated with tan δ (p < 0.05). Molecular mechanisms are put forward to explain the role of amylopectin size in contributing to the strength of gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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9
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Li H, Lei N, Yan S, Gao M, Yang J, Wang J, Sun B. Molecular causes for the effect of cooking methods on rice stickiness: A mechanism explanation from the view of starch leaching. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:49-53. [PMID: 30682483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microwave, electronic pressure cooking (EPC), and water absorption method are the common but different ways used for cooking rice. To explore mechanisms for effects of cooking methods on rice stickiness, starch leaching behaviour and the fine structure of leached starch are investigated. We find: (i) EPC improves starch leaching, i.e. the highest amount for total solids and leached amylopectin (AP), while microwave restricts starch leaching; (ii) the chain-length distributions (CLDs) of leached AP between rice samples are similar while CLDs of leached amylose (AM) are mainly ranged between degree of polymerization (DP) 100 and 1000; (iii) microwave makes rice leaching more long-AM chains with DP 1000-10,000; (iv) the varied stickiness of differently cooked rice are mainly caused by total amount of leached materials, especially leached AP, rather than the molecular structure of leached starch. This mechanism explanation provides better view towards helping consumers improve cooking and eating quality of cooked rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Muyao Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Gao Y, You B, Ruan XZ, Liu MY, Yang HL, Zhan QF, Li Z, Lei N, Zhao WS, Pan DF, Wan JG, Wu J, Tu HQ, Wang J, Zhang W, Xu YB, Du J. Depinning of domain walls in permalloy nanowires with asymmetric notches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32617. [PMID: 27600627 PMCID: PMC5013472 DOI: 10.1038/srep32617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of the domain wall (DW) motion along the magnetic nanowires is of great importance for fundamental research and potential application in spintronic devices. In this work, a series of permalloy nanowires with an asymmetric notch in the middle were fabricated with only varying the width (d) of the right arm from 200 nm to 1000 nm. The detailed pinning and depinning processes of DWs in these nanowires have been studied by using focused magneto-optic Kerr effect (FMOKE) magnetometer, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and micromagnetic simulation. The experimental results unambiguously exhibit the presence of a DW pinned at the notch in a typical sample with d equal to 500 nm. At a certain range of 200 nm < d < 500 nm, both the experimental and simulated results show that the DW can maintain or change its chirality randomly during passing through the notch, resulting in two DW depinning fields. Those two depinning fields have opposite d dependences, which may be originated from different potential well/barrier generated by the asymmetric notch with varying d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - B You
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - X Z Ruan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - M Y Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - H L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices &Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Q F Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices &Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Z Li
- Fert Beijing Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - N Lei
- Fert Beijing Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - W S Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - D F Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - J G Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - H Q Tu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - J Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - W Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Y B Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - J Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Fan X, Mao Z, He D, Liao C, Jiang X, Lei N, Hu B, Wang X, Li Z, Lin Y, Gou X, Zhu Y, Wang H. Expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma and the regulation of miR-185. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1117-28. [PMID: 26036598 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-acting somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are most widely used to treat growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. However, approximately 30 % of treated patients show resistance to SSAs, which may be associated with the reduction of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in twenty human GH-secreting adenoma samples treated with SSAs and seven normal pituitary samples. RESULTS The staining intensities of SSTR2 and SSTR5 were stronger in most adenoma samples than in normal pituitary. The expression of SSTR2 tended to be lower in the SSA non-responder group than in responders. A search of the Bioinformatics data bank and the miRCURY™ LNA array confirmed miR-185 as the putative mircoRNA (miRNA) regulating the expression of SSTR2. An in vitro study using Dual Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-185 likely targets the 3'-UTR of SSTR2 mRNA in the rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell line. MiR-185 also downregulated or upregulated the expression of SSTR2 mRNA and SSTR2 protein, following transfection with miR-185 mimics or inhibitors, respectively. CONCLUSION MiR-185 enhanced the cell proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Z Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - D He
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - C Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - N Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical school of Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - B Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical school of Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - X Gou
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical school of Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chen CH, Xiao WW, Jiang XB, Wang JW, Mao ZG, Lei N, Fan X, Song BB, Liao CX, Wang HJ, She ZG, Zhu YH. A novel marine drug, SZ-685C, induces apoptosis of MMQ pituitary tumor cells by downregulating miR-200c. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:2145-54. [PMID: 23317100 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320160007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We found a novel marine drug, SZ-685C, that was isolated from the secondary metabolites of a mangrove endophytic fungus (No. 1403) collected from the South China Sea, which has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of certain tumor cells. However, its anticancer mechanism remains unknown. The aims of this study were to observe the effectiveness of SZ-685C on pituitary adenoma cells and determine the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS A rat prolactinoma cell line, MMQ, was used in this study. A dose escalation of SZ-685C was performed on this cell line, and cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. Hoechst 33342, Annexin V-FITC/PI, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the extent of apoptosis at each concentration of SZ-685C. The effect of SZ-685C on prolactin expression was also evaluated using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-200c in SZ-685C-stimulated MMQ cells and pituitary adenoma tissues. This miRNA was then overexpressed in MMQ cells via transfection of a miR-200c mimic to identify the mechanism underling the anti-tumor effect of SZ-685C. RESULTS SZ-685C inhibited MMQ cell growth in a dose-dependent manner but showed little toxicity toward rat pituitary cells (RPCs). The IC50s of SZ-685C in MMQ cells and RPCs were 13.2 ± 1.3 mM and 49.1 ± 11.5 mM, respectively, which was statistically significant. Increasing numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in response to escalating concentrations of SZ-685C, and the expression level of prolactin (PRL) was inhibited. Nevertheless, the level of PRL mRNA was unchanged. Additionally, miR-200c was upregulated in MMQ cells compared with RPCs, and downregulation of miR- 200c was observed in SZ-685C-treated MMQ cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-200c weakened the effect of SZ-685C-induced apoptosis of MMQ cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SZ-685C induces MMQ cell apoptosis in a miR-200c-dependent manner. Therefore, SZ-685C might be a useful alternative treatment for pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Lei N, Wang Y, Zhang WJ, Duan JZ, Yang GB. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is differentially expressed by different white blood cell populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta
). J Med Primatol 2013; 42:192-203. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Lei
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention; China-CDC; Beijing China
| | - Y. Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention; China-CDC; Beijing China
| | - W.-J. Zhang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention; China-CDC; Beijing China
| | - J.-Z. Duan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention; China-CDC; Beijing China
| | - G.-B. Yang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention; China-CDC; Beijing China
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Jabaji Z, Joshi V, Lei N, Wang J, Lewis M, Stelzner M, Martin M, Dunn J. Formation of an Intestinal Epithelial Surface Using Collagen Gel. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Lei N, Ramakrishnan S, Shi P, Orcutt JS, Yuste R, Kam LC, Shepard KL. High-resolution extracellular stimulation of dispersed hippocampal culture with high-density CMOS multielectrode array based on non-Faradaic electrodes. J Neural Eng 2011; 8:044003. [PMID: 21725154 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/044003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method to electrically stimulate individual neurons at single-cell resolution in arbitrary spatiotemporal patterns with precise control over stimulation thresholds. By exploiting a custom microelectronic chip, up to 65,000 non-Faradaic electrodes can be uniquely addressed with electrode density exceeding 6500 electrodes mm(-2). We demonstrate extracellular stimulation of dispersed primary hippocampal neuronal cultures using the chip at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lei
- Bioelectronic Systems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street 1300, New York, NY, USA.
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Yang GB, Zong CM, Lei N, Qiu CL, Duan JZ, Xing H, Shao Y. Novel major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in a group of Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:285-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Protruding nanostructure is produced in the single layer of Cu(x)Au(1 - x) surface alloy grown on Cu(001) due to the mismatch strain which has been utilized as a template to tune the magnetic anisotropy of overlays recently. The protrusion network was investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with low energy electron diffraction (LEED) as a function of the stoichiometry. The measurement revealed the structure of the protrusion and its correlation with the composition. Interestingly, we observed a twin-domain phase of the protrusion when the film approaches the fully hetero-epitaxial range.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Zhou
- Surface Physics Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Yin LF, Wei DH, Lei N, Zhou LH, Tian CS, Dong GS, Jin XF, Guo LP, Jia QJ, Wu RQ. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in permalloy revisited. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:067203. [PMID: 17026198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.067203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Permalloy with a body-centered-cubic structure has been grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Its magnetism, Curie temperature, and magnetic anisotropy are determined experimentally and compared to those of conventional face-centered-cubic Permalloy. Unexpectedly the vanishing magnetic cubic anisotropy in Permalloy is found to be independent of its atomic structure but depends only upon the stoichiometry of Fe and Ni in the FexNi1-x alloy. This observation is further investigated and confirmed by first-principles electronic band calculations, which help to understand the long-standing issue of why Permalloy should be a soft magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Yin
- Surface Physics Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Pan SK, Lei N. Growth of the Nonlinear Optical Organic Crystal MMONS (3-methyl–4-methoxy-4′-nitrostilbene) from the Melt. Cryst Res Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Biomolecular membranes display rich statistical mechanical behavior. They are classified as liquid in the absence of shear elasticity in the plane of the membrane and tethered (solid) when the neighboring molecules or subunits are connected and the membranes exhibit solid-like elastic behavior in the plane of the membrane. The spectrin skeleton of red blood cells was studied as a model tethered membrane. The static structure factor of the skeletons, measured by small-angle x-ray and light scattering, was fitted with a structure factor predicted with a model calculation. The model describes tethered membrane sheets with free edges in a flat phase, which is a locally rough but globally flat membrane configuration. The fit was good for large scattering vectors. The membrane roughness exponent, zeta, defined through h alpha L zeta, where h is the average amplitude of out-of-plane fluctuations and L is the linear membrane dimension, was determined to be 0.65 +/- 0.10. Computer simulations of model red blood cell skeletons also showed this flat phase. The value for the roughness exponent, which was determined from the scaling properties of membranes of different sizes, was consistent with that from the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Schmidt
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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