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Cai Y, Song W, Li J, Jing Y, Liang C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu B, An Y, Li J, Tang B, Pei S, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhuang CL, Ying Y, Dou X, Chen Y, Xiao FH, Li D, Yang R, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Ma S, Wang S, Song X, Ren J, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang W, Xie Z, Qu J, Wang J, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Wang G, Hu P, Ye J, Sun Y, Mao Z, Kong QP, Liu Q, Zou W, Tian XL, Xiao ZX, Liu Y, Liu JP, Song M, Han JDJ, Liu GH. The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on "healthy aging" raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Song
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Jing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongpan An
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baixue Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yilin Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuefeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400062, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Gelin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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2
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Zabielska P, Wieder-Huszla S, Karakiewicz B, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Lubkowska A, Jurczak A. Analysis of the levels of inflammatory parameters in persons over the age of 90. Exp Gerontol 2021; 148:111278. [PMID: 33592278 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators are common in the elderly. The aim of the paper was to analyze the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in longevous individuals. The study was conducted in persons aged >90 years old, residents of Poland living either at home or staying at residential care facilities. The study included 90 persons (69 women and 21 men) aged between 90 and 103 years. Persons with abnormal CRP presented with a statistical tendency toward higher fibrinogen and lower IL10 and IL-1α levels compared to patients in whom CRP level was within the normal range. IL-6 concentration predicted abnormality within CRP. Inflammation in persons above the age of 90 years old might be linked to abnormal fibrinogen and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zabielska
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wieder-Huszla
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | | | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
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3
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Giuliani C, Garagnani P, Franceschi C. Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework. Circ Res 2019; 123:745-772. [PMID: 30355083 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait, and to disentangle its basis has a great theoretical and practical consequences for biomedicine. The genetics of human longevity is still poorly understood despite several investigations that used different strategies and protocols. Here, we argue that such rather disappointing harvest is largely because of the extraordinary complexity of the longevity phenotype in humans. The capability to reach the extreme decades of human lifespan seems to be the result of an intriguing mixture of gene-environment interactions. Accordingly, the genetics of human longevity is here described as a highly context-dependent phenomenon, within a new integrated, ecological, and evolutionary perspective, and is presented as a dynamic process, both historically and individually. The available literature has been scrutinized within this perspective, paying particular attention to factors (sex, individual biography, family, population ancestry, social structure, economic status, and education, among others) that have been relatively neglected. The strength and limitations of the most powerful and used tools, such as genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing, have been discussed, focusing on prominently emerged genes and regions, such as apolipoprotein E, Forkhead box O3, interleukin 6, insulin-like growth factor-1, chromosome 9p21, 5q33.3, and somatic mutations among others. The major results of this approach suggest that (1) the genetics of longevity is highly population specific; (2) small-effect alleles, pleiotropy, and the complex allele timing likely play a major role; (3) genetic risk factors are age specific and need to be integrated in the light of the geroscience perspective; (4) a close relationship between genetics of longevity and genetics of age-related diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases) do exist. Finally, the urgent need of a global approach to the largely unexplored interactions between the 3 genetics of human body, that is, nuclear, mitochondrial, and microbiomes, is stressed. We surmise that the comprehensive approach here presented will help in increasing the above-mentioned harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- From the Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology (C.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.G.).,Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Italy (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) (P.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (P.G.)
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4
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Sundermann EE, Hussain MA, Moore DJ, Horvath S, Lin DTS, Kobor MS, Levine A. Inflammation-related genes are associated with epigenetic aging in HIV. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:853-865. [PMID: 31286441 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characteristic of both HIV and aging ("inflammaging") and may contribute to the accelerated aging observed in people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined whether three inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were risk factors for accelerated aging and HIV-associated, non-AIDS (HANA) conditions among PLWH. We examined 155 postmortem cases with HIV (mean age = 47.3, 81% male, 68% self-reported White) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium who had pre-mortem neurobehavioral/medical/virologic data and epigenomic data from occipital cortex tissue. Accelerated aging was measured according to the Epigenetic Clock; an aging biomarker based on DNA methylation levels. Past or current age-associated HANA conditions including cerebrovascular, liver and kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and diabetes were determined via self-report. Epigenetic Aging Z-scores and likelihood of past/current HANA conditions were compared between major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers for each SNP (IL-6 - 174G>C, IL-10 - 592C>A, TNF-α - 308 G>A) separately. Analyses were adjusted for relevant demographic/clinical factors. Epigenetic aging (e.g., higher Z-scores) was significantly greater in IL-6 C allele carriers (p = .002) and IL-10 CC homozygotes (p = .02) compared to other genotype groups. The likelihood of any past/current HANA condition did not differ by IL-10 genotype but was 3.36 times greater in IL-6 C allele carriers versus others (OR = 3.36, 95%CI = 1.09-10.34, p = .03). TNF-α genotype was not associated with epigenetic aging or HANA conditions. IL-6 and IL-10 SNPs may help to identify PLWH who are at high risk for accelerated aging. These insights into pathophysiological pathways may inform interventional approaches to treat rapid aging among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Mariam A Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David T S Lin
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Andrew Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zabielska P, Wieder-Huszla S, Gutowska I, Lubkowska A, Knyszyńska A, Jurczak A. Gender-Specific Differences in Concentrations of Biochemical Parameters in Persons over the Age of 90. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111915. [PMID: 31151190 PMCID: PMC6603764 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ageing process is a phenomenon leading to an emergence of a web of interrelated biological processes producing significant changes in the human body. The aim of the paper was to analyse gender-specific differences with regard to selected biochemical parameters in longevity. The study was conducted in Poland in 2017. The study population comprised of long-lived individuals, both living at home and staying at residential care homes. There were 90 people of both genders (69 women and 21 men) aged between 90 and 103 years (mean = 92.36; SD = 2.98). The biochemical markers of longevity in the studied patients were identified by assessing their pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status in various metabolic aspects. The analysis of biochemical variables revealed numerous statistically significant differences, both in the study group as a whole and between the genders. The ageing process is extremely complex, but understanding it will allow for a real intervention in life extension. Research into the processes involved in ageing and longevity will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for them, and to enjoy those processes in good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zabielska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Chair of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Wieder-Huszla
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego Str. 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Knyszyńska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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Ebersole JL, Graves CL, Gonzalez OA, Dawson D, Morford LA, Huja PE, Hartsfield JK, Huja SS, Pandruvada S, Wallet SM. Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:54-75. [PMID: 27501491 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have long been associated with aging, such that this oral condition affects the majority of the adult population over 50 years of age. Although the immune system is a critical component for maintaining health, aging can be characterized by quantitative and qualitative modifications of the immune system. This process, termed 'immunosenescence', is a progressive modification of the immune system that leads to greater susceptibility to infections, neoplasia and autoimmunity, presumably reflecting the prolonged antigenic stimulation and/or stress responses that occur across the lifespan. Interestingly, the global reduction in the host capability to respond effectively to these challenges is coupled with a progressive increase in the general proinflammatory status, termed 'inflammaging'. Consistent with the definition of immunosenescence, it has been suggested that the cumulative effect of prolonged exposure of the periodontium to microbial challenge is, at least in part, a contributor to the effects of aging on these tissues. Thus, it has also been hypothesized that alterations in the function of resident immune and nonimmune cells of the periodontium contribute to the expression of inflammaging in periodontal disease. Although the majority of aging research has focused on the adaptive immune response, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune compartment is also highly affected by aging. Thus, the phenomenon of immunosenescence and inflammaging, expressed as age-associated changes within the periodontium, needs to be more fully understood in this era of precision and personalized medicine and dentistry.
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Santos-Lozano A, Santamarina A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Cristi-Montero C, Bernal-Pino A, Lucia A, Garatachea N. The genetics of exceptional longevity: Insights from centenarians. Maturitas 2016; 90:49-57. [PMID: 27282794 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, so the prevalence increases of individuals aged 100 years or more, known as centenarians. Reaching this age has been described as exceptional longevity (EL) and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Many genetic variations known to affect life expectancy exist in centenarians. This review of studies conducted on centenarians and supercentenarians (older than 110 years) updates knowledge of the impacts on longevity of the twenty most widely investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Erikson GA, Bodian DL, Rueda M, Molparia B, Scott ER, Scott-Van Zeeland AA, Topol SE, Wineinger NE, Niederhuber JE, Topol EJ, Torkamani A. Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Healthy Aging Cohort. Cell 2016; 165:1002-11. [PMID: 27114037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies of long-lived individuals have revealed few genetic mechanisms for protection against age-associated disease. Therefore, we pursued genome sequencing of a related phenotype-healthy aging-to understand the genetics of disease-free aging without medical intervention. In contrast with studies of exceptional longevity, usually focused on centenarians, healthy aging is not associated with known longevity variants, but is associated with reduced genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer and coronary artery disease. Additionally, healthy aging is not associated with a decreased rate of rare pathogenic variants, potentially indicating the presence of disease-resistance factors. In keeping with this possibility, we identify suggestive common and rare variant genetic associations implying that protection against cognitive decline is a genetic component of healthy aging. These findings, based on a relatively small cohort, require independent replication. Overall, our results suggest healthy aging is an overlapping but distinct phenotype from exceptional longevity that may be enriched with disease-protective genetic factors. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Erikson
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Bodian
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA
| | - Manuel Rueda
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bhuvan Molparia
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erick R Scott
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan E Wineinger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric J Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Cypher Genomics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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9
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Wei GZ, Wang F, Zhao YG, Li SS, Shi ML, Gao K, Luo Y, Tang WR. Association of longevity with TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C polymorphic inflammatory biomarkers in Caucasians: a meta-analysis. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 49:706-713. [PMID: 26754162 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-015-0992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in genes encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were previously shown to affect mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the functional promoter regions of TNF-α (G308A) and IL-6 (G174C) are among the most widely studied. OBJECTIVES To determine whether TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C SNPs confer susceptibility to longevity, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate the association between these SNPs and longevity in long-lived individuals (LLI, aged ≥ 80 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies addressing the role of TNF-α and IL-6 SNPs in longevity were identified from the PubMed database. Pooled ORs with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between SNPs and longevity. RESULTS The meta-analysis was based on four studies of TNF-α G308A and nine of IL-6 G174C, covering a total of 2945 LLI individuals and 2992 controls. Overall, no significantly increased risks were observed for G308A [A vs. G (additive model): OR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.79-1.22, p = 0.852; AA + AG vs. GG (dominant model): OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.75-1.24, p = 0.791] or for G174C [C vs. G (additive model): OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 0.94-1.22, p = 0.293; CC + CG vs. GG (dominant model): OR = 1.09, 95 % CI = 0.93-1.28, p = 0.299]. There was no change in the significance when a cutoff age of ≥ 90 years was introduced. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that the TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C SNPs affected the probability of reaching an advanced age in Caucasians, and that they have little effect on delaying the onset and progression of age-related diseases, but this does not rule out the possibility of population-specific effects caused by different genes and/or environmental factors and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Zhong Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue-Guang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Min-Ling Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Ru Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Soerensen M, Dato S, Tan Q, Thinggaard M, Kleindorp R, Beekman M, Suchiman HED, Jacobsen R, McGue M, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, de Craen AJM, Westendorp RGJ, Schreiber S, Slagboom PE, Nebel A, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:487-500. [PMID: 22234866 PMCID: PMC3592963 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the common genetic variation in 16 genes recurrently regarded as candidates for human longevity: APOE; ACE; CETP; HFE; IL6; IL6R; MTHFR; TGFB1; APOA4; APOC3; SIRTs 1, 3, 6; and HSPAs 1A, 1L, 14. In a case-control study of 1,089 oldest-old (ages 92-93) and 736 middle-aged Danes, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs769449 (APOE) was significantly decreased in the oldest-old, while the MAF of rs9923854 (CETP) was significantly enriched. These effects were supported when investigating 1,613 oldest-old (ages 95-110) and 1,104 middle-aged Germans. rs769449 was in modest linkage equilibrium (R (2)=0.55) with rs429358 of the APOE-ε4 haplotype and adjusting for rs429358 eliminated the association of rs769449, indicating that the association likely reflects the well-known effect of rs429358. Gene-based analysis confirmed the effects of variation in APOE and CETP and furthermore pointed to HSPA14 as a longevity gene. In a longitudinal study with 11 years of follow-up on survival in the oldest-old Danes, only one SNP, rs2069827 (IL6), was borderline significantly associated with survival from age 92 (P-corrected=0.064). This advantageous effect of the minor allele was supported when investigating a Dutch longitudinal cohort (N=563) of oldest-old (age 85+). Since rs2069827 was located in a putative transcription factor binding site, quantitative RNA expression studies were conducted. However, no difference in IL6 expression was observed between rs2069827 genotype groups. In conclusion, we here support and expand the evidence suggesting that genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6, and possible HSPA14, is associated with human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark.
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11
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Çoker Gurkan A, Arisan S, Arisan ED, Sönmez NC, Palavan Ünsal N. Association between IL-1RN VNTR, IL-1� -511 and IL-6 (-174, -572, -597) Gene Polymorphisms and Urolithiasis. Urol Int 2013; 91:220-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000345786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Albani D, Mazzuco S, Polito L, Batelli S, Biella G, Ongaro F, Gustafson DR, Antuono P, Gajo G, Durante E, Caberlotto L, Zanardo A, Siculi M, Gallucci M, Forloni G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor polymorphism rs2229765 and circulating interleukin-6 level affect male longevity in a population-based prospective study (Treviso Longeva--TRELONG). Aging Male 2011; 14:257-64. [PMID: 22115178 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2011.607521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling modulation has been associated with increased lifespan in model organisms, while high levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) are a marker of disability and mortality. In the prospective, population-based "Treviso Longeva"--TRELONG Study from Italy (n = 668, age range 70-105.5 years at baseline, followed for seven years) we investigated the effects of survival on the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene polymorphism rs2229765, the IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism rs1800795, and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IL-6, alone or in combination. We found a sex-dependent effect for the IGF-1R rs2229765 polymorphism, as male carriers of the homozygous A/A genotype survived longer, while the IL-6 rs1800795 genotype did not influence overall or sex-specific longevity. Higher IL-6 levels were more detrimental for survival among males than females, while IGF-1 had no dose-response effect. These findings sustain the hypothesis that sex-specific longevity relies on detectable differences in genetic and biochemical parameters between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Berthold HK, Laudes M, Krone W, Gouni-Berthold I. Association between the interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism -174G/C and serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations in humans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24719. [PMID: 21935443 PMCID: PMC3173458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist tocilizumab has been shown to lower serum Lp(a) concentrations. We investigated whether the IL-6 single nucleotide polymorphism -174G/C is associated with baseline serum Lp(a) concentrations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We divided 2321 subjects from the Lipid Analytic Cologne (LIANCO) cohort into 2 groups, the ones with substantially elevated Lp(a), defined as concentrations ≥60 mg/dl (n = 510), and the ones with Lp(a) <60 mg/dl (n = 1811). The association with the genotypes GG (33.7%), GC (50.75%) and CC (15.55%) was investigated. The GC and the CC genotype were associated with a significantly increased odds ratio of having substantially elevated Lp(a) concentrations (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.63, P = 0.02 and OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.93, P = 0.018). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking behavior, body mass index, serum lipoproteins, hypertension and diabetes. Of these covariates, only LDL cholesterol was significantly and independently associated with elevated Lp(a) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The IL-6 single nucleotide polymorphism -174G/C is associated with increased odds of having elevated Lp(a). Whether this association plays a role in the Lp(a)-lowering effects of IL-6 receptor antagonists remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner K Berthold
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Evangelical Geriatrics Center Berlin (EGZB), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
SummaryAgeing is associated with multiple changes in many different components of the immune system. A healthy immune system exists in a state of balance between efficient effector responses against pathogens and tolerance to self antigens. This balance is changed with age; functions such as antigen recognition, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion and killing ability are all compromised. Aberrant cellular responses lead to an altered cytokine network with increases in inflammatory cytokines and decreases in anti-inflammatory cytokines leading to a pro-inflammatory state. Consequently older patients require extra care in diagnosis of infections as symptoms may be perturbed, resulting in unusual presentations of common conditions. The defects in immunity due to immunosenescence also mean that older patients require more care and screening than other patients in the same disease cohort. Though it is generally understood by clinicians that older patients are more at risk from multiple infections, the wider clinical effects of immunosenescence are less understood. The immune system is involved in several neurodegenerative conditions and the inflammatory conditions of immunosenescence may be a key factor in pathogenesis. Similarly, there is reason to believe that immunosenescence might be a key factor explaining the increased incidence of cancer in older age. With increasing understanding of the immune system's involvement in many of these pathological processes, and the contribution that immunosenescence makes to these, more efficient vaccines and novel therapies may be developed to prevent/treat these conditions.
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15
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Riikola A, Sipilä K, Kähönen M, Jula A, Nieminen MS, Moilanen L, Kesäniemi YA, Lehtimäki T, Hulkkonen J. Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism and cardiovascular risk factors: The Health 2000 Survey. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:466-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Albani D, Batelli S, Polito L, Prato F, Pesaresi M, Gajo GB, De Angeli S, Zanardo A, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Gallucci M, Forloni G. Interleukin-6 plasma level increases with age in an Italian elderly population ("The Treviso Longeva"-Trelong-study) with a sex-specific contribution of rs1800795 polymorphism. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 31:155-162. [PMID: 19377912 PMCID: PMC2693733 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-009-9092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The transcription rate of interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be reduced by the C-allele of a polymorphism (rs1800795) located in the 5'-flanking region of the IL-6 gene (NM_000600), and IL-6 plasma levels increase with age. We assembled an elderly Italian population ["The Treviso Longeva (Trelong) study", age range 70-106 years, n = 668 subjects] and assessed rs1800795 genotype and plasma IL-6 concentrations. The rs1800795 genotype was also assessed in an independent Italian study ("Milan" study, age range 70-96, n = 245 subjects). To verify an age- or sex-specific effect of rs1800795 genotype we compared people younger (70-85) and older (85+) than 85 years of age. We found a significant reduction in the frequency of rs1800795 C/C genotype in 85+ men from the Trelong study, while in the Milan study this data did not reach significance. However, considering the two studies together, the frequency of the rs1800795 C/C genotype was significantly lower in 85+ than in 70-85 males (4.0% and 10.7%, respectively), while it remained unchanged in females. As for IL-6 plasma levels, after a multivariate analysis to control for confounders, a correlation between age and plasma IL-6 concentrations was revealed (P < 0.0001). An increase in circulating IL-6 levels in the entire 85+ group compared to the 70-85 group (P < 0.05, Tukey's test) was also noticed. We suggest a sex-specific pattern for genetic variability linked to inflammatory response and longevity, consistent with the age-related increase in IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Batelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Prato
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Pesaresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Gajo
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Trasfusional Center Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Sergio De Angeli
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Trasfusional Center Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanardo
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Treviso General Hospital, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Di Bona D, Vasto S, Capurso C, Christiansen L, Deiana L, Franceschi C, Hurme M, Mocchegiani E, Rea M, Lio D, Candore G, Caruso C. Effect of interleukin-6 polymorphisms on human longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:36-42. [PMID: 18930842 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have assessed changes in frequency of -174 interleukin (IL)-6 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with age. If IL-6 tracks with disability and age-related diseases, then there should be reduction, in the oldest old, of the frequency of homozygous GG subjects, who produce higher IL-6 levels. However, discordant results have been obtained. To explore the relationship between this polymorphism and longevity, we analyzed individual data on long-living subjects and controls from eight case-control studies conducted in Europeans, using meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 genotype between the oldest old and controls (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% C.I.: 0.77-1.20; p=0.71), but there was significant between-study heterogeneity (I2=55.5%). In a subgroup analyses when male centenarians from the three Italian studies were included, the frequency of the IL-6 -174 GG genotype was significantly lower than the other genotypes (OR=0.49; 95% C.I.: 0.31-0.80; p=0.004), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2=0%). Our data supports a negative association between the GG genotype of IL-6 SNP and longevity in Italian centenarians, with males who carry the genotype being two times less likely to reach extreme old age compared with subjects carrying CC or CG genotypes. These findings were not replicated in other European groups suggesting a possible interaction between genetics, sex and environment in reaching longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Di Bona
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Hulkkonen J, Lehtimäki T, Mononen N, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Taittonen L, Marniemi J, Nieminen T, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Kähönen M. Polymorphism in the IL6 promoter region is associated with the risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in men: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Atherosclerosis 2008; 203:454-8. [PMID: 18774574 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory factors modify the risk of coronary heart disease. Promoter region genetic polymorphism of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6 -174 G>C) is associated with the variation of IL-6 production. We investigated whether IL6 -174 G>C associates with the risk factors of atherosclerosis and carotid artery compliance (CAC) in young subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS As part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, we performed carotid artery ultrasound examinations, IL6 -174 G>C genotyping and coronary heart disease risk factor determination for 2228 subjects aged 24-39 years. In men CAC was higher for IL6 -174 GG (2.10+/-0.65) than for GC (2.00+/-0.68) or CC (1.95+/-0.63, %/10mmHg, mean+/-S.D., p=0.0221). A similar association was observed for HDL cholesterol (GG 1.22+/-0.29, GC 1.15+/-0.27 and CC 1.14+/-0.28mmol/L, p=0.0015) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) (GG 1.44+/-0.21, GC 1.40+/-0.20, CC 1.38+/-0.21mmol/L, p=0.0118). The opposite genotype effect was present in systolic (GG 127+/-13.1, GC 129+/-13.1, CC 130+/-14.3mmHg, p=0.0382) and diastolic blood pressure (GG 73.8+/-9.14, GC 75.1+/-8.68, CC 75.9+/-9.70mmHg, p=0.0374). The genetic effect size for these parameters was not significant in women. CONCLUSIONS IL6 -174 allele G homozygozity associates with beneficial profile of early predictors of atherosclerosis such as high CAC, HDL-C and apoA1 as well as low systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hulkkonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
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Arai T, Sawabe M, Hosoi T, Tanaka N. Role of DNA repair systems in malignant tumor development in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2008; 8:65-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Mocchegiani E, Giacconi R, Costarelli L, Muti E, Cipriano C, Tesei S, Pierpaoli S, Giuli C, Papa R, Marcellini F, Gasparini N, Pierandrei R, Piacenza F, Mariani E, Monti D, Dedoussis G, Kanoni S, Herbein G, Fulop T, Rink L, Jajte J, Malavolta M. Zinc deficiency and IL-6 −174G/C polymorphism in old people from different European countries: Effect of zinc supplementation. ZINCAGE study. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:433-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Capurso C, Solfrizzi V, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Capurso SA, Semeraro C, Capurso A, Panza F. Interleukin 6 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Gene Polymorphism in Centenarians. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:843-8. [PMID: 17506774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent population-based studies identified the magnitude of interleukin 6 (IL6) serum levels as a marker for functional disability, and a predictor of disability and mortality among the elderly. We investigated whether there was evidence in Southern Italy of an association between the IL6 gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and extreme longevity, and tested for the possible interaction of apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles with the IL6 VNTR alleles. Four alleles coding for variants of four different lengths have been identified: allele A [760 base pairs (bp)], allele B (680 bp), allele C (640 bp), and allele D (610 bp). IL6 VNTR and APOE allele and genotype frequencies were studied in a total of 61 centenarians and 94 middle-aged subjects from Southern Italy. The IL6 VNTR allele B was overrepresented in the younger control group compared with centenarians (odds ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.88, Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). No interactions between IL6 VNTR alleles and APOE alleles on the odds ratios to reach extreme longevity were evaluated for the smallest number of subjects in centenarians and younger controls. Our findings suggested that the presence of the IL6 VNTR allele B could be detrimental for reaching extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capurso
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.
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22
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Hurme M, Kivimäki M, Pertovaara M, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Jylhä M, Hervonen A, Eklund C. CRP gene is involved in the regulation of human longevity: a follow-up study in Finnish nonagenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 128:574-6. [PMID: 17765290 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many disease conditions in humans and it is frequently quantified by measuring the blood concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). Here we show that the CRP concentration in old people (nonagenarians) is, at least partially, genetically determined, and that the high producer genotype is associated with a shorter life expectancy during follow-up. Thus, the data imply that the CRP gene may be a longevity gene in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hurme
- University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
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23
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Hurme M, Korkki S, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Jylhä M, Hervonen A, Pertovaara M. Autoimmunity and longevity: Presence of antinuclear antibodies is not associated with the rate of inflammation or mortality in nonagenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 128:407-8. [PMID: 17467040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are reports demonstrating elevated levels of autoantibodies in elderly people. We now analyzed whether the strong inflammatory response associated with aging is interrelated with the production of autoantibodies, antinuclear antibodies (ANA). In a cohort of 284 nonagenarians the rate of ANA positivity was 12.3%, which is significantly (p<0.001) higher than that in the middle-aged controls (2.8%). The mortality data of this cohort was collected after a 4-year follow-up. The ANA positivity at the age of 90 did not have any effect on the rate of survival, or on the levels of serum markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere Medical School, Finland.
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24
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Salvioli S, Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Cardelli M, Santoro A, Bellavista E, Mishto M, Invidia L, Capri M, Valensin S, Sevini F, Cevenini E, Celani L, Lescai F, Gonos E, Caruso C, Paolisso G, De Benedictis G, Monti D, Franceschi C. Genes, ageing and longevity in humans: problems, advantages and perspectives. Free Radic Res 2007; 40:1303-23. [PMID: 17090420 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600917136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological data indicate the presence of a strong familial component of longevity that is largely determined by genetics, and a number of possible associations between longevity and allelic variants of genes have been described. A breakthrough strategy to get insight into the genetics of longevity is the study of centenarians, the best example of successful ageing. We review the main results regarding nuclear genes as well as the mitochondrial genome, focusing on the investigations performed on Italian centenarians, compared to those from other countries. These studies produced interesting results on many putative "longevity genes". Nevertheless, many discrepancies are reported, likely due to the population-specific interactions between gene pools and environment. New approaches, including large-scale studies using high-throughput techniques, are urgently needed to overcome the limits of traditional association studies performed on a limited number of polymorphisms in order to make substantial progress to disentangle the genetics of a trait as complex as human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salvioli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Willcox DC, Willcox BJ, Hsueh WC, Suzuki M. Genetic determinants of exceptional human longevity: insights from the Okinawa Centenarian Study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 28:313-32. [PMID: 22253498 PMCID: PMC3259160 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-006-9020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians represent a rare phenotype appearing in roughly 10-20 per 100,000 persons in most industrialized countries but as high as 40-50 per 100,000 persons in Okinawa, Japan. Siblings of centenarians in Okinawa have been found to have cumulative survival advantages such that female centenarian siblings have a 2.58-fold likelihood and male siblings a 5.43-fold likelihood (versus their birth cohorts) of reaching the age of 90 years. This is indicative of a strong familial component to longevity. Centenarians may live such extraordinarily long lives in large part due to genetic variations that either affect the rate of aging and/or have genes that result in decreased susceptibility to age-associated diseases. Some of the most promising candidate genes appear to be those involved in regulatory pathways such as insulin signaling, immunoinflammatory response, stress resistance or cardiovascular function. Although gene variants with large beneficial effects have been suggested to exist, only APOE, an important regulator of lipoproteins has been consistently associated with a longer human lifespan across numerous populations. As longevity is a very complex trait, several issues challenge our ability to identify its genetic influences, such as control for environmental confounders across time, the lack of precise phenotypes of aging and longevity, statistical power, study design and availability of appropriate study populations. Genetic studies on the Okinawan population suggest that Okinawans are a genetically distinct group that has several characteristics of a founder population, including less genetic diversity, and clustering of specific gene variants, some of which may be related to longevity. Further work on this population and other genetic isolates would be of significant interest to the genetics of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Craig Willcox
- College of Nursing, Okinawa Prefectural University, 1-24-1 Yogi, Naha City, Okinawa Japan 902-0076
- Pacific Health Research Institute, 846 South Hotel Street, Suite 301, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Pacific Health Research Institute, 846 South Hotel Street, Suite 301, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1356 Lusitana Street, 7F, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 74 New Montgomery Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA
- 2200 Post Street, C433, San Francisco, CA 94143-1640 USA
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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26
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Tan Q, Kruse TA, Christensen K. Design and analysis in genetic studies of human ageing and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2006; 5:371-87. [PMID: 16337437 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the success of the Human Genome Project and taking advantage of the recent developments in high-throughput genotyping techniques as well as in functional genomics, it is now feasible to collect vast quantities of genetic data with the aim of deciphering the genetics of human complex traits. As a result, the amount of research on human ageing and longevity has been growing rapidly in recent years. The situation raises questions concerning efficient choice of study population, sampling schemes, and methods of data analysis. In this article, we summarize the key issues in genetic studies of human ageing and longevity ranging from research design to statistical analyses. We discuss the virtues and drawbacks of the multidisciplinary approaches including the population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies, family-based linkage analysis, and functional genomics studies. Different analytical approaches are illustrated with their performances compared. In addition, important research topics are highlighted together with experiment design and data analyzing issues to serve as references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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27
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Cozen W, Gebregziabher M, Conti DV, Van Den Berg DJ, Coetzee GA, Wang SS, Rothman N, Bernstein L, Hartge P, Morhbacher A, Coetzee SG, Salam MT, Wang W, Zadnick J, Ingles SA. Interleukin-6-Related Genotypes, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:2285-91. [PMID: 17119059 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes normal plasma cell development and proliferation of myeloma cells in culture. We evaluated IL-6 genotypes and body mass index (BMI) in a case-control study of multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. DNA samples and questionnaires were obtained from incident cases of multiple myeloma (n = 134) and plasmacytoma (n = 16; plasma cell neoplasms) ascertained from the Los Angeles County population-based cancer registry and from siblings or cousins of cases (family controls, n = 112) and population controls (n = 126). Genotypes evaluated included IL-6 promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at positions -174, -572, and -597; one variable number of tandem repeats (-373 A(n)T(n)); and one SNP in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6ralpha) gene at position -358. The variant allele of the IL-6 promoter SNP -572 was associated with a roughly 2-fold increased risk of plasma cell neoplasms when cases were compared with family [odds ratio (OR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.7-4.7] or population controls (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7). The -373 9A/9A genotype was associated with a decreased risk compared with the most common genotype (OR for cases versus family controls, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.7; OR for cases versus population controls, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). No other SNPs were associated with risk. Obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2)) increased risk nonsignificantly by 40% and 80% when cases were compared with family controls or population controls, respectively, relative to persons with a BMI of <25 kg/m(2). These results suggest that IL-6 promoter genotypes may be associated with increased risk of plasma cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MC 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA.
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28
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Christensen K, Johnson TE, Vaupel JW. The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights. Nat Rev Genet 2006; 7:436-48. [PMID: 16708071 PMCID: PMC2726954 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twin studies show that genetic differences account for about a quarter of the variance in adult human lifespan. Common polymorphisms that have a modest effect on lifespan have been identified in one gene, APOE, providing hope that other genetic determinants can be uncovered. However, although variants with substantial beneficial effects have been proposed to exist and several candidates have been put forward, their effects have yet to be confirmed. Human studies of longevity face numerous theoretical and logistical challenges, as the determinants of lifespan are extraordinarily complex. However, large-scale linkage studies of long-lived families, longitudinal candidate-gene association studies and the development of analytical methods provide the potential for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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29
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Pertovaara M, Raitala A, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Oja SS, Jylhä M, Hervonen A, Hurme M. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in nonagenarians is markedly increased and predicts mortality. Mech Ageing Dev 2006; 127:497-9. [PMID: 16513157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme degrading tryptophan (trp) to kynurenine (kyn), suppresses T cell activity. Ageing of the immune system, immunosenescence, includes a decline in T cell function. We therefore sought to establish whether IDO activity is involved in immunosenescence and whether it predicts mortality in aged subjects. We measured kyn/trp, reflecting IDO activity, in 284 nonagenarians and 309 blood donor controls. IDO activity was significantly higher in nonagenarians compared with controls and IDO activity at study entry predicted subsequent mortality in nonagenarians. Thus, increased IDO activity might be a mechanism involved in the decline of T cell responses in immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pertovaara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere, Medical School, Finland.
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30
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Tan Q, Christiansen L, Bathum L, Li S, Kruse TA, Christensen K. Genetic association analysis of human longevity in cohort studies of elderly subjects: an example of the PON1 gene in the Danish 1905 birth cohort. Genetics 2006; 172:1821-8. [PMID: 16387878 PMCID: PMC1456297 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the case-control or the cross-sectional design has been popular in genetic association studies of human longevity, such a design is prone to false positive results due to sampling bias and a potential secular trend in gene-environment interactions. To avoid these problems, the cohort or follow-up study design has been recommended. With the observed individual survival information, the Cox regression model has been used for single-locus data analysis. In this article, we present a novel survival analysis model that combines population survival with individual genotype and phenotype information in assessing the genetic association with human longevity in cohort studies. By monitoring the changes in the observed genotype frequencies over the follow-up period in a birth cohort, we are able to assess the effects of the genotypes and/or haplotypes on individual survival. With the estimated parameters, genotype- and/or haplotype-specific survival and hazard functions can be calculated without any parametric assumption on the survival distribution. In addition, our model estimates haplotype frequencies in a birth cohort over the follow-up time, which is not observable in the multilocus genotype data. A computer simulation study was conducted to specifically assess the performance and power of our haplotype-based approach for given risk and frequency parameters under different sample sizes. Application of our method to paraoxonase 1 genotype data detected a haplotype that significantly reduces carriers' hazard of death and thus reveals and stresses the important role of genetic variation in maintaining human survival at advanced ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
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31
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Abstract
It has been recognized for some time that cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are, to a major extent, inflammatory disorders associated with an environment characterized by a sedentary lifestyle together with abundant intakes of calories. Systemic low-level inflammation is suggested to be a cause as well as consequence of pathological processes with local tumor necrosis factor alpha production as an important biological driver. It is hypothesized that physical inactivity contributes to an enhanced proinflammatory burden independently of obesity, as regular muscle contractions mediate signals with myokines/cytokines as important messengers, which suppress proinflammatory activity at distant sites as well as within skeletal muscle. Muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is considered to possess a central role in anti-inflammatory activities and health beneficial effects in relation to physical exercise. It is discussed how this fits the consistent observation that enhanced plasma levels of IL-6 represent a strong risk marker in chronic disorders associated with systemic low-level inflammation and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Bruunsgaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark.
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32
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Nordfors L, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. End-stage renal disease--not an equal opportunity disease: the role of genetic polymorphisms. J Intern Med 2005; 258:1-12. [PMID: 15953127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of development in renal replacement therapy, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients continue to have markedly increased morbidity and mortality especially caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). This shows that current strategies, e.g. the focus on dialysis adequacy, to improve the clinical outcome in ESRD patients have to be complemented by novel approaches. Although traditional risk factors are common in dialysis patients they cannot alone explain the unacceptably high prevalence of CVD in this patient group. Much recent interest has therefore focused on the role of various nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as inflammation, vascular calcification and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that genetic factors, such as DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms, may significantly influence the immune response, the levels of inflammatory markers, as well as the prevalence of atherosclerosis in this patient group. To elucidate the respective roles of DNA polymorphisms in genes that encode inflammatory markers (such as IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and other factors that may affect the development of atherosclerosis (such as apolipoprotein E, transforming growth factor and fetuin-A), sufficiently powered studies are needed in which genotype, the protein product and the specific phenotype all are analysed in relation to outcome. The recent developments in the field of genetics have opened up entirely new possibilities to understand the impact of genotype on disease development and progress and thus offer new options and strategies for treatment. It seems conceivable that in the near future, prognostic or predictive multigene DNA assays will provide the nephrological community with a more precise approach for the identification of "high-risk" ESRD patients and the development of accurate individual treatment strategies. For this purpose, integrative studies on genotype-phenotype associations and impact on clinical outcome are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nordfors
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Hurme M, Paavilainen PM, Pertovaara M, Jylhä M, Karhunen PJ, Hervonen A, Lehtimäki T. IgA levels are predictors of mortality in Finnish nonagenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:829-31. [PMID: 15888338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that in obviously healthy, very old people increased levels of inflammatory markers as well as some defects in T lymphocyte populations are strong predictors of mortality. Very little is known about the role of possible functional defects in antibody formation. To examine this, we now measured IgM, IgG and IgA concentrations in a cohort of 285 nonagenarians (67 males, 218 females). IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher than those of healthy middle-aged controls. The analyzed serum samples were taken at the age of 90-91 years. After 4 years, 20 males and 94 females had survived. To analyze the role in predicting mortality, the immunoglobulin data (as well as the measured CRP and IL-6 concentrations) were stratified according to this survival data. IgA levels (and CRP and IL-6 levels) were clearly higher in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors. These data imply that elevated serum IgA level, i.e. indicator of intestinal inflammation and/or defect in mucosal defence, is a strong mortality predicting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
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