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DuMez-Kornegay RN, Baker LS, Morris AJ, DeLoach WLM, Dowen RH. Kombucha Tea-associated microbes remodel host metabolic pathways to suppress lipid accumulation. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011003. [PMID: 38547054 PMCID: PMC10977768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The popularity of the ancient, probiotic-rich beverage Kombucha Tea (KT) has surged in part due to its purported health benefits, which include protection against metabolic diseases; however, these claims have not been rigorously tested and the mechanisms underlying host response to the probiotics in KT are unknown. Here, we establish a reproducible method to maintain C. elegans on a diet exclusively consisting of Kombucha Tea-associated microbes (KTM), which mirrors the microbial community found in the fermenting culture. KT microbes robustly colonize the gut of KTM-fed animals and confer normal development and fecundity. Intriguingly, animals consuming KTMs display a marked reduction in total lipid stores and lipid droplet size. We find that the reduced fat accumulation phenotype is not due to impaired nutrient absorption, but rather it is sustained by a programed metabolic response in the intestine of the host. KTM consumption triggers widespread transcriptional changes within core lipid metabolism pathways, including upregulation of a suite of lysosomal lipase genes that are induced during lipophagy. The elevated lysosomal lipase activity, coupled with a decrease in lipid droplet biogenesis, is partially required for the reduction in host lipid content. We propose that KTM consumption stimulates a fasting-like response in the C. elegans intestine by rewiring transcriptional programs to promote lipid utilization. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how the probiotics in Kombucha Tea reshape host metabolism and how this popular beverage may impact human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. DuMez-Kornegay
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lillian S. Baker
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexis J. Morris
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Whitney L. M. DeLoach
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Dowen
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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2
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Tumbapo S, Strudwick A, Stastna JJ, Harvey SC, Bloemink MJ. Moderate dietary restriction delays the onset of age-associated sarcopenia in Caenorhabditis elegans due to reduced myosin UNC-54 degradation. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111900. [PMID: 38163472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a major component of frailty in the elderly, with age, (lack of) exercise and diet found to be the major risk factors. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model of sarcopenia. Although many studies describe loss of muscle function in ageing C. elegans, surprisingly few report on the loss of muscle mass. Here, in order to quantify loss of muscle mass under various dietary restriction (DR) conditions, we used an internal GFP standard to determine levels of the major body wall muscle myosin (UNC-54) in transgenic unc-54::gfp worms over their lifespan. Myosin density linearly increased during the first week of adulthood and there was no significant effect of DR. In contrast, an exponential decrease in myosin density was seen during the second week of adulthood, with reduced rates of myosin loss for mild and medium DR compared to control. UNC-54 turnover rates, previously determined using pulse-labelling methods, correspond well with the t1/2 value found here for UNC-54-GFP using fluorescence (control t1/2 = 12.0 days), independently validating our approach. These data indicate that sarcopenia is delayed in worms under mild and medium DR due to a reduced rate of myosin UNC-54 degradation, thereby maintaining protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Tumbapo
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Strudwick
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jana J Stastna
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Harvey
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom; Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke J Bloemink
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom.
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3
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Hahm JH, Seo HD, Jung CH, Ahn J. Longevity through diet restriction and immunity. BMB Rep 2023; 56:537-544. [PMID: 37482753 PMCID: PMC10618078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The share of the population that is aging is growing rapidly. In an aging society, technologies and interventions that delay the aging process are of great interest. Dietary restriction (DR) is the most reproducible and effective nutritional intervention tested to date for delaying the aging process and prolonging the health span in animal models. Preventive effects of DR on age-related diseases have also been reported in human. In addition, highly conserved signaling pathways from small animal models to human mediate the effects of DR. Recent evidence has shown that the immune system is closely related to the effects of DR, and functions as a major mechanism of DR in healthy aging. This review discusses the effects of DR in delaying aging and preventing age-related diseases in animal, including human, and introduces the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. In addition, it reports scientific findings on the relationship between the immune system and DRinduced longevity. The review highlights the role of immunity as a potential mediator of the effects of DR on longevity, and provides insights into healthy aging in human. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 537-544].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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4
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DiVito D, Wellik A, Burfield J, Peterson J, Flickinger J, Tindall A, Albanowski K, Vishnubhatt S, MacMullen L, Martin I, Muraresku C, McCormick E, George-Sankoh I, McCormack S, Goldstein A, Ganetzky R, Yudkoff M, Xiao R, Falk MJ, R Mascarenhas M, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z. Optimized Nutrition in Mitochondrial Disease Correlates to Improved Muscle Fatigue, Strength, and Quality of Life. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1723-1745. [PMID: 37723406 PMCID: PMC10684455 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to prospectively characterize the nutritional status of adults ≥ 19 years (n = 22, 27% males) and children (n = 38, 61% male) with genetically-confirmed primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) to guide development of precision nutritional support strategies to be tested in future clinical trials. We excluded subjects who were exclusively tube-fed. Daily caloric requirements were estimated using World Health Organization (WHO) equations to predict resting energy expenditure (REE) multiplied by an activity factor (AF) based on individual activity levels. We developed a Mitochondrial Disease Activity Factors (MOTIVATOR) score to encompass the impact of muscle fatigue typical of PMD on physical activity levels. PMD cohort daily diet intake was estimated to be 1,143 ± 104.1 kcal in adults (mean ± SEM, 76.2% of WHO-MOTIVATOR predicted requirement), and 1,114 ± 62.3 kcal in children (86.4% predicted). A total of 11/22 (50%) adults and 18/38 (47.4%) children with PMD consumed ≤ 75% predicted daily Kcal needs. Malnutrition was identified in 16/60 (26.7%) PMD subjects. Increased protein and fat intake correlated with improved muscle strength in those with insufficient daily Kcal intake (≤ 75% predicted); higher protein and fat intake correlated with decreased muscle fatigue; and higher protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake correlated with improved quality of life (QoL). These data demonstrate the frequent occurrence of malnutrition in PMD and emphasize the critical need to devise nutritional interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna DiVito
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Wellik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Burfield
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Flickinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Tindall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Albanowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shailee Vishnubhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura MacMullen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen Muraresku
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCormick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim George-Sankoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ganetzky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc Yudkoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria R Mascarenhas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Doering KRS, Ermakova G, Taubert S. Nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 is an essential regulator of stress resilience and healthy aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241591. [PMID: 37645565 PMCID: PMC10461480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes 284 nuclear hormone receptor, which perform diverse functions in development and physiology. One of the best characterized of these is NHR-49, related in sequence and function to mammalian hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Initially identified as regulator of lipid metabolism, including fatty acid catabolism and desaturation, additional important roles for NHR-49 have since emerged. It is an essential contributor to longevity in several genetic and environmental contexts, and also plays vital roles in the resistance to several stresses and innate immune response to infection with various bacterial pathogens. Here, we review how NHR-49 is integrated into pertinent signaling circuits and how it achieves its diverse functions. We also highlight areas for future investigation including identification of regulatory inputs that drive NHR-49 activity and identification of tissue-specific gene regulatory outputs. We anticipate that future work on this protein will provide information that could be useful for developing strategies to age-associated declines in health and age-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie R. S. Doering
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glafira Ermakova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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7
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Wang Q, Wu J, Huang J, Yang L, Tao J, Nie J, Zhao J, Wang YN. Cremastra appendiculata polysaccharides improve stress resistance and prolong the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16 in the insulin signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:496-506. [PMID: 36581039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cremastra appendiculata polysaccharide (CAP) exhibits potential anti-aging and stress resistance effects. In this study, we investigated the structure, antioxidant properties, and mechanism of action of CAP in Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that CAP primarily comprises mannose and glucose and exerts antioxidant activity in vitro. In vivo, CAP prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans in a concentration-dependent manner, with 2.0 mg/mL CAP prolonging the lifespan by 39.97 %. Compared with the control, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes increased by 46 % and 57 %, respectively. However, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents decreased by 38 % and 19.92 %, respectively, at the same CAP concentration, oxidative and heat stress resistance increased. The target genes of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, daf-16, sod-3, ctl-1, and hsp-16.2, were activated by CAP; their mRNA expression levels were upregulated by 7.23 %, 69.78 %, 43.62 %, and 58.62 %, respectively. A transgenic worm assay indicated that CAP regulates the lifespan of C. elegans through daf-16. These results suggest that CAP improves stress resistance and prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans through daf-16 in the insulin/IGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jingsong Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jin Tao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jintao Nie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
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8
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Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021173. [PMID: 36674689 PMCID: PMC9860639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
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Chen H, Li R, Zhao F, Luan L, Han T, Li Z. Betulinic acid increases lifespan and stress resistance via insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960239. [PMID: 35967806 PMCID: PMC9372536 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies reported that betulinic acid (BA), a natural product extracted from birch bark, exhibited various beneficial effects in vitro. However, its pharmacological activities in aging are rarely understood. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was deployed as a whole animal model to investigate the impacts of BA on lifespan and stress resistance. Wild-type C. elegans were fed in the presence or absence of BA and tested for a series of phenotypes, including longevity, mobility, reproductive capacity, pharyngeal pumping, heat stress, and oxidative stress. BA at the optimal dose (50 μg/mL) extended the lifespan, improved the healthspan, and significantly evoked the increased oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans. Incorporating the genetic analysis with different types of longevity mutants, DAF-16, the downstream effector of the Insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling, was revealed to mediate the protective effects of BA on lifespan and antioxidant activity. Together, these data showcased the potential of BA in promoting healthy aging, which shall facilitate its further development in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongji Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Luan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
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Hodge F, Bajuszova V, van Oosten-Hawle P. The Intestine as a Lifespan- and Proteostasis-Promoting Signaling Tissue. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:897741. [PMID: 35821863 PMCID: PMC9261303 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.897741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, cellular stress stimuli and responses are communicated between tissues to promote organismal health- and lifespan. The nervous system is the predominant regulator of cell nonautonomous proteostasis that orchestrates systemic stress responses to integrate both internal and external stimuli. This review highlights the role of the intestine in mediating cell nonautonomous stress responses and explores recent findings that suggest a central role for the intestine to regulate organismal proteostasis. As a tissue that receives and further transduces signals from the nervous system in response to dietary restriction, heat- and oxidative stress, and hypoxia, we explore evidence suggesting the intestine is a key regulatory organ itself. From the perspective of naturally occurring stressors such as dietary restriction and pathogen infection we highlight how the intestine can function as a key regulator of organismal proteostasis by integrating insulin/IGF-like signaling, miRNA-, neuropeptide- and metabolic signaling to alter distal tissue functions in promoting survival, health- and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Hodge
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoria Bajuszova
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Hu R, Zhang Y, Qian W, Leng Y, Long Y, Liu X, Li J, Wan X, Wei X. Pediococcus acidilactici Promotes the Longevity of C. elegans by Regulating the Insulin/IGF-1 and JNK/MAPK Signaling, Fat Accumulation and Chloride Ion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821685. [PMID: 35433778 PMCID: PMC9010657 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known to contribute to the anti-oxidation, immunoregulation, and aging delay. Here, we investigated the extension of lifespan by fermented pickles-origin Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and found that PA promoted a significantly extended longevity of wild-type C. elegans. The further results revealed that PA regulated the longevity via promoting the insulin/IGF-1 signaling, JNK/MAPK signaling but not TOR signaling in C. elegans, and that PA reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulated expression of genes involved in fatty acids uptake and lipolysis, thus reducing the fat accumulation in C. elegans. Moreover, this study identified the nrfl-1 as the key regulator of the PA-mediated longevity, and the nrfl-1/daf-18 signaling might be activated. Further, we highlighted the roles of one chloride ion exchanger gene sulp-6 in the survival of C. elegans and other two chloride ion channel genes clh-1 and clh-4 in the prolonged lifespan by PA-feeding through the modulating expression of genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, these findings reveal the detailed and novel molecular mechanisms on the longevity of C. elegans promoted by PA.
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12
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Nair T, Chakraborty R, Singh P, Rahman SS, Bhaskar AK, Sengupta S, Mukhopadhyay A. Adaptive capacity to dietary Vitamin B12 levels is maintained by a gene-diet interaction that ensures optimal life span. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13518. [PMID: 35032420 PMCID: PMC8761004 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet regulates complex life-history traits such as longevity. For optimal lifespan, organisms employ intricate adaptive mechanisms whose molecular underpinnings are less known. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans FLR-4 kinase prevents lifespan differentials on the bacterial diet having higher Vitamin B12 levels. The flr-4 mutants are more responsive to the higher B12 levels of Escherichia coli HT115 diet, and consequently, have enhanced flux through the one-carbon cycle. Mechanistically, a higher level of B12 transcriptionally downregulates the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase pmt-2 gene, which modulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels. Pmt-2 downregulation activates cytoprotective gene expression through the p38-MAPK pathway, leading to increased lifespan only in the mutant. Evidently, preventing bacterial B12 uptake or inhibiting one-carbon metabolism reverses all the above phenotypes. Conversely, supplementation of B12 to E. coli OP50 or genetically reducing PC levels in the OP50-fed mutant extends lifespan. Together, we reveal how worms maintain adaptive capacity to diets having varying micronutrient content to ensure a normal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rahul Chakraborty
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Akash Kumar Bhaskar
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
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13
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Charar C, Metsuyanim-Cohen S, Bar DZ. Lamin regulates the dietary restriction response via the mTOR pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272061. [PMID: 34383046 PMCID: PMC8445603 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals subjected to dietary restriction (DR) have reduced body size, low fecundity, slower development, lower fat content and longer life span. We identified lamin as a regulator of multiple dietary restriction phenotypes. Downregulation of lmn-1, the single Caenorhabditis elegans lamin gene, increased animal size and fat content specifically in DR animals. The LMN-1 protein acts in the mTOR pathway, upstream of RAPTOR and S6 kinase β1 (S6K), a key component of and target of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), respectively. DR excludes the mTORC1 activator RAGC-1 from the nucleus. Downregulation of lmn-1 restores RAGC-1 to the nucleus, a necessary step for the activation of the mTOR pathway. These findings further link lamin to metabolic regulation. Summary: Downregulation of the single C. elegans lamin gene increases animal size and fat content specifically in dietary restricted animals. The lamin protein acts in the mTOR pathway to regulate these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayki Charar
- The School of Dental Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Z Bar
- The School of Dental Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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14
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Giacomello E, Toniolo L. The Potential of Calorie Restriction and Calorie Restriction Mimetics in Delaying Aging: Focus on Experimental Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:2346. [PMID: 34371855 PMCID: PMC8308705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined by multiple cellular mechanisms, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, that ultimately concur in the functional decline of the individual. The evidence that the old population is steadily increasing and will triplicate in the next 50 years, together with the fact the elderlies are more prone to develop pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and degenerative disorders, stimulates an important effort in finding specific countermeasures. Calorie restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to modulate nutrient sensing mechanisms, inducing a better metabolic profile, enhanced stress resistance, reduced oxidative stress, and improved inflammatory response. Therefore, CR and CR-mimetics have been suggested as powerful means to slow aging and extend healthy life-span in experimental models and humans. Taking into consideration the difficulties and ethical issues in performing aging research and testing anti-aging interventions in humans, researchers initially need to work with experimental models. The present review reports the major experimental models utilized in the study of CR and CR-mimetics, highlighting their application in the laboratory routine, and their translation to human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Choi LS, Shi C, Ashraf J, Sohrabi S, Murphy CT. Oleic Acid Protects Caenorhabditis Mothers From Mating-Induced Death and the Cost of Reproduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690373. [PMID: 34179018 PMCID: PMC8226236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction comes at a cost, including accelerated death. Previous studies of the interconnections between reproduction, lifespan, and fat metabolism in C. elegans were predominantly performed in low-reproduction conditions. To understand how increased reproduction affects lifespan and fat metabolism, we examined mated worms; we find that a Δ9 desaturase, FAT-7, is significantly up-regulated. Dietary supplementation of oleic acid (OA), the immediate downstream product of FAT-7 activity, restores fat storage and completely rescues mating-induced death, while other fatty acids cannot. OA-mediated lifespan restoration is also observed in C. elegans mutants suffering increased death from short-term mating, and in mated C. remanei females, indicating a conserved role of oleic acid in post-mating lifespan regulation. Our results suggest that increased reproduction can be uncoupled from the costs of reproduction from somatic longevity regulation if provided with the limiting lipid, oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo S Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Cheng Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jasmine Ashraf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Salman Sohrabi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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16
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Pees B, Yang W, Kloock A, Petersen C, Peters L, Fan L, Friedrichsen M, Butze S, Zárate-Potes A, Schulenburg H, Dierking K. Effector and regulator: Diverse functions of C. elegans C-type lectin-like domain proteins. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009454. [PMID: 33793670 PMCID: PMC8051790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In C. elegans, 283 clec genes encode a highly diverse family of C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) proteins. Since vertebrate CTLD proteins have characterized functions in defense responses against pathogens and since expression of C. elegans clec genes is pathogen-dependent, it is generally assumed that clec genes function in C. elegans immune defenses. However, little is known about the relative contribution and exact function of CLEC proteins in C. elegans immunity. Here, we focused on the C. elegans clec gene clec-4, whose expression is highly upregulated by pathogen infection, and its paralogs clec-41 and clec-42. We found that, while mutation of clec-4 resulted in enhanced resistance to the Gram-positive pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis MYBt18247 (Bt247), inactivation of clec-41 and clec-42 by RNAi enhanced susceptibility to Bt247. Further analyses revealed that enhanced resistance of clec-4 mutants to Bt247 was due to an increase in feeding cessation on the pathogen and consequently a decrease in pathogen load. Moreover, clec-4 mutants exhibited feeding deficits also on non-pathogenic bacteria that were in part reflected in the clec-4 gene expression profile, which overlapped with gene sets affected by starvation or mutation in nutrient sensing pathways. However, loss of CLEC-4 function only mildly affected life-history traits such as fertility, indicating that clec-4 mutants are not subjected to dietary restriction. While CLEC-4 function appears to be associated with the regulation of feeding behavior, we show that CLEC-41 and CLEC-42 proteins likely function as bona fide immune effector proteins that have bacterial binding and antimicrobial capacities. Together, our results exemplify functional diversification within clec gene paralogs. C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) containing proteins fulfill various and fundamental tasks in the human and mouse immune system. Genes encoding CTLD proteins are present in all animal genomes, in some cases in very large numbers and highly diversified. While the function of several vertebrate CTLD proteins is well characterized, experimental evidence of an immune function of most invertebrate CTLD proteins is missing, although their role in immunity is usually assumed. We here explore the immune function of three related CTLD proteins in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that they play diverse roles in C. elegans immunity, functioning as antimicrobial immune effector proteins that are important for defense against pathogen infection and probably directly interact with bacteria, but also regulators of feeding behavior that more indirectly affect C. elegans pathogen resistance. Such insight into the functional consequence of invertebrate CTLD protein diversification contributes to our understanding of the evolution of innate and invertebrate immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pees
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Comparative Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Kloock
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carola Petersen
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Comparative Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Peters
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Friedrichsen
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Butze
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alejandra Zárate-Potes
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hinrich Schulenburg
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany
| | - Katja Dierking
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lim HJ, Han YT, Ahn JH, Jeon YD, Jeon H, Cha DS. Longevity effects of hispidol in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biofactors 2020; 46:1041-1048. [PMID: 33179346 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the longevity effects of hispidol, a 6,4'-dihydroxyaurone, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Our lifespan assay data revealed that hispidol could prolong the lifespan of wild-type worms under normal culture condition. Moreover, hispidol increased the survival rate of the worms against a heat stress condition through up-regulated expressions of HSP-16.2. Similarly, hispidol protected worms from paraquat-induced oxidative stress. We also found that the hispidol elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby attenuating the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that the enhancement of lifespan and stress resistance by the hispidol treatment might be attributed to its strong in vivo antioxidant capacity and regulation of stress proteins. Further tests on the aging-related factors revealed that hispidol could regulate the speed of pharyngeal pumping, indicating the association of dietary restriction with the hispidol-mediated longevity. However, there were no significant alterations in the body length of the worms between the groups. We then investigated the effects of hispidol on body movement and lipofuscin accumulation in aged worms. Interestingly, these healthspan parameters were strongly improved by the hispidol treatment. Our genetic studies showed no significant change in the lifespan of the daf-16 null mutants by hispidol supplementation. In addition, enhanced nuclear translocation of DAF-16 was observed in the hispidol-fed DAF-16::GFP fused transgenic mutants, suggesting the requirement of DAF-16/FOXO activation for the longevity effect of hispidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hoon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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18
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Ye Y, Gu Q, Sun X. Potential of Caenorhabditis elegans as an antiaging evaluation model for dietary phytochemicals: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3084-3105. [PMID: 33337057 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process characterized by the accumulation of degenerative damage, leading to serious diseases that affect human health. Studies on aging aim to develop pre-protection or therapies to delay aging and age-related diseases. A preventive approach is preferable to clinical treatment not only to reduce investment but also to alleviate pain in patients. Adjusting daily diet habits to improve the aging condition is a potentially attractive strategy. Fruits and vegetables containing active compounds that can effectively delay the aging process and reduce or inhibit age-related degenerative diseases have been identified. The signaling pathways related to aging in Caenorhabditis elegans are evolutionarily conserved; thus, studying antiaging components by intervening senescence process may contribute to the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases in humans. This review focuses on the effects of food-derived extracts or purified substance on antiaging in nematodes, as well as the underlying mechanisms, on the basis of several major signaling pathways and key regulatory factors in aging. The aim is to provide references for a healthy diet guidance and the development of antiaging nutritional supplements. Finally, challenges in the use of C. elegans as the antiaging evaluation model are discussed, together with the development that potentially inspire novel strategies and research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingyin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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19
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Smita SS, Trivedi S, Pandey T, Trivedi M, Pandey R. A Bioactive compound Shatavarin IV-mediated longevity as revealed by dietary restriction-induced autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2020; 21:827-844. [PMID: 32888154 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based dietary supplements that delay aging are of significant interest now a days because these naturally occurring bioactive molecules effectively provide pharmaceuticals/neutraceuticals to deal with diseases related to the advanced life expectancy. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the effect of Shatavarin IV (SIV), a steroidal saponin isolated from Asparagus racemosus Willd. on dietary restriction (DR) induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. SIV significantly increased the lifespan to 18% which is independent of antimicrobial activity and reduced the aging by-product, lipofuscin along with increased locomotion, and chemotaxis behavior in wild type worms. The longevity effect has been dependent on eat-2, which was further validated via reduced pharyngeal pumping rate that established the effect similar to DR induced longevity. Moreover, like eat-2 mutant worms, SIV reduces the total progeny number of wild type worm along with a significant alleviation of stored fat, which reconfirms the involvement of eat-2 mediated longevity. Further, it was also observed that DR induced longevity mechanism by SIV requires mTOR which works in PHA-4/FOXA dependent manner. In addition to this, the role of autophagy mechanism concerning SIV mediated DR was confirmed via bec-1, unc-51, and lgg-1. The longevity effect achieved by SIV was also dependent on SKN-1/NRF-2 and partially dependent on DAF-16/FOXO. Furthermore, the DR-induced longevity by SIV was found to be independent of hsf-1 exhibiting non-significant alteration in the mRNA expression of downstream target genes hsp-16.2 and hsp-70. Altogether, this study provides first-hand information on the pro-longevity effect of SIV in worms that have been mediated by the DR-regulating gene induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Shuchi Smita
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Shalini Trivedi
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Taruna Pandey
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Mashu Trivedi
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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20
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Gluconeogenesis and PEPCK are critical components of healthy aging and dietary restriction life extension. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008982. [PMID: 32841230 PMCID: PMC7473531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose diets are unhealthy, although the mechanisms by which elevated glucose is harmful to whole animal physiology are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, high glucose shortens lifespan, while chemically inflicted glucose restriction promotes longevity. We investigated the impact of glucose metabolism on aging quality (maintained locomotory capacity and median lifespan) and found that, in addition to shortening lifespan, excess glucose negatively impacts locomotory healthspan. Conversely, disrupting glucose utilization by knockdown of glycolysis-specific genes results in large mid-age physical improvements via a mechanism that requires the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Adult locomotory capacity is extended by glycolysis disruption, but maximum lifespan is not, indicating that limiting glycolysis can increase the proportion of life spent in mobility health. We also considered the largely ignored role of glucose biosynthesis (gluconeogenesis) in adult health. Directed perturbations of gluconeogenic genes that specify single direction enzymatic reactions for glucose synthesis decrease locomotory healthspan, suggesting that gluconeogenesis is needed for healthy aging. Consistent with this idea, overexpression of the central gluconeogenic gene pck-2 (encoding PEPCK) increases health measures via a mechanism that requires DAF-16 to promote pck-2 expression in specific intestinal cells. Dietary restriction also features DAF-16-dependent pck-2 expression in the intestine, and the healthspan benefits conferred by dietary restriction require pck-2. Together, our results describe a new paradigm in which nutritional signals engage gluconeogenesis to influence aging quality via DAF-16. These data underscore the idea that promotion of gluconeogenesis might be an unappreciated goal for healthy aging and could constitute a novel target for pharmacological interventions that counter high glucose consequences, including diabetes. It is known that high levels of dietary sugar can negatively impact human health, but the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Here we use the facile Caenorhabditis elegans genetic model to extend understanding of the impact of glucose and glucose metabolism on health and aging. We show that the two opposing glucose metabolism pathways–glycolysis and gluconeogenesis–have dramatically opposite effects on health: glycolytic activity responsible for sugar catabolism is detrimental, but driving gluconeogenesis promotes healthy aging. The powerful longevity regulator DAF-16 is required for the healthspan effects of gluconeogenesis. Our data highlight the intriguing possibility that driving the biosynthetic gluconeogenesis pathway could be a novel strategy for healthspan promotion. Indeed, we find that increasing levels of the core gluconeogenic enzyme PEPCK (PCK-2) in just a few intestinal cells can increase overall health in a DAF-16-dependent manner. Dietary restriction, which can promote health and longevity across species, increases PCK-2 levels in the intestine via DAF-16, and PCK-2 is required for the health benefits seen when calories are limited. Our results define gluconeogenic metabolism as a key component of healthy aging, and suggest that interventions that promote gluconeogenesis may help combat the onset of age-related diseases, including diabetes.
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21
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Kim J, Lee SH, Cho M, Lee JY, Choi DH, Lee HY, Cho S, Min KJ, Suh Y. Small Molecule from Natural Phytochemical Mimics Dietary Restriction by Modulating FoxO3a and Metabolic Reprogramming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900248. [PMID: 32558394 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies utilizing animal models have revealed the genetic and pharmacogenetic modulators of the rate of organismal aging. However, finding routes for healthy aging during extended life remains one of the largest questions. With regards to an antiaging reagent, it has been shown that natural phytochemical syringaresinol (SYR) delays cellular senescence by activating sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Here, it is found that SYR treatment results in metabolic changes similar to those observed during dietary restriction (DR). The DR mimetic effects are mediated by FoxO3a-dependent SIRT1 activation and insulin/insuline growth factor-1 signaling modulation. The direct binding of SYR-FoxO3a is identified and this could partially explain the DR-like phenotype. The report gives a clue as to how the longevity gene involves the DR pathway and suggests that natural phytochemicals applied as a geroprotector mimics DR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewon Kim
- Bioscience Research Lab, R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, 17074, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Miook Cho
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Molecular Design Team, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Choi
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, 16229, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Cho
- Bioscience Research Lab, R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, 17074, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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22
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Smith RE. The Effects of Dietary Supplements that Overactivate the Nrf2/ARE System. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2077-2094. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190517113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation is one of the most misunderstood aspects of human
health. People have been encouraged to eat foods that have a high antioxidant capacity, and in
vitro tests for total antioxidant capacity emerged. They were based on measuring the destruction
of oxidized test compounds in direct reactions with the antioxidants in foods. Many dietary
supplements arrived in the market. They contained purified antioxidants, such as resveratrol
and EGCG that were and still are widely assumed by many to be quite healthy at any
dose.
Methods:
The literature on inflammation and the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system was searched
systematically. Articles from prestigious, peer-reviewed journals were obtained and read. The
information obtained from them was used to write this review article.
Results:
Over 150 articles and books were read. The information obtained from them showed
that very few dietary antioxidants exert their effects by reacting directly with Reactive Oxygen
and Nitrogen Species (RONS). Instead, most of the effective antioxidants activate the endogenous
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system. This helps prevent smoldering inflammation and the
diseases that it can cause. However, when overactivated or activated constitutively, the
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system can cause some of these diseases, including many types of
multidrug resistant cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion:
Even though green tea, as well as many fruits, vegetables and spices are quite
healthy, dietary supplements that deliver much higher doses of antioxidants may not be. People
who are diagnosed with cancer and plan to start chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should
probably avoid such supplements. This is because multidrug resistant tumors can hijack and
overactivate the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system.
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23
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Metformin Alleviates Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Rat Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041489. [PMID: 32098266 PMCID: PMC7073047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) has recently emerged as the cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, cardiac function was investigated in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model using echocardiography. Metformin administration significantly increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening values on Days 3 and 7 when MI occurred, indicating that metformin improved left ventricular systolic function. In the Sham + MET and MI + MET groups, the E' value was significantly different up to Day 3 but not at Day 7. This may mean that left ventricular diastolic function was effectively restored to some extent by Day 7 when metformin was administered. These results suggest that diastolic dysfunction, assessed by echocardiography, does not recover in the early phase of ischemic reperfusion injury in the rat myocardial I/R model. However, administering metformin resulted in recovery in the early phase of ischemic reperfusion injury in this model. Further gene expression profiling of left ventricle tissues revealed that the metformin-treated group had notably attenuated immune and inflammatory profiles. To sum up, a rat myocardial I/R injury model and ultrasound-based assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function can be used in translational research and for the development of new heart failure-related drugs, in addition to evaluating the potential of metformin to improve left ventricular (LV) diastolic function.
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Hahm J, Jeong C, Nam HG. Diet restriction-induced healthy aging is mediated through the immune signaling component ZIP-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12982. [PMID: 31215146 PMCID: PMC6718572 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) robustly delays the aging process in all animals tested so far. DR slows aging by negatively regulating the target of rapamycin (TOR) and S6 kinase (S6K) signaling pathway and thus inhibiting translation. Translation inhibition in C. elegans is known to activate the innate immune signal ZIP-2. Here, we show that ZIP-2 is activated in response to DR and in feeding-defective eat-2 mutants. Importantly, ZIP-2 contributes to the improvements in longevity and healthy aging, including mitochondrial integrity and physical ability, mediated by DR in C. elegans. We further show that ZIP-2 is activated upon inhibition of TOR/S6K signaling. However, DR-mediated activation of ZIP-2 does not require the TOR/S6K effector PHA-4/FOXA. Furthermore, zip-2 was not activated or required for longevity in daf-2 mutants, which mimic a low nutrition status. Thus, DR appears to activate ZIP-2 independently of PHA-4/FOXA and DAF-2. The link between DR, aging, and immune activation provides practical insight into the DR-induced benefits on health span and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong‐Hoon Hahm
- Center for Plant Aging Research Institute for Basic Science Daegu Korea
| | - ChoLong Jeong
- Center for Plant Aging Research Institute for Basic Science Daegu Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research Institute for Basic Science Daegu Korea
- Department of New Biology Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) Daegu Korea
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Corrales P, Vivas Y, Izquierdo‐Lahuerta A, Horrillo D, Seoane‐Collazo P, Velasco I, Torres L, Lopez Y, Martínez C, López M, Ros M, Obregon MJ, Medina‐Gomez G. Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates deleterious effects of aging on white and brown adipose tissue plasticity. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12948. [PMID: 30920127 PMCID: PMC6516146 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related increased adiposity is an important contributory factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and is associated with metabolic defects. Caloric restriction (CR) is known to induce weight loss and to decrease adiposity while preventing metabolic risk factors. Here, we show that moderate 20% CR delays early deleterious effects of aging on white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT, respectively) function and improves peripheral IR. To elucidate the role of CR in delaying early signs of aging, young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (20 months) mice fed al libitum and middle-aged and old mice subjected to early-onset CR were used. We show that impaired plasticity of subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) contributes to IR, which is already evident in middle-aged mice. Moreover, alteration of thyroid axis status with age is an important factor contributing to BAT dysfunction in middle-aged animals. Both defects in WAT and BAT/beige cells are ameliorated by CR. Accordingly, CR attenuated the age-related decline in scWAT function and decreased the extent of fibro-inflammation. Furthermore, CR promoted scWAT browning. In brief, our study identifies the contribution of scWAT impairment to age-associated metabolic dysfunction and identifies browning in response to food restriction, as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the adverse metabolic effects in middle-aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Yurena Vivas
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo‐Lahuerta
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Daniel Horrillo
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia Seoane‐Collazo
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela‐Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Madrid Spain
| | - Ismael Velasco
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Lucia Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Yamila Lopez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela‐Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Ros
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
- MEMORISM Research Unit Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), University Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- MEMORISM Research Unit Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), University Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
- Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB), Centro Mixto CSIC‐UAM (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) Madrid Spain
| | - Gema Medina‐Gomez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Alcorcon‐Madrid Spain
- MEMORISM Research Unit Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), University Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
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Yue Y, Shen P, Xu Y, Park Y. p-Coumaric acid improves oxidative and osmosis stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1190-1197. [PMID: 30047165 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-response pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were found to be closely related to human diseases and aging. Research on stress responses in C. elegans can therefore significantly facilitate understanding of related human diseases. p-Coumaric acid is present in peanuts, carrots, and garlic, and exerts many biological effects, however, its responses to various environmental stressors remain unknown. Thus, in the current study, we employed C. elegans as the in vivo animal model to examine the function of p-coumaric acid under various stressed conditions. RESULTS Treatment of C. elegans with p-coumaric acid resulted in a significant reduction in the intercellular reactive oxygen species levels, which suggests the in vivo antioxidant capacity of p-coumaric acid. Moreover, p-coumaric acid significantly increased the worms' survival under oxidative and osmosis stressed conditions but had no effect under normal or heat-stressed conditions. The increased oxidative resistance induced by p-coumaric acid was mediated by skn-1, an ortholog of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcriptional factor. Downregulation of the osmosis regulatory gene, osr-1, might contribute to p-coumaric acids' effect on increased resistance to high osmolarity. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that p-coumaric acid, an antioxidant agent, ameliorated oxidative and osmosis stresses in C. elegans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yuejia Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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27
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Haematophagic Caenorhabditis elegans. Parasitology 2018; 146:314-320. [PMID: 30355366 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode that resides in soil and typically feeds on bacteria. We postulate that haematophagic C. elegans could provide a model to evaluate vaccine responses to intestinal proteins from hematophagous nematode parasites, such as Necator americanus. Human erythrocytes, fluorescently labelled with tetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester, demonstrated a stable bright emission and facilitated visualization of feeding events with fluorescent microscopy. C. elegans were observed feeding on erythrocytes and were shown to rupture red blood cells upon capture to release and ingest their contents. In addition, C. elegans survived equally on a diet of erythrocytes. There was no statistically significant difference in survival when compared with a diet of Escherichia coli OP50. The enzymes responsible for the digestion and detoxification of haem and haemoglobin, which are key components of the hookworm vaccine, were found in the C. elegans intestine. These findings support our postulate that free-living nematodes could provide a model for the assessment of neutralizing antibodies to current and future hematophagous parasite vaccine candidates.
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Gao AW, Smith RL, van Weeghel M, Kamble R, Janssens GE, Houtkooper RH. Identification of key pathways and metabolic fingerprints of longevity in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:128-140. [PMID: 30300667 PMCID: PMC6224709 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and caloric restriction (CR) prolong lifespan in the nematode C. elegans. However, a cross comparison of these longevity pathways using a multi-omics integration approach is lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify key pathways and metabolite fingerprints of longevity that are shared between IIS and CR worm models using multi-omics integration. We generated transcriptomics and metabolomics data from long-lived worm strains, i.e. daf-2 (impaired IIS) and eat-2 (CR model) and compared them with the wild-type strain N2. Transcriptional profiling identified shared longevity signatures, such as an upregulation of lipid storage and defense responses, and downregulation of macromolecule synthesis and developmental processes. Metabolomics profiling identified an increase in the levels of glycerol‑3P, adenine, xanthine, and AMP, and a decrease in the levels of the amino acid pool, as well as the C18:0, C17:1, C19:1, C20:0 and C22:0 fatty acids. After we integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics data based on the annotations in KEGG, our results highlighted increased amino acid metabolism and an upregulation of purine metabolism as a commonality between the two long-lived mutants. Overall, our findings point towards the existence of shared metabolic pathways that are likely important for lifespan extension and provide novel insights into potential regulators and metabolic fingerprints for longevity. Multi-omics integration identified common longevity signatures. Amino acid metabolism was increased in both daf-2 and eat-2 mutants. Purine biosynthesis pathway was enhanced in the long-lived mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen W Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Kamble
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nutritional Quality during Development Alters Insulin-Like Peptides' Expression and Physiology of the Adult Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030110. [PMID: 30200185 PMCID: PMC6163675 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes have distinct developmental and adult life history, and the vectorial capacity of females has been shown to be affected by the larval nutritional environment. However, little is known about the effect of developmental nutrition on insulin-signaling and nutrient storage. In this study, we used Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, to determine whether larval nutrition affects insulin gene expression. We also determined the traits regulated by insulin signaling, such as stored-nutrient levels and fecundity. We raised mosquito larvae on two different diets, containing either high protein or high carbohydrates. Development on a high-carbohydrate diet resulted in several life-history phenotypes indicative of suboptimal conditions, including increased developmental time and decreased fecundity. Additionally, our data showed that insulin transcript levels are affected by a high-carbohydrate diet during development. Females, not males, reared on high-carbohydrate diets had much higher transcript levels of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3), a mosquito equivalent of human insulin, and these females more readily converted sugar meals into lipids. We also found that AaILP4, not AaILP3, transcript levels were much higher in the males after a sugar meal, suggesting sex-specific differences in the insulin-signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanism of carbohydrate-mediated hyperinsulinemia in animals.
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30
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Caffrey CR, Goupil L, Rebello KM, Dalton JP, Smith D. Cysteine proteases as digestive enzymes in parasitic helminths. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0005840. [PMID: 30138310 PMCID: PMC6107103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We briefly review cysteine proteases (orthologs of mammalian cathepsins B, L, F, and C) that are expressed in flatworm and nematode parasites. Emphasis is placed on enzyme activities that have been functionally characterized, are associated with the parasite gut, and putatively contribute to degrading host proteins to absorbable nutrients [1–4]. Often, gut proteases are expressed as multigene families, as is the case with Fasciola [5] and Haemonchus [6], presumably expanding the range of substrates that can be degraded, not least during parasite migration through host tissues [5]. The application of the free-living planarian and Caenorhabditis elegans as investigative models for parasite cysteine proteases is discussed. Finally, because of their central nutritive contribution, targeting the component gut proteases with small-molecule chemical inhibitors and understanding their utility as vaccine candidates are active areas of research [7].
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise Goupil
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karina M. Rebello
- Laboratório de Toxinologia and Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John P. Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen´s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen´s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Letizia MC, Cornaglia M, Tranchida G, Trouillon R, Gijs MAM. A design of experiment approach for efficient multi-parametric drug testing using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:48-56. [PMID: 29333560 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When studying the drug effectiveness towards a target model, one should distinguish the effects of the drug itself and of all the other factors that could influence the screening outcome. This comprehensive knowledge is crucial, especially when model organisms are used to study the drug effect at a systemic level, as a higher number of factors can influence the drug-testing outcome. Covering the entire experimental domain and studying the effect of the simultaneous change in several factors would require numerous experiments, which are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, a design of experiment (DoE) approach in drug-testing is emerging as a robust and efficient method to reduce the use of resources, while maximizing the knowledge of the process. Here, we used a 3-factor-Doehlert DoE to characterize the concentration-dependent effect of the drug doxycycline on the development duration of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To cover the experimental space, 13 experiments were designed and performed, where different doxycycline concentrations were tested, while also varying the temperature and the food amount, which are known to influence the duration of C. elegans development. A microfluidic platform was designed to isolate and culture C. elegans larvae, while testing the doxycycline effect with full control of temperature and feeding over the entire development. Our approach allowed predicting the doxycycline effect on C. elegans development in the complete drug concentration/temperature/feeding experimental space, maximizing the understanding of the effect of this antibiotic on the C. elegans development and paving the way towards a standardized and optimized drug-testing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Letizia
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMT-LMIS2, Station 17, Ch-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chen W, Lin HR, Wei CM, Luo XH, Sun ML, Yang ZZ, Chen XY, Wang HB. Echinacoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside from Cistanche deserticola, extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and protects from Aβ-induced toxicity. Biogerontology 2017; 19:47-65. [PMID: 29185166 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola has been found to exert protection against aging and age-related diseases, but mechanisms underlying its longevity effects remain largely unclear. Here, the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to identify lifespan extending and protective effects against β-amyloid (Aβ) induced toxicity by echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from C. deserticola. Our results showed that ECH extends the mean lifespan of worms and increases their survival under oxidative stress. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and fat accumulation were also significantly suppressed by ECH. Moreover, ECH-mediated lifespan extension was found to be dependent on mev-1, eat-2, daf-2, and daf-16, but not sir-2.1 or hsf-1 genes. Furthermore, ECH triggered DAF-16 nuclear localization and upregulated two of its downstream targets, sod-3 and hsp-16.2. In addition, ECH significantly improved the survival of CL4176 worms in response to proteotoxic stress induced by Aβ protein aggregation. Collectively, these findings suggested that reactive oxygen species scavenging, dietary restriction, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways could be partly involved in ECH-mediated lifespan extension. Thus, ECH may target multiple longevity mechanisms to extend lifespan and have a potency to prevent Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong-Ru Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cong-Min Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meng-Lu Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin-Yan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Smolentseva O, Gusarov I, Gautier L, Shamovsky I, DeFrancesco AS, Losick R, Nudler E. Mechanism of biofilm-mediated stress resistance and lifespan extension in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7137. [PMID: 28769037 PMCID: PMC5540977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria naturally form communities of cells known as biofilms. However the physiological roles of biofilms produced by non-pathogenic microbiota remain largely unknown. To assess the impact of a biofilm on host physiology we explored the effect of several non-pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria on Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Pseudomonas fluorescens induces C. elegans stress resistance. Biofilm also protects against pathogenic infection and prolongs lifespan. Total mRNA analysis identified a set of host genes that are upregulated in response to biofilm formation by B. subtilis. We further demonstrate that mtl-1 is responsible for the biofilm-mediated increase in oxidative stress resistance and lifespan extension. Induction of mtl-1 and hsp-70 promotes biofilm-mediated thermotolerance. ilys-2 activity accounts for biofilm-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing. These results reveal the importance of non-pathogenic biofilms for host physiology and provide a framework to study commensal biofilms in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Smolentseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ivan Gusarov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laurent Gautier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ilya Shamovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alicia S DeFrancesco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Richard Losick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Kim JS, Kim SH, Park SK. Selenocysteine modulates resistance to environmental stress and confers anti-aging effects in C. elegans. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:491-498. [PMID: 28954009 PMCID: PMC5579318 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(08)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sung Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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35
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Shen P, Yue Y, Park Y. A living model for obesity and aging research:Caenorhabditis elegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:741-754. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1220914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Calycosin promotes lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans through insulin signaling pathway via daf-16 , age-1 and daf-2. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Lysenkov SN, Ashapkin VV, Luchkina OS, Markov AV, Skulachev VP. Is It Possible to Prove the Existence of an Aging Program by Quantitative Analysis of Mortality Dynamics? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1461-1476. [PMID: 28259123 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of various types of lesions in the course of aging increases an organism's vulnerability and results in a monotonous elevation of mortality rate, irrespective of the position of a species on the evolutionary tree. Stroustrup et al. (Nature, 530, 103-107) [1] showed in 2016 that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, longevity-altering factors (e.g. oxidative stress, temperature, or diet) do not change the shape of the survival curve, but either stretch or shrink it along the time axis, which the authors attributed to the existence of an "aging program". Modification of the accelerated failure time model by Stroustrup et al. uses temporal scaling as a basic approach for distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative changes in aging dynamics. Thus we analyzed data on the effects of various longevity-increasing genetic manipulations in flies, worms, and mice and used several models to choose a theory that would best fit the experimental results. The possibility to identify the moment of switch from a mortality-governing pathway to some other pathways might be useful for testing geroprotective drugs. In this work, we discuss this and other aspects of temporal scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Tökölyi J, Ősz Z, Sebestyén F, Barta Z. Resource allocation and post-reproductive degeneration in the freshwater cnidarian Hydra oligactis (Pallas, 1766). ZOOLOGY 2017; 120:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wan C, Freitas AA. An empirical evaluation of hierarchical feature selection methods for classification in bioinformatics datasets with gene ontology-based features. Artif Intell Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-017-9541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Metformin has been widely used for over 5 decades. New preparations have been developed for possible enhancement of efficiency, tolerability, and pleiotropic nonglycemic effects. Extended-release metformin has contributed to adherence and improved gastrointestinal tolerability. Delayed-release metformin acts in the lower gastrointestinal tract and exerts glucose-lowering effects at lower plasma metformin levels, which might suggest use of this biguanide in patients with chronic kidney disease. Metformin is also known to have numerous nonglycemic effects. Results of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study indicate improvements in cardiovascular outcome and reduced total mortality independent of glycemic control. Anticancer effects of metformin have been discussed and many clinical trials are on-going. Metformin is noted for its beneficial effects on lifespan extension and on disorders due to increased insulin resistance. Further investigations, including randomized control trials in nondiabetic individuals, are required to demonstrate the nonglycemic effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Figueira I, Fernandes A, Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Lopez-Contreras A, Henriques CM, Selman C, Ferreiro E, Gonos ES, Trejo JL, Misra J, Rasmussen LJ, Xapelli S, Ellam T, Bellantuono I. Interventions for age-related diseases: Shifting the paradigm. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:69-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bar DZ, Charar C, Dorfman J, Yadid T, Tafforeau L, Lafontaine DLJ, Gruenbaum Y. Cell size and fat content of dietary-restricted Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by ATX-2, an mTOR repressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4620-9. [PMID: 27457958 PMCID: PMC4987808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512156113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a metabolic intervention that extends the lifespan of multiple species, including yeast, flies, nematodes, rodents, and, arguably, rhesus monkeys and humans. Hallmarks of lifelong DR are reductions in body size, fecundity, and fat accumulation, as well as slower development. We have identified atx-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the human ATXN2L and ATXN2 genes, as the regulator of these multiple DR phenotypes. Down-regulation of atx-2 increases the body size, cell size, and fat content of dietary-restricted animals and speeds animal development, whereas overexpression of atx-2 is sufficient to reduce the body size and brood size of wild-type animals. atx-2 regulates the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, downstream of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and upstream of ribosomal protein S6 kinase and mTOR complex 1 (TORC1), by its direct association with Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor β, which likely regulates RHEB shuttling between GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. Taken together, this work identifies a previously unknown mechanism regulating multiple aspects of DR, as well as unknown regulators of the mTOR pathway. They also extend our understanding of diet-dependent growth retardation, and offers a potential mechanism to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Chayki Charar
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jehudith Dorfman
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tam Yadid
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lionel Tafforeau
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS), Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), BioPark Campus, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Denis L J Lafontaine
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS), Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), BioPark Campus, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
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Sánchez-Blanco A, Rodríguez-Matellán A, González-Paramás A, González-Manzano S, Kim SK, Mollinedo F. Dietary and microbiome factors determine longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1513-39. [PMID: 27510225 PMCID: PMC4993345 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet composition affects organismal health. Nutrient uptake depends on the microbiome. Caenorhabditis elegans fed a Bacillus subtilis diet live longer than those fed the standard Escherichia coli diet. Here we report that this longevity difference is primarily caused by dietary coQ, an antioxidant synthesized by E. coli but not by B. subtilis. CoQ-supplemented E. coli fed worms have a lower oxidation state yet live shorter than coQ-less B. subtilis fed worms. We showed that mutations affecting longevity for E. coli fed worms do not always lead to similar effects when worms are fed B. subtilis. We propose that coQ supplementation by the E. coli diet alters the worm cellular REDOX homeostasis, thus decreasing longevity. Our results highlight the importance of microbiome factors in longevity, argue that antioxidant supplementation can be detrimental, and suggest that the C. elegans standard E. coli diet can alter the effect of signaling pathways on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Sánchez-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Current address: Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Matellán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Current address: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), E‐28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Current address: Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Uppaluri S, Brangwynne CP. A size threshold governs Caenorhabditis elegans developmental progression. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151283. [PMID: 26290076 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of organisms from humans to bacteria is affected by environmental conditions. However, mechanisms governing growth and size control are not well understood, particularly in the context of changes in food availability in developing multicellular organisms. Here, we use a novel microfluidic platform to study the impact of diet on the growth and development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This device allows us to observe individual worms throughout larval development, quantify their growth as well as pinpoint the moulting transitions marking successive developmental stages. Under conditions of low food availability, worms grow very slowly, but do not moult until they have achieved a threshold size. The time spent in larval stages can be extended by over an order of magnitude, in agreement with a simple threshold size model. Thus, a critical worm size appears to trigger developmental progression, and may contribute to prolonged lifespan under dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanti Uppaluri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Clifford P Brangwynne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Van Bussel IPG, Jolink-Stoppelenburg A, De Groot CPGM, Müller MR, Afman LA. Differences in genome-wide gene expression response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between young and old men upon caloric restriction. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:13. [PMID: 27551314 PMCID: PMC4968441 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Caloric restriction (CR) is considered to increase lifespan and to prevent various age-related diseases in different nonhuman organisms. Only a limited number of CR studies have been performed on humans, and results put CR as a beneficial tool to decrease risk factors in several age-related diseases. The question remains at what age CR should be implemented to be most effective with respect to healthy aging. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of age in the transcriptional response to a completely controlled 30 % CR diet on immune cells, as immune response is affected during aging. Ten healthy young men, aged 20–28, and nine healthy old men, aged 64–85, were subjected to a 2-week weight maintenance diet, followed by 3 weeks of 30 % CR. Before and after 30 % CR, the whole genome gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed. Results Expression of 554 genes showed a different response between young and old men upon CR. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a downregulation of gene sets involved in the immune response in young but not in old men. At baseline, immune response-related genes were higher expressed in old compared to young men. Upstream regulator analyses revealed that most potential regulators were controlling the immune response. Conclusions Based on the gene expression data, we theorise that a short period of CR is not effective in old men regarding immune-related pathways while it is effective in young men. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00561145 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0528-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P G Van Bussel
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jolink-Stoppelenburg
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C P G M De Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Current Address: Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - L A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research centre, PO BOX 8129, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Natural thioallyl compounds increase oxidative stress resistance and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating SKN-1/Nrf. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21611. [PMID: 26899496 PMCID: PMC4761942 DOI: 10.1038/srep21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biologically active natural compounds that promote health and longevity, and understanding how they act, will provide insights into aging and metabolism, and strategies for developing agents that prevent chronic disease. The garlic-derived thioallyl compounds S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) have been shown to have multiple biological activities. Here we show that SAC and SAMC increase lifespan and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans and reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These compounds do not appear to activate DAF-16 (FOXO orthologue) or mimic dietary restriction (DR) effects, but selectively induce SKN-1 (Nrf1/2/3 orthologue) targets involved in oxidative stress defense. Interestingly, their treatments do not facilitate SKN-1 nuclear accumulation, but slightly increased intracellular SKN-1 levels. Our data also indicate that thioallyl structure and the number of sulfur atoms are important for SKN-1 target induction. Our results indicate that SAC and SAMC may serve as potential agents that slow aging.
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47
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Neuroprotective effects of metformin against Aβ-mediated inhibition of long-term potentiation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:178-85. [PMID: 26861514 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is used to treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, high-fat diets (HFD) have been shown to increase AD risk. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Met on β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in AD model rats that were fed a HFD. In this study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I (control group, regular diet); group II (HFD+vehicle); group III (HFD+Aβ); or group IV (Met+HFD+Aβ). Rats fed a HFD were injected with Aβ to induce AD, allowed to recover, and treated with Met for 8 weeks. The rats were then anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of urethane and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus for surgery, electrode implantation, and field potential recording. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were then performed to measure population spike (PS) amplitude and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by high-frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway. Blood samples were then collected to measure plasma levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol. After induction of LTP, PS amplitude and EPSP slope were significantly decreased in Aβ-injected rats fed a HFD compared to vehicle-injected animals or untreated animals that were fed a normal diet. Met treatment of Aβ-injected rats significantly attenuated these decreases, suggesting that Met decreased the effects of Aβ on LTP. These findings suggest that Met treatment is neuroprotective against the detrimental effects of Aβ and HFDs on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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48
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Lushchak VI. Time-course and intensity-based classifications of oxidative stresses and their potential application in biomedical, comparative and environmental research. Redox Rep 2016; 21:262-70. [PMID: 26828292 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1126940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We propose some clues for classification of oxidative stresses based on their intensity and time-course. BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is studied for more than three decades and it is clear that it may differ on the parameters of interest. But up to now there is no any system for formal discrimination between different types of the stress. Such approach can provide important benefits at description of experimental data. METHOD We briefly review information on oxidative stresses and show that the theoretical concept is actually poorly developed since introduction of the first definition in 1985 by H. Sies. We argue that the stresses can differ on their intensities and time-curses, but there was no theoretical basis for discrimination between them. RESULTS On the basis of these analyses, we propose two systems of classifications of oxidative stresses enabling their description taking into account their intensity and time-course. We analyze essential biomarkers of oxidative stress to be used for classification such as levels of modified by reactive oxygen species proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and low molecular mass compounds. Finally, we describe potential applications of the proposed classifications to biomedical, comparative and environmental research. CONCLUSION The proposed classifications of oxidative stress may facilitate description of experimental data and their comparison between different organisms and methods of induction of oxidative stresses. Additionally this work may provide some clues to develop quantitative approaches for formal categorization of oxidative stresses. APPLICATION Most applications of the classifications proposed are theoretical and applied studies where oxidative stress takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr I Lushchak
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University , 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018 , Ukraine
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49
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Stroustrup N, Anthony WE, Nash ZM, Gowda V, Gomez A, López-Moyado IF, Apfeld J, Fontana W. The temporal scaling of Caenorhabditis elegans ageing. Nature 2016; 530:103-7. [PMID: 26814965 PMCID: PMC4828198 DOI: 10.1038/nature16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The process of ageing makes death increasingly likely, involving a random aspect that produces a wide distribution of lifespan even in homogeneous populations. The study of this stochastic behaviour may link molecular mechanisms to the ageing process that determines lifespan. Here, by collecting high-precision mortality statistics from large populations, we observe that interventions as diverse as changes in diet, temperature, exposure to oxidative stress, and disruption of genes including the heat shock factor hsf-1, the hypoxia-inducible factor hif-1, and the insulin/IGF-1 pathway components daf-2, age-1, and daf-16 all alter lifespan distributions by an apparent stretching or shrinking of time. To produce such temporal scaling, each intervention must alter to the same extent throughout adult life all physiological determinants of the risk of death. Organismic ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans therefore appears to involve aspects of physiology that respond in concert to a diverse set of interventions. In this way, temporal scaling identifies a novel state variable, r(t), that governs the risk of death and whose average decay dynamics involves a single effective rate constant of ageing, kr. Interventions that produce temporal scaling influence lifespan exclusively by altering kr. Such interventions, when applied transiently even in early adulthood, temporarily alter kr with an attendant transient increase or decrease in the rate of change in r and a permanent effect on remaining lifespan. The existence of an organismal ageing dynamics that is invariant across genetic and environmental contexts provides the basis for a new, quantitative framework for evaluating the manner and extent to which specific molecular processes contribute to the aspect of ageing that determines lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stroustrup
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Winston E Anthony
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zachary M Nash
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Gowda
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adam Gomez
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Isaac F López-Moyado
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Javier Apfeld
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Walter Fontana
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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50
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Abstract
Improvements in healthcare and nutrition have generated remarkable increases in life expectancy worldwide. This is one of the greatest achievements of the modern world yet it also presents a grave challenge: as more people survive into later life, more also experience the diseases of old age, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Developing new ways to improve health in the elderly is therefore a top priority for biomedical research. Although our understanding of the molecular basis of these morbidities has advanced rapidly, effective novel treatments are still lacking. Alternative drug development strategies are now being explored, such as the repurposing of existing drugs used to treat other diseases. This can save a considerable amount of time and money since the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles of these drugs are already established, effectively enabling preclinical studies to be bypassed. Metformin is one such drug currently being investigated for novel applications. The present review provides a thorough and detailed account of our current understanding of the molecular pharmacology and signalling mechanisms underlying biguanide-protein interactions. It also focuses on the key role of the microbiota in regulating age-associated morbidities and a potential role for metformin to modulate its function. Research in this area holds the key to solving many of the mysteries of our current understanding of drug action and concerted effects to provide sustained and long-life health.
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