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Yoshimura N, Kariya R, Shimada M, Tateyama M, Matsunaga H, Shibata Y, Tanimura S, Takata K, Arima T, Kawakami J, Maeda K, Fukuma Y, Uragami M, Ideo K, Sugimoto K, Yonemitsu R, Matsushita K, Hisanaga S, Yugami M, Uehara Y, Masuda T, Nakamura T, Tokunaga T, Karasugi T, Sueyoshi T, Sato H, Iwakura Y, Araki K, Kobayashi E, Okada S, Miyamoto T. The IL-17-IL-17RA axis is required to promote osteosarcoma progression in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21572. [PMID: 38062130 PMCID: PMC10703823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is rare but is the most common bone tumor. Diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance imaging development of chemotherapeutic agents have increased the survival rate in osteosarcoma patients, although 5-year survival has plateaued at 70%. Thus, development of new treatment approaches is needed. Here, we report that IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine, increases osteosarcoma mortality in a mouse model with AX osteosarcoma cells. AX cell transplantation into wild-type mice resulted in 100% mortality due to ectopic ossification and multi-organ metastasis. However, AX cell transplantation into IL-17-deficient mice significantly prolonged survival relative to controls. CD4-positive cells adjacent to osteosarcoma cells express IL-17, while osteosarcoma cells express the IL-17 receptor IL-17RA. Although AX cells can undergo osteoblast differentiation, as can patient osteosarcoma cells, IL-17 significantly inhibited that differentiation, indicating that IL-17 maintains AX cells in the undifferentiated state seen in malignant tumors. By contrast, IL-17RA-deficient mice transplanted with AX cells showed survival comparable to wild-type mice transplanted with AX cells. Biopsy specimens collected from osteosarcoma patients showed higher expression of IL-17RA compared to IL-17. These findings suggest that IL-17 is essential to maintain osteosarcoma cells in an undifferentiated state and could be a therapeutic target for suppressing tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Koube, 650-8586, Japan
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Makoto Tateyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsunaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuto Shibata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Tanimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosei Takata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Junki Kawakami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaru Uragami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Ideo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sugimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yonemitsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kozo Matsushita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hisanaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Yugami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uehara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Masuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Karasugi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takanao Sueyoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Gomes WJ, Marin-Cuartas M, Bakaeen F, Sádaba JR, Dayan V, Almeida R, Parolari A, Myers PO, Borger MA. The ISCHEMIA trial revisited: setting the record straight on the benefits of coronary bypass surgery and the misinterpretation of a landmark trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad361. [PMID: 37889258 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ISCHEMIA trial is a landmark study that has been the subject of heated debate within the cardiovascular community. In this analysis of the ISCHEMIA trial, we aim to set the record straight on the benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the misinterpretation of this landmark trial. We sought to clarify and reorient this misinterpretation. METHODS We herein analyse the ISCHEMIA trial in detail and describe how its misinterpretation has led to an erroneous guideline recommendation downgrading for prognosis-altering surgical therapy in these at-risk patients. RESULTS The interim ISCHEMIA trial findings align with previous evidence where CABG reduces the long-term risks of myocardial infarction and mortality in advanced coronary artery disease. The trial outcomes of a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular mortality and a higher rate of non-cardiovascular mortality with the invasive strategy are explained according to landmark evidence. CONCLUSIONS The ISCHEMIA trial findings are aligned with previous evidence and should not be used to downgrade recommendations in recent guidelines for the indisputable benefits of CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Gomes
- Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina and São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateo Marin-Cuartas
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faisal Bakaeen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Rafael Sádaba
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Dayan
- Centro Cardiovascular Universitario, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rui Almeida
- University Center Assis Gurgacz Foundation, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Parolari
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, University of Milan, S. Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Patrick O Myers
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, CHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Zhao D, Zhao S, Qin X. Comprehensive microbiomes and fecal metabolomics combined with network pharmacology reveal the effects of Jichuanjian on aged functional constipation. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112216. [PMID: 37211069 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder especially severely affecting the life quality of the aged. Jichuanjian (JCJ) has been widely used for aged functional constipation (AFC) in clinic. Yet, the mechanisms of JCJ merely scratch the surface with being studied at a single level, rather than from a systematic perspective of the whole. AIM The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of JCJ in treating AFC from the perspectives of fecal metabolites and related pathways, gut microbiota, key gene targets and functional pathways, as well as "behaviors-microbiota-metabolites" relationships. METHODS 16S rRNA analysis and fecal metabolomics combined with network pharmacology were applied to investigate the abnormal performances of AFC rats, as well as the regulatory effects of JCJ. RESULTS JCJ significantly regulated the abnormalities of rats' behaviors, the microbial richness, and the metabolite profiles that were interrupted by AFC. 19 metabolites were found to be significantly associated with AFC involving in 15 metabolic pathways. Delightfully, JCJ significantly regulated 9 metabolites and 6 metabolic pathways. AFC significantly interrupted the levels of 4 differential bacteria while JCJ significantly regulated the level of SMB53. HSP90AA1 and TP53 were the key genes, and pathways in cancer was the most relevant signaling pathways involving in the mechanisms of JCJ. CONCLUSION The current findings not only reveal that the occurrence of AFC is closely related to gut microbiota mediating amino acid and energy metabolism, but also demonstrate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of JCJ on AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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Alimohammadi M, Makaremi S, Rahimi A, Asghariazar V, Taghadosi M, Safarzadeh E. DNA methylation changes and inflammaging in aging-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2022; 14:965-986. [PMID: 36043685 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as an inevitable phenomenon is associated with pervasive changes in physiological functions. There is a relationship between aging and the increase of several chronic diseases. Most age-related disorders are accompanied by an underlying chronic inflammatory state, as demonstrated by local infiltration of inflammatory cells and greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Within inflammaging, many epigenetic events, especially DNA methylation, change. During the aging process, due to aberrations of DNA methylation, biological processes are disrupted, leading to the emergence or progression of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The focus of this review is on DNA methylation, which is involved in inflammaging-related activities, and how its dysregulation leads to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine & Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, & Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
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Cancer-related accelerated ageing and biobehavioural modifiers: a framework for research and clinical care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:173-187. [PMID: 34873313 PMCID: PMC9974153 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that patients with cancer who receive cytotoxic treatments (such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy) have an increased risk of accelerated physical and cognitive ageing. Furthermore, accelerated biological ageing is a suspected driving force behind many of these observed effects. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of biological ageing and how they apply to patients with cancer. We highlight the important role of specific behavioural factors, namely stress, sleep and lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity, weight management, diet and substance use, in the accelerated ageing of patients with cancer and cancer survivors. We also present a framework of how modifiable behaviours could operate to either increase the risk of accelerated ageing, provide protection, or promote resilience at both the biological level and in terms of patient-reported outcomes.
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6
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Lv Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhong G, Zhang X, Yang Q, Li Y. Metastasis patterns and prognosis of octogenarians with metastatic breast cancer: A large-cohort retrospective study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263104. [PMID: 35176034 PMCID: PMC8853583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer may differ biologically in patients aged over 80 years. The objective of the current study was to analyze the metastasis patterns and prognosis of elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and compare it to patients of other ages. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized to select MBC patients from 2010 to 2015. Chi-squared test was used to compare clinicopathological characteristics among different aged groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox model were utilized for survival analysis. Results A total of 10479 MBC patients were included, among which 1036 (9.9%) patients were aged over 80 years. Compared with other aged group, the elderly patients tended to have a higher proportion of HR+/Her2- subtype, white race, lower tumor differentiation, and receive less treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P< 0.001). MBC patients with different age presented with distinctive metastatic patterns. The older patients were more likely to have lung metastasis, but less likely to have bone, brain, liver and multiple sites metastasis than the younger group (P <0.001). The proportion of TNBC subtype increased substantially in the older patients with brain metastasis, compared to the younger and middle-aged group. The old age was demonstrated to significantly associate with worse prognosis of MBC patients. Additionally, our findings also showed that older MBC patients could achieve dramatical overall survival benefit from surgery (HR = 0.58; P <0.001) and chemotherapy (HR = 0.59; P <0.001), but not the radiotherapy (HR = 0.96; P = 0.097). Conclusion The elderly MBC patients presented with distinctive metastatic patterns, clinical characteristics, and prognostic outcomes compared with younger patients. Our findings could assist clinicians in making appropriate therapeutic decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Lv
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wendan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The 903 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 903 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (QY)
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (QY)
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Corsini RR, Costa A, Fichera S, Pluchino A. A configurable computer simulation model for reducing patient waiting time in oncology departments. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2022; 12:208-222. [PMID: 37234470 PMCID: PMC10208172 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2022.2030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the increase in patient demand and the decline in resources are lengthening patient waiting times in many chemotherapy oncology departments. Therefore, enhancing healthcare services is necessary to reduce patient complaints. Reducing the patient waiting times in the oncology departments represents one of the main goals of healthcare managers. Simulation models are considered an effective tool for identifying potential ways to improve patient flow in oncology departments. This paper presents a new agent-based simulation model designed to be configurable and adaptable to the needs of oncology departments which have to interact with an external pharmacy. When external pharmacies are utilised, a courier service is needed to deliver the individual therapies from the pharmacy to the oncology department. An oncology department located in southern Italy was studied through the simulation model and different scenarios were compared with the aim of selecting the department configuration capable of reducing the patient waiting times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Costa
- Dicar Department, University of Catania, CataniaItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Pluchino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ”E-majorana”, University of Catania, CataniaItaly
- Sezione Infn of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy ”E-majorana”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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8
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Gomez CR. Role of heat shock proteins in aging and chronic inflammatory diseases. GeroScience 2021; 43:2515-2532. [PMID: 34241808 PMCID: PMC8599533 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with a decline in response to stress. This contributes to the establishment of chronic inflammation, one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related disease. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are determinants of life span, and their progressive malfunction leads to age-related pathology. To discuss the function of HSP on age-related chronic inflammation and illness. An updated review of literature and discussion of relevant work on the topic of HSP in normal aging and chronic inflammatory pathology was performed. HSP contribute to inflamm-aging. They also play a key role in age-associated pathology linked to chronic inflammation such as autoimmune disorders, neurological disease, cardiovascular disorder, and cancer. HSP may be targeted for control of their effects related to age and chronic inflammation. Research on HSP functions in age-linked chronic inflammatory disorders provides an opportunity to improve health span and delay age-related chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Gomez
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Cent, er, 2500 N. State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Preclinical Research Unit, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Mississippi, 2500 N. State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Tan Q, Liang N, Zhang X, Li J. Dynamic Aging: Channeled Through Microenvironment. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702276. [PMID: 34366891 PMCID: PMC8334186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging process is a complicated process that involves deteriorated performance at multiple levels from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration. For many years research has been focused on how aging changes things within cell. However, new findings suggest that microenvironments, circulating factors or inter-tissue communications could also play important roles in the dynamic progression of aging. These out-of-cell mechanisms pass on the signals from the damaged aging cells to other healthy cells or tissues to promote systematic aging phenotypes. This review discusses the mechanisms of how senescence and their secretome, NAD+ metabolism or circulating factors change microenvironments to regulate systematic aging, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies based on these findings for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Arana Echarri A, Beresford M, Campbell JP, Jones RH, Butler R, Gollob KJ, Brum PC, Thompson D, Turner JE. A Phenomic Perspective on Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Treatment: Integrating Aging and Lifestyle in Blood and Tissue Biomarker Profiling. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616188. [PMID: 33597950 PMCID: PMC7882710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Over the last four decades, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have improved substantially, giving patients with localized disease a better chance of cure, and those with more advanced cancer, longer periods of disease control and survival. However, understanding and managing heterogeneity in the clinical response exhibited by patients remains a challenge. For some treatments, biomarkers are available to inform therapeutic options, assess pathological response and predict clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, some measurements are not employed universally and lack sensitivity and specificity, which might be influenced by tissue-specific alterations associated with aging and lifestyle. The first part of this article summarizes available and emerging biomarkers for clinical use, such as measurements that can be made in tumor biopsies or blood samples, including so-called liquid biopsies. The second part of this article outlines underappreciated factors that could influence the interpretation of these clinical measurements and affect treatment outcomes. For example, it has been shown that both adiposity and physical activity can modify the characteristics of tumors and surrounding tissues. In addition, evidence shows that inflammaging and immunosenescence interact with treatment and clinical outcomes and could be considered prognostic and predictive factors independently. In summary, changes to blood and tissues that reflect aging and patient characteristics, including lifestyle, are not commonly considered clinically or in research, either for practical reasons or because the supporting evidence base is developing. Thus, an aim of this article is to encourage an integrative phenomic approach in oncology research and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Beresford
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H. Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Butler
- South West Genomics Laboratory Hub, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- International Center for Research, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Gomes WJ, Albuquerque LC, Almeida RMS. New Revelations Ignite the EXCEL Affair and Expose the Distortion of Science. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:I-III. [PMID: 33118720 PMCID: PMC7598965 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-1-2020-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Gomes
- Federal University of São Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo Hospital São Paulo Brazil Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline and São Paulo Hospital. Escola Paulista de Medicina. Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano C Albuquerque
- Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre São Lucas Hospital Porto Alegre RS Brazil São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui M S Almeida
- University Center Assis Gurgacz Faculty of Medicine Cascavel PR Brazil Faculty of Medicine of the University Center Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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12
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Piber D, Olmstead R, Cho JHJ, Witarama T, Perez C, Dietz N, Seeman TE, Breen EC, Cole SW, Irwin MR. Inflammaging: Age and Systemic, Cellular, and Nuclear Inflammatory Biology in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1716-1724. [PMID: 31107949 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with increasing age. Yet, there are limited data about the association between age and systemic inflammation within older adults, and whether older age is also associated with cellular and nuclear signaling markers of inflammation. In community-dwelling older adults (N = 262, 60-88 years), systemic levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II; levels of toll-like receptor-4-stimulated monocytic production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α; and resting nuclear levels of activated nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5) were evaluated. Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, multivariate linear regression tested the association between age and each inflammatory marker. Age was positively associated with increased levels of interleukin-6 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (p's < .05) and with increases in STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 activation (p's < .05). However, no relationship was found between age and C-reactive protein, toll-like receptor-4-stimulated interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor alpha α production, or nuclear factor kappa B. Within a community-dwelling sample of older adults, older age is associated with increases in STAT activation, along with increases of systemic inflammatory cytokines. In older adults, heterogeneity in age-related increases in inflammatory disease risk may be related to individual variability in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Piber
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua Hyong-Jin Cho
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tuff Witarama
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Christian Perez
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nicholas Dietz
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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13
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Bratu OG, Diaconu CC, Mischianu DLD, Constantin T, Stanescu AMA, Bungau SG, Ionita-Radu F, Marcu RD. Therapeutic options in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:5021-5025. [PMID: 31798723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men in Europe. The primary treatment of this type of cancer is radical prostatectomy, which has shown good oncological results. Radical prostatectomy (open, laparoscopic or robotic) has high success and low morbidity rates in patients with localized prostate cancer. The life expectancy is >10 years after radical prostatectomy. Studies have shown that ~20%-30% of the patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy can develop biochemical recurrence, which is monitored by using the value of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In some cases (patients with high-risk prostate cancer), adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy, such as radiotherapy or androgen deprivation therapy, can significantly reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence. The optimal management of recurrent disease remains uncertain. Recent literature was systematically reviewed regarding the management of biochemical recurrence and to compare clinical experience in literature studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Liviu Dorel Mischianu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Traian Constantin
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Urology Department, 'Prof. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Gastroenterology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Dragos Marcu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Effects of anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic herbal extracts on gene expression of eicosanoids signaling pathways in isolated brain cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152881. [PMID: 30987861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adaptogens modulate expression of genes playing key roles in development of aging-related disorders, which are considered as low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions characterized by an imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. AIM OF THE STUDY We compared the effects of anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic plant extracts on the expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of eicosanoids with the purpose to find those plants, which selectively upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory lipoxins signaling pathways and inhibited pro-inflammatory signaling pathways associated with biosynthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxanes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of plant extract and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to eicosanoids signaling pathways using in silico models. RESULTS For the first time, we demonstrated that Rhodiola rosea, Withania somnifera and Eleutherococcus senticosus downregulate the expression of key genes (ALOX5AP, DPEP2, LTC4S) involved biosynthesis of leukotrienes A, B, C, D and E, resulting in inhibition of leukotriene signaling pathway suggesting their potential benefits in Alzheimer disease. The common feature for all tested anti-inflammatory plants extracts was related to downregulation of ALOX12, which was also associated with neuroprotective action of these medicinal plants as well as their potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases. None of tested anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic plants selectively activated the ALOX15-mediated signaling pathway, which is associated with generation anti-inflammatory lipoxins. Almost all tested plants upregulated the expression of the prostaglandin E receptor 3 gene (PTGER3) suggesting their potential benefits in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION Every single plant tested in this study revealed a specific "signature" on eicosanoid signaling-related gene expression, regardless of their common features as anti-inflammatory or adaptogenic activity. Further studies of the combination of Rhodiola with Withania (Adaptra) for the treatment of Alzheimer disease are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., 955 Challenger Dr., Green Bay, WI 54311 USA; Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, Sweden.
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Sonu S, Post S, Feinglass J. Adverse childhood experiences and the onset of chronic disease in young adulthood. Prev Med 2019; 123:163-170. [PMID: 30904602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with early-onset chronic conditions. We analyzed data from the 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which included 86,968 respondents representing a nine-state adult population of 32 million. ACE questions included physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; substance use, mental illness or incarceration of a household member; domestic violence, and parental separation. Outcomes included chronic conditions (cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, depression, diabetes, and prediabetes); overall health status; and days of poor mental or physical health in the past month. We estimated Poisson regression models of the likelihood of chronic conditions and poor health status comparing adults reporting ≥4 ACEs to respondents with no ACEs within three age strata: 18-34, 35-54 and ≥55 years. The prevalence of ≥4 ACEs was highest among youngest respondents (19%). There was a dose-response gradient between ACE scores and outcomes except for cancer in older adults. Among younger respondents, those reporting ≥4 ACEs had two to four times the risk for each chronic condition and poor health status compared to respondents reporting no ACEs. With few exceptions (depression, poor mental and physical health in the past month), incidence rate ratios were highest in young adults and successively decreased among older adults. This study is among the first to analyze patterns of association between ACEs and adult health disaggregated by age. Young adults with high ACE scores are at increased risk of early-onset chronic disease. Trauma-informed care and ACEs prevention are crucial public health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Sonu
- Division of General Medicine & Geriatrics, Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Sharon Post
- Health and Medicine Policy Research Group, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joe Feinglass
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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16
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Gopinath B, Kifley A, Flood VM, Mitchell P. Physical Activity as a Determinant of Successful Aging over Ten Years. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10522. [PMID: 30002462 PMCID: PMC6043510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the temporal association between physical activity and successful aging. The analyses involved 1,584 adults aged 49 + years living west of Sydney (Australia), who did not have cancer, coronary artery disease and stroke at baseline and who were followed over 10 years. Participants provided information on the performance of moderate or vigorous activities and walking exercise and this was used to determine total metabolic equivalents (METs) minutes of activity per week. Successful aging status was determined through interviewer-administered questionnaire and was classified as the absence of: depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive impairment, respiratory symptoms and systemic conditions (e.g. cancer, coronary artery disease). 249 (15.7%) participants (mean age 59.9 ± 6.1) had aged successfully 10 years later. After multivariable adjustment; older adults in the highest level of total physical activity (≥5000 MET minutes/week; n = 71) compared to those in the lowest level of total physical activity (<1000 MET minutes/week; n = 934) had 2-fold greater odds of aging successfully than normal aging, odds ratio, OR, 2.08 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.12–3.88). Older adults who engaged in high levels of total physical activity, well above the current recommended minimum level had a greater likelihood of aging successfully 10 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Das UN. Ageing: Is there a role for arachidonic acid and other bioactive lipids? A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:67-79. [PMID: 30034877 PMCID: PMC6052661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is inevitable. Recent studies suggest that it could be delayed. Low-grade systemic inflammation is seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction that are common with increasing age. In all these conditions, an alteration in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is seen in the form of increased formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and decreased production of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins and decreased activity of desaturases. Calorie restriction, exercise and parabiosis delay age-related changes that could be related to enhanced proliferation of stem cells, decrease in inflammation and transfer of GDF-11 (growth differentiation factor-11) and other related molecules from the young to the old, increase in the formation of lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO); inhibition of ageing-related hypothalamic or brain IKK-β and NF-kB activation, decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release resulting in increased neurogenesis and consequent decelerated ageing. This suggests that hypothalamus participates in ageing process. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and lipid-derived signalling molecules can be tuned favorably under dietary restriction to extend lifespan and/or prevent advanced age associated diseases in an mTOR dependent pathway manner. Sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production and protected tissues from hypoxia and tissue damage. Anti-inflammatory metabolites formed from AA such as LXA4, resolvins, protectins and maresins enhance production of NO, CO, H2S; suppress NF-kB expression and alter mTOR expression and thus, may aid in delaying ageing process. Dietary restriction and exercise enhance AA metabolism to form LXA4, resolvins, protectins and maresins that have anti-inflammatory actions. AA and their metabolites also influence stem cell biology, enhance neurogenesis to improve memory and augment autophagy to prolong life span. Thus, AA and other PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory metabolites inhibit inflammation, augment stem cell proliferation, restore to normal lipid-derived signaling molecules and NO and H2S production, enhance autophagy and prolong life span.
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18
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Accardi G, Caruso C. Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly: an update. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29507595 PMCID: PMC5833087 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-018-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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19
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Leonardi GC, Accardi G, Monastero R, Nicoletti F, Libra M. Ageing: from inflammation to cancer. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29387133 PMCID: PMC5775596 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the major risk factor for cancer development. Hallmark of the ageing process is represented by inflammaging, which is a chronic and systemic low-grade inflammatory process. Inflammation is also a hallmark of cancer and is widely recognized to influence all cancer stages from cell transformation to metastasis. Therefore, inflammaging may represent the biological phenomena able to couple ageing process with cancer development. Here we review the molecular and cellular pathway involved in age-related chronic inflammation along with its potential triggers and their connection with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia C Leonardi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Pathology and Oncology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- 2Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Immunosenescence and Ageing Group, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- 3Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Pathology and Oncology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Pathology and Oncology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Zinger A, Cho WC, Ben-Yehuda A. Cancer and Aging - the Inflammatory Connection. Aging Dis 2017; 8:611-627. [PMID: 28966805 PMCID: PMC5614325 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer are highly correlated biological phenomena. Various cellular processes such as DNA damage responses and cellular senescence that serve as tumor suppressing mechanisms throughout life result in degenerative changes and contribute to the aging phenotype. In turn, aging is considered a pro-tumorigenic state, and constitutes the single most important risk factor for cancer development. However, the causative relations between aging and cancer is not straight forward, as these processes carry contradictory hallmarks; While aging is characterized by tissue degeneration and organ loss of function, cancer is a state of sustained cellular proliferation and gain of new functions. Here, we review the molecular and cellular pathways that stand in the base of aging related cancer. Specifically, we deal with the inflammatory perspective that link these two processes, and suggest possible molecular targets that may be exploited to modify their courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adar Zinger
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William C Cho
- 2Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Arie Ben-Yehuda
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Poropatich K, Fontanarosa J, Samant S, Sosman JA, Zhang B. Cancer Immunotherapies: Are They as Effective in the Elderly? Drugs Aging 2017; 34:567-581. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Mortality trends and risk of dying from colorectal cancer in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2012. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Jacqueline C, Tasiemski A, Sorci G, Ujvari B, Maachi F, Missé D, Renaud F, Ewald P, Thomas F, Roche B. Infections and cancer: the "fifty shades of immunity" hypothesis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:257. [PMID: 28403812 PMCID: PMC5389015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the twentieth century, infection has emerged as a fundamental aspect of cancer causation with a growing number of pathogens recognized as oncogenic. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses have also attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. DISCUSSION Lost in the dichotomy between oncogenic and oncolytic agents, the indirect influence of infectious organisms on carcinogenesis has been largely unexplored. We describe the various ways - from functional aspects to evolutionary considerations such as modernity mismatches - by which infectious organisms could interfere with oncogenic processes through immunity. Finally, we discuss how acknowledging these interactions might impact public health approaches and suggest new guidelines for therapeutic and preventive strategies both at individual and population levels. Infectious organisms, that are not oncogenic neither oncolytic, may play a significant role in carcinogenesis, suggesting the need to increase our knowledge about immune interactions between infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacqueline
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Aurélie Tasiemski
- Unité d’Evolution, Ecologie et Paléontologie (EEP) Université de Lille 1 CNRS UMR 8198, groupe d’Ecoimmunologie des Annélides, 59655 Villeneuve-d’Ascqd’Ascq, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- BiogéoSciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Vic Australia
| | - Fatima Maachi
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Oncologie Digestive, Institut Pasteur 1, Place Abou Kacem Ez-Zahraoui- B.P, 120, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Dorothée Missé
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - François Renaud
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Paul Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
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Sánchez-Barriga JJ. Mortality trends and risk of dying from colorectal cancer in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2012. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2017; 82:217-225. [PMID: 28320550 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, there has been an upward trend in mortality rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) over the past three decades. This tumor is ranked among the ten most prevalent causes of morbidity from malignancies in Mexico. AIMS To determine the mortality trends by socioeconomic region and by state, and to establish the relative risk between both educational level and socioeconomic region with mortality from CRC within the time frame of 2000-2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of mortality associated with colorectal cancer were obtained. Rates of mortality by state and by socioeconomic region were calculated, along with the strength of association (obtained through the Poisson regression) between both socioeconomic region and educational level and the mortality from CRC. RESULTS A total of 45,487 individuals died from CRC in Mexico from 2000 to 2012. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants increased from 3.9 to 4.8. Baja California, Baja California Sur, and Sonora had the highest mortality from CRC. Individuals with no school or incomplete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from this cancer (RR of 3.57, 95% CI: 3.46-3.68). Region 7 had the strongest association with mortality from CRC (Mexico City: RR was 2.84, 95% CI: 2.39-3.37 [2000] and 3.32, 95% CI: 2.89-3.82 [2012]). CONCLUSIONS In Mexico, the age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants that died from CRC increased from 3.9 to 4.8 in the study period, using the world population age distribution as the standard. Baja California, Baja California Sur, and Sonora had the highest mortality from CRC. Mexico City, which was socioeconomic region 7, had the strongest association with mortality from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sánchez-Barriga
- Dirección de Investigación Operativa de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México.
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Effect of age on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:91-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Anderson JJ, Li T, Sharrow DJ. Insights into mortality patterns and causes of death through a process point of view model. Biogerontology 2017; 18:149-170. [PMID: 27885527 PMCID: PMC5290203 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Process point of view (POV) models of mortality, such as the Strehler-Mildvan and stochastic vitality models, represent death in terms of the loss of survival capacity through challenges and dissipation. Drawing on hallmarks of aging, we link these concepts to candidate biological mechanisms through a framework that defines death as challenges to vitality where distal factors defined the age-evolution of vitality and proximal factors define the probability distribution of challenges. To illustrate the process POV, we hypothesize that the immune system is a mortality nexus, characterized by two vitality streams: increasing vitality representing immune system development and immunosenescence representing vitality dissipation. Proximal challenges define three mortality partitions: juvenile and adult extrinsic mortalities and intrinsic adult mortality. Model parameters, generated from Swedish mortality data (1751-2010), exhibit biologically meaningful correspondences to economic, health and cause-of-death patterns. The model characterizes the twentieth century epidemiological transition mainly as a reduction in extrinsic mortality resulting from a shift from high magnitude disease challenges on individuals at all vitality levels to low magnitude stress challenges on low vitality individuals. Of secondary importance, intrinsic mortality was described by a gradual reduction in the rate of loss of vitality presumably resulting from reduction in the rate of immunosenescence. Extensions and limitations of a distal/proximal framework for characterizing more explicit causes of death, e.g. the young adult mortality hump or cancer in old age are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Frahm C, Srivastava A, Schmidt S, Mueller J, Groth M, Guenther M, Ji Y, Priebe S, Platzer M, Witte OW. Transcriptional profiling reveals protective mechanisms in brains of long-lived mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 52:23-31. [PMID: 28110102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain plays a central role in organismal aging but is itself most sensitive to aging-related functional impairments and pathologies. Insights into processes underlying brain aging are the basis to positively impact brain health. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we monitored cerebral gene expression in mice throughout their whole lifespan (2, 9, 15, 24, and 30 months). Differentially expressed genes were clustered in 6 characteristic temporal expression profiles, 3 of which revealed a distinct change between 24 and 30 months, the period when most mice die. Functional annotation of these genes indicated a participation in protection against cancer and oxidative stress. Specifically, the most enriched pathways for the differentially expressed genes with higher expression at 30 versus 24 months were found to be glutathione metabolism and chemokine signaling pathway, whereas those lower expressed were enriched in focal adhesion and pathways in cancer. We therefore conclude that brains of very old mice are protected from certain aspects of aging, in particular cancer, which might have an impact on organismal health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Akash Srivastava
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio Schmidt
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jule Mueller
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Guenther
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Jacqueline C, Bourfia Y, Hbid H, Sorci G, Thomas F, Roche B. Interactions between immune challenges and cancer cells proliferation: timing does matter! EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:299-311. [PMID: 27535084 PMCID: PMC5046994 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a key component of malignant cell control and it is also involved in the elimination of pathogens that threaten the host. Despite our body is permanently exposed to a myriad of pathogens, the interference of such infections with the immune responses against cancer has been poorly investigated. Through a mathematical model, we show that the frequency, the duration and the action (positive or negative) of immune challenges may significantly impact tumor proliferation. First, we observe that a long immunosuppressive challenge increases accumulation of cancerous cells only if it occurs 14 years after the beginning of immunosenescence. However, short immune challenges result in an even greater accumulation of cancerous cells for the same total duration of immunosuppression. Finally, we show that short challenges of immune activation could lead to a slightly decrease in cancerous cell accumulation compared to a long one. Our results predict that frequent and acute immune challenges could have a different and in some extent higher impact on cancer risk than persistent ones even they have been much less studied in cancer epidemiology. These results are discussed regarding the existing empirical evidences and we suggest potential novel indirect role of infectious diseases on cancer incidence which should be investigated to improve prevention strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacqueline
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34394, France MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34394, France
| | - Youssef Bourfia
- Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), UMR 7598 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 6, Boîte courrier 187, ;Paris, Cedex 05 75252, France Université Cadi Ayyad Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Dynamique de Populations, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hassan Hbid
- Université Cadi Ayyad Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Dynamique de Populations, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, Bondy Cedex 93143, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- BiogéoSciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34394, France MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34394, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34394, France International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, Bondy Cedex 93143, France
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Lee J, Kim T, Park S, Han K, Kim SC. Prognostic clinical factors associated with remission and relapse in bullous pemphigoid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:81-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Gangnam Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - T.H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Gangnam Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S.H. Park
- Department of Dermatology; Gangnam Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - K. Han
- Department of Dermatology; Gangnam Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit; Gangnam Medical Research Center; Yonsei university College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S.-C. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Gangnam Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Engelmann F, Rivera A, Park B, Messerle-Forbes M, Jensen JT, Messaoudi I. Impact of Estrogen Therapy on Lymphocyte Homeostasis and the Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Post-Menopausal Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149045. [PMID: 26859566 PMCID: PMC4747494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that changes in levels of ovarian steroids modulate severity of autoimmune disease and immune function in young adult women. These observations suggest that the loss of ovarian steroids associated with menopause could affect the age-related decline in immune function, known as immune senescence. Therefore, in this study, we determined the impact of menopause and estrogen therapy (ET) on lymphocyte subset frequency as well as the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccine in three different groups: 1) young adult women (regular menstrual cycles, not on hormonal contraception); 2) post-menopausal (at least 2 years) women who are not receiving any form of hormone therapy (HT) and 3) post-menopausal hysterectomized women receiving ET. Although the numbers of circulating CD4 and CD20 B cells were reduced in the post-menopausal group receiving ET, we also detected a better preservation of naïve B cells, decreased CD4 T cell inflammatory cytokine production, and slightly lower circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Following vaccination, young adult women generated more robust antibody and T cell responses than both post-menopausal groups. Despite similar vaccine responses between the two post-menopausal groups, we observed a direct correlation between plasma 17β estradiol (E2) levels and fold increase in IgG titers within the ET group. These findings suggest that ET affects immune homeostasis and that higher plasma E2 levels may enhance humoral responses in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Engelmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Rivera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Byung Park
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marci Messerle-Forbes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey T. Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang J, Xie Y, Sun X, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Lotze MT, Tang D. DAMPs, ageing, and cancer: The 'DAMP Hypothesis'. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:3-16. [PMID: 25446804 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of many forms of damage at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level with advancing age. Ageing increases the risk of the onset of chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. In particular, ageing and cancer share some common origins and hallmarks such as genomic instability, epigenetic alteration, aberrant telomeres, inflammation and immune injury, reprogrammed metabolism, and degradation system impairment (including within the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagic machinery). Recent advances indicate that damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1, histones, S100, and heat shock proteins play location-dependent roles inside and outside the cell. These provide interaction platforms at molecular levels linked to common hallmarks of ageing and cancer. They can act as inducers, sensors, and mediators of stress through individual plasma membrane receptors, intracellular recognition receptors (e.g., advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptors, AIM2-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and NOD1-like receptors, and toll-like receptors), or following endocytic uptake. Thus, the DAMP Hypothesis is novel and complements other theories that explain the features of ageing. DAMPs represent ideal biomarkers of ageing and provide an attractive target for interventions in ageing and age-associated diseases.
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a serious global health problem worldwide due to frequent and severe outbreaks. IAV causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, due to the ineffectiveness of the vaccine and the alteration of T cell immunity with ageing. The cellular and molecular link between ageing and virus infection is unclear and it is possible that damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may play a role in the raised severity and susceptibility of virus infections in the elderly. DAMPs which are released from damaged cells following activation, injury or cell death can activate the immune response through the stimulation of the inflammasome through several types of receptors found on the plasma membrane, inside endosomes after endocytosis as well as in the cytosol. In this review, the detriment in the immune system during ageing and the links between influenza virus infection and ageing will be discussed. In addition, the role of DAMPs such as HMGB1 and S100/Annexin in ageing, and the enhanced morbidity and mortality to severe influenza infection in ageing will be highlighted.
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Laberge RM, Sun Y, Orjalo AV, Patil CK, Freund A, Zhou L, Curran SC, Davalos AR, Wilson-Edell KA, Liu S, Limbad C, Demaria M, Li P, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Javors M, Desprez PY, Benz CC, Kapahi P, Nelson PS, Campisi J. MTOR regulates the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype by promoting IL1A translation. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1049-61. [PMID: 26147250 PMCID: PMC4691706 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase limits longevity by poorly understood mechanisms. Rapamycin suppresses the mammalian TORC1 complex, which regulates translation, and extends lifespan in diverse species, including mice. We show that rapamycin selectively blunts the pro-inflammatory phenotype of senescent cells. Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by preventing cell proliferation. However, as senescent cells accumulate with age, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can disrupt tissues and contribute to age-related pathologies, including cancer. MTOR inhibition suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by senescent cells. Rapamycin reduced IL6 and other cytokine mRNA levels, but selectively suppressed translation of the membrane-bound cytokine IL1A. Reduced IL1A diminished NF-κB transcriptional activity, which controls much of the SASP; exogenous IL1A restored IL6 secretion to rapamycin-treated cells. Importantly, rapamycin suppressed the ability of senescent fibroblasts to stimulate prostate tumour growth in mice. Thus, rapamycin might ameliorate age-related pathologies, including late-life cancer, by suppressing senescence-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sun
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Key Lab of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Arturo V. Orjalo
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | | | - Adam Freund
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Samuel C. Curran
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | | | | | - Su Liu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Patrick Li
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Gene B. Hubbard
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
- Research Service, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
- GRECC, Audie Murphy VA Hospital (STVHCS), San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Martin Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
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IL-6-mediated environmental conditioning of defective Th1 differentiation dampens antitumour immune responses in old age. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6702. [PMID: 25850032 PMCID: PMC4396369 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in immune function and inflammation concomitantly develop with ageing. Here we focus on the impact of this inflammatory environment on T cells, and demonstrate that in contrast to successful tumour elimination in young mice, replenishment of tumour-specific CD4+ T cells fails to induce tumour regression in aged hosts. The impaired antitumour effect of CD4+ T cells with their defective Th1 differentiation in an aged environment is restored by interleukin (IL)-6 blockade or IL-6 deficiency. IL-6 blockade also restores the impaired ability of CD4+ T cells to promote CD8+ T-cell-dependent tumour elimination in aged mice, which requires IFN-γ. Furthermore, IL-6-stimulated production of IL-4/IL-21 through c-Maf induction is responsible for impaired Th1 differentiation. IL-6 also contributes to IL-10 production from CD4+ T cells in aged mice, causing attenuated responses of CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that IL-6 serves as an extrinsic factor counteracting CD4+ T-cell-mediated immunity against tumour in old age. T-cell responses are dysregulated in aged humans and mice, which leads to poor antitumour responses. Here, the authors demonstrate that this phenomenon is at least partially due to an overproduction of IL-6 caused by ageing and its inhibitory effect on Th1 differentiation of tumour-specific CD4 T cells.
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Hamer M, Smith L, Stamatakis E. Prospective association of TV viewing with acute phase reactants and coagulation markers: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:322-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Icariin intervenes in cardiac inflammaging through upregulation of SIRT6 enzyme activity and inhibition of the NF-kappa B pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:895976. [PMID: 25688369 PMCID: PMC4320867 DOI: 10.1155/2015/895976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of icariin (ICA) on cardiac aging through its effects on the SIRT6 enzyme and on the NF-κB pathway. Investigating the effect of ICA on the enzymatic activity of histone deacetylase SIRT6 revealed a concentration of 10(-8) mol/L ICA had a maximum activating effect on histone deacetylase SIRT6 enzymatic activity. Western analysis showed that ICA upregulated SIRT6 protein expression and downregulated NF-κB (p65) protein expression in animal tissues and cell models. ICA upregulated the expression of SIRT6 and had an inhibitory effect on NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways as shown by decreasing mRNA levels of the NF-κB downstream target genes TNF-α, ICAM-1, IL-2, and IL-6. Those effects were mediated directly or indirectly by SIRT6. We provided evidence that inflammaging may involve a novel link between the effects of ICA on SIRT6 (a regulator of aging) and NF-κB (a regulator of inflammation).
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Rizzo C, Caruso C, Vasto S. Possible role of ABO system in age-related diseases and longevity: a narrative review. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:16. [PMID: 25512760 PMCID: PMC4265994 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ABO blood group antigens are expressed either on the surface of red blood cells either on a variety of other cells. Based on the available knowledge of the genes involved in their biosynthesis and their tissue distribution, their polymorphism has been suggested to provide intraspecies diversity allowing to cope with diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens. Accordingly, the different prevalence of ABO group genotypes among the populations has been demonstrated to be driven by malaria selection. In the similar manner, a particular ABO blood group may contribute to favour life-extension via biological mechanisms important for surviving or eluding serious disease. In this review, we will suggest the possible association of ABO group with age-related diseases and longevity taking into account the biological role of the ABO glycosyltransferases on some inflammatory mediators as adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rizzo
- Unit of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy ; Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Unit of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy ; Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- National Center for Research, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy ; Department of Science and Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
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Takkunen MJ, de Mello VDF, Schwab US, Ågren JJ, Kuusisto J, Uusitupa MIJ. Associations of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with the concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and adiponectin in 1373 men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:169-74. [PMID: 25087591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary and endogenous fatty acids could play a role in low-grade inflammation. In this cross-sectional study the proportions of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (EMFA) and the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and adiponectin were measured and their confounder-adjusted associations examined in 1373 randomly selected Finnish men aged 45-70 years participating in the population based Metsim study in Eastern Finland. The sum of n-6 EMFAs, without linoleic acid (LA), was positively associated with concentrations of CRP and IL-1Ra (r partial=0.139 and r partial=0.115, P<0.001). These associations were especially strong among lean men (waist circumference <94 cm; r partial=0.156 and r partial=0.189, P<0.001). Total n-3 EMFAs correlated inversely with concentrations of CRP (r partial=-0.098, P<0.001). Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) correlated positively with CRP (r partial=0.096, P<0.001). Cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) was associated with high concentrations of adiponectin (r partial=0.139, P<0.001). In conclusion, n-6 EMFAs, except for LA, correlated positively with the inflammatory markers. Palmitoleic acid was associated with CRP, whereas, interestingly, its elongation product, cis-vaccenic acid, associated with anti-inflammatory adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Takkunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - V D F de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - U S Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J J Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine and Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M I J Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Peluso I, Miglio C, Morabito G, Ioannone F, Serafini M. Flavonoids and Immune Function in Human: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:383-95. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Geriatric dyspnea: doing worse, feeling better. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:94-9. [PMID: 24675044 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Older age is associated with a decline in physical fitness and reduced efficiency of the respiratory system. Paradoxically, it is also related to reduced report of dyspnea, that is, the experience of difficult and uncomfortable breathing. Reduced symptom reporting contributes to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis of underlying disease, suboptimal treatment, faster disease progression, shorter life expectancy, lower quality of life for patients, and considerably increased costs for the health care system in an aging society. However, pathways in the complex relationship between dyspnea and age are not well explored yet. We propose a model on geriatric dyspnea that integrates physiological, neurological, psychological and social pathways which link older age with dyspnea perception and expression. We suggest that the seemingly paradox of reduction of dyspnea in older age, despite physiological decline, can be solved by taking age-related changes on these multiple levels into account. In identifying these variables, the Geriatric Dyspnea Model highlights risk factors for reduced dyspnea perception and report in older age and pathways for intervention.
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Kamal MA, Priyamvada S, Anbazhagan AN, Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Greig NH. Linking Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus via aberrant insulin signaling and inflammation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2014; 13:338-46. [PMID: 24074448 PMCID: PMC5947865 DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two progressive and devastating health disorders afflicting millions of people worldwide. The probability and incidence of both have increased considerably in recent years consequent to increased longevity and population growth. Progressively more links are being continuously found between inflammation and central nervous system disorders like AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury and even cancers of the nervous tissue. The depth of the relationship depends on the timing and extent of anti- or pro-inflammatory gene expression. Inflammation has also been implicated in T2DM. Misfolding and fibrillization (of tissue specific and/or non-specific proteins) are features common to both AD and T2DM and are induced by as well as contribute to inflammation and stress (oxidative/ glycation). This review appraises the roles of inflammation and abnormalities in the insulin signaling system as important shared features of T2DM and AD. The capacity of anti-cholinesterases in reducing the level of certain common inflammatory markers in particular if they may provide therapeutic potential to mitigate awry mechanisms leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nigel H Greig
- Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Berghella AM, Contasta I, Marulli G, D'Innocenzo C, Garofalo F, Gizzi F, Bartolomucci M, Laglia G, Valeri M, Gizzi M, Friscioni M, Barone M, Del Beato T, Secinaro E, Pellegrini P. Ageing gender-specific "Biomarkers of Homeostasis", to protect ourselves against the diseases of the old age. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:3. [PMID: 24498974 PMCID: PMC3923003 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory state causes the development of the principal chronic-degenerative pathologies related with ageing. Consequently, it is required a better comprehension of the physiologic origins and the consequences of the low-grade inflammatory state for the identification of 1) the basic mechanisms that lead to the chronic inflammatory state and, after that, to the progression toward the pathologies and 2) the parallel identification of the prognostic biomarkers typical of these passages. These biomarkers could bring to several improvements in the health quality, allowing an early diagnosis and more effective treatments for: a) the prevention strategies on the healthy population, to assure a healthy longevity and b) the identification of personalized treatment in patients, to assure the benefit of the therapy. For the identification of these biomarkers it is necessary to consider that the ageing processes produce alterations of the physiologic systems and that these modifications compromise the communications between these networks: this state constitutes an obstacle for an appropriate physiologic homeostasis, that plays a fundamental role for the safeguard of the health. It is also to be considered that immune senescence affects both men and women, but it does it in different ways: a sexual dimorphism of immune pathways in the setting of immune response homeostasis is normally present, as we previously underlined. Therefore we hypothesize that, in order to prevent the development of the chronic-degenerative pathologies related with ageing, it is important to identify "Biomarkers of Homeostasis " specific for each gender: these are biologic molecules that should be measurable in a practical and no-invasive way and whose variations can quantify the male and female risk of losing the physiologic system homeostatic capacity. This competence is not only critical in the control of inflammation, but it is also prognostic for the passages from low-grade inflammatory state to the chronic inflammation and to the progression toward the degenerative pathologies. Beginning from the actual results, our intent is 1) to discuss and underline the importance of these new research perspectives in the definition of ageing gender-specific clinical "Biomarkers of Homeostasis" and 2) to propose homeostasis biomarkers, already present in the research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Berghella
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Unità Operativa di Supporto (UOS), via G, Carducci, 32 - Rotilio Center, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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TNFα promotes osteosarcoma progression by maintaining tumor cells in an undifferentiated state. Oncogene 2013; 33:4236-41. [PMID: 24336323 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is frequently associated with tumorigenesis in elderly people. By contrast, young people without chronic inflammation often develop tumors considered independent of chronic inflammation but driven instead by mutations. Thus, whether inflammation has a significant role in tumor progression in tumors driven by mutations remains largely unknown. Here we show that TNFα is required for the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, the most common tumor in children and adolescents. We show that transplantation of AX osteosarcoma cells, which harbor mutations driving c-Myc overexpression and Ink4a-deficiency, in wild-type mice promotes lethal tumorigenesis accompanied by ectopic bone formation and multiple metastases, phenotypes seen in osteosarcoma patients. Such tumorigenesis was completely abrogated in TNFα-deficient mice. AX cells have the capacity to undergo osteoblastic differentiation; however, that activity was significantly inhibited by TNFα treatment, suggesting that TNFα maintains AX cells in an undifferentiated state. TNFα inhibition of AX cell osteoblastic differentiation occurred through ERK activation, and a pharmacological TNFα inhibitor effectively inhibited both AX cell tumorigenesis and increased osteoblastic gene expression and increased survival of tumor-bearing mice. Lethal tumorigenesis of AX cells was also abrogated in IL-1α/IL-1β doubly deficient mice. We found that both TNFα and IL-1 maintained AX cells in an undifferentiated state via ERK activation. Thus, inflammatory cytokines are required to promote tumorigenesis even in mutation-induced tumors, and TNFα/IL-1 and ERK may represent therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
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Network analysis reveals functional cross-links between disease and inflammation genes. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3426. [PMID: 24305783 PMCID: PMC3851881 DOI: 10.1038/srep03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Connections between inflammation and diseases are suggested important in understanding the genetic mechanisms of diseases. However, studies on the functional cross-links between inflammation and disease genes are still in their early stages. We integrated the protein–protein interaction (PPI), inflammation genes, and gene–disease associations to construct a disease-inflammation network (DIN). We found that nodes, which are both inflammation and disease genes (namely inter-genes), are topologically important in the DIN structure. Via mapping inter-genes to PPI, we classified diseases into two categories, which are significantly different in Intimacy measuring the contribution of inflammation genes to the connections between disease pairs. Furthermore, we constructed a cross-talking subpathways network. As indicated, the cross-subpathway analysis shows great performance in capturing higher-level relationship among inflammation and disease processes. Collectively, The network-based analysis provides us a rather promising insight into the intricate relationship between inflammation and disease genes.
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Geifman N, Rubin E. The mouse age phenome knowledgebase and disease-specific inter-species age mapping. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81114. [PMID: 24312529 PMCID: PMC3849212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Similarities between mice and humans lead to generation of many mouse models of human disease. However, differences between the species often result in mice being unreliable as preclinical models for human disease. One difference that might play a role in lowering the predictivity of mice models to human diseases is age. Despite the important role age plays in medicine, it is too often considered only casually when considering mouse models. Methods We developed the mouse-Age Phenotype Knowledgebase, which holds knowledge about age-related phenotypic patterns in mice. The knowledgebase was extensively populated with literature-derived data using text mining techniques. We then mapped between ages in humans and mice by comparing the age distribution pattern for 887 diseases in both species. Results The knowledgebase was populated with over 9800 instances generated by a text-mining pipeline. The quality of the data was manually evaluated, and was found to be of high accuracy (estimated precision >86%). Furthermore, grouping together diseases that share similar age patterns in mice resulted in clusters that mirror actual biomedical knowledge. Using these data, we matched age distribution patterns in mice and in humans, allowing for age differences by shifting either of the patterns. High correlation (r2>0.5) was found for 223 diseases. The results clearly indicate a difference in the age mapping between different diseases: age 30 years in human is mapped to 120 days in mice for Leukemia, but to 295 days for Anemia. Based on these results we generated a mice-to-human age map which is publicly available. Conclusions We present here the development of the mouse-APK, its population with literature-derived data and its use to map ages in mice and human for 223 diseases. These results present a further step made to bridging the gap between humans and mice in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nophar Geifman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Eitan Rubin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Hamer M, Lavoie KL, Bacon SL. Taking up physical activity in later life and healthy ageing: the English longitudinal study of ageing. Br J Sports Med 2013; 48:239-43. [PMID: 24276781 PMCID: PMC3913225 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity is associated with improved overall health in those people who survive to older ages, otherwise conceptualised as healthy ageing. Previous studies have examined the effects of mid-life physical activity on healthy ageing, but not the effects of taking up activity later in life. We examined the association between physical activity and healthy ageing over 8 years of follow-up. Methods Participants were 3454 initially disease-free men and women (aged 63.7±8.9 years at baseline) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective study of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline (2002–2003) and through follow-up. Healthy ageing, assessed at 8 years of follow-up (2010-2011), was defined as those participants who survived without developing major chronic disease, depressive symptoms, physical or cognitive impairment. Results At follow-up, 19.3% of the sample was defined as healthy ageing. In comparison with inactive participants, moderate (OR, 2.67, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.64), or vigorous activity (3.53, 2.54 to 4.89) at least once a week was associated with healthy ageing, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, marital status and wealth. Becoming active (multivariate adjusted, 3.37, 1.67 to 6.78) or remaining active (7.68, 4.18 to 14.09) was associated with healthy ageing in comparison with remaining inactive over follow-up. Conclusions Sustained physical activity in older age is associated with improved overall health. Significant health benefits were even seen among participants who became physically active relatively late in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hamer
- Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, , London, UK
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Lanna A, Coutavas E, Levati L, Seidel J, Rustin MHA, Henson SM, Akbar AN, Franzese O. IFN-α inhibits telomerase in human CD8⁺ T cells by both hTERT downregulation and induction of p38 MAPK signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3744-52. [PMID: 23997212 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine IFN-α is secreted during viral infections and has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity and accelerate T cell differentiation in vivo. However, the mechanism for this inhibition is not clear. In this study, we show that IFN-α inhibits both the transcription and translation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, in activated CD8(+) T cells. This was associated with increased activity of the repressor of hTERT transcription E2 transcription factor and decreased activation of NF-κB that promotes hTERT transcription. However IFN-α did not affect the translocation of hTERT from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. IFN-α also inhibits AKT kinase activation but increases p38 MAPK activity, and both of these events have been shown previously to inhibit telomerase activity. Addition of BIRB796, an inhibitor of p38 activity, to IFN-α-treated cells reversed, in part, the inhibition of telomerase by this cytokine. Therefore, IFN-α can inhibit the enzyme telomerase in CD8(+) T cells by transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. Furthermore, the addition of IFN-α to CD8(+)CD27(+)CD28(+) T cells accelerates the loss of both these costimulatory molecules. This suggests that persistent viral infections may contribute to the accumulation of highly differentiated/senescent CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-) T cells during aging by promoting IFN-α secretion during repeated episodes of viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lanna
- Pharmacology Section, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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The hallmarks of cancer and the radiation oncologist: updating the 5Rs of radiobiology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013; 25:569-77. [PMID: 23850153 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of radiobiological phenomena that can be integrated within the broader context of cancer biology offers the prospect of transforming clinical practice in radiation oncology. In this review, we revisit the six established biological hallmarks of cancer and examine how they have provided insights into novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, we discuss the potential of two emerging hallmarks to continue to expand our understanding beyond the narrow confines of the traditional 5Rs of radiobiology.
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Abstract
The concept of the tumour microenvironment recognizes that the interplay between cancer cells and stromal cells is a crucial determinant of cancer growth. In this Perspectives article, we propose the novel concept that the tumour microenvironment is built through rate-limiting steps during multistage carcinogenesis. Construction of a 'precancer niche' is a necessary and early step that is required for initiated cells to survive and evolve; subsequent niche expansion and maturation accompany tumour promotion and progression, respectively. As such, cancer niches represent an emergent property of a tumour that could be a robust target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Masuda H, Fukushima H, Kawakami S, Numao N, Fujii Y, Saito K, Koga F, Ishioka J, Yokoyama M, Kihara K. Impact of Advanced Age on Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy in Japanese Men According to Pathological Stage. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:410-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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