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Costanzo F, Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L, Egly JM. CS proteins and ubiquitination: orchestrating DNA repair with transcription and cell division. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00116-8. [PMID: 38910038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
To face genotoxic stress, eukaryotic cells evolved extremely refined mechanisms. Defects in counteracting the threat imposed by DNA damage underlie the rare disease Cockayne syndrome (CS), which arises from mutations in the CSA and CSB genes. Although initially defined as DNA repair proteins, recent work shows that CSA and CSB act instead as master regulators of the integrated response to genomic stress by coordinating DNA repair with transcription and cell division. CSA and CSB exert this function through the ubiquitination of target proteins, which are effectors/regulators of these processes. This review describes how the ubiquitination of target substrates is a common denominator by which CSA and CSB participate in different aspects of cellular life and how their mutation gives rise to the complex disease CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Costanzo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Jean Marc Egly
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, Strasbourg, France; College of Medicine, Centre for Genomics and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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Kimsa-Dudek M, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Adamska J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Matwijczuk A, Karcz D, Gagoś M, Gola JM. Redox homeostasis in human renal cells that had been treated with amphotericin B in combination with selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:557-571. [PMID: 38587587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amphotericin B (AmB) in the therapy of systemic mycosis is associated with strong side effects, including nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Therefore, agents that can reduce the toxic effects of AmB while acting synergistically as antifungal agents are currently being sought. 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives are promising compounds that have an antifungal activity and act synergically with AmB. Such combinations might allow the dose of AmB, which is essential for preventing patients from having serious side effects, to be decreased. This might result from the antioxidant properties of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate redox homeostasis in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) after they had been treated with AmB in combination with 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. METHODS Cellular redox homeostasis was assessed by investigating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of cells, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT). TAC was measured using an ABTS method. The MDA concentration, and the activity of SOD, GPX, and CAT were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available assays. Additionally, the antioxidant defense system-related gene expression profile was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays (HG-U133A 2.0). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm the microarray results. RESULTS Amphotericin B and selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives had a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity of the RPTEC cells, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. We also revealed that the effect of thiadiazoles on the SOD and CAT activities is dependent on the treatment of RPTEC cells with AmB. At the transcriptional level, the expression of several genes was affected by the studied compounds and their combinations. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that thiadiazoles can stimulate the RPTEC cells to defend against the oxidative stress that is generated by AmB. In addition, together with the previously demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity, and low nephrotoxicity, these compounds have the potential to be used in new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- Department of Nutrigenomics, and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland.
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical, and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally- Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology, and Environmental Analytics, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, 31-155, Poland
- ECOTECH-COMPLEX-Analytical, and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally- Friendly Technologies, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Głęboka 39, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
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Sabharwal A, Gupta V, Kv S, Kumar Manokaran R, Verma A, Mishra A, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Sivadas A, Rawat S, Jolly B, Mohanty S, Gulati S, Gupta N, Kabra M, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Whole genome sequencing followed by functional analysis of genomic deletion encompassing ERCC8 and NDUFAF2 genes in a non-consanguineous Indian family reveals dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics leading to infant mortality. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101844. [PMID: 38237647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Genomic investigations on an infant who presented with a putative mitochondrial disorder led to identification of compound heterozygous deletion with an overlapping region of ∼142 kb encompassing two nuclear encoded genes namely ERCC8 and NDUFAF2. Investigations on fetal-derived fibroblast culture demonstrated impaired bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains the phenotype and observed infant mortality in the present study. The genetic findings from this study extended the utility of whole-genome sequencing as it led to development of a MLPA-based assay for carrier screening in the extended family and the prenatal testing aiding in the birth of two healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States.
| | - Vishu Gupta
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shamsudheen Kv
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Ankit Verma
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul C Bhoyar
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Bani Jolly
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Chatgilialoglu C, Krokidis MG, Masi A, Barata-Vallejo S, Ferreri C, Pascucci B, D’Errico M. Assessing the Formation of Purine Lesions in Mitochondrial DNA of Cockayne Syndrome Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1630. [PMID: 36358980 PMCID: PMC9687895 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA and nuclear (n) DNA have known structures and roles in cells; however, they are rarely compared under specific conditions such as oxidative or degenerative environments that can create damage to the DNA base moieties. Six purine lesions were ascertained in the mtDNA of wild type (wt) CSA (CS3BE-wtCSA) and wtCSB (CS1AN-wtCSB) cells and defective counterparts CS3BE and CS1AN in comparison with the corresponding total (t) DNA (t = n + mt). In particular, the four 5',8-cyclopurine (cPu) and the two 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) lesions were accurately quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis using isotopomeric internal standards after an enzymatic digestion procedure. The 8-oxo-Pu levels were found to be in the range of 25-50 lesions/107 nucleotides in both the mtDNA and tDNA. The four cPu were undetectable in the mtDNA both in defective cells and in the wt counterparts (CSA and CSB), contrary to their detection in tDNA, indicating a nonappearance of hydroxyl radical (HO•) reactivity within the mtDNA. In order to assess the HO• reactivity towards purine nucleobases in the two genetic materials, we performed γ-radiolysis experiments coupled with the 8-oxo-Pu and cPu quantifications on isolated mtDNA and tDNA from wtCSB cells. In the latter experiments, all six purine lesions were detected in both of the DNA, showing a higher resistance to HO• attack in the case of mtDNA compared with tDNA, likely due to their different DNA helical topology influencing the relative abundance of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61–614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marios G. Krokidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimíca, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Crochemore C, Cimmaruta C, Fernández-Molina C, Ricchetti M. Reactive Species in Progeroid Syndromes and Aging-Related Processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:208-228. [PMID: 34428933 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive species have been classically considered causative of age-related degenerative processes, but the scenario appears considerably more complex and to some extent counterintuitive than originally anticipated. The impact of reactive species in precocious aging syndromes is revealing new clues to understand and perhaps challenge the resulting degenerative processes. Recent Advances: Our understanding of reactive species has considerably evolved, including their hormetic effect (beneficial at a certain level, harmful beyond this level), the occurrence of diverse hormetic peaks in different cell types and organisms, and the extended type of reactive species that are relevant in biological processes. Our understanding of the impact of reactive species has also expanded from the dichotomic damaging/signaling role to modulation of gene expression. Critical Issues: These new concepts are affecting the study of aging and diseases where aging is greatly accelerated. We discuss how notions arising from the study of the underlying mechanisms of a progeroid disease, Cockayne syndrome, represent a paradigm shift that may shed a new light in understanding the role of reactive species in age-related degenerative processes. Future Issues: Future investigations urge to explore established and emerging notions to elucidate the multiple contributions of reactive species in degenerative processes linked to pathophysiological aging and their possible amelioration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 208-228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiara Cimmaruta
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Fernández-Molina
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Chikhaoui A, Kraoua I, Calmels N, Bouchoucha S, Obringer C, Zayoud K, Montagne B, M’rad R, Abdelhak S, Laugel V, Ricchetti M, Turki I, Yacoub-Youssef H. Heterogeneous clinical features in Cockayne syndrome patients and siblings carrying the same CSA mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:121. [PMID: 35248096 PMCID: PMC8898519 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ERCC6/CSB or ERCC8/CSA that participate in the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) of UV-induced DNA damage. CS patients display a large heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and severities, the reason of which is not fully understood, and that cannot be anticipated in the diagnostic phase. In addition, little data is available for affected siblings, and this disease is largely undiagnosed in North Africa. Methods We report here the clinical description as well as genetic and functional characterization of eight Tunisian CS patients, including siblings. These patients, who belonged to six unrelated families, underwent complete clinical examination and biochemical analyses. Sanger sequencing was performed for the recurrent mutation in five families, and targeted gene sequencing was done for one patient of the sixth family. We also performed Recovery RNA Synthesis (RRS) to confirm the functional impairment of DNA repair in patient-derived fibroblasts. Results Six out of eight patients carried a homozygous indel mutation (c.598_600delinsAA) in exon 7 of ERCC8, and displayed a variable clinical spectrum including between siblings sharing the same mutation. The other two patients were siblings who carried a homozygous splice-site variant in ERCC8 (c.843+1G>C). This last pair presented more severe clinical manifestations, which are rarely associated with CSA mutations, leading to gastrostomy and hepatic damage. Impaired TC-NER was confirmed by RRS in six tested patients. Conclusions This study provides the first deep characterization of case series of CS patients carrying CSA mutations in North Africa. These mutations have been described only in this region and in the Middle-East. We also provide the largest characterization of multiple unrelated patients, as well as siblings, carrying the same mutation, providing a framework for dissecting elusive genotype–phenotype correlations in CS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02257-1.
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Abstract
The XPG/ERCC5 endonuclease was originally identified as the causative gene for Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group G. Ever since its discovery, in depth biochemical, structural and cell biological studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into its function in excising DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair, together with the ERCC1–XPF endonuclease. In recent years, it has become evident that XPG has additional important roles in genome maintenance that are independent of its function in NER, as XPG has been implicated in protecting replication forks by promoting homologous recombination as well as in resolving R-loops. Here, we provide an overview of the multitasking of XPG in genome maintenance, by describing in detail how its activity in NER is regulated and the evidence that points to important functions outside of NER. Furthermore, we present the various disease phenotypes associated with inherited XPG deficiency and discuss current ideas on how XPG deficiency leads to these different types of disease.
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Lanzafame M, Branca G, Landi C, Qiang M, Vaz B, Nardo T, Ferri D, Mura M, Iben S, Stefanini M, Peverali FA, Bini L, Orioli D. Cockayne syndrome group A and ferrochelatase finely tune ribosomal gene transcription and its response to UV irradiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10911-10930. [PMID: 34581821 PMCID: PMC8565352 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CSA and CSB proteins are key players in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions from the transcribed strands of expressed genes. Additionally, CS proteins play relevant but still elusive roles in other cellular pathways whose alteration may explain neurodegeneration and progeroid features in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here we identify a CS-containing chromatin-associated protein complex that modulates rRNA transcription. Besides RNA polymerase I (RNAP1) and specific ribosomal proteins (RPs), the complex includes ferrochelatase (FECH), a well-known mitochondrial enzyme whose deficiency causes erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Impairment of either CSA or FECH functionality leads to reduced RNAP1 occupancy on rDNA promoter that is associated to reduced 47S pre-rRNA transcription. In addition, reduced FECH expression leads to an abnormal accumulation of 18S rRNA that in primary dermal fibroblasts from CS and EPP patients results in opposed rRNA amounts. After cell irradiation with UV light, CSA triggers the dissociation of the CSA–FECH–CSB–RNAP1–RPs complex from the chromatin while it stabilizes its binding to FECH. Besides disclosing a function for FECH within nucleoli, this study sheds light on the still unknown mechanisms through which CSA modulates rRNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Branca
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Debora Ferri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mura
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo A Peverali
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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9
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Chakraborty A, Tapryal N, Islam A, Mitra S, Hazra T. Transcription coupled base excision repair in mammalian cells: So little is known and so much to uncover. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103204. [PMID: 34390916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized bases in the genome has been implicated in various human pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurological diseases. Their repair is initiated with excision by DNA glycosylases (DGs) in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Among the five oxidized base-specific human DGs, OGG1 and NTH1 preferentially excise oxidized purines and pyrimidines, respectively, while NEILs remove both oxidized purines and pyrimidines. However, little is known about why cells possess multiple DGs with overlapping substrate specificities. Studies of the past decades revealed that some DGs are involved in repair of oxidized DNA base lesions in the actively transcribed regions. Preferential removal of lesions from the transcribed strands of active genes, called transcription-coupled repair (TCR), was discovered as a distinct sub-pathway of nucleotide excision repair; however, such repair of oxidized DNA bases had not been established until our recent demonstration of NEIL2's role in TC-BER of the nuclear genome. We have shown that NEIL2 forms a distinct transcriptionally active, repair proficient complex. More importantly, we for the first time reconstituted TC-BER using purified components. These studies are important for characterizing critical requirement for the process. However, because NEIL2 cannot remove all types of oxidized bases, it is unlikely to be the only DNA glycosylase involved in TC-BER. Hence, we postulate TC-BER process to be universally involved in maintaining the functional integrity of active genes, especially in post-mitotic, non-growing cells. We further postulate that abnormal bases (e.g., uracil), and alkylated and other small DNA base adducts are also repaired via TC-BER. In this review, we have provided an overview of the various aspects of TC-BER in mammalian cells with the hope of generating significant interest of many researchers in the field. Further studies aimed at better understanding the mechanistic aspects of TC-BER could help elucidate the linkage of TC-BER deficiency to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nisha Tapryal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Kajitani GS, Brace L, Trevino-Villarreal JH, Trocha K, MacArthur MR, Vose S, Vargas D, Bronson R, Mitchell SJ, Menck CFM, Mitchell JR. Neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation in a Cockayne syndrome mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22710-22731. [PMID: 34628368 PMCID: PMC8544306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare, autosomal genetic disorder characterized by premature aging-like features, such as cachectic dwarfism, retinal atrophy, and progressive neurodegeneration. The molecular defect in CS lies in genes associated with the transcription-coupled branch of the nucleotide excision DNA repair (NER) pathway, though it is not yet clear how DNA repair deficiency leads to the multiorgan dysfunction symptoms of CS. In this work, we used a mouse model of severe CS with complete loss of NER (Csa-/-/Xpa-/-), which recapitulates several CS-related phenotypes, resulting in premature death of these mice at approximately 20 weeks of age. Although this CS model exhibits a severe progeroid phenotype, we found no evidence of in vitro endothelial cell dysfunction, as assessed by measuring population doubling time, migration capacity, and ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, aortas from CX mice did not exhibit early senescence nor reduced angiogenesis capacity. Despite these observations, CX mice presented blood brain barrier disruption and increased senescence of brain endothelial cells. This was accompanied by an upregulation of inflammatory markers in the brains of CX mice, such as ICAM-1, TNFα, p-p65, and glial cell activation. Inhibition of neovascularization did not exacerbate neither astro- nor microgliosis, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory phenotype is independent of the neurovascular dysfunction present in CX mice. These findings have implications for the etiology of this disease and could contribute to the study of novel therapeutic targets for treating Cockayne syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lear Brace
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kaspar Trocha
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Robert MacArthur
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Vose
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorathy Vargas
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roderick Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Jayne Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - James Robert Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Ghit A. Immunofluorescence studies to dissect the impact of Cockayne syndrome A alterations on the protein interaction and cellular localization. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:88. [PMID: 34132928 PMCID: PMC8208330 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cockayne syndrome (CS), which was discovered by Alfred Cockayne nearly 75 years ago, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth failure, neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and other clinical features including microcephaly, ophthalmologic abnormalities, dental caries, and cutaneous photosensitivity. These alterations are caused by mutations in the CSA or CSB genes, both of which are involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), the sub-pathway of NER that rapidly removes UV-induced DNA lesions which block the progression of the transcription machinery in the transcribed strand of active genes. Several studies assumed that CSA and CSB genes can play additional roles outside TC-NER, due to the wide variations in type and severity of the CS phenotype and the lack of a clear relationship between genotype and phenotype. To address this issue, our lab generated isogenic cell lines expressing wild type as well as different versions of mutated CSA proteins, fused at the C-terminus with the Flag and HA epitope tags (CSAFlag-HA). In unpublished data, the identity of the CSA-interacting proteins was determined by mass spectrometry. Among which three subunits (namely, CCT3, CCT8, and TCP1) of the TRiC/CCT complex appeared as novel interactors. TRiC is a chaperonin involved in the folding of newly synthesized or unfolded proteins. The aim of this study is directed to investigate by immunofluorescence analysis the impact of the selected CSA mutations on the subcellular localization of the CSA protein itself as well as on its novel interactors CCT3, CCT8, and TCP1. Results We showed that specific CSA mutations impair the proper cellular localization of the protein, but have no impact on the cellular distribution of the TRiC subunits or CSA/TRiC co-localization. Conclusion We suggested that the activity of the TRiC complex does not rely on the functionality of CSA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00190-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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12
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Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Cockayne Syndrome Group B (CSB): The Regulatory Framework Governing the Multifunctional Protein and Its Plausible Role in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040866. [PMID: 33920220 PMCID: PMC8068816 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair syndrome characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations such as neurodegeneration, premature aging, developmental impairment, photosensitivity and other symptoms. Mutations in Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) are present in the vast majority of CS patients and in other DNA repair-related pathologies. In the literature, the role of CSB in different DNA repair pathways has been highlighted, however, new CSB functions have been identified in DNA transcription, mitochondrial biology, telomere maintenance and p53 regulation. Herein, we present an overview of identified structural elements and processes that impact on CSB activity and its post-translational modifications, known to balance the different roles of the protein not only during normal conditions but most importantly in stress situations. Moreover, since CSB has been found to be overexpressed in a number of different tumors, its role in cancer is presented and possible therapeutic targeting is discussed.
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Krokidis MG, D’Errico M, Pascucci B, Parlanti E, Masi A, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. Oxygen-Dependent Accumulation of Purine DNA Lesions in Cockayne Syndrome Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071671. [PMID: 32664519 PMCID: PMC7407219 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative premature aging disorder associated with defects in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Cells from CS patients, with mutations in CSA or CSB genes, present elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are defective in the repair of a variety of oxidatively generated DNA lesions. In this study, six purine lesions were ascertained in wild type (wt) CSA, defective CSA, wtCSB and defective CSB-transformed fibroblasts under different oxygen tensions (hyperoxic 21%, physioxic 5% and hypoxic 1%). In particular, the four 5′,8-cyclopurine (cPu) and the two 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) lesions were accurately quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis using isotopomeric internal standards after an enzymatic digestion procedure. cPu levels were found comparable to 8-oxo-Pu in all cases (3–6 lesions/106 nucleotides), slightly increasing on going from hyperoxia to physioxia to hypoxia. Moreover, higher levels of four cPu were observed under hypoxia in both CSA and CSB-defective cells as compared to normal counterparts, along with a significant enhancement of 8-oxo-Pu. These findings revealed that exposure to different oxygen tensions induced oxidative DNA damage in CS cells, repairable by NER or base excision repair (BER) pathways. In NER-defective CS patients, these results support the hypothesis that the clinical neurological features might be connected to the accumulation of cPu. Moreover, the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria in CS cells is associated with a reduction in the oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-639-8309
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15
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Vessoni AT, Guerra CCC, Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLS, Garcia CCM. Cockayne Syndrome: The many challenges and approaches to understand a multifaceted disease. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190085. [PMID: 32453336 PMCID: PMC7250278 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The striking and complex phenotype of Cockayne syndrome (CS) patients combines progeria-like features with developmental deficits. Since the establishment of the in vitro culture of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with CS in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the genetic alterations associated with the disease and their impact on molecular, cellular, and organismal functions. In this review, we provide a historic perspective on the research into CS by revisiting seminal papers in this field. We highlighted the great contributions of several researchers in the last decades, ranging from the cloning and characterization of CS genes to the molecular dissection of their roles in DNA repair, transcription, redox processes and metabolism control. We also provide a detailed description of all pathological mutations in genes ERCC6 and ERCC8 reported to date and their impact on CS-related proteins. Finally, we review the contributions (and limitations) of many genetic animal models to the study of CS and how cutting-edge technologies, such as cell reprogramming and state-of-the-art genome editing, are helping us to address unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Chaves Coelho Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Luz Souza Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Phan T, Khalid F, Iben S. Nucleolar and Ribosomal Dysfunction-A Common Pathomechanism in Childhood Progerias? Cells 2019; 8:E534. [PMID: 31167386 PMCID: PMC6627804 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus organizes around the sites of transcription by RNA polymerase I (RNA Pol I). rDNA transcription by this enzyme is the key step of ribosome biogenesis and most of the assembly and maturation processes of the ribosome occur co-transcriptionally. Therefore, disturbances in rRNA transcription and processing translate to ribosomal malfunction. Nucleolar malfunction has recently been described in the classical progeria of childhood, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS), which is characterized by severe signs of premature aging, including atherosclerosis, alopecia, and osteoporosis. A deregulated ribosomal biogenesis with enlarged nucleoli is not only characteristic for HGPS patients, but it is also found in the fibroblasts of "normal" aging individuals. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is also characterized by signs of premature aging, including the loss of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, and cataracts. It has been shown that all genes in which a mutation causes CS, are involved in rDNA transcription by RNA Pol I. A disturbed ribosomal biogenesis affects mitochondria and translates into ribosomes with a reduced translational fidelity that causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Therefore, it is speculated that disease-causing disturbances in the process of ribosomal biogenesis may be more common than hitherto anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Phan
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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17
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5',8-Cyclopurine Lesions in DNA Damage: Chemical, Analytical, Biological, and Diagnostic Significance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060513. [PMID: 31141888 PMCID: PMC6628319 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxynucleosides (cPu) are tandem-type lesions observed among the DNA purine modifications and identified in mammalian cellular DNA in vivo. These lesions can be present in two diasteroisomeric forms, 5′R and 5′S, for each 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine moiety. They are generated exclusively by hydroxyl radical attack to 2′-deoxyribose units generating C5′ radicals, followed by cyclization with the C8 position of the purine base. This review describes the main recent achievements in the preparation of the cPu molecular library for analytical and DNA synthesis applications for the studies of the enzymatic recognition and repair mechanisms, their impact on transcription and genetic instability, quantitative determination of the levels of lesions in various types of cells and animal model systems, and relationships between the levels of lesions and human health, disease, and aging, as well as the defining of the detection limits and quantification protocols.
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18
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Ferri D, Orioli D, Botta E. Heterogeneity and overlaps in nucleotide excision repair disorders. Clin Genet 2019; 97:12-24. [PMID: 30919937 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an essential DNA repair pathway devoted to the removal of bulky lesions such as photoproducts induced by the ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation. Deficiencies in NER typically result in a group of heterogeneous distinct disorders ranging from the mild UV sensitive syndrome to the cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum and the neurodevelopmental/progeroid conditions trichothiodystrophy, Cockayne syndrome and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal-syndrome. A complicated genetic scenario underlines these disorders with the same gene linked to different clinical entities as well as different genes associated with the same disease. Overlap syndromes with combined hallmark features of different NER disorders can occur and sporadic presentations showing extra features of the hematological disorder Fanconi Anemia or neurological manifestations mimicking Hungtinton disease-like syndromes have been described. Here, we discuss the multiple functions of the five major pleiotropic NER genes (ERCC3/XPB, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC5/XPG, ERCC1 and ERCC4/XPF) and their relevance in phenotypic complexity. We provide an update of mutational spectra and examine genotype-phenotype relationships. Finally, the molecular defects that could explain the puzzling overlap syndromes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Ferri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Cordisco S, Tinaburri L, Teson M, Orioli D, Cardin R, Degan P, Stefanini M, Zambruno G, Guerra L, Dellambra E. Cockayne Syndrome Type A Protein Protects Primary Human Keratinocytes from Senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:38-50. [PMID: 30009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, cause an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and skin photosensitivity and atrophy. Beyond its role in DNA repair, the CSA protein has additional functions in transcription and oxidative stress response, which are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of CSA protein in primary human keratinocyte senescence. Primary keratinocytes from three patients with CS-A displayed premature aging features, namely premature clonal conversion, high steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species and 8-OH-hydroxyguanine, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Stable transduction of CS-A keratinocytes with the wild-type CSA gene restored the normal cellular sensitivity to UV irradiation and normal 8-OH-hydroxyguanine levels. Gene correction was also characterized by proper restoration of keratinocyte clonogenic capacity and expression of clonal conversion key regulators (p16 and p63), decreased NF-κB activity and, in turn, the expression of its targets (NOX1 and MnSOD), and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype mediators. Overall, the CSA protein plays an important role in protecting cells from senescence by facilitating DNA damage processing, maintaining physiological redox status and keratinocyte clonogenic ability, and reducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-mediated inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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20
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First molecular study in Lebanese patients with Cockayne syndrome and report of a novel mutation in ERCC8 gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:161. [PMID: 30200888 PMCID: PMC6131905 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurological and sensorial impairment, dwarfism, microcephaly and photosensitivity. CS is caused by mutations in ERCC6 (CSB) or ERCC8 (CSA) genes. Methods Three patients with CS were referred to the Medical Genetics Unit of Saint Joseph University. Sanger sequencing of both ERCC8 and ERCC6 genes was performed: ERCC8 was tested in all patients while ERCC6 in one of them. Results Sequencing led to the identification of three homozygous mutations, two in ERCC8 (p.Y322* and c.843 + 1G > C) and one in ERCC6 (p.R670W). All mutations were previously reported as pathogenic except for the c.843 + 1G > C splice site mutation in ERCC8 which is novel. Conclusions Molecular diagnosis was established in all patients included in our study. A genotype-phenotype correlation is discussed and a link, between mutations and some specific religious communities in Lebanon, is suggested. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0677-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Sanchez-Roman I, Lautrup S, Aamann MD, Neilan EG, Østergaard JR, Stevnsner T. Two Cockayne Syndrome patients with a novel splice site mutation - clinical and metabolic analyses. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:7-16. [PMID: 29944916 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which leads to neurodegeneration, growth failure and premature aging. Most of the cases are due to mutations in the ERCC6 gene, which encodes the protein CSB. CSB is involved in several functions including DNA repair and transcription. Here we describe two Danish brothers with CS. Both patients carried a novel splice site mutation (c.2382+2T>G), and a previously described nonsense mutation (c.3259C>T, p.Arg1087X) in a biallelic state. Both patients presented the cardinal features of the disease including microcephaly, congenital cataract and postnatal growth failure. In addition, their fibroblasts were hypersensitive to UV irradiation and exhibited increased superoxide levels in comparison to fibroblasts from healthy age and gender matched individuals. Metabolomic analysis revealed a distinctive metabolic profile in cells from the CS patients compared to control cells. Among others, α-ketoglutarate, hydroxyglutarate and certain amino acids (ornithine, proline and glycine) were reduced in the CS patient fibroblasts, whereas glycolytic intermediates (glucose-6-phosphate and pyruvic acid) and fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and myristic acid) were increased. Our data not only provide additional information to the database of CS mutations, but also point towards targets for potential treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sanchez-Roman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Diget Aamann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Edward G Neilan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Østergaard
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Laporte GA, Leguisamo NM, Kalil AN, Saffi J. Clinical importance of DNA repair in sporadic colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 126:168-185. [PMID: 29759559 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, despite the scientific efforts to provide a molecular classification to improve CRC clinical practice management, prognosis and therapeutic decision are still strongly dependent on the TNM staging system. Mismatch repair system deficiencies can occur in many organs, but it is mainly a hallmark of CRC influencing clinical outcomes and response to therapy. This review will discuss the effect of the modulation of other DNA repair pathways (direct, excision and double strand break repairs) in the clinical and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer and its potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Laporte
- Surgical Oncology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Leguisamo
- Institute of Cardiology/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio N Kalil
- Surgical Oncology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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23
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Calmels N, Botta E, Jia N, Fawcett H, Nardo T, Nakazawa Y, Lanzafame M, Moriwaki S, Sugita K, Kubota M, Obringer C, Spitz MA, Stefanini M, Laugel V, Orioli D, Ogi T, Lehmann AR. Functional and clinical relevance of novel mutations in a large cohort of patients with Cockayne syndrome. J Med Genet 2018; 55:329-343. [PMID: 29572252 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare, autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by prenatal or postnatal growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, ocular and skeletal abnormalities and premature ageing. About half of the patients with symptoms diagnostic for CS show cutaneous photosensitivity and an abnormal cellular response to UV light due to mutations in either the ERCC8/CSA or ERCC6/CSB gene. Studies performed thus far have failed to delineate clear genotype-phenotype relationships. We have carried out a four-centre clinical, molecular and cellular analysis of 124 patients with CS. METHODS AND RESULTS We assigned 39 patients to the ERCC8/CSA and 85 to the ERCC6/CSB genes. Most of the genetic variants were truncations. The missense variants were distributed non-randomly with concentrations in relatively short regions of the respective proteins. Our analyses revealed several hotspots and founder mutations in ERCC6/CSB. Although no unequivocal genotype-phenotype relationships could be made, patients were more likely to have severe clinical features if the mutation was downstream of the PiggyBac insertion in intron 5 of ERCC6/CSB than if it was upstream. Also a higher proportion of severely affected patients was found with mutations in ERCC6/CSB than in ERCC8/CSA. CONCLUSION By identifying >70 novel homozygous or compound heterozygous genetic variants in 124 patients with CS with different disease severity and ethnic backgrounds, we considerably broaden the CSA and CSB mutation spectrum responsible for CS. Besides providing information relevant for diagnosis of and genetic counselling for this devastating disorder, this study improves the definition of the puzzling genotype-phenotype relationships in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Calmels
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Heather Fawcett
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Genome Repair, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Katsuo Sugita
- Division of Child Health, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Aude Spitz
- Départementde Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Départementde Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Genome Repair, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Bukowska B, Karwowski BT. Actual state of knowledge in the field of diseases related with defective nucleotide excision repair. Life Sci 2018; 195:6-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Pascucci B, Fragale A, Marabitti V, Leuzzi G, Calcagnile AS, Parlanti E, Franchitto A, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. CSA and CSB play a role in the response to DNA breaks. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11581-11591. [PMID: 29545921 PMCID: PMC5837770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CS proteins have been involved in the repair of a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we analyse the role of CS proteins in DNA break repair by studying histone H2AX phosphorylation in different cell cycle phases and DNA break repair by comet assay in CS-A and CS-B primary and transformed cells. Following methyl methane sulphate treatment a significant accumulation of unrepaired single strand breaks was detected in CS cells as compared to normal cells, leading to accumulation of double strand breaks in S and G2 phases. A delay in DSBs repair and accumulation in S and G2 phases were also observed following IR exposure. These data confirm the role of CSB in the suppression of NHEJ in S and G2 phase cells and extend this function to CSA. However, the repair kinetics of double strand breaks showed unique features for CS-A and CS-B cells suggesting that these proteins may act at different times along DNA break repair. The involvement of CS proteins in the repair of DNA breaks may play an important role in the clinical features of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Cristallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.,Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Section of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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26
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Mutations in Cockayne Syndrome-Associated Genes (Csa and Csb) Predispose to Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 36:4758-70. [PMID: 27122034 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3890-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cisplatin is a common and effective chemotherapeutic agent, yet it often causes permanent hearing loss as a result of sensory hair cell death. The causes of sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents in nondividing cell populations, such as cochlear hair and supporting cells, are poorly understood, as are the specific DNA repair pathways that protect these cells. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a conserved and versatile DNA repair pathway for many DNA-distorting lesions, including cisplatin-DNA adducts. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss is observed in a subset of NER-associated DNA repair disorders including Cockayne syndrome and some forms of xeroderma pigmentosum. We investigated whether either of the two overlapping branches that encompass NER, transcription-coupled repair or global genome repair, which are implicated in Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum group C, respectively, modulates cisplatin-induced hearing loss and cell death in the organ of Corti, the auditory sensory epithelium of mammals. We report that cochlear hair cells and supporting cells in transcription-coupled repair-deficient Cockayne syndrome group A (Csa(-/-)) and group B (Csb(-/-)) mice are hypersensitive to cisplatin, in contrast to global genome repair-deficient Xpc(-/-) mice, both in vitro and in vivo We show that sensory hair cells in Csa(-/-) and Csb(-/-) mice fail to remove cisplatin-DNA adducts efficiently in vitro; and unlike Xpc(-/-) mice, Csa(-/-) and Csb(-/-) mice lose hearing and manifest outer hair cell degeneration after systemic cisplatin treatment. Our results demonstrate that Csa and Csb deficiencies predispose to cisplatin-induced hearing loss and hair/supporting cell damage in the mammalian organ of Corti, and emphasize the importance of transcription-coupled DNA repair in the protection against cisplatin ototoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The utility of cisplatin in chemotherapy remains limited due to serious side effects, including sensorineural hearing loss. We show that mouse models of Cockayne syndrome, a progeroid disorder resulting from a defect in the transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) branch of nucleotide excision repair, are hypersensitive to cisplatin-induced hearing loss and sensory hair cell death in the organ of Corti, the mammalian auditory sensory epithelium. Our work indicates that Csa and Csb, two genes involved in TCR, are preferentially required to protect against cisplatin ototoxicity, relative to global genome repair-specific elements of nucleotide excision repair, and suggests that TCR is a major force maintaining DNA integrity in the cochlea. The Cockayne syndrome mice thus represent a model for testing the contribution of DNA repair mechanisms to cisplatin ototoxicity.
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27
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Pascucci B, D'Errico M, Romagnoli A, De Nuccio C, Savino M, Pietraforte D, Lanzafame M, Calcagnile AS, Fortini P, Baccarini S, Orioli D, Degan P, Visentin S, Stefanini M, Isidoro C, Fimia GM, Dogliotti E. Overexpression of parkin rescues the defective mitochondrial phenotype and the increased apoptosis of Cockayne Syndrome A cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:102852-102867. [PMID: 29262528 PMCID: PMC5732694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERCC8/CSA gene encodes a WD-40 repeat protein (CSA) that is part of a E3-ubiquitin ligase/COP9 signalosome complex. When mutated, CSA causes the Cockayne Syndrome group A (CS-A), a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CS-A cells features include ROS hyperproduction, accumulation of oxidative genome damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process. In this study, we show that CSA localizes to mitochondria and specifically interacts with the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein (DRP1) that is hyperactivated when CSA is defective. Increased fission is not counterbalanced by increased mitophagy in CS-A cells thus leading to accumulation of fragmented mitochondria. However, when mitochondria are challenged with the mitochondrial toxin carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenyl hydrazine, CS-A fibroblasts undergo mitophagy as efficiently as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this process remains targetable to get rid of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, when basal mitophagy was potentiated by overexpressing Parkin in CSA deficient cells, a significant rescue of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype was observed. Importantly, Parkin overexpression not only reactivates basal mitophagy, but plays also an anti-apoptotic role by significantly reducing the translocation of Bax at mitochondria in CS-A cells. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of CSA in mitochondrial maintenance and might open new perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baccarini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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28
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Influence of nucleotide excision repair on mitoxantrone cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Shabbir SH. DNA Repair Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: Lessons From Rare Pediatric Disorders. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:392-6. [PMID: 26116382 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815592221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair disorders display a wide range of clinical syndromes and presentations, all associated at the molecular level by dysfunction of genes participating in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Genotype-phenotype relationships are remarkably complex and not well understood. This article outlines neurodegenerative symptoms seen in nucleotide excision repair disorders and explores the role that nucleotide excision repair dysfunction can play in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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Spivak G, Hanawalt PC. Photosensitive human syndromes. Mutat Res 2015; 776:24-30. [PMID: 26255937 PMCID: PMC4531261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitivity in humans can result from defects in repair of light-induced DNA lesions, from photoactivation of chemicals (including certain medications) with sunlight to produce toxic mediators, and by immune reactions to sunlight exposures. Deficiencies in DNA repair and the processing of damaged DNA during replication and transcription may result in mutations and genomic instability. We will review current understanding of photosensitivity to short wavelength ultraviolet light (UV) due to genetic defects in particular DNA repair pathways; deficiencies in some are characterized by an extremely high incidence of cancer in sun-exposed tissues, while in others no cancers have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Spivak
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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31
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Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Bauer JW, Kofler B. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a neglected component of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:607-14. [PMID: 24980550 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing. Ten per cent of patients with primary mitochondrial disorders present skin manifestations that can be categorized into hair abnormalities, rashes, pigmentation abnormalities and acrocyanosis. Less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism. This review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases. We explore the intriguing observation that a wide array of skin disorders presents with primary or secondary mitochondrial pathology and that a variety of molecular defects can cause dysfunctional mitochondria. Among them are mutations in mitochondrial- and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits and assembly factors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes; mutations in intermediate filament proteins involved in linking, moving and shaping of mitochondria; and disorders of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and heme synthesis. Thus, we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases. We conclude the article by discussing how improving mitochondrial function can be beneficial for aged skin and can be used as an adjunct therapy for certain skin disorders. Consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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32
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Bacolla A, Cooper DN, Vasquez KM. Mechanisms of base substitution mutagenesis in cancer genomes. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:108-46. [PMID: 24705290 PMCID: PMC3978516 DOI: 10.3390/genes5010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequence data provide an invaluable resource for inferring the key mechanisms by which mutations arise in cancer cells, favoring their survival, proliferation and invasiveness. Here we examine recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the predominant type of genetic alteration found in cancer cells, somatic single base substitutions (SBSs). Cytosine methylation, demethylation and deamination, charge transfer reactions in DNA, DNA replication timing, chromatin status and altered DNA proofreading activities are all now known to contribute to the mechanisms leading to base substitution mutagenesis. We review current hypotheses as to the major processes that give rise to SBSs and evaluate their relative relevance in the light of knowledge acquired from cancer genome sequencing projects and the study of base modifications, DNA repair and lesion bypass. Although gene expression data on APOBEC3B enzymes provide support for a role in cancer mutagenesis through U:G mismatch intermediates, the enzyme preference for single-stranded DNA may limit its activity genome-wide. For SBSs at both CG:CG and YC:GR sites, we outline evidence for a prominent role of damage by charge transfer reactions that follow interactions of the DNA with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other endogenous or exogenous electron-abstracting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Bacolla
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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