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Xie S, Wei S, Ma X, Wang R, He T, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang J, Chang L, Jing M, Li H, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173542. [PMID: 37324459 PMCID: PMC10264785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cholestatic liver disease caused by a class of autosomal gene mutations results in jaundice, which involves the abnormality of the synthesis, secretion, and other disorders of bile acids metabolism. Due to the existence of a variety of gene mutations, the clinical manifestations of children are also diverse. There is no unified standard for diagnosis and single detection method, which seriously hinders the development of clinical treatment. Therefore, the mutated genes of hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis were systematically described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Role and Regulation of Hepatobiliary ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters during Chemical-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1376-1388. [PMID: 35914951 PMCID: PMC9513844 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) ranges from mild, asymptomatic, and transient elevations in liver function tests to irreversible liver damage, often needing transplantation. Traditionally, DILI is classified mechanistically as high-frequency intrinsic DILI, commonly dose dependent or DILI that rarely occurs and is idiosyncratic in nature. This latter form is not dose dependent and has a pattern of histopathological manifestation that is not always uniform. Currently, a third type of DILI called indirect hepatotoxicity has been described that is associated with the pharmacological action of the drug. Historically, DILI was primarily linked to drug metabolism events; however, the impact of transporter-mediated rates of drug uptake and excretion has gained greater prominence in DILI research. This review provides a comprehensive view of the major findings from studies examining the contribution of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporters as key contributors to DILI and how changes in their expression and function influence the development, severity, and overall toxicity outcome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a focal point in drug development research. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have emerged as important determinants of drug detoxification, disposition, and safety. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature addressing: (a) the role of hepatic ABC transporters in DILI, (b) the influence of genetic mutations in ABC transporters on DILI, and (c) new areas of research emphasis, such as the influence of the gut microbiota and epigenetic regulation, on ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET) (C.I.G.) and Cátedra de Fisiopatología (C.I.G.), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (J.E.M.)
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET) (C.I.G.) and Cátedra de Fisiopatología (C.I.G.), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (J.E.M.)
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3
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Cai J, Rimal B, Jiang C, Chiang JYL, Patterson AD. Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108238. [PMID: 35792223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diversity, composition, and function of the bacterial community inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract contributes to host health through its role in producing energy or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic and immunologic functions. Bile acids are potent metabolic and immune signaling molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and then transported to the intestine where they can undergo metabolism by gut bacteria. The combination of host- and microbiota-derived enzymatic activities contribute to the composition of the bile acid pool and thus there can be great diversity in bile acid composition that depends in part on the differences in the gut bacteria species. Bile acids can profoundly impact host metabolic and immunological functions by activating different bile acid receptors to regulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of complex symbiotic metabolic networks, including glucose, lipid, steroid and xenobiotic metabolism, and modulation of energy homeostasis. Disruption of bile acid signaling due to perturbation of the gut microbiota or dysregulation of the gut microbiota-host interaction is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic disorders. The metabolic and immunological roles of bile acids in human health have led to novel therapeutic approaches to manipulate the bile acid pool size, composition, and function by targeting one or multiple components of the microbiota-bile acid-bile acid receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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4
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Zhou W, Anakk S. Enterohepatic and non-canonical roles of farnesoid X receptor in controlling lipid and glucose metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111616. [PMID: 35304191 PMCID: PMC9245558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally regulates bile acid homeostasis along with nutrient metabolism. In addition to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, FXR expression has been widely noted in kidney, adrenal gland, pancreas, adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. Except for the liver and gut, the relevance of FXR signaling in metabolism in other tissues remains poorly understood. This review examines the classical and non-canonical tissue-specific roles of FXR in regulating, lipids, and glucose homeostasis under normal and diseased states. FXR activation has been reported to be protective against cholestasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating FXR ligands as a therapeutic target for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and NASH, which substantiate the significance of FXR signaling in modulating metabolic processes. This review highlights that FXR ligands, albeit an attractive therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases, tissue-specific modulation of FXR may be the key to overcoming some of the adverse clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Non-cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics: Focus on the regulation of gene expression and enzyme activity. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108020. [PMID: 34637840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is one of the major biotransformation reactions that regulates the exposure of xenobiotics and their metabolites in the circulatory system and local tissues and organs, and influences their efficacy and toxicity. Although cytochrome (CY)P450s play critical roles in the oxidative reaction, extensive CYP450-independent oxidative metabolism also occurs in some xenobiotics, such as aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, flavin-containing monooxygenase, monoamine oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, or aldehyde dehydrogenase-dependent oxidative metabolism. Drugs form a large portion of xenobiotics and are the primary target of this review. The common reaction mechanisms and roles of non-CYP450 enzymes in metabolism, factors affecting the expression and activity of non-CYP450 enzymes in terms of inhibition, induction, regulation, and species differences in pharmaceutical research and development have been summarized. These non-CYP450 enzymes are detoxifying enzymes, although sometimes they mediate severe toxicity. Synthetic or natural chemicals serve as inhibitors for these non-CYP450 enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic-based drug interactions through these inhibitors have rarely been reported in vivo. Although multiple mechanisms participate in the basal expression and regulation of non-CYP450 enzymes, only a limited number of inducers upregulate their expression. Therefore, these enzymes are considered non-inducible or less inducible. Overall, this review focuses on the potential xenobiotic factors that contribute to variations in gene expression levels and the activities of non-CYP450 enzymes.
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6
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Kremoser C. FXR agonists for NASH: How are they different and what difference do they make? J Hepatol 2021; 75:12-15. [PMID: 33985820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M, OKeefe J. Association of moderately elevated trimethylamine N-oxide with cardiovascular risk: is TMAO serving as a marker for hepatic insulin resistance. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000890. [PMID: 30997120 PMCID: PMC6443140 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James OKeefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Kong X, Li B, Deng Y, Ma X. FXR Mediates Adenylyl Cyclase 8 Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8915818. [PMID: 31485455 PMCID: PMC6710725 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8915818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase 8 (ADCY8) and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) have been identified in pancreatic β-cells and play important roles in insulin secretion. But the mechanisms underlying with respect to the regulation of ADCY8 expression in β-cells, particularly whether FXR is involved, remain unexplored. We now show that ADCY8 expression is decreased in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat islets compared with healthy Wistar controls. We also found that reduced ADCY8 is associated with decreased expression of FXR. Consistently, ADCY8 expression was suppressed by the knockdown of FXR in INS-1 832/13 cells, as well as the islets from FXR knockout mice. On the contrary, ADCY8 expression was increased in FXR-overexpressed INS-1 832/13 cells or in the case of FXR activation. Mechanistically, FXR directly binds to Adcy8 promoter and recruits the histone acetyltransferase Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 (SRC1), thereby resulting in the increased acetylation of histone H3 in Adcy8 locus, promoting Adcy8 gene transcription in β-cells. Thus, this study indicates that FXR is a critical transcription factor that mediates ADCY8 expression in pancreatic β-cells and has characterized the chromatin modification associated with Adcy8 transcription.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Rats, Zucker
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Kong
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bingfeng Li
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yushen Deng
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Wu X, Li C, Mariyam Z, Jiang P, Zhou M, Zeb F, Haq IU, Chen A, Feng Q. Acrolein-induced atherogenesis by stimulation of hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 and a protection from hydroxytyrosol. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:475-485. [PMID: 29953618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, promotes the progression of atherosclerosis in association with inflammatory signaling pathway and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process. Additionally, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating cholesterol metabolism. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), as a major phenolic compound in olive oil, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activities in vitro and animal models. The current study was designed to evaluate whether FMO3 participated in pro-atherogenic process by acrolein and HT showed protective effect during this process. Here, endothelial cells and macrophage Raw264.7 cells were used as the cell models. Following oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) treatment, acrolein exposure promoted foam cells formation in macrophage Raw264.7 cells. The expression of FMO3 and inflammatory makers such as phospho-NF-κB, IL-1β, TNFα as well as IL-6 were significantly increased. However, ATP-binding cassette transporters subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), a major transporter in RCT process, was repressed by acrolein. In addition, FMO3 knockdown could suppress inflammatory markers and promote ABCA1 expression. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) was observed to reduce lipid accumulation, FMO3 expression as well as inflammatory response. Moreover, it promoted ABCA1 expression. Therefore, our findings indicated that acrolein-enhanced atherogenesis by increasing FMO3 which increased inflammatory responses and decreased ABCA1 in vitro can be alleviated by HT, which may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zahula Mariyam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Falak Zeb
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aochang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Kim KH, Choi JM, Li F, Arizpe A, Wooton-Kee CR, Anakk S, Jung SY, Finegold MJ, Moore DD. Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptor Signaling Determines Molecular Pathogenesis of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2435-2446. [PMID: 29718219 PMCID: PMC7263843 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of bile flow disruption due to abnormal canalicular transport or impaired bile acid (BA) metabolism, causing excess BA accumulation and liver failure. We previously reported an intrahepatic cholestasis mouse model based on loss of function of both farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) and a small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) [double knockout (DKO)], which has strong similarities to human PFIC5. We compared the pathogenesis of DKO livers with that of another intrahepatic cholestasis model, Bsep-/-, which represents human PFIC2. Both models exhibit severe hepatomegaly and hepatic BA accumulation, but DKO showed greater circulating BA and liver injury, and Bsep-/- had milder phenotypes. Molecular profiling of BAs uncovered specific enrichment of cholic acid (CA)-derived BAs in DKO livers but chenodeoxycholate-derived BAs in Bsep-/- livers. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed specific activation of CA synthesis and alternative basolateral BA transport in DKO but increased chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis and canalicular transport in Bsep-/-. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)/pregnane X receptor (PXR)-CYP2B/CYP2C axis is activated in DKO livers but not in other cholestasis models. Loss of this axis in Fxr:Shp:Car:Pxr quadruple knockouts blocked Cyp2b/Cyp2c gene induction, impaired bilirubin conjugation/elimination, and increased liver injury. Differential CYP2B expression in DKO and Bsep-/- was recapitulated in human PFIC5 and PFIC2 livers. In conclusion, loss of FXR/SHP results in distinct molecular pathogenesis and CAR/PXR activation, which promotes Cyp2b/Cyp2c gene transcription and bilirubin clearance. CAR/PXR activation was not observed in Bsep-/- mice or PFIC2 patients. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity of intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Armando Arizpe
- School of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: David D. Moore, PhD, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
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12
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Gibbs VK, Brewer RA, Miyasaki ND, Patki A, Smith DL. Sex-dependent Differences in Liver and Gut Metabolomic Profiles With Acarbose and Calorie Restriction in C57BL/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:157-165. [PMID: 28651373 PMCID: PMC5861978 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in treating type 2 diabetes, impairs complex carbohydrate digestion and absorption and extends life span in mice (without a requisite reduction in food intake). To assess sex-differential effects coincident with calorie restriction versus a nonrestricted longevity enhancing intervention, we evaluated the metabolite profiles (by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy) from livers and cecal contents of C57BL/6J mice (n = 4/sex/group), which were maintained for 10 months under one of the three diet treatments: ad libitum control diet (CON), ad libitum control diet containing 0.1% acarbose (ACA), or 40% calorie restriction using the control diet (CR). Principal component analysis revealed sex-differential profiles with ACA in livers. Of the identified metabolites (n = 621) in liver, CR significantly altered ~44% (males:187↑/131↓, females:74↑/148↓) compared with CON, in contrast with ACA (M:165↑/61↓, F:52↑/60↓). Dissimilarity in ACA-F liver metabolites was observed for ~50% of common metabolites from ACA-M and CR-M/F. CR resulted in fewer significant cecal metabolite differences (n = 615 metabolites; M:86↑/66↓, F:51↑/48↓ vs CON), relative to ACA treatment (M:32↑/189↓, F:36↑/137↓). Metabolomic profiling identifies sex-differential and tissue-specific effects with amino acid metabolism sub-pathways including those involving tryptophan, branch-chain and sulfur amino acids, and the urea cycle, as well as bile acid, porphyrin, and cofactor metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Alabama
| | - Rachel A Brewer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nathan D Miyasaki
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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13
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Petriello MC, Hoffman JB, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Emerging roles of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in metabolic diseases. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:105-110. [PMID: 27837601 PMCID: PMC5604474 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian systems have developed extensive molecular mechanisms to protect against the toxicity of many exogenous xenobiotic compounds. Interestingly, many detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their associated transcriptional activators [e.g. the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], have now been shown to have endogenous roles in normal physiology and the pathology of metabolic diseases. This mini-review will focus on two such instances: the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the formation of the cardiometabolic disease biomarker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the role of AhR as a sensor of endogenous ligands such as those generated by the gut microbiota. Understanding the roles of xenobiotic sensing pathways in endogenous metabolism will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of how exposure to environmental pollutants can perturb these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington Kentucky, USA
| | - Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington Kentucky, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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14
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Petriello MC, Hoffman JB, Sunkara M, Wahlang B, Perkins JT, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Dioxin-like pollutants increase hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase (FMO3) expression to promote synthesis of the pro-atherogenic nutrient biomarker trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary precursors. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:145-53. [PMID: 27155921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is impacted by multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors including dietary choices, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures. However, mechanisms linking diet, exposure to pollutants, and CVD risk are largely unclear. Recent studies identified a strong link between plasma levels of nutrient-derived Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and coronary artery disease. Dietary precursors of TMAO include carnitine and phosphatidylcholine, which are abundant in animal-derived foods. Dioxin-like pollutants can upregulate a critical enzyme responsible for TMAO formation, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), but a link between dioxin-like PCBs, upregulation of FMO3, and increased TMAO has not been reported. Here, we show that mice exposed acutely to dioxin-like PCBs exhibit increased hepatic FMO3 mRNA, protein, as well as an increase in circulating levels of TMAO following oral administration of its metabolic precursors. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 5μmol PCB 126/kg mouse weight (1.63mg/kg). At 48h post-PCB exposure, mice were subsequently given a single gavage of phosphatidylcholine dissolved in corn oil. Exposure to 5 μmole/kg PCB 126 resulted in greater than 100-fold increase in FMO3 mRNA expression, robust induction of FMO3 protein, and a 5-fold increase in TMAO levels compared with vehicle treated mice. We made similar observations in mice exposed to PCB 77 (49.6mg/kg twice); stable isotope tracer studies revealed increased formation of plasma TMAO from an orally administered precursor trimethylamine (TMA). Taken together, these observations suggest a novel diet-toxicant interaction that results in increased production of a circulating biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536.
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15
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Oshida K, Vasani N, Waxman DJ, Corton JC. Disruption of STAT5b-Regulated Sexual Dimorphism of the Liver Transcriptome by Diverse Factors Is a Common Event. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148308. [PMID: 26959975 PMCID: PMC4784905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) is a growth hormone (GH)-activated transcription factor and a master regulator of sexually dimorphic gene expression in the liver. Disruption of the GH hypothalamo-pituitary-liver axis controlling STAT5b activation can lead to metabolic dysregulation, steatosis, and liver cancer. Computational approaches were developed to identify factors that disrupt STAT5b function in a mouse liver gene expression compendium. A biomarker comprised of 144 STAT5b-dependent genes was derived using comparisons between wild-type male and wild-type female mice and between STAT5b-null and wild-type mice. Correlations between the STAT5b biomarker gene set and a test set comprised of expression datasets (biosets) with known effects on STAT5b function were evaluated using a rank-based test (the Running Fisher algorithm). Using a similarity p-value ≤ 10(-4), the test achieved a balanced accuracy of 99% and 97% for detection of STAT5b activation or STAT5b suppression, respectively. The STAT5b biomarker gene set was then used to identify factors that activate (masculinize) or suppress (feminize) STAT5b function in an annotated mouse liver and primary hepatocyte gene expression compendium of ~1,850 datasets. Disruption of GH-regulated STAT5b is a common phenomenon in liver in vivo, with 5% and 29% of the male datasets, and 11% and 13% of the female datasets, associated with masculinization or feminization, respectively. As expected, liver STAT5b activation/masculinization occurred at puberty and suppression/feminization occurred during aging and in mutant mice with defects in GH signaling. A total of 70 genes were identified that have effects on STAT5b activation in genetic models in which the gene was inactivated or overexpressed. Other factors that affected liver STAT5b function were shown to include fasting, caloric restriction and infections. Together, these findings identify diverse factors that perturb the hypothalamo-pituitary-liver GH axis and disrupt GH-dependent STAT5b activation in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiyu Oshida
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL/ORD, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Naresh Vasani
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL/ORD, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - David J. Waxman
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Corton
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL/ORD, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
The somatotropic signaling pathway has been implicated in aging and longevity studies in mice and other species. The physiology and lifespans of a variety of mutant mice, both spontaneous and genetically engineered, have contributed to our current understanding of the role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on aging-related processes. Several other mice discovered to live longer than their wild-type control counterparts also exhibit differences in growth factor levels; however, the complex nature of the phenotypic changes in these animals may also impact lifespan. The somatotropic axis impacts several pathways that dictate insulin sensitivity, nutrient sensing, mitochondrial function, and stress resistance as well as others that are thought to be involved in lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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