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Jing S, Gao J, Tiwari N, Du Y, Zhu L, Gim B, Qian Y, Yue X, Lee I. SUMOylated Golgin45 associates with PML-NB to transcriptionally regulate lipid metabolism genes during heat shock stress. Commun Biol 2024; 7:532. [PMID: 38710927 PMCID: PMC11074300 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Golgin tethers are known to mediate vesicular transport in the secretory pathway, whereas it is relatively unknown whether they may mediate cellular stress response within the cell. Here, we describe a cellular stress response during heat shock stress via SUMOylation of a Golgin tether, Golgin45. We found that Golgin45 is a SUMOylated Golgin via SUMO1 under steady state condition. Upon heat shock stress, the Golgin enters the nucleus by interacting with Importin-β2 and gets further modified by SUMO3. Importantly, SUMOylated Golgin45 appears to interact with PML and SUMO-deficient Golgin45 mutant functions as a dominant negative for PML-NB formation during heat shock stress, suppressing transcription of lipid metabolism genes. These results indicate that Golgin45 may play a role in heat stress response by transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism genes in SUMOylation-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yulei Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen YH, Zhang X, Attarian D, Kraus VB. Synergistic roles of CBX4 chromo and SIM domains in regulating senescence of primary human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:197. [PMID: 37828576 PMCID: PMC10568837 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is a critical factor contributing to osteoarthritis (OA). Overexpression of chromobox homolog 4 (CBX4) in a mouse system was demonstrated to alleviate post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) by reducing cellular senescence. Additionally, replicative cellular senescence of WI-38 fibroblasts can be attenuated by CBX4. However, the mechanisms underlying this senomorphic function of CBX4 are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CBX4 in cellular senescence in human primary osteoarthritic chondrocytes and to identify the functional domains of CBX4 necessary for its function in modulating senescence. METHODS Chondrocytes, isolated from 6 individuals undergoing total knee replacement for OA, were transduced with wild-type CBX4, mutant CBX4, and control lentiviral constructs. Senescence-related phenotypic outcomes included the following: multiple flow cytometry-measured markers (p16INK4A, senescence-associated β-galactosidase [SA-β-gal] activity and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP4], and proliferation marker EdU), multiplex ELISA-measured markers in chondrocyte culture media (senescence-associated secretory phenotypes [SASPs], including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9), and PCR array-evaluated senescence-related genes. RESULTS Compared with control, CBX4 overexpression in OA chondrocytes decreased DPP4 expression and SASP secretion and increased chondrocyte proliferation confirming CBX4 senomorphic effects on primary human chondrocytes. Point mutations of the chromodomain domain (CDM, involved in chromatin modification) alone were sufficient to partially block the senomorphic activity of CBX4 (p16INK4A and DPP4 increased, and EdU decreased) but had minimal effect on SASP secretion. Although having no effect on p16INK4A, DPP4, and EdU, deletion of two small-ubiquitin-like-modifier-interaction motifs (CBX4 ΔSIMs) led to increased SASP secretion (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8). The combination CBX4 CDMΔSIMs altered all these measures adversely and to a greater degree than the single domain mutants. Deletion of the C-terminal (CBX4 ΔC-box) involved with transcriptional silencing of polycomb group proteins increased IL-1β slightly but significantly but altered none of the other senescence outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS CBX4 has a senomorphic effect on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. CDM is critical for CBX4-mediated regulation of senescence. The SIMs are supportive but not indispensable for CBX4 senomorphic function while the C-box is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Attarian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Ramos JTGDS, Pereira AG, Ferrari FS, Andrade MF, de Melo CS, Boas PJFV, Felix TF, de Carvalho M, Dorna MS, Azevedo PS, Phillips BE, Polegato BF, Okoshi K, Bazan SGZ, Paiva SAR, Zornoff LAM, Reis PP, Minicucci MF. Circulating miRNAs are associated with frailty and ST-elevation myocardial infarction pathways. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 106:104870. [PMID: 36442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) share similar molecular pathways. Specific biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that cause the relationship between frailty and STEMI. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify and compare circulating miRNA levels between frail and non-frail older adults following STEMI and comprehend the regulatory miRNA-gene networks and pathways involved in this condition. METHODS This exploratory study is a subanalysis of a larger observational study. In this study, we selected patients ≥ 65 years old, following STEMI, with pre-frail/frail (n=5) and non-frail (n=4) phenotype evaluated using the Clinical Frailty Scale and serum circulating miRNA levels were analyzed. RESULTS Pre-frail/frail patients had greater serum levels of 53 miRNAs, compared with non-frail patients. Notably, miR-103a-3p, miR-598-3p, and miR-130a-3p were the top three significantly deregulated miRNAs predicted to modulate gene expression associated with aging. Additional computational analyses showed 7,420 predicted miRNA gene targets, which were regulated by at least two of the 53 identified miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that axon guidance and MAPK signaling were among pathways regulated by miRNA target genes. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest a correlation between the identified miRNAs, target genes, and pathways in pre-frail and frail patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Gomes Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Sanches Ferrari
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Morganna Freitas Andrade
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Caroline Souto de Melo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Genoveva de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Tainara F Felix
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcio de Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Dorna
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Paula Schmidt Azevedo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Bertha Furlan Polegato
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patricia P Reis
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Botucatu, Brazil
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Yan CH, Liu HW, Tian XX, Li J, Ding Y, Li Y, Mei Z, Zou MH, Han YL. AMPKα2 controls the anti-atherosclerotic effects of fish oils by modulating the SUMOylation of GPR120. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7721. [PMID: 36513627 PMCID: PMC9747961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming fish oils (FO) is linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in certain populations. However, FO failed to exhibit therapeutic effects in some patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the possible reasons for the inconsistent effects of FO. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 is an important energy metabolic sensor, which was reported to involve in FO mediated regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In an in vivo study, FO administration significantly reduced the aortic lesions and inflammation in the Ldlr-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis, but not in Ldlr-/-/Prkaa2-/-and Ldlr-/-/Prkaa2-/-Sm22Cre mice. Mechanistically, inactivation of AMPKα2 increased the SUMOylation of the fatty acid receptor GPR120 to block FO-induced internalization and binding to β-arrestin. In contrast, activation of AMPKα2 can phosphorylate the C-MYC at Serine 67 to inhibit its trans-localization into the nuclei and transcription of SUMO-conjugating E2 enzyme UBC9 and SUMO2/3 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which result in GPR120 SUMOylation. In human arteries, AMPKα2 levels were inversely correlated with UBC9 expression. In a cohort of patients with atherosclerosis, FO concentrations did not correlate with atherosclerotic severity, however, in a subgroup analysis a negative correlation between FO concentrations and atherosclerotic severity was found in patients with higher AMPKα2 levels. These data indicate that AMPKα2 is required for the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-hui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Hai-Wei Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Xiao-xiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Ye Ding
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Yi Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ya-ling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016 China
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3D microenvironment attenuates simulated microgravity-mediated changes in T cell transcriptome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:508. [PMID: 36063234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human space travel and exploration are of interest to both the industrial and scientific community. However, there are many adverse effects of spaceflight on human physiology. In particular, there is a lack of understanding of the extent to which microgravity affects the immune system. T cells, key players of the adaptive immune system and long-term immunity, are present not only in blood circulation but also reside within the tissue. As of yet, studies investigating the effects of microgravity on T cells are limited to peripheral blood or traditional 2D cell culture that recapitulates circulating blood. To better mimic interstitial tissue, 3D cell culture has been well established for physiologically and pathologically relevant models. In this work, we utilize 2D cell culture and 3D collagen matrices to gain an understanding of how simulated microgravity, using a random positioning machine, affects both circulating and tissue-resident T cells. T cells were studied in both resting and activated stages. We found that 3D cell culture attenuates the effects of simulated microgravity on the T cells transcriptome and nuclear irregularities compared to 2D cell culture. Interestingly, simulated microgravity appears to have less effect on activated T cells compared to those in the resting stage. Overall, our work provides novel insights into the effects of simulated microgravity on circulating and tissue-resident T cells which could provide benefits for the health of space travellers.
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miR-126-3p and miR-21-5p as Hallmarks of Bio-Positive Ageing; Correlation Analysis and Machine Learning Prediction in Young to Ultra-Centenarian Sicilian Population. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091505. [PMID: 35563810 PMCID: PMC9099697 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ageing can be characterized by a profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potentially predictors of biological age. They can be used as a biomarker of risk for age-related inflammatory outcomes, and senescent endothelial cells (ECs) have emerged as a possible source of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, a panel of four circulating miRNAs including miR-146a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-181a-5p, involved in several pathways related to inflammation, and ECs senescence that seem to be characteristic of the healthy ageing phenotype. The circulating levels of these miRNAs were determined in 78 healthy subjects aged between 22 to 111 years. Contextually, extracellular miR-146a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-181a-5p levels were measured in human ECs in vitro model, undergoing senescence. We found that the levels of the four miRNAs, using ex vivo and in vitro models, progressively increase with age, apart from ultra-centenarians that showed levels comparable to those measured in young individuals. Our results contribute to the development of knowledge regarding the identification of miRNAs as biomarkers of successful and unsuccessful ageing. Indeed, they might have diagnostic/prognostic relevance for age-related diseases.
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Kluever V, Fornasiero EF. Principles of brain aging: Status and challenges of modeling human molecular changes in mice. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101465. [PMID: 34555542 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extension of human life expectancy, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is rising in the older portion of society. Developing new strategies to delay or attenuate cognitive decline is vital. For this purpose, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular events at the basis of brain aging. While several organs are directly accessible to molecular analysis through biopsies, the brain constitutes a notable exception. Most of the molecular studies are performed on postmortem tissues, where cell death and tissue damage have already occurred. Hence, the study of the molecular aspects of cognitive decline largely relies on animal models and in particular on small mammals such as mice. What have we learned from these models? Do these animals recapitulate the changes observed in humans? What should we expect from future mouse studies? In this review we answer these questions by summarizing the state of the research that has addressed cognitive decline in mice from several perspectives, including genetic manipulation and omics strategies. We conclude that, while extremely valuable, mouse models have limitations that can be addressed by the optimal design of future studies and by ensuring that results are cross-validated in the human context.
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Siametis A, Niotis G, Garinis GA. DNA Damage and the Aging Epigenome. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:961-967. [PMID: 33494932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, genome instability and aging are intimately linked as illustrated by the growing list of patients with progeroid and animal models with inborn DNA repair defects. Until recently, DNA damage was thought to drive aging by compromising transcription or DNA replication, thereby leading to age-related cellular malfunction and somatic mutations triggering cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that DNA lesions also elicit widespread epigenetic alterations that threaten cell homeostasis as a function of age. In this review, we discuss the functional links of persistent DNA damage with the epigenome in the context of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Siametis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Niotis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Huang X, Zhang H, Guo R, Wang Q, Liu X, Kuang W, Song H, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Systematic identification and characterization of circular RNAs involved in flag leaf senescence of rice. PLANTA 2021; 253:26. [PMID: 33410920 PMCID: PMC7790769 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) identification, expression profiles, and construction of circRNA-parental gene relationships and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks indicate that circRNAs are involved in flag leaf senescence of rice. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of 3'-5' head-to-tail covalently closed non-coding RNAs which have been proved to play important roles in various biological processes. However, no systematic identification of circRNAs associated with leaf senescence in rice has been studied. In this study, a genome-wide high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed using rice flag leaves developing from normal to senescence. Here, a total of 6612 circRNAs were identified, among which, 113 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) during the leaf senescence process. Moreover, 4601 (69.59%) circRNAs were derived from the exons or introns of their parental genes, while 2110 (71%) of the parental genes produced only one circRNA. The sequence alignment analysis showed that hundreds of rice circRNAs were conserved among different plant species. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that parental genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in many biological processes closely related to leaf senescence. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), six continuously down-expressed circRNAs, 18 continuously up-expressed circRNAs and 15 turn-point high-expressed circRNAs were considered to be highly associated with leaf senescence. Additionally, a total of 17 senescence-associated circRNAs were predicted to have parental genes, in which, regulations of three circRNAs to their parental genes were validated by qRT-PCR. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were also constructed. And a total of 11 senescence-associated circRNAs were predicted to act as miRNA sponges to regulate mRNAs, in which, regulation of two circRNAs to eight mRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR. It is discussed that senescence-associated circRNAs were involved in flag leaf senescence probably through mediating their parental genes and ceRNA networks, to participate in several well-studied senescence-associated processes, mainly including the processes of transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification (especially protein glycosylation), oxidation-reduction process, involvement of senescence-associated genes, hormone signaling pathway, proteolysis, and DNA damage repair. This study not only showed the systematic identification of circRNAs involved in leaf senescence of rice, but also laid a foundation for functional research on candidate circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xuanzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weigang Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Liu X, Heras G, Lauschke VM, Mi J, Tian G, Gastaldello S. High glucose-induced oxidative stress accelerates myogenesis by altering SUMO reactions. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim YR, Jacobs JS, Li Q, Gaddam RR, Vikram A, Liu J, Kassan M, Irani K, Kumar S. SUMO2 regulates vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1292-H1300. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a posttranslational modification of lysine residues. Modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO)1, -2, and -3 can achieve varied, and often unique, physiological and pathological effects. We looked for SUMO2-specific effects on vascular endothelial function. SUMO2 expression was upregulated in the aortic endothelium of hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and was responsible for impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in these mice. Moreover, overexpression of SUMO2 in aortas ex vivo, in cultured endothelial cells, and transgenically in the endothelium of mice increased vascular oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Conversely, inhibition of SUMO2 impaired physiological endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in normocholesterolemic mice. These findings indicate that while endogenous SUMO2 is important in maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vascular function, its upregulation impairs vascular homeostasis and contributes to hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sumoylation is known to impair vascular function; however, the role of specific SUMOs in the regulation of vascular function is not known. Using multiple complementary approaches, we show that hyper-SUMO2ylation impairs vascular endothelial function and increases vascular oxidative stress, whereas endogenous SUMO2 is essential for maintenance of normal physiological function of the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julia S. Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Modar Kassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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12
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Princz A, Tavernarakis N. SUMOylation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Gerontology 2019; 66:122-130. [PMID: 31505513 DOI: 10.1159/000502142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are ubiquitous regulators of cellular processes. The regulatory role of SUMOylation, the attachment of a small ubiquitin-related modifier to a target protein, has been implicated in fundamental processes like cell division, DNA damage repair, mitochondrial homeostasis, and stress responses. Recently, it is gaining more attention in drug discovery as well. As life expectancy keeps rising, more individuals are at risk for developing age-associated diseases. This not only makes a person's life uncomfortable, but it also places an economic burden on society. Therefore, finding treatments for age-related diseases is an important issue. Understanding the basic mechanisms in the cell under normal and disease conditions is fundamental for drug discovery. There is an increasing number of reports showing that the ageing process could be influenced by SUMOylation. Similarly, SUMOylation is essential for proper neuronal function. In this review we summarize the latest results regarding the connection between SUMOylation and neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight the significance of specific SUMO target proteins and the importance of SUMO isoform specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Princz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, .,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,
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13
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Zhang DY, Yu K, Yang Z, Liu XZ, Ma XF, Li YX. Variation in expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers in injured sciatic nerve of mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1455-1461. [PMID: 30964073 PMCID: PMC6524499 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November 8, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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14
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Wang Z, Yang W. Impaired capacity to restore proteostasis in the aged brain after ischemia: Implications for translational brain ischemia research. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:87-93. [PMID: 30599146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia induced by cardiac arrest or ischemic stroke is a severe form of metabolic stress that substantially disrupts cellular homeostasis, especially protein homeostasis (proteostasis). As proteostasis is fundamental for cellular and organismal health, cells have developed a complex network to restore proteostasis impaired by stress. Many components of this network - including ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation, autophagy, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) - are activated in the post-ischemic brain, and play a crucial role in cell survival and recovery of neurologic function. Importantly, recent studies have shown that ischemia-induced activation of these proteostasis-related pathways in the aged brain is impaired, indicating an aging-related decline in the self-healing capacity of the brain. This impaired capacity is a significant factor for consideration in the field of brain ischemia because the vast majority of cardiac arrest and stroke patients are elderly. In this review, we focus on the effects of aging on these critical proteostasis-related pathways in the brain, and discuss their implications in translational brain ischemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Zhao C, Shen Q. Overexpression of small ubiquitin‑like modifier 2 ameliorates high glucose‑induced reductions in cardiomyocyte proliferation via the transforming growth factor‑β/Smad pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4877-4885. [PMID: 30280191 PMCID: PMC6236294 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia may induce diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). In the current study, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of high glucose (HG)-induced impairments in the proliferation of H9c2 embryo cardiomyocyte proliferation by small ubiquitin-like modifier 2 (SUMO2) overexpression was investigated. H9c2 cell morphology was identified as classical long shuttle type by optical microscopy. The viability of HG-injured H9c2 cells was evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the results indicated that viability was inhibited in a dose-dependent (5.6, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/l) and time-dependent (6, 12 and 24 h) manner. H9c2 cells treated with 20 mmol/l HG for 24 h were selected for subsequent experiments due to the extent of injury caused at a low density. Flow cytometry was conducted to confirm cell cycle arrest between G1/S phases and apoptosis promotion in HG-injured H9c2 cells, and the subsequent alleviating effect of SUMO2 overexpression on these HG-induced effects. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of cell cycle-and apoptosis-associated factors. The results indicated that the expression ofthe cell cycle-associated factors CyclinA2 and C-Myc was upregulated, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a was downregulated. The expression of the apoptosis-associated factor Bcl-2 was upregulated, while Bcl-2-associated X and caspase-3 expression was downregulated, by SUMO2 overexpression. Furthermore, the effect of SUMO2 overexpression on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway was also determined using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results indicated the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in HG-injured H9c2 cells were significantly decreased following SUMO2 overexpression. Thus, the results demonstrated that overexpression of SUMO2 may alleviate H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion induced by HG via regulation of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated factors, as well as inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. These results may therefore provide a novel strategy for the protection of cardiomyocytes and may aid the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Qile Shen
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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16
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Shan X, Roberts C, Lan Y, Percec I. Age Alters Chromatin Structure and Expression of SUMO Proteins under Stress Conditions in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11502. [PMID: 30065345 PMCID: PMC6068198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play a critical role in tissue homeostasis and repair. Aging leads to a decline in stem cells’ regenerative capacity that contributes significantly to the maintenance of organ and tissue functions. Age-dependent genomic and epigenetic modifications together play a role in the disruption of critical cellular pathways. However, the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the decline of adult stem cell functions remain to be well established. Here, we investigated age-dependent, genome-wide alterations in the chromatin accessibility of primary human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in comparison to age-matched fibroblasts via ATAC-seq technology. Our results demonstrate that aging ASCs possess globally more stable chromatin accessibility profiles as compared to aging fibroblasts, suggesting that robust regulatory mechanisms maintain adult stem cell chromatin structure against aging. Furthermore, we observed age-dependent subtle changes in promoter nucleosome positioning in selective pathways during aging, concurrent with altered small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) protein expression under stress conditions. Together, our data suggest a significant role for nucleosome positioning in sumoylation pathway regulation in stress response during adult stem cell aging. The differences described here between the chromatin structure of human ASCs and fibroblasts will further elucidate the mechanisms regulating gene expression during aging in both stem cells and differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Shan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cleresa Roberts
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ivona Percec
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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17
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Zhang D, Yu K, Yang Z, Li Y, Ma X, Bian X, Liu F, Li L, Liu X, Wu W. Silencing Ubc9 expression suppresses osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity to HSV-TK/GCV by regulating connexin 43 SUMOylation. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1323-1331. [PMID: 29956745 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) systems to kill tumor cells is partially dependent on the integrity of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) of targeted tumor cells. Recent studies have suggested that connexin 43 (Cx43), which serves a role in gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, is regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs). However, the roles of these post-translational modifications remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated overexpression of SUMO‑conjugating enzyme Ubc9 (Ubc9) protein in osteosarcoma. Silencing Ubc9 by siRNA inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, and significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to HSV-TK/GCV systems both in vitro and in vivo. Further experimentation demonstrated that silencing Ubc9 induced decoupling of SUMO1 from Cx43, generating increased free Cx43 levels, which is important for reconstructing GJIC and recovering cellular functions. In conclusion, the present study revealed a novel method for the effective restoration of GJIC in osteosarcoma cells, which may increase their sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianying Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Beijing University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Fengting Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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18
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Yang Y, He Y, Wang X, Liang Z, He G, Zhang P, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Protein SUMOylation modification and its associations with disease. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170167. [PMID: 29021212 PMCID: PMC5666083 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, as a post-translational modification, plays essential roles in various biological functions including cell growth, migration, cellular responses to stress and tumorigenesis. The imbalance of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation has been associated with the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Herein, we summarize and discuss the signal crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitination of proteins, protein SUMOylation relations with several diseases, and the identification approaches for SUMOylation site. With the continuous development of bioinformatics and mass spectrometry, several accurate and high-throughput methods have been implemented to explore small ubiquitin-like modifier-modified substrates and sites, which is helpful for deciphering protein SUMOylation-mediated molecular mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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19
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Vijayakumaran S, Pountney DL. SUMOylation, aging and autophagy in neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:53-57. [PMID: 29490232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is essential for the wellbeing of several cellular systems. Post-translational modifications (PTM) coordinate various pathways in response to abnormal aggregation of proteins in neurodegenerative disease states. In the presence of accumulating misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates, the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is associated with various substrates, including chaperones and other recruited factors, for refolding and for clearance via proteolytic systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPS), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy. However, these pathological aggregates are also known to inhibit both the UPS and CMA, further creating a toxic burden on cells. This review suggests that re-routing cytotoxic aggregates towards selective macroautophagy by modulating the SUMO pathway could provide new mechanisms towards neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Vijayakumaran
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Dean L Pountney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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20
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Zafeiris D, Rutella S, Ball GR. An Artificial Neural Network Integrated Pipeline for Biomarker Discovery Using Alzheimer's Disease as a Case Study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:77-87. [PMID: 29977480 PMCID: PMC6026215 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of machine learning has allowed researchers to generate and analyse vast amounts of data using a wide variety of methodologies. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are some of the most commonly used statistical models and have been successful in biomarker discovery studies in multiple disease types. This review seeks to explore and evaluate an integrated ANN pipeline for biomarker discovery and validation in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia worldwide with no proven cause and no available cure. The proposed pipeline consists of analysing public data with a categorical and continuous stepwise algorithm and further examination through network inference to predict gene interactions. This methodology can reliably generate novel markers and further examine known ones and can be used to guide future research in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zafeiris
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
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21
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Garvin AJ, Morris JR. SUMO, a small, but powerful, regulator of double-strand break repair. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160281. [PMID: 28847818 PMCID: PMC5577459 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to a DNA double-stranded break in mammalian cells is a process of sensing and signalling the lesion. It results in halting the cell cycle and local transcription and in the mediation of the DNA repair process itself. The response is launched through a series of post-translational modification signalling events coordinated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. More recently modifications of proteins by Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) isoforms have also been found to be key to coordination of the response (Morris et al. 2009 Nature462, 886-890 (doi:10.1038/nature08593); Galanty et al. 2009 Nature462, 935-939 (doi:10.1038/nature08657)). However our understanding of the role of SUMOylation is slight compared with our growing knowledge of how ubiquitin drives signal amplification and key chromatin interactions. In this review we consider our current knowledge of how SUMO isoforms, SUMO conjugation machinery, SUMO proteases and SUMO-interacting proteins contribute to directing altered chromatin states and to repair-protein kinetics at a double-stranded DNA lesion in mammalian cells. We also consider the gaps in our understanding.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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