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Menicagli V, Ruffini Castiglione M, Cioni E, Spanò C, Balestri E, De Leo M, Bottega S, Sorce C, Lardicci C. Stress responses of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical ibuprofen: Ecological implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135188. [PMID: 39024758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals like ibuprofen (IBU) entering marine environments are of great concern due to their increasing consumption and impact on wildlife. No information on IBU toxicity to seagrasses is yet available. Seagrasses form key habitats and are threatened worldwide by multiple stressors. Here, the responses of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to a short-term exposure (12 days) to environmentally realistic IBU concentrations (0.25-2.5-25 µg L-1), both at organism (plant growth) and sub-organism level (oxidative status, photosynthetic efficiency, and specialized metabolites production), were assessed in mesocosm. Chemical analyses to detect the presence of IBU and its metabolites in seawater and plants were also performed. IBU did not affect plant growth but caused physiological alterations which varied in severity depending on its concentration. Concentrations of 0.25 and 2.5 µg L-1 resulted in oxidative stress, but an increased antioxidant enzyme activity enabled plants to tolerate stress. A concentration of 25 µg L-1 caused greater oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and specialized metabolites production, and impaired photosynthetic machinery functioning (particularly PSII). IBU was detected in seawater but not in plants suggesting no bioaccumulation. These findings indicate that C. nodosa could not withstand high IBU stress, and this could reduce its resilience to additional environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Menicagli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Ruffini Castiglione
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emily Cioni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelina Spanò
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Bottega
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorce
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Robinson RFA, Mills GA, Gravell A, Schumacher M, Fones GR. Occurrence of organic pollutants in the River Itchen and River Test-two chalk streams in Southern England, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17965-17983. [PMID: 36205867 PMCID: PMC9928825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The River Itchen and River Test, two chalk streams in Southern England, are sites of special scientific interest. These ecosystems face a number of environmental pressures from anthropogenic inputs of organic pollutants. Hence, we investigated the occurrence of these chemicals within the two catchments. Spot water samples (1 L) were collected at nineteen sites along the catchment on two occasions (March and June 2019). Samples were extracted (HLB-L sorbent disks) and analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified against commercially available databases. Using this approach, we found 115 pharmaceutical and personal care products, 81 plant protection products and 35 industrial chemicals. This complex mixture of pollutants covered a range of physico-chemical properties and included priority substances in the EU Water Framework Directive or currently on the third Watch List. Both rivers had similar chemical profiles for both months. Herbicides and fungicides were dominant in the spring, whereas insecticides occurred more frequently in the summer. Point discharges from wastewater treatment plants were the main source of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Agricultural activities were the main contributor to the presence of plant protection products. The impact of these organic chemicals on the ecology, particularly on macroinvertebrate biodiversity, is unknown and warrants further investigation. Our suspect screening approach could guide future toxicological investigations to assess the environmental impacts of these diverse chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund F A Robinson
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Melanie Schumacher
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
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Świacka K, Michnowska A, Maculewicz J, Caban M, Smolarz K. Toxic effects of NSAIDs in non-target species: A review from the perspective of the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:115891. [PMID: 33497943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, both in marine and freshwater reservoirs, is a major concern of global environmental protection. Among the drugs that are most commonly used, NSAIDs tend to dominate. Currently, being aware of the problem caused by drug contamination, it is extremely important to evaluate the scale and the full spectrum of its consequences, from short-term to long-term effects. The influence on non-target aquatic animals can take place at many levels, and the effects can be seen both in behaviour and physiology, but also in genetic alterations or reproduction disorders, affecting the development of entire populations. This review summarises all the advances made to estimate the impact of NSAIDs on aquatic animals. Multicellular animals from all trophic levels, inhabiting both inland waters, seas and oceans, have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to chronic studies, conducted at low, environmentally-relevant concentrations, to estimate the real effects of the present pollution. The number of such studies has indeed increased in recent years, allowing for a better insight into the possible consequences of pharmaceutical pollution. It should be stressed, however, that our knowledge is still limited to a few model species, while there are many groups of organisms completely unexplored regarding the effects of drugs. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to summarise the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of NSAIDs in aquatic animals, also identifying important gaps and major issues requiring further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alicja Michnowska
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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Solagaistua L, de Guzmán I, Barrado M, Mijangos L, Etxebarria N, García-Baquero G, Larrañaga A, von Schiller D, Elosegi A. Testing wastewater treatment plant effluent effects on microbial and detritivore performance: A combined field and laboratory experiment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:159-171. [PMID: 30138800 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The amount of pollutants and nutrients entering rivers via point sources is increasing along with human population and activity. Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) greatly reduce pollutant loads into the environment, excess nutrient loading is a problem in many streams. Using a Community and Ecosystem Function (CEF) approach, we quantified the effects of WWTP effluent on the performance of microbes and detritivores associated to organic matter decomposition, a key ecosystem process. We measured organic matter breakdown rates, respiration rates and exo-enzymatic activities of aquatic microbes. We also measured food consumption and growth rates and RNA to body-mass ratios (RNA:BM) of a dominant amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. We predicted responses to follow a subsidy-stress pattern and differences between treatments to increase over time. To examine temporal effects of effluent, we performed a laboratory microcosm experiment under a range of effluent concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), taking samples over time (days 8, 15 and 30; 4 and 10 replicates to assess microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per treatment and day). This experiment was combined with a field in situ Before-After Control-Impact Paired (BACIP) experiment whereby we added WWTP effluent poured (10 L s-1 during 20-40 min every 2 h) into a stream and collected microbial and detritivore samples at days 8 and 15 (5 and 15 replicates to assess the microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per period, reach and sampling day). Responses were clearer in the laboratory experiment, where the effluent caused a general subsidy response. Field measures did not show any significant response, probably because of the high dilution of the effluent in stream water (average of 1.6%). None of the measured variables in any of the experiments followed the predicted subsidy-stress response. Microbial breakdown, respiration rates, exo-enzymatic activities and invertebrate RNA:BM increased with effluent concentrations. Differences in microbial respiration and exo-enzymatic activities among effluent treatments increased with incubation time, whereas microbial breakdown rates and RNA:BM were consistent over time. At the end of the laboratory experiment, microbial respiration rates increased 156% and RN:BM 115% at 100% effluent concentration. Detritivore consumption and growth rates increased asymptotically, and both responses increased with by incubation time. Our results indicate that WWTP effluent stimulates microbial activities and alters detritivore performance, and stream water dilution may mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libe Solagaistua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Ioar de Guzmán
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miren Barrado
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Jungmann D, Berg K, Dieterich A, Frank M, Gräf T, Scheurer M, Schwarz S, Siewert C, Oetken M. Health effects of metoprolol in epibenthic and endobenthic invertebrates-A basis to validate future in vitro biotests for effect-based biomonitoring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:189-200. [PMID: 27835069 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1246930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect data for metoprolol as a model substance for beta-blockers in aquatic invertebrates. The results will be used as a basis for the validation of future mode of action-based in vitro test systems targeting this class of pharmaceuticals. Effects of metoprolol were investigated in two autochthonous species with high relevance in stream ecology: the amphipod Gammarus fossarum and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Mortality in G. fossarum was not observed in acute toxicity testing (48 h), and a significant increase of mortality at 45 mg/L was found when amphipods were exposed chronically (40 days). The most sensitive population-relevant endpoints were the juvenile-adult ratio and number of egg-bearing females with NOEC/LOEC-values of 5/15 mg/L. No proteotoxic effects were identified in G. fossarum. The sediment toxicity test with L. variegatus according to the OECD Guideline 225 with an exposure time of 28 days resulted in EC10-values of 92.5 and 126.1 mg/kgdw for the endpoints reproduction and biomass, respectively. In L. variegatus the response kinetics of Hsp70 showed no significant difference between the treatments. A tendency for rising lipid peroxide concentrations was found between 0.03 and 10 mg/kgdw, which were significant between the treatments, but not to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Dieterich
- b Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- c Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Tonya Gräf
- c Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | | | - Simon Schwarz
- b Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Carmen Siewert
- b Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- c Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
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Prichard E, Granek EF. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22365-22384. [PMID: 27617334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Prichard
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Moro I, Matozzo V, Piovan A, Moschin E, Vecchia FD. Morpho-physiological effects of ibuprofen on Scenedesmus rubescens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:379-387. [PMID: 25128768 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of aquatic bodies by drugs is an emerging environmental problem, because of their extensive use in animal and human context. Ibuprofen, 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid, is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug mainly present both in wastewater and in rivers and lakes in Europe. Since in literature there is little information about the effects of ibuprofen on microalgae, in this paper we presented the results on the effects of this molecule at different concentrations (62.5μgL(-1), 250μgL(-1) and 1000μgL(-1)) on cultures of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus rubescens (P.J.L. Dangeard) E. Kesslet et al. Ibuprofen effects on the alga were assayed at first through analyses of the growth curve. Moreover, analyses of cell morphology, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic pigments were additionally performed. The first negative effect of the drug was on the microalga growth, suggesting a drug action dose-dependent mechanism type, more evident at the concentration of 1000μgL(-1) ibuprofen and in the last phase of the growth curve. In support of this, following ibuprofen exposure, the cells exhibited morphological and ultrastructural alterations, mainly consisting in large cytoplasmic inclusions, probably of lipids and/or carotenoids. The decrease of chlorophyll amounts and, on the contrary, the increase of carotenoids were correlated with a stressful condition induced by drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Moschin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Oskarsson H, Eriksson Wiklund AK, Thorsén G, Danielsson G, Kumblad L. Community interactions modify the effects of pharmaceutical exposure: a microcosm study on responses to propranolol in Baltic Sea coastal organisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93774. [PMID: 24713620 PMCID: PMC3979727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the uptake and effects of a common human pharmaceutical, propranolol, on the structure and function of a coastal Baltic Sea model community consisting of macroalga (Ceramium tenuicorne), mussels (Mytilus edulis trossulus), amphipods (Gammarus spp.), water and sediment. The most sensitive species, the mussel, was affected to the same extent as in previous single species studies, while the effects on the amphipod and alga were smaller or even positive compared to experiments performed in less complex test systems. The observed cascade of beneficial effects was a result of inter-specific species interactions that buffered for more severe effects. The poor condition of the mussel led to a feeding shift from alga to mussel by the amphipods. The better food quality, due to the dietary shift, counteracted the effects of the exposure. Less amphipod grazing, together with increased levels of nutrients in the water was favourable for the alga, despite the negative effects of propranolol. This microcosm study showed effects on organisms on different organizational levels as well as interactions among the different components resulting in indirect exposure effects of both functional and structural nature. The combination of both direct and indirect effects would not have been detected using simpler single- or even two-species study designs. The observed structural changes would in the natural environment have a long-term influence on ecosystem function, especially in a low-biodiversity ecosystem like the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Oskarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gunnar Thorsén
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Danielsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Kumblad
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Siedlewicz G, Pazdro K, Borecka M, Kornowska K, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P. Determination of Tetracyclines Residues in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) Sediments Using a Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction with Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. INSIGHTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03683-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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