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Peña V, Harvey BP, Agostini S, Porzio L, Milazzo M, Horta P, Le Gall L, Hall-Spencer JM. Major loss of coralline algal diversity in response to ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4785-4798. [PMID: 34268846 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and evaluate their potential future biodiversity and abundance. We found a decrease in the taxonomic diversity of coralline algae with increasing acidification with more than half of the species lost in high pCO2 conditions. Sporolithales is the oldest order (Lower Cretaceous) and diversified when ocean chemistry favoured low Mg calcite deposition; it is less diverse today and was the most sensitive to ocean acidification. Corallinales were also reduced in cover and diversity but several species survived at high pCO2 ; it is the most recent order of coralline algae and originated when ocean chemistry favoured aragonite and high Mg calcite deposition. The sharp decline in cover and thickness of coralline algal carbonate deposits at high pCO2 highlighted their lower fitness in response to ocean acidification. Reductions in CO2 emissions are needed to limit the risk of losing coralline algal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Ben P Harvey
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Lucia Porzio
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paulo Horta
- Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Line Le Gall
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Bergstrom E, Ordoñez A, Ho M, Hurd C, Fry B, Diaz-Pulido G. Inorganic carbon uptake strategies in coralline algae: Plasticity across evolutionary lineages under ocean acidification and warming. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105107. [PMID: 32890983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) assimilation is essential to the reef-building capacity of crustose coralline algae (CCA). Little is known, however, about the DIC uptake strategies and their potential plasticity under ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and warming. The persistence of CCA lineages throughout historical oscillations of pCO2 and temperature suggests that evolutionary history may play a role in selecting for adaptive traits. We evaluated the effects of pCO2 and temperature on the plasticity of DIC uptake strategies and associated energetic consequences in reef-building CCA from different evolutionary lineages. We simulated past, present, moderate (IPCC RCP 6.0) and high pCO2 (RCP 8.5) and present and high (RCP 8.5) temperature conditions and quantified stable carbon isotope fractionation (13ε), organic carbon content, growth and photochemical efficiency. All investigated CCA species possess CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and assimilate CO2 via diffusion to varying degrees. Under OA and warming, CCA either increased or maintained CCM capacity, which was associated with overall neutral effects on metabolic performance. More basal taxa, Sporolithales and Hapalidiales, had greater capacity for diffusive CO2 use than Corallinales. We suggest that CCMs are an adaptation that supports a robust carbon physiology and are likely responsible for the endurance of CCA in historically changing oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Bergstrom
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Ordoñez
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Maureen Ho
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Catriona Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 28 Morrison St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Brian Fry
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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Gomiero A, Bellerby RGJ, Manca Zeichen M, Babbini L, Viarengo A. Biological responses of two marine organisms of ecological relevance to on-going ocean acidification and global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:60-70. [PMID: 29414375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing concern that climate change may rapidly and extensively alter global ecosystems with unknown consequences for terrestrial and aquatic life. While considerable emphasis has been placed on terrestrial ecology consequences, aquatic environments have received relatively little attention. Limited knowledge is available on the biological effects of increments of seawater temperature and pH decrements on key ecological species, i.e., primary producers and/or organisms representative of the basis of the trophic web. In the present study, we addressed the biological effects of global warming and ocean acidification on two model organisms, the microbenthic marine ciliate Euplotes crassus and the green alga Dunaliella tertiocleta using a suite of high level ecological endpoint tests and sub-lethal stress measures. Organisms were exposed to combinations of pH and temperature (TR1: 7.9[pH], 25.5 °C and TR2: 7.8[pH], 27,0 °C) simulating two possible environmental scenarios predicted to occur in the habitats of the selected species before the end of this century. The outcomes of the present study showed that the tested scenarios did not induce a significant increment of mortality on protozoa. Under the most severe exposure conditions, sub-lethal stress indices show that pH homeostatic mechanisms have energetic costs that divert energy from essential cellular processes and functions. The marine protozoan exhibited significant impairment of the lysosomal compartment and early signs of oxidative stress under these conditions. Similarly, significant impairment of photosynthetic efficiency and an increment in lipid peroxidation were observed in the autotroph model organism held under the most extreme exposure condition tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomiero
- Dep. of Science and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogardo", V.le T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy; International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS), Environmental Dep., Mekjarvik 11, 4070, Randaberg, Norway; National Research Council - ISMAR, Largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - R G J Bellerby
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Nordnesgaten, 50, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Manca Zeichen
- Italian National Institute for Environment Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - L Babbini
- Italian National Institute for Environment Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - A Viarengo
- Dep. of Science and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogardo", V.le T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Rhodolith/Maërl Beds. RHODOLITH/MAËRL BEDS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29315-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Rösler A, Perfectti F, Peña V, Braga JC. Phylogenetic relationships of corallinaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta): taxonomic implications for reef-building corallines. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:412-431. [PMID: 27273534 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new, more complete, five-marker (SSU, LSU, psbA, COI, 23S) molecular phylogeny of the family Corallinaceae, order Corallinales, shows a paraphyletic grouping of seven well-supported monophyletic clades. The taxonomic implications included the amendment of two subfamilies, Neogoniolithoideae and Metagoniolithoideae, and the rejection of Porolithoideae as an independent subfamily. Metagoniolithoideae contained Harveylithon gen. nov., with H. rupestre comb. nov. as the generitype, and H. canariense stat. nov., H. munitum comb. nov., and H. samoënse comb. nov. Spongites and Pneophyllum belonged to separate clades. The subfamily Neogoniolithoideae included the generitype of Spongites, S. fruticulosus, for which an epitype was designated. Pneophyllum requires reassesment. The generitype of Hydrolithon, H. reinboldii, was a younger heterotypic synonym of H. boergesenii. The evolutionary novelty of the subfamilies Hydrolithoideae, Metagoniolithoideae, and Lithophylloideae was the development of tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roofs by filaments surrounding and interspersed among the sporangial initials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rösler
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, 18002, Spain
| | - Francisco Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, 18002, Spain
| | - Viviana Peña
- Grupo de investigación BIOCOST, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, Spain
- Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Equipe Exploration, Espèces et Evolution, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 ISYEB CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP 39, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Juan Carlos Braga
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Granada, 18002, Spain
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Roleda MY, Cornwall CE, Feng Y, McGraw CM, Smith AM, Hurd CL. Effect of Ocean Acidification and pH Fluctuations on the Growth and Development of Coralline Algal Recruits, and an Associated Benthic Algal Assemblage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140394. [PMID: 26469945 PMCID: PMC4607452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coralline algae are susceptible to the changes in the seawater carbonate system associated with ocean acidification (OA). However, the coastal environments in which corallines grow are subject to large daily pH fluctuations which may affect their responses to OA. Here, we followed the growth and development of the juvenile coralline alga Arthrocardia corymbosa, which had recruited into experimental conditions during a prior experiment, using a novel OA laboratory culture system to simulate the pH fluctuations observed within a kelp forest. Microscopic life history stages are considered more susceptible to environmental stress than adult stages; we compared the responses of newly recruited A. corymbosa to static and fluctuating seawater pH with those of their field-collected parents. Recruits were cultivated for 16 weeks under static pH 8.05 and 7.65, representing ambient and 4× preindustrial pCO2 concentrations, respectively, and two fluctuating pH treatments of daily [Formula: see text] (daytime pH = 8.45, night-time pH = 7.65) and daily [Formula: see text] (daytime pH = 8.05, night-time pH = 7.25). Positive growth rates of new recruits were recorded in all treatments, and were highest under static pH 8.05 and lowest under fluctuating pH 7.65. This pattern was similar to the adults' response, except that adults had zero growth under fluctuating pH 7.65. The % dry weight of MgCO3 in calcite of the juveniles was reduced from 10% at pH 8.05 to 8% at pH 7.65, but there was no effect of pH fluctuation. A wide range of fleshy macroalgae and at least 6 species of benthic diatoms recruited across all experimental treatments, from cryptic spores associated with the adult A. corymbosa. There was no effect of experimental treatment on the growth of the benthic diatoms. On the community level, pH-sensitive species may survive lower pH in the presence of diatoms and fleshy macroalgae, whose high metabolic activity may raise the pH of the local microhabitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Abigail M. Smith
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catriona L. Hurd
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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McCoy SJ, Kamenos NA. Coralline algae (Rhodophyta) in a changing world: integrating ecological, physiological, and geochemical responses to global change. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:6-24. [PMID: 26986255 PMCID: PMC4964943 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae are globally distributed benthic primary producers that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons. In the context of ocean acidification, they have received much recent attention due to the potential vulnerability of their high-Mg calcite skeletons and their many important ecological roles. Herein, we summarize what is known about coralline algal ecology and physiology, providing context to understand their responses to global climate change. We review the impacts of these changes, including ocean acidification, rising temperatures, and pollution, on coralline algal growth and calcification. We also assess the ongoing use of coralline algae as marine climate proxies via calibration of skeletal morphology and geochemistry to environmental conditions. Finally, we indicate critical gaps in our understanding of coralline algal calcification and physiology and highlight key areas for future research. These include analytical areas that recently have become more accessible, such as resolving phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic ranks, elucidating the genes regulating algal photosynthesis and calcification, and calibrating skeletal geochemical metrics, as well as research directions that are broadly applicable to global change ecology, such as the importance of community-scale and long-term experiments in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J McCoy
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Pfister CA, Esbaugh AJ, Frieder CA, Baumann H, Bockmon EE, White MM, Carter BR, Benway HM, Blanchette CA, Carrington E, McClintock JB, McCorkle DC, McGillis WR, Mooney TA, Ziveri P. Detecting the unexpected: a research framework for ocean acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9982-9994. [PMID: 25084232 DOI: 10.1021/es501936p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The threat that ocean acidification (OA) poses to marine ecosystems is now recognized and U.S. funding agencies have designated specific funding for the study of OA. We present a research framework for studying OA that describes it as a biogeochemical event that impacts individual species and ecosystems in potentially unexpected ways. We draw upon specific lessons learned about ecosystem responses from research on acid rain, carbon dioxide enrichment in terrestrial plant communities, and nitrogen deposition. We further characterize the links between carbon chemistry changes and effects on individuals and ecosystems, and enumerate key hypotheses for testing. Finally, we quantify how U.S. research funding has been distributed among these linkages, concluding that there is an urgent need for research programs designed to anticipate how the effects of OA will reverberate throughout assemblages of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Pfister
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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