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De Souza Coração AC, Gomes BA, Chyaromont AM, Lannes-Vieira ACP, Gomes APB, Lopes-Filho EAP, Leitão SG, Teixeira VL, De Paula JC. How the Ecology of Calcified Red Macroalgae is Investigated under a Chemical Approach? A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Study. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01525-7. [PMID: 38958678 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Characteristics such as calcareous morphology and life cycle are used to understand the ecology of calcified rhodophytes. However, there is limited information regarding their chemical profiles and biological activities. Therefore, a systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted to assess the influence of the chemistry of calcareous rhodophytes on ecological interactions in the marine environment. The keywords used were: ["Chemical AND [Ecology OR Interaction OR Response OR Defense OR Effect OR Cue OR Mediated OR Induce]"] AND ["Red Seaweed" OR "Red Macroalgae" OR Rhodophy?] AND [Calcified OR Calcareous] in Science Direct, Scielo, PUBMED, Springer, Web of Science, and Scopus. Only English articles within the proposed theme were considered. Due to the low number of articles, another search was conducted with three classes and 16 genera. Finally, 67 articles were considered valid. Their titles, abstracts, and keywords were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ through factorial, hierarchical and similarity classification. Most of the studies used macroalgae thallus to evaluate chemical mediation while few tested crude extracts. Some substances were noted as sesquiterpene (6-hydroxy-isololiolide), fatty acid (heptadeca5,8,11-triene) and dibromomethane. The articles were divided into four classes: Herbivory, Competition, Settlement/Metamorphosis, and Epiphytism. Crustose calcareous algae were associated with studies of Settlement/Metamorphosis, while calcified algae were linked to herbivory. Thus, the importance of chemistry in the ecology of these algae is evident,and additional studies are needed to identify the substances responsible for ecological interactions. This study collected essential information on calcified red algae, whose diversity appears to be highly vulnerable to the harmful impacts of ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cunha De Souza Coração
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 458, Rio de Janeiro, Urca, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil.
| | - Brendo Araujo Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mendonça Chyaromont
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 458, Rio de Janeiro, Urca, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil
| | - Ana Christina Pires Lannes-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 458, Rio de Janeiro, Urca, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil
| | - Ana Prya Bartolo Gomes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 458, Rio de Janeiro, Urca, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil
| | - Erick Alves Pereira Lopes-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, , Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, Horto Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20.940-040, Brazil
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis Street, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 24.210-201, Brazil
| | - Joel Campos De Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 458, Rio de Janeiro, Urca, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil
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Benítez S, Navarro JM, Mardones D, Villanueva PA, Ramirez-Kushel F, Torres R, Lagos NA. Direct and indirect impacts of ocean acidification and warming on algae-herbivore interactions in intertidal habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115549. [PMID: 37729690 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has caused profound impacts in the world ocean. Climate change related stressors, like ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) can affect physiological performance of marine species. However, studies evaluating the impacts of these stressors on algae-herbivore interactions have been much more scarce. We approached this issue by assessing the combined impacts of OA and OW on the physiological energetics of the herbivorous snail Tegula atra, and whether this snail is affected indirectly by changes in biochemical composition of the kelp Lessonia spicata, in response to OA and OW. Our results show that OA and OW induce changes in kelp biochemical composition and palatability (organic matter, phenolic content), which in turn affect snails' feeding behaviour and energy balance. Nutritional quality of food plays a key role on grazers' physiological energetics and can define the stability of trophic interactions in rapidly changing environments such as intertidal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Benítez
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniela Mardones
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola A Villanueva
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Felipe Ramirez-Kushel
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
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Lang BJ, Donelson JM, Bairos‐Novak KR, Wheeler CR, Caballes CF, Uthicke S, Pratchett MS. Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10307. [PMID: 37565029 PMCID: PMC10409743 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising ocean temperatures are threatening marine species and populations worldwide, and ectothermic taxa are particularly vulnerable. Echinoderms are an ecologically important phylum of marine ectotherms and shifts in their population dynamics can have profound impacts on the marine environment. The effects of warming on echinoderms are highly variable across controlled laboratory-based studies. Accordingly, synthesis of these studies will facilitate the better understanding of broad patterns in responses of echinoderms to ocean warming. Herein, a meta-analysis incorporating the results of 85 studies (710 individual responses) is presented, exploring the effects of warming on various performance predictors. The mean responses of echinoderms to all magnitudes of warming were compared across multiple biological responses, ontogenetic life stages, taxonomic classes, and regions, facilitated by multivariate linear mixed effects models. Further models were conducted, which only incorporated responses to warming greater than the projected end-of-century mean annual temperatures at the collection sites. This meta-analysis provides evidence that ocean warming will generally accelerate metabolic rate (+32%) and reduce survival (-35%) in echinoderms, and echinoderms from subtropical (-9%) and tropical (-8%) regions will be the most vulnerable. The relatively high vulnerability of echinoderm larvae to warming (-20%) indicates that this life stage may be a significant developmental bottleneck in the near-future, likely reducing successful recruitment into populations. Furthermore, asteroids appear to be the class of echinoderms that are most negatively affected by elevated temperature (-30%). When considering only responses to magnitudes of warming representative of end-of-century climate change projections, the negative impacts on asteroids, tropical species and juveniles were exacerbated (-51%, -34% and -40% respectively). The results of these analyses enable better predictions of how keystone and invasive echinoderm species may perform in a warmer ocean, and the possible consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan J. Lang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- AIMS@JCUJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jennifer M. Donelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kevin R. Bairos‐Novak
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- AIMS@JCUJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carolyn R. Wheeler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- School for the EnvironmentThe University of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ciemon F. Caballes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- National Science Foundation EPSCoR—Guam Ecosystems Collaboratorium for Corals and OceansUniversity of Guam Marine LaboratoryMangilaoGuamUSA
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
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Bass AV, Falkenberg LJ. Contrasting behavioural responses to ocean acidification and warming have the potential to disrupt herbivory. CLIMATE CHANGE ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Donham EM, Hamilton SL, Aiello I, Price NN, Smith JE. Consequences of Warming and Acidification for the Temperate Articulated Coralline Alga, Calliarthron Tuberculosum (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:517-529. [PMID: 35657106 PMCID: PMC9543584 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes, such as warming and ocean acidification (OA), are likely to negatively impact calcifying marine taxa. Abundant and ecologically important coralline algae may be particularly susceptible to OA; however, multi-stressor studies and those on articulated morphotypes are lacking. Here, we use field observations and laboratory experiments to elucidate the impacts of warming and acidification on growth, calcification, mineralogy, and photophysiology of the temperate articulated coralline alga, Calliarthron tuberculosum. We conducted a 4-week fully factorial mesocosm experiment exposing individuals from a southern CA kelp forest to current and future temperature and pH/pCO2 conditions (+2°C, -0.5 pH units). Calcification was reduced under warming (70%) and further reduced by high pCO2 or high pCO2 x warming (~150%). Growth (change in linear extension and surface area) was reduced by warming (40% and 50%, respectively), high pCO2 (20% and 40%, respectively), and high pCO2 x warming (50% and 75%, respectively). The maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax ) increased by 100% under high pCO2 conditions, but we did not detect an effect of pCO2 or warming on photosynthetic efficiency (α). We also did not detect the effect of warming or pCO2 on mineralogy. However, variation in Mg incorporation in cell walls of different cell types (i.e., higher mol % Mg in cortical vs. medullary) was documented for the first time in this species. These results support findings from a growing body of literature suggesting that coralline algae are often more negatively impacted by warming than OA, with the potential for antagonistic effects when factors are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Donham
- University of California Santa CruzEcology and Evolutionary Biology130 McAllister Way, Santa CruzCalifornia95060USA
| | - Scott L. Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesSan Jose State University8272 Moss Landing RdMoss LandingCalifornia95039USA
| | - Ivano Aiello
- Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesSan Jose State University8272 Moss Landing RdMoss LandingCalifornia95039USA
| | - Nichole N. Price
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences60 Dr, East BoothbayBigelowMaine04544USA
| | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography9500 Gilman Dr, La JollaCalifornia92093USA
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Borburema HDS, Yokoya NS, Souza JMCD, Nauer F, Barbosa-Silva MS, Marinho-Soriano E. Ocean warming and increased salinity threaten Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) species from genetically divergent populations. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105662. [PMID: 35642998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have resulted in global change, such as ocean warming and sea level rise. Increased salinity in estuaries is expected as a result of sea level rise and warming. Thus, we analysed the interactive effects of increased temperature and salinity on multiple physiological responses of Bostrychia montagnei and B. calliptera from two biogeographic provinces, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (TSA) and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (WTSA). Macroalgae were cultured under three salinities (15, 25 and 35 PSU) and three temperatures: mean sea surface temperature (SST: 27 °C for TSA and 24 °C for WTSA), an RCP8.5 ocean warming scenario (SST + 5 °C), and a maximum temperature to test the algal upper thermal tolerance limits (RCP8.5 + 2 °C). Macroalgae from both localities decreased their growth under increased temperature and salinity. RCP8.5 + 2 °C was lethal for both macroalgae from TSA. RCP8.5 and RCP8.5 + 2 °C at 35 PSU were lethal for B. calliptera from WTSA, due to the interactive effects between increased temperature and salinity. Overall, increased salinity decreased the effective quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in algal photosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that the macroalgae synthesized proteins, carbohydrates (polysaccharides and low molecular weight carbohydrates), and antioxidants to tolerate detrimental temperatures and salinities. Our results also demonstrated that the macroalgae adjusted their pigment contents (phycobiliproteins, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll a) for efficient light-harvesting under thermal and saline stress. Our findings suggest that ocean warming and increased salinity in estuaries will be detrimental to B. montagnei and B. calliptera populations from both biogeographic provinces, especially to those from TSA that already live closer to their upper thermal tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique D S Borburema
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil.
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Martinez Canuto de Souza
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Fabio Nauer
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Stephanne Barbosa-Silva
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
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Effects of Seawater Acidification on Echinoid Adult Stage: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The continuous release of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing the acidity of seawater worldwide, and the pH is predicted to be reduced by ~0.4 units by 2100. Ocean acidification (OA) is changing the carbonate chemistry, jeopardizing the life of marine organisms, and in particular calcifying organisms. Because of their calcareous skeleton and limited ability to regulate the acid–base balance, echinoids are among the organisms most threatened by OA. In this review, 50 articles assessing the effects of seawater acidification on the echinoid adult stage have been collected and summarized, in order to identify the most important aspects to consider for future experiments. Most of the endpoints considered (i.e., related to calcification, physiology, behaviour and reproduction) were altered, highlighting how various and subtle the effects of pH reduction can be. In general terms, more than 43% of the endpoints were modified by low pH compared with the control condition. However, animals exposed in long-term experiments or resident in CO2-vent systems showed acclimation capability. Moreover, the latitudinal range of animals’ distribution might explain some of the differences found among species. Therefore, future experiments should consider local variability, long-term exposure and multigenerational approaches to better assess OA effects on echinoids.
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Yang F, Wei Z, Long L. Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses of the Tropical Reef Calcified Macroalga Amphiroa fragilissima to Elevated Temperature 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1254-1265. [PMID: 33655511 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcareous macroalgae are of particular ecological importance as primary producers, carbonate sediment builders, and habitat providers in coral reef ecosystems. Ocean warming is a major threat to calcareous algae, but it remains unclear exactly how these algae will respond to it. In this study, the potential physiological impacts of ocean warming on the calcareous alga Amphiroa fragilissima were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Increasing temperature from 26 to 28°C had positive effects on algal growth rate and chlorophyll a content, but these parameters decreased significantly at 32°C, which is 5°C above the annual mean temperature in the study region. Algal bleaching occurred at 34°C. There were no significant differences in CaCO3 content of thalli among different temperatures; however, calcification rate was inhibited significantly at 32 and 34°C. Transcriptome analyses using the Illumina RNA-seq platform showed that differentially expressed genes were annotated mainly in the categories of steroid biosynthesis, gap junction, ribosome, and mTOR signaling pathway. The expression levels of PsbA and PsbP were suppressed at 32°C, implying that inactivation of photosystem II could be a main reason for the decreased photosynthetic rate. Down-regulation of the genes encoding carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase was observed at 32°C, which could inhibit growth rate. Additionally, several genes that might be related to calcification were identified, including CAMK, CDPK, and CAM and genes encoding alpha-catenin and carbonic anhydrase. This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of temperature on algal calcification and provides a theoretical basis to protect ecological diversity of coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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Koerich G, Costa GB, Sissini MN, Ortiz CL, Canever BF, Oliveira W, Tonkin JD, Horta PA. Physiology, niche characteristics and extreme events: Current and future habitat suitability of a rhodolith-forming species in the Southwestern Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105394. [PMID: 34166865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the ecological and biogeochemical importance of rhodolith beds, it is necessary to investigate how future environmental conditions will affect these organisms. We investigated the impacts of increased nutrient concentrations, acidification, and marine heatwaves on the performance of the rhodolith-forming species Lithothamnion crispatum in a short-term experiment, including the recovery of individuals after stressor removal. Furthermore, we developed an ecological niche model to establish which environmental conditions determine its current distribution along the Brazilian coast and to project responses to future climate scenarios. Although L. crispatum suffered a reduction in photosynthetic performance when exposed to stressors, they returned to pre-experiment values following the return of individuals to control conditions. The model showed that the most important variables in explaining the current distribution of L. crispatum on the Brazilian coast were maximum nitrate and temperature. In future ocean conditions, the model predicted a range expansion of habitat suitability for this species of approximately 58.5% under RCP 8.5. Physiological responses to experimental future environmental conditions corroborated model predictions of the expansion of this species' habitat suitability in the future. This study, therefore, demonstrates the benefits of applying combined approaches to examine potential species responses to climate-change drivers from multiple angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Koerich
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Giulia Burle Costa
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Nasri Sissini
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lopez Ortiz
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Willian Oliveira
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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10
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Gilson AR, Smale DA, O'Connor N. Ocean warming and species range shifts affect rates of ecosystem functioning by altering consumer-resource interactions. Ecology 2021; 102:e03341. [PMID: 33709407 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent warming trends have driven widespread changes in the performance and distribution of species in many regions, with consequent shifts in assemblage structure and ecosystem functioning. However, as responses to warming vary across species and regions, novel communities are emerging, particularly where warm-affinity range-expanding species have rapidly colonized communities still dominated by cold-affinity species. Such community reconfiguration may alter core ecosystem processes, such as productivity or nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear whether novel communities function similarly to those they have replaced, and how continued warming will alter functioning in the near future. Using simplified kelp forest communities as a model system, we compared rates of respiration, consumption and secondary productivity between current cold-affinity and future warm-affinity kelp assemblages under both present-day temperatures and near-future warming in a series of mesocosm experiments. Overall, respiration rates of gastropods and amphipods increased with warming but did not differ between cold and warm affinity kelp assemblages. Consumption rates of three consumers (urchin, gastropod and amphipod) differed between kelp assemblages but only amphipod consumption rates increased with warming. A diet derived from warm-affinity kelp assemblages led to a decrease in growth and biomass of urchins, whereas the response of other consumers was variable depending on temperature treatment. These results suggest that climate-driven changes in assemblage structure of primary producers will alter per capita rates of ecosystem functioning, and that specific responses may vary in complex and unpredictable ways, with some mediated by warming more than others. Understanding how differences in life history and functional traits of dominant species will affect ecological interactions and, in turn, important ecosystem processes is crucial to understanding the wider implications of climate-driven community reconfiguration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Gilson
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 1-33 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5AJ, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Nessa O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 1-33 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5AJ, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Dettleff P, Villagra M, González J, Fuentes M, Estrada JM, Valenzuela C, Molina A, Valdés JA. Effect of bacterial LPS, poly I:C and temperature on the immune response of coelomocytes in short term cultures of red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:187-193. [PMID: 32971271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In echinoderms, the immune system plays a relevant role in defense against infection by pathogens. Particularly, in sea urchins, the immune system has been shown to be complex, especially in terms of the variety of immune genes and molecules described. A key component of the response to external pathogens are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are a well-characterized class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that participate in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Despite the fact that TLRs have been described in several sea urchin species, for the red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus), which is one of the most important sea urchins across the world in terms of fisheries, limited information on the TLR-mediated immune response exists. In the present study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of thermal stress, LPS and poly I:C treatment on the coelomocyte immune response of Loxechinus albus to determine how these factors modulate TLR and strongylocin (antimicrobial peptides of echinoderms) responses. We show that the tlr3-like, tlr4-like, tlr6-like and tlr8-like transcripts are modulated by poly I:C, while LPS only modulates the tlr4-like response; there was no effect of temperature on TLR expression, as evaluated by RT-qPCR. Additionally, we showed that strongylocin-1 and strongylocin-2 are modulated in response to simulated viral infection with poly I:C, providing the first evidence of strongylocin expression in L. albus. Finally, we determined that temperature and LPS modify the viability of coelomocytes, while poly I:C treatment did not affect the viability of these cells. This study contributes to the knowledge of immune responses in sea urchins to improve the understanding of the role of TLRs and strongylocins in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Villagra
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Joaquín González
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcia Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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12
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Asnaghi V, Chindris A, Leggieri F, Scolamacchia M, Brundu G, Guala I, Loi B, Chiantore M, Farina S. Decreased pH impairs sea urchin resistance to predatory fish: A combined laboratory-field study to understand the fate of top-down processes in future oceans. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105194. [PMID: 33126114 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changing oceans represent a serious threat for a wide range of marine organisms, with severe cascading effects on ecosystems and their services. Sea urchins are particularly sensitive to decreased pH expected for the end of the century and their key ecological role in regulating community structure and functioning could be seriously compromised. An integrated approach of laboratory and field experiments has been implemented to investigate the effects of decreased pH on predator-prey interaction involving sea urchins and their predators. Our results suggest that under future Ocean Acidification scenarios adult sea urchins defence strategies, such as spine length, test robustness and oral plate thickness, could be compromised together with their survival chance to natural predators. Sea urchins represent the critical linkage between top-down and bottom-up processes along Mediterranean rocky reefs, and the cumulative impacts of global and local stressors could lead to a decline producing cascading effects on benthic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Asnaghi
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, C.so Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Chindris
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - F Leggieri
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy; CNR - National Research Council, IAS - Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - M Scolamacchia
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy; CNR - National Research Council, IAS - Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - G Brundu
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - I Guala
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - B Loi
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - M Chiantore
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, C.so Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Farina
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torre Grande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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14
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Carvalho VF, Assis J, Serrão EA, Nunes JM, Anderson AB, Batista MB, Barufi JB, Silva J, Pereira SMB, Horta PA. Environmental drivers of rhodolith beds and epiphytes community along the South Western Atlantic coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104827. [PMID: 31780097 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions shape the occurrence and abundance of habitat-building organisms at global scales. Rhodolith beds structure important hard substrate habitats for a large number of marine benthic organisms. These organisms can benefit local biodiversity levels, but also compete with rhodoliths for essential resources. Therefore, understanding the factors shaping the distribution of rhodoliths and their associated communities along entire distributional ranges is of much relevance for conservational biology, particularly in the scope of future environmental changes. Here we predict suitable habitat areas and identify the main environmental drivers of rhodoliths' variability and of associated epiphytes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient. Occurrence and abundance data were collected throughout the South-western Atlantic coast (SWA) and modelled against high resolution environmental predictors extracted from Bio-Oracle. The main drivers for rhodolith occurrence were light availability and temperature at the bottom of the ocean, while abundance was explained by nitrate, temperature and current velocity. Tropical regions showed the highest abundance of rhodoliths. No latitudinal pattern was detected in the variability of epiphytes abundance. However, significant differences were found between sampled sites regarding the composition of predominant taxa. The predictors influencing such differences were temperature and nitrate. The Tropical region is abundant in species with warm-water affinities, decreasing toward warm temperate region. The expressive occurrence of tropical species not referred before for warm temperate beds indicate a plausible tropicalization event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - José M Nunes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio B Anderson
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia - Laboratório de Ictiologia (Ictiolab) - Campus Goiabeiras - Vitória - ES - Brazil
| | - Manuela B Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José B Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sonia M B Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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15
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Asnaghi V, Collard M, Mangialajo L, Gattuso JP, Dubois P. Bottom-up effects on biomechanical properties of the skeletal plates of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) in an acidified ocean scenario. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 144:56-61. [PMID: 30591257 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchins, ecologically important herbivores of shallow subtidal temperate reefs, are considered particularly threatened in a future ocean acidification scenario, since their carbonate structures (skeleton and grazing apparatus) are made up of the very soluble high-magnesium calcite, particularly sensitive to a decrease in pH. The biomechanical properties of their skeletal structures are of great importance for their individual fitness, because the skeleton provides the means for locomotion, grazing and protection from predators. Sea urchin skeleton is composed of discrete calcite plates attached to each other at sutures by organic ligaments. The present study addressed the fate of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) skeleton in acidified oceans, taking into account the combined effect of reduced pH and macroalgal diet, with potential cascading consequences at the ecosystem level. A breaking test on individual plates of juvenile specimens fed different macroalgal diets has been performed, teasing apart plate strength and stiffness from general robustness. Results showed no direct short-term effect of a decrease in seawater pH nor of the macroalgal diet on single plate mechanical properties. Nevertheless, results from apical plates, the ones presumably formed during the experimental period, provided an indication of a possible diet-mediated response, with sea urchins fed the more calcified macroalga sustaining higher forces before breakage than the one fed the non-calcified algae. This, on the long term, may produce bottom-up effects on sea urchins, leading to potential shifts in the ecosystem equilibrium under an ocean acidified scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Asnaghi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, DiSTAV, University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marie Collard
- Laboratoire de Biologie marine CP160/15, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, F 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France; Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F75007, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratoire de Biologie marine CP160/15, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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