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Bednaršek N, Pelletier G, Beck MW, Feely RA, Siegrist Z, Kiefer D, Davis J, Peabody B. Predictable patterns within the kelp forest can indirectly create temporary refugia from ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174065. [PMID: 38897470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Kelps are recognized for providing many ecosystem services in coastal areas and considered in ocean acidification (OA) mitigation. However, assessing OA modification requires an understanding of the multiple parameters involved in carbonate chemistry, especially in highly dynamic systems. We studied the effects of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) on an experimental farm at the north end of Hood Canal, Washington-a low retentive coastal system. In this field mesocosm study, two oyster species (Magallana gigas, Ostrea lurida) were exposed at locations in the mid, edge, and outside the kelp array. The Hood Head Sugar Kelp Farm Model outputs were used to identify dominating factors in spatial and temporal kelp dynamics, while wavelet spectrum analyses helped in understanding predictability patterns. This was linked to the measured biological responses (dissolution, growth, isotopes) of the exposed organisms. Positioned in an area of high (sub)-diel tidal fluxes with low retention potential, there were no measurable alterations of the seawater pH at the study site, demonstrating that the kelp array could not induce a direct mitigating effect against OA. However, beneficial responses in calcifiers were still observed, which are linked to two causes: increased pH predictability and improved provisioning through kelp-derived particulate organic resource utilization and as such, kelp improved habitat suitability and indirectly created refugia against OA. This study can serve as an analogue for many coastal bay habitats where prevailing physical forcing drives chemical changes. Future macrophyte studies that investigate OA mitigating effects should focus also on the importance of predictability patterns, which can additionally improve the conditions for marine calcifiers and ecosystem services vulnerable to or compromised by OA, including aquaculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bednaršek
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365, Oregon State University, USA; Institute Jožef Stefan, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Greg Pelletier
- Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, 300 Desmond Dr SE, WA 98503,(Emeritus), USA
| | - Marcus W Beck
- Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Richard A Feely
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Zach Siegrist
- System Science Applications, Inc, Renton, Washington, USA
| | - Dale Kiefer
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Davis
- Puget Sound Restoration Fund, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
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Schwaner C, Farhat S, Boutet I, Tanguy A, Barbosa M, Grouzdev D, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Combination of RNAseq and RADseq to Identify Physiological and Adaptive Responses to Acidification in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:997-1019. [PMID: 37864760 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a major stressor threatening marine calcifiers, including the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). In this paper, we provide insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with resilience to OA, with the dual intentions of probing both acclimation and adaptation potential in this species. C. virginica were spawned, and larvae were reared in control or acidified conditions immediately after fertilization. RNA samples were collected from larvae and juveniles, and DNA samples were collected from juveniles after undergoing OA-induced mortality and used to contrast gene expression (RNAseq) and SNP (ddRADseq) profiles from animals reared under both conditions. Results showed convergence of evidence from both approaches, particularly in genes involved in biomineralization that displayed significant changes in variant frequencies and gene expression levels among juveniles that survived acidification as compared to controls. Downregulated genes were related to immune processes, supporting previous studies demonstrating a reduction in immunity from exposure to OA. Acclimation to OA via regulation of gene expression might confer short-term resilience to immediate threats; however, the costs may not be sustainable, underscoring the importance of selection of resilient genotypes. Here, we identified SNPs associated with survival under OA conditions, suggesting that this commercially and ecologically important species might have the genetic variation needed for adaptation to future acidification. The identification of genetic features associated with OA resilience is a highly-needed step for the development of marker-assisted selection of oyster stocks for aquaculture and restoration activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Sarah Farhat
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Michelle Barbosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Denis Grouzdev
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA.
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Jafari F, Naeemi AS, Sohani MM, Noorinezhad M. Effect of elevated temperature, sea water acidification, and phenanthrene on the expression of genes involved in the shell and pearl formation of economic pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115603. [PMID: 37793272 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to examine the effect of some stressors on the gene expression levels of shell matrix proteins in a pearl oyster. Oysters were exposed to the different combinations of the temperature, pH, and phenanthrene concentration is currently measured in the Persian Gulf and the predicted ocean warming and acidification for 28 days. The expression of all the studied genes was significantly downregulated. Time and temperature had the greatest effects on the decreases in n19 and n16 genes expression, respectively. Aspein and msi60 genes expression were highly influenced by pH. Pearlin was affected by double interaction temperature and phenanthrene. Moreover, a correlation was observed among the expression levels of studied genes. This study represents basic data on the relationship between mRNA transcription genes involved in the shell and pearl formation and climate changes in pollutant presence conditions and acclimatizing mechanism of the oyster to the future scenario as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafari
- University of Guilan, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Rasht, Iran
| | - Akram Sadat Naeemi
- University of Guilan, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sohani
- University of Guilan, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohsen Noorinezhad
- Iranian Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhu T, Xin X, Jin Y, Wang L, Liu C, Song L. A bone morphogenetic protein regulates the shell formation of Crassostrea gigas under ocean acidification. Gene 2023; 884:147687. [PMID: 37541558 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key factors controlling osteoblast differentiation, which have been proved to be involved in the hard tissue formation of marine mollusks. In the present study, a member of BMPs gene (CgBMP7) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) with the aim to understand its possible role in the regulation of shell formation under ocean acidification (OA) conditions. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgBMP7 was of 1254 bp encoding a polypeptide of 417 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgBMP7 was comprised of one signal peptide, one prodomain and one TGF-β domain, which shared 21.69%-61.10% identities with those from other species. The mRNA transcript of CgBMP7 was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues of adult oysters with a higher expression level in mantle, notably highest in the middle fold (MF) of the three folds of mantle. The expression level of bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor (CgBMPR1B) mRNA was also highest in the MF and up-regulated dramatically post recombinant BMP7 protein (rCgBMP7) stimulation. After the blockage of BMPR1B with inhibitor LDN193189 (LDN), the mRNA expression level and phosphorylation level of CgSmad1/5/8 in mantle were decreased, and the mRNA expression levels of CgCaM and Cgengrailed-1 were down-regulated significantly. During the oysters were exposed to acidified seawater for weeks, the expression levels of CgBMP7, CgBMPR1B and CgSmad1/5/8 in the MF decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at the 4th week, and CgCaM and Cgengrailed-1 also exhibited the same variable expression patterns as CgBMP7. In addition, the growth of shell in the treatment group (pH 7.8) was slower than that in the control group (pH 8.1). These results collectively indicated that BMP7 was able to trigger the BMPR-Smad signaling pathway and involved in controlling the formation of oyster calcified shell under OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Li C, Wang Y, Wei M, Wang X. The involvement of a novel calmodulin-like protein isoform from oyster Crassostrea gigas in transcription factor regulation provides new insight into acclimation to ocean acidification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106423. [PMID: 36822075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms need to adapt to improve organismal fitness under ocean acidification (OA). Recent studies have shown that marine calcifiers can achieve acclimation by stimulating calcium binding/signaling pathways. Here, a CaM-like gene (CgCaLP-2) from oyster Crassostrea gigas which typically responded to long-term CO2 exposure (two months) rather than short-term exposure (one week) was characterized. The cloned cDNA was 678 bp and was shorter than the retrieved sequence from NCBI (1125 bp). The two sequences, designated as CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, were demonstrated to be different splice variants by the genome sequence analysis. Western blotting analysis revealed two bands of 23 kD and 43 kD in mantle and hemocytes, corresponding to predicted molecular weight of CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, respectively. The isoform CgCaLP-2-v1 (the 23 kD band) was highly stimulated in response to long-term CO2 exposure (42-day and 56-day treatment) in hemocytes and mantle tissue. The fluorescence signal of CgCaLP-2 in mantle and hemocytes became more intensive after long-term CO2 exposure. Besides, in hemocytes, CgCaLP-2 presented a higher localization on the nuclear membrane after long-term CO2 exposure (56 d). The target gene network of CgCaLP-2 was predicted, and a transcription factor (TF) gene annotated as Homeobox protein SIX4 (CgSIX4) showed a similar expressive trend to CgCaLP-2 during CO2 exposure. Suppression of CgCaLP-2 via RNA interference significantly reduced the mRNA expression of CgSIX4. The results suggested that CgCaLP-2 might mediate the Ca2+-CaLP-TF signal transduction pathway under long-term CO2 exposure. This study serves as an example to reveal that alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generation multiple protein isoforms and thus shape the plastic responses under CO2 exposure, providing new insight into the potential acclimation ability of marine calcifiers to future OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Manman Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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6
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Chandra Rajan K, Li Y, Dang X, Lim YK, Suzuki M, Lee SW, Vengatesen T. Directional fabrication and dissolution of larval and juvenile oyster shells under ocean acidification. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221216. [PMID: 36651043 PMCID: PMC9979777 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key biochemical processes in calcifying bivalve species such as oysters that is affected by ocean acidification (OA). Larval life stages of oysters are made of aragonite crystals whereas the adults are made of calcite and/or aragonite. Though both calcite and aragonite are crystal polymorphs of calcium carbonate, they have different mechanical properties and hence it is important to study the micro and nano structure of different life stages of oyster shells under OA to understand the mechanisms by which OA affects biomineralization ontogeny. Here, we have studied the larval and juvenile life stages of an economically and ecologically important estuarine oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis, under OA with focus over shell fabrication under OA (pHNBS 7.4). We also look at the effect of parental exposure to OA on larvae and juvenile microstructure. The micro and nanostructure characterization reveals directional fabrication of oyster shells, with more organized structure as biomineralization progresses. Under OA, both the larval and juvenile stages show directional dissolution, i.e. the earlier formed shell layers undergo dissolution at first, owing to longer exposure time. Despite dissolution, the micro and nanostructure of the shell remains unaffected under OA, irrespective of parental exposure history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Dang
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Kian Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Centre for Aquaculture and Veterinary Science & School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Wang X, Li C, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Qiu L. A calcification-related calmodulin-like protein in the oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates the enhanced calcium deposition induced by CO 2 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155114. [PMID: 35413345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium transportation and homeostasis are essential for marine bivalves to maintain basic metabolism and build their shells. Calmodulin-like proteins (CaLPs) are important calcium sensors and buffers and can respond to ocean acidification (OA) in marine calcifiers. However, no further study of their physiological function in calcium metabolism under elevated CO2 has been performed. Here, we identified a novel CaLP (designated CgCaLP) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and demonstrated its participation in the calcification process: the mRNA expression level of CgCaLP peaked at the trochophore larval stage and remained high at stages when shells were shaped; the mRNA and protein of CgCaLP were more highly expressed in mantle tissue than in other tissues. Under elevated CO2 levels, the protein expression level of CgCaLP in hemocytes increased, while in contrast, significantly decreased protein levels were detected in gill and mantle tissues. Shell dissolution caused the imbalance of calcium in hemocytes and decreased calcium absorption and transportation demand in gill and mantle tissues, inducing the molecular function allocation of CgCaLP under CO2 exposure. Despite the decreased protein level in mantle tissue, CgCaLP was found to translocate to outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells where condensed calcium-rich deposits (CRDs) were detected. We further demonstrated that CgCaLP mRNA and protein expression levels could respond to seawater Ca2+ availability, suggesting that the calcium deposition capacity of oysters might be enhanced to fight against shell dissolution problems and that CgCaLP might serve as an essential participator of the process. In summary, CgCaLP might enhance calcium deposition under CO2 exposure and thus play a significant and flexible molecular function involved in a compensation strategy of oysters to fight against the acidified ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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8
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Chandra Rajan K, Meng Y, Yu Z, Roberts SB, Vengatesen T. Oyster biomineralization under ocean acidification: From genes to shell. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3779-3797. [PMID: 33964098 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key processes that is notably affected in marine calcifiers such as oysters under ocean acidification (OA). Understanding molecular changes in the biomineralization process under OA and its heritability, therefore, is key to developing conservation strategies for protecting ecologically and economically important oyster species. To do this, in this study, we have explicitly chosen the tissue involved in biomineralization (mantle) of an estuarine commercial oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The primary aim of this study is to understand the influence of DNA methylation over gene expression of mantle tissue under decreased ~pH 7.4, a proxy of OA, and to extrapolate if these molecular changes can be observed in the product of biomineralization-the shell. We grew early juvenile C. hongkongensis, under decreased ~pH 7.4 and control ~pH 8.0 over 4.5 months and studied OA-induced DNA methylation and gene expression patterns along with shell properties such as microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness. The population of oysters used in this study was found to be moderately resilient to OA at the end of the experiment. The expression of key biomineralization-related genes such as carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected; thus, the mechanical properties of the shell (shell growth rate, hardness and crystal orientation) were also maintained without any significant difference between control and OA conditions with signs of severe dissolution. In addition, this study makes three major conclusions: (1) higher expression of Ca2+ binding/signalling-related genes in the mantle plays a key role in maintaining biomineralization under OA; (2) DNA methylation changes occur in response to OA; however, these methylation changes do not directly control gene expression; and (3) OA would be more of a 'dissolution problem' rather than a 'biomineralization problem' for resilient species that maintain calcification rate with normal shell growth and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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Santos CA, Sonoda GG, Cortez T, Coutinho LL, Andrade SCS. Transcriptome Expression of Biomineralization Genes in Littoraria flava Gastropod in Brazilian Rocky Shore Reveals Evidence of Local Adaptation. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6171147. [PMID: 33720344 PMCID: PMC8070887 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how selection shapes population differentiation and local adaptation in marine species remains one of the greatest challenges in the field of evolutionary biology. The selection of genes in response to environment-specific factors and microenvironmental variation often results in chaotic genetic patchiness, which is commonly observed in rocky shore organisms. To identify these genes, the expression profile of the marine gastropod Littoraria flava collected from four Southeast Brazilian locations in ten rocky shore sites was analyzed. In this first L. flava transcriptome, 250,641 unigenes were generated, and 24% returned hits after functional annotation. Independent paired comparisons between 1) transects, 2) sites within transects, and 3) sites from different transects were performed for differential expression, detecting 8,622 unique differentially expressed genes. Araçá (AR) and São João (SJ) transect comparisons showed the most divergent gene products. For local adaptation, fitness-related differentially expressed genes were chosen for selection tests. Nine and 24 genes under adaptative and purifying selection, respectively, were most related to biomineralization in AR and chaperones in SJ. The biomineralization-genes perlucin and gigasin-6 were positively selected exclusively in the site toward the open ocean in AR, with sequence variants leading to pronounced protein structure changes. Despite an intense gene flow among L. flava populations due to its planktonic larva, gene expression patterns within transects may be the result of selective pressures. Our findings represent the first step in understanding how microenvironmental genetic variation is maintained in rocky shore populations and the mechanisms underlying local adaptation in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Sonoda
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thainá Cortez
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Khrunyk Y, Lach S, Petrenko I, Ehrlich H. Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E589. [PMID: 33255647 PMCID: PMC7760574 DOI: 10.3390/md18120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and of raw materials for practical applications in technology and biomedicine. The use of marine natural products as multifunctional biomaterials is currently undergoing a renaissance in the modern materials science. The diversity of marine biomaterials, their forms and fields of application are highlighted in this review. We will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern marine biomaterialogy using a thorough analysis of scientific sources over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Slawomir Lach
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
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