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Wu Q, Liu Y, Jin C, Zhao Y, Gao M, Guo L. Removal mechanisms and metabolic responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to dissolved organic phosphorus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130999. [PMID: 38885721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biotechnology holds significant potential for addressing dual challenges of phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater; however, the removal mechanism and metabolic adaptation of microalgae to dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) are still unclear. This study investigated the removal mechanisms and metabolomic responses of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa to different DOP forms, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). The results showed C. pyrenoidosa could efficiently take up above 96% DOP through direct transport and post-hydrolysis pathways. The uptake of inorganic phosphorus (IP) followed pseudo first order kinetic model, while DOP followed pseudo second order kinetic model. Metabolite profiling revealed substantial alterations in central carbon metabolism depending on the DOP source. G-6-P upregulated glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates, reflecting enhanced carbohydrates, amino acids and nucleotides biosynthesis. In contrast, ATP down-regulated carbohydrate and purine metabolism, inhibiting sustainable growth of microalgae. This study offers theoretical support for phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment using microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Resources & Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuanjun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), Qingdao 266100, China.
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2
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Ali SS, Hassan LHS, El-Sheekh M. Microalgae-mediated bioremediation: current trends and opportunities-a review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:343. [PMID: 38967670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a critical global challenge, and traditional wastewater treatment methods often prove inadequate in addressing the complexity and scale of this issue. On the other hand, microalgae exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities that enable them to remediate a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and excess nutrients. By leveraging the unique metabolic pathways of microalgae, innovative strategies can be developed to effectively remediate polluted environments. Therefore, this review paper highlights the potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. It also highlights the advantages of utilizing microalgae and algae-bacteria co-cultures for large-scale bioremediation applications, demonstrating impressive biomass production rates and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency. The promising potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation is emphasized, presenting a viable and innovative alternative to traditional treatment methods in addressing the global challenge of environmental pollution. This review identifies the opportunities and challenges for microalgae-based technology and proposed suggestions for future studies to tackle challenges. The findings of this review advance our understanding of the potential of microalgae-based technology wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa H S Hassan
- Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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3
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Ganguly A, Nag S, Bhowmick TK, Gayen K. Phycoremediation of As(III) and Cr(VI) by Desmodesmus subspicatus: Impact on growth and biomolecules (carbohydrate, protein, chlorophyll and lipid) - A dual mode investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48545-48560. [PMID: 39031311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are under research focus for the simultaneous production of biomolecules (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, pigments and lipids) and bioremediation of toxic substances from wastewater. The current study explores the capability of indigenously isolated microalgae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) for the phycoremediation of As(III) and Cr(VI). Variation of biomolecules (carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chlorophyll) was investigated during phycoremediation. D. subspicatus survived up to the toxicity level of 10 mg/L for As(III) and 0.8 mg/L for Cr(VI). A 70% decline in carbohydrate accumulation was observed at 10 mg/L of As(III). An increased content of proteins (+ 28%) and lipids (+ 32%) within the cells was observed while growing in 0.5 and 0.2 mg/L of As(III) and Cr(VI) respectively. A decrease in carbohydrate accumulation was noted with increasing Cr(VI) concentration, and the lowest (- 44%) was recorded at 0.8 mg/L Cr(VI). D. subspicatus showed an excellent maximum removal efficiency for Cr(VI) and As(III) as 77% and 90% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Soma Nag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Tridib Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India.
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Khairuddin NFM, Khan N, Sankaran S, Farooq W, Ahmad I, Aljundi IH. Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:56. [PMID: 38825667 PMCID: PMC11144686 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Produced water (PW) from oil and gas exploration adversely affects aquatic life and living organisms, necessitating treatment before discharge to meet effluent permissible limits. This study first used activated sludge to pretreat PW in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The pretreated PW then entered a 13 L photobioreactor (PBR) containing Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae culture. Initially, 10% of the PW mixed with 90% microalgae culture in the PBR. After the exponential growth of the microalgae, an additional 25% of PW was added to the PBR without extra nutrients. This study reported the growth performance of microalgae in the PBR as well as the reduction in effluent's total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metals content. The results demonstrated removal efficiencies of 64% for TOC, 49.8% for TDS, and 49.1% for EC. The results also showed reductions in barium, iron, and manganese in the effluent by 95, 76, and 52%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farahah Mohd Khairuddin
- Membranes and Water Security IRC, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Membranes and Water Security IRC, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Sankaran
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasif Farooq
- Membranes and Water Security IRC, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Membranes and Water Security IRC, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Li X, Chu Z, Feng C, Song P, Yang T, Zhou L, Zhao X, Chai X, Xing J, Chen S, Zhang J, Wang J, Liu G, Tang H. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of size-dependent effect of polystyrene micro/nano-plastics on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through proteomic profiling. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142220. [PMID: 38710410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have become a prevalent environmental pollutant due to widespread release and production. Algae, as primary producers, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of freshwater environments. Despite reports on the inhibition of microalgae by microplastics, the size-dependent effects on microalgae and associated molecular mechanism remain poorly understood. This study investigates the impacts of three polystyrene micro/nano-plastics (PS-MNPs) with different sizes (100 nm, 350 nm, and 6 μm) and concentrations (25-200 mg/L) on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) throughout its growth period. Results reveal size- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition and induction of oxidative stress by PS-MNPs, with microalgae exhibiting increased vulnerability to smaller-sized and higher-concentration PS-MNPs. Proteomics analysis elucidates the size-dependent suppression of proteins involved in the photosynthesis process by PS-MNPs. Photosynthetic activity assays demonstrate that smaller PS-MNPs more significantly reduce chlorophyll content and the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Finally, electron microscope and Western blot assays collectively confirm the size effect of PS-MNPs on microalgae growth is attributable to suppressed protein expression rather than shading effects. This study contributes to advancing our understanding of the intricate interactions between micro/nano-plastics and algae at the molecular level, emphasizing the efficacy of proteomics in dissecting the mechanistic aspects of microplastics-induced biological effects on environmental indicator organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Technology, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agriculture Product, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chenran Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ping Song
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiale Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Sa Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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6
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Wang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang X, Yu D, Ge B. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) accumulation of Spirulina platensis responding to Cadmium (Cd 2+) exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134244. [PMID: 38598879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis can secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) helping to protect damage from stress environment, such as cadmium (Cd2+) exposure. However, the responding mechanism of S. platensis and the secreted EPS to exposure of Cd2+ is still unclear. This research focuses on the effects of Cd2+ on the composition and structure of the EPS and the response mechanism of EPS secretion from S. platensis for Cd2+ exposure. S. platensis can produce 261.37 mg·g-1 EPS when exposing to 20 mg·L-1 CdCl2, which was 2.5 times higher than the control group. The S. platensis EPS with and without Cd2+ treatment presented similar and stable irregularly fibrous structure. The monosaccharides composition of EPS in Cd2+ treated group are similar with control group but with different monosaccharides molar ratios, especially for Rha, Gal, Glc and Glc-UA. And the Cd2+ treatment resulted in a remarkable decline of humic acid and fulvic acid content. The antioxidant ability of S. platensis EPS increased significantly when exposed to 20 mg·L-1 CdCl2, which could be helpful for S. platensis protecting damage from high concentration of Cd2+. The transcriptome analysis showed that sulfur related metabolic pathways were up-regulated significantly, which promoted the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and the secretion of large amounts of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Yuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
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Xu Y, Shui X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhao B, Sun D. Toxicological effects and mechanisms of lithium on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system in the freshwater microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133898. [PMID: 38422737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of lithium (Li) batteries has drawn public attention to Li as an emerging pollutant. The present study investigates the toxicity of Li+ on Chromochloris zofingiensis, examining physiological, biochemical and omics aspects. Results reveal hormesis effects of Li+ on C. zofingiensis growth. At Li+ concentrations below 5 mg L-1, Li+ can enhance chlorophyll content, mitochondrial activity, and antioxidant capacity, leading to increased dry cell weight and cell number. Conversely, when it exceeded 10 mg L-1, Li+ can reduce chlorophyll content, induce oxidative stress, and disrupt chloroplast and mitochondria structure and function, ultimately impeding cell growth. In addition, under 50 mg L-1 Li+ stress, microalgae optimize absorbed light energy use (increasing Fv/Fm and E TR ) and respond to stress by up-regulating genes in starch and lipid biosynthesis pathways, promoting the accumulation of storage components. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicates that peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, GTPase and L-ascorbate oxidase might be the key regulators in response to Li+ stress. This research marks the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Li+ on freshwater microalga, which would improve our understanding of Li's toxicology and contributing to the establishment of Li pollution standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoxi Shui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Min Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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Raja P, Marigoudar SR, Karthikeyan P, Barath Kumar S, Nagarjuna A, Srinivas TNR, Srirama Krishna M, Sharma KV, Ramana Murthy MV. Responses of plankton community to threshold metal concentrations of cadmium and lead in a mesocosm experiment at Bay of Bengal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120982. [PMID: 38678904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Metals are essential at trace levels to aquatic organisms for the function of many physiological and biological processes. But their elevated levels are toxic to the ecosystem and even brings about shifts in the plankton population. Threshold limits such as Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC - 0.6 μg/l of Cd; 2.7 μg/l of Pb), Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC - 3.0 μg/l of Cd; 4.5 μg/l of Pb) and Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC - 23 μg/l of Cd; 130 μg/l of Pb) prescribed for Indian coastal waters were used for the study. Short-term mesocosm experiments (96 h) were conducted in coastal waters of Visakhapatnam to evaluate responses of the planktonic community on exposure to threshold concentrations of cadmium and lead for the first time. Four individual experimental bags of 2500 L capacity (Control, PNEC, CCC & CMC) were used for the deployment and ambient water samples were analysed simultaneously to evaluate the impacts of the threshold levels in the natural waters. Chaetoceros sp. were dominant group in the control system whereas, Prorocentrum sp. Ceratium sp. Tintinopsis sp. Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema sp. were major groups in the test bags. Throughout the experiment the phytoplankton community did not show any significant differences with increased nutrients and plankton biomass (Chl-a <8.64 mg/m3). Positive response of plankton community was observed in the experimental bags. High abundance of diatoms were observed in PNEC, CCC & CMC bags at 48 h and the abundance decreased with shift in the species at 72-96 h. The catalase activity in phytoplankton (5.99 nmol/min/ml) and the zooplankton (4.77 nmol/min/ml) showed induction after exposure to PNEC. The present mesocosm study is confirmed that short-term exposure to threshold metal concentration did not affects the phytoplankton community structure in PNEC, but CCC and CMC affects the community structure beyond 24 h. The insights from this study will serve as a baseline information and help develop environmental management tools. We believe that long-term mesocosm experiments would unravel metal detoxification mechanisms at the cellular level and metal transfer rate at higher trophic levels in real-world environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaikkaran Raja
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Shambanagouda R Marigoudar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India.
| | - Panneerselvam Karthikeyan
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Sarvalingam Barath Kumar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Avula Nagarjuna
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | | | - Moturi Srirama Krishna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography-Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam 530 017, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Venkatarama Sharma
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
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Solomonova E, Shoman N, Akimov A, Rylkova O, Meger Y. Application of confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to identify physiological responses of Prorocentrum micans to the herbicide glyphosate. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106417. [PMID: 38394976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The physiological response of the dinoflagellate P. micans to the effect of the herbicide glyphosate at a concentration of 25-200 μg L-1 was evaluated. It has been shown that P. micans is able to grow due to the consumption of dissolved organic phosphorus formed as a result of the mineralization of glyphosate by bacteria. The addition of glyphosate to the medium inhibits the photosynthetic activity of cells; there is a pronounced inhibition of the relative electron transfer rate along the electron transport chain and the maximum quantum efficiency of the use of light energy. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in P. micans cells were evaluated at sublethal (150 μg L-1) and lethal (200 μg L-1) glyphosate concentrations. It has been shown that at a herbicide concentration of 150 μg L-1, the first signs of apoptosis appear in most P. micans cells: a decrease in lateral light scattering, cytoplasmic retraction, partial destruction of cytoplasmic organelles, a change in the morphology of nuclei, mitochondria, a change in the potential of mitochondrial membranes, and a decrease in the autofluorescence of chlorophyll in cells. At a glyphosate concentration of 200 μg L-1, P. micans showed signs of a late stage of apoptosis: violation of the integrity of intracellular organelles and chromatin organization, fragmentation of nuclei, condensation of cytoplasm, disorganization of chloroplasts in the cells, and the release of cell contents beyond the cell membrane. The effectiveness of using flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy methods for identifying signs and stages of cell apoptosis when exposed to glyphosate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Solomonova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Shoman
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Arkady Akimov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Rylkova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov Meger
- Sevastopol State University, 299053, Universitetskaya Street, 33, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
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10
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Li H, Lin L, Liu H, Deng X, Wang L, Kuang Y, Lin Z, Liu P, Wang Y, Xu Z. Simultaneous exposure to nanoplastics and cadmium mitigates microalgae cellular toxicity: Insights from molecular simulation and metabolomics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108633. [PMID: 38603814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In the severe pollution area of nanoplastics (NPs) and cadmium ions (Cd2+), the joint effects of their high environmental concentrations on primary producers may differ from those of low environmental doses. Thus, we investigated the physiological changes, cell morphology, molecular dynamic simulation, phenotypic interactions, and metabolomics responses of C. pyrenoidosa to high environmental concentrations of NPs and Cd2+ after 12-d acclimation. After 12-d cultivation, mono-NPs and mono-Cd2+ reduced cell density and triggered antioxidant enzymes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production, and cell aggregation to defend their unfavorable effects. Based on the molecular dynamic simulation, the chlorine atoms of the NPs and Cd2+ had charge attraction with the nitrogen and phosphorus atoms in the choline and phosphate groups in the cell membrane, thereby NPs and Cd2+ could adsorb on the cells to destroy them. In the joint exposure, NPs dominated the variations of ultrastructure and metabolomics and alleviated the toxicity of NPs and Cd2+. Due to its high environmental concentration, more NPs could compete with the microalgae for Cd2+ and thicken cell walls, diminishing the Cd2+ content and antioxidant enzymes of microalgae. NPs addition also decreased the EPS content, while the bound EPS with -CN bond was kept to detoxicate Cd2+. Metabolomics results showed that the NPs downregulated nucleotide, arachidonic acid, and tryptophan metabolisms, while the Cd2+ showed an opposite trend. Compared with their respective exposures, metabolomics results found the changes in metabolic molecules, suggesting the NPs_Cd2+ toxicity was mitigated by balancing nucleotide, arachidonic acid, tryptophan, and arginine and proline metabolisms. Consequently, this study provided new insights that simultaneous exposure to high environmental concentrations of NPs and Cd2+ mitigated microalgae cellular toxicity, which may change their fates and biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Lihong Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xingying Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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11
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Chakravorty M, Jaiswal KK, Bhatnagar P, Parveen A, Upadhyay S, Vlaskin MS, Alajmi MF, Chauhan PK, Nanda M, Kumar V. Exogenous GABA supplementation to facilitate Cr (III) tolerance and lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120441. [PMID: 38430879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae possess the prospective to be efficiently involved in bioremediation and biodiesel generation. However, conditions of stress often restrict their growth and diminish different metabolic processes. The current study evaluates the potential of GABA to improve the growth of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana under Cr (III) stress through the exogenous administration of GABA. The research also investigates the concurrent impact of GABA and Cr (III) stress on various metabolic and biochemical pathways of the microalgae. In addition to the control, cultures treated with Cr (III), GABA, and both Cr (III) and GABA treated were assessed for accurately analysing the influence of GABA. The outcomes illustrated that GABA significantly promoted growth of the microalgae, resulting in higher biomass productivity (19.14 mg/L/day), lipid productivity (3.445 mg/L/day) and lipid content (18%) when compared with the cultures under Cr (III) treatment only. GABA also enhanced Chl a content (5.992 μg/ml) and percentage of protein (23.75%). FAMEs analysis by GC-MS and total lipid profile revealed that GABA treatment can boost the production of SFA and lower the level of PUFA, a distribution ideal for improving biodiesel quality. ICP-MS analysis revealed that GABA supplementation could extend Cr (III) mitigation level up to 97.7%, suggesting a potential strategy for bioremediation. This novel study demonstrates the merits of incorporating GABA in C. sorokiniana cultures under Cr (III) stress, in terms of its potential in bioremediation and biodiesel production without disrupting the pathways of photosynthesis and protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Chakravorty
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Shuchi Upadhyay
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology SoHST, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohamed Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
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12
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Kadam RV, Rani V, Padmavathy P, Shalini R, Selvi MJT, Narsale SA. Assessment of heavy metals and environmental stress conditions on the production potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in indigenous microalgae isolated from the Gulf of Mannar coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:301. [PMID: 38400851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heavy metals, viz., lead, mercury, and cadmium, on growth, chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids, and PUFA content of marine microalgae Chlorella sp. and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. At 96-h exposure, the IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.85 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.3 mg/L respectively, in Chlorella sp. In C. fusiformis, IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.5 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L respectively. The pigment contents of both microalgae were significantly affected upon heavy metal exposure. In Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, the exposed concentrations of Hg2+ averagely decreased the PUFA content by 76.34% and 78.68%, respectively. Similarly, Pb2+-exposed concentrations resulted in 54.50% and 82.64% average reductions in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Cd2+-exposed concentrations showed 32.58% and 40.54% average reduction in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Among the environmental stress conditions, the dark treatment has increased total PUFA content by 6.63% in Chlorella sp. and 3.92% in C. fusiformis. It was observed that the 50% nitrogen starvation (two-stage) significantly improved the PUFA production from 26.47 ± 6.55% to 40.92 ± 10.74% in Chlorella sp. and from 11.23 ± 5.01 to 32.8 ± 14.17% in C. fusiformis. The toxicity for both microalgae was followed in the order Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Among the two species, Chlorella sp. has shown a high tolerance to heavy metals and can be effectively utilized in PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M J Thamarai Selvi
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swapnil Ananda Narsale
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang J, Su B, Fei X, Che J, Yao T, Zhang R, Yi S. Enhanced microalgal biomass and lipid production with simultaneous effective removal of Cd using algae-bacteria-activated carbon consortium added with organic carbon source. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141088. [PMID: 38163470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, using microalgae to remediate heavy metal polluted water has been attained a huge attention. However, heavy metals are generally toxic to microalgae and consequently decrease biomass accumulation. To address this issue, the feasibility of adding exogenous glucose, employing algae-bacteria system and algae-bacteria-activated carbon consortium to enhance microalgae growth were evaluated. The result showed that Cd2+ removal efficiency was negatively correlated with microalgal specific growth rate. The exogenous glucose alleviated the heavy metal toxicity to algal cells and thus increased the microalgae growth rate. Among the different treatments, the algae-bacteria-activated carbon combination had the highest biomass concentration (1.15 g L-1) and lipid yield (334.97 mg L-1), which were respectively 3.03 times of biomass (0.38 g L-1) and 4.92 times of lipid yield (68.08 mg L-1) in the single microalgae treatment system. Additionally, this algae-bacteria-activated carbon consortium remained a high Cd2+ removal efficiency (91.61%). In all, the present study developed an approach that had a great potential in simultaneous heavy metal wastewater treatment and microalgal lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Bocheng Su
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Xingyi Fei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Jiayi Che
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Ruizeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Sanjiong Yi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
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14
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Zeng Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Long D, Jian Y, Tan Q, Wang H. Effects of Cu (II) on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Synthetic Piggery Digestate. TOXICS 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 38251012 PMCID: PMC10819573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
C. vulgaris has a positive effect on the removal of nutrients from pig farm biogas slurry. However, swine wastewater often contains heavy metal ions, such as Cu (II), which may have impacts on the nutrient removal performance of C. vulgaris. Additionally, the heavy metal ions in wastewater can be adsorbed by microalgae. In this study, the stress effect of Cu (II) on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, the Cu (II) removal by microalgae, and the effect of different concentrations of Cu (II) on the nutrient removal efficiency of C. vulgaris in biogas slurries were explored. The results showed that the microalgae biomass of microalgae on the sixth day of the experiment was the highest in the treatment with a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L, which was 30.1% higher than that of the 2.5 mg/L group. C. vulgaris had higher removal efficiencies of Cu (II) at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.1~1.5 mg/L. The-OH, C=O, -COOH, and C-O groups on the surface of the algal cells play a significant role in the removal of Cu (II). The removal rates of COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP by C. vulgaris at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L were the highest, which were 89.0%, 53.7%, 69.6%, and 47.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zeng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qiong Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
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15
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Al-Khiat SH, Bukhari NA, Ameen F, Abdel-Raouf N. Comparison of the microalgae Phormidium tenue and Chlorella vulgaris as biosorbents of Cd and Zn from aqueous environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116675. [PMID: 37453511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are accumulating into sediments and enriching in aquatic food chains. The efficiency of two microalgae, Phormidium tenue and Chlorella vulgaris, to remove zinc and cadmium from aqueous solutions was studied. The microalgae were incubated in different heavy metal concentrations for 18 days. Morphological and anatomical changes in microalgae were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both algae removed both Zn2+ and Cd2+in vitro. C. vulgaris removed Zn2+ almost totally (99%) and Cd2+ slightly less (87%). The concentration factors were 2210 and 1117, respectively. SEM and TEM figures showed some alterations in the form and cellular components of both algae. C. vulgaris appeared to be more tolerant to both Cd and Zn than P. tenue. C. vulgaris is a promising microalgal species used to remove heavy metals from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad H Al-Khiat
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A Bukhari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Neveen Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt
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16
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Luo Y, Li X, Lin Y, Wu S, Cheng JJ, Yang C. Stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline in Chlorella vulgaris cultured in swine wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165120. [PMID: 37379923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella culturing has the advantages in treatment of wastewater including swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters due to the product of biolipids and the uptake of carbon dioxide. However, there often exist high concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals in swine wastewater which could be toxic to chlorella and harmful to the biological systems. This study examined the stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline (OTC) at various concentrations on the nutrient removal and biomass growth in Chlorella vulgaris culturing in swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters, and its biochemical responses were also studied. Results showed that dynamic hormesis of either OTC concentration or cupric ion one on Chlorella vulgaris were confirmed separately, and the presence of OTC not only did not limit biomass growth and lipids content of Chlorella vulgaris but also could mitigate the toxicity of cupric ion on Chlorella vulgaris in combined stress of Cu2+ and OTC. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris were used to explain the mechanisms of stress for the first time. The content of proteins and carbohydrates in EPS increased, and the fluorescence spectrum intensity of tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris decreased with increasing concentration of stress because Cu2+ and OTC may be chelated with proteins of TB-EPS to form non-fluorescent characteristic chelates. The low concentration of Cu2+ (≤1.0 mg/L) could enhance the protein content and promote the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) while these parameters were decreased drastically under 2.0 mg/L of Cu2+. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glutathione (GSH) enhanced with the increase of OTC concentration under combined stress. This study helps to comprehend the impact mechanisms of stress on Chlorella vulgaris and provides a novel strategy to improve the stability of microalgae systems for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Urban and Rural Environmental Construction Co.., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410118, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jay J Cheng
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
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Thabet J, Elleuch J, Martínez F, Abdelkafi S, Hernández LE, Fendri I. Characterization of cellular toxicity induced by sub-lethal inorganic mercury in the marine microalgae Chlorococcum dorsiventrale isolated from a metal-polluted coastal site. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139391. [PMID: 37414298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects numerous marine aquatic ecosystems. We isolated Chlorococcum dorsiventrale Ch-UB5 microalga from coastal areas of Tunisia suffering from metal pollution and analyzed its tolerance to Hg. This strain accumulated substantial amounts of Hg and was able to remove up to 95% of added metal after 24 and 72 h in axenic cultures. Mercury led to lesser biomass growth, higher cell aggregation, significant inhibition of photochemical activity, and appearance of oxidative stress and altered redox enzymatic activities, with proliferation of starch granules and neutral lipids vesicles. Such changes matched the biomolecular profile observed using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, with remarkable spectral changes corresponding to lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. C. dorsiventrale accumulated the chloroplastic heat shock protein HSP70B and the autophagy-related ATG8 protein, probably to counteract the toxic effects of Hg. However, long-term treatments (72 h) usually resulted in poorer physiological and metabolic responses, associated with acute stress. C. dorsiventrale has potential use for Hg phycoremediation in marine ecosystems, with the ability to accumulating energetic reserves that could be used for biofuel production, supporting the notion of using of C. dorsiventrale for sustainable green chemistry in parallel to metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Thabet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Flor Martínez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luis Eduardo Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Ugya AY, Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgae biofilm system as an efficient tool for wastewater remediation and potential bioresources for pharmaceutical product production: an overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:131-142. [PMID: 37382505 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2229920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of microalgae in wastewater remediation and metabolite production has been well documented, but the limitations of microalgae harvesting and low biomass production call for a more sustainable method of microalgae utilization. The current review gives an insight on how microalgae biofilms can be utilized as a more efficient system for wastewater remediation and as potential source of metabolite for pharmaceutical product production. The review affirms that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the vital component of the microalgae biofilm because it influences the spatial organization of the organisms forming microalgae biofilm. The EPS is also responsible for the ease interaction between organisms forming microalgae biofilm. This review restate the crucial role play by EPS in the removal of heavy metals from water to be due to the presence of binding sites on its surface. This review also attribute the ability of microalgae biofilm to bio-transform organic pollutant to be dependent on enzymatic activities and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review assert that during the treatment of wastewater, the wastewater pollutants induce oxidative stress on microalgae biofilms. The response of the microalgae biofilm toward counteracting the stress induced by ROS leads to production of metabolites. These metabolites are important tools that can be harness for the production of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Yunusa Ugya
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Environmental Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Liu XY, Hong Y, Liang M, Zhai QY. Bioremediation of zinc and manganese in swine wastewater by living microalgae: Performance, mechanism, and algal biomass utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129382. [PMID: 37352991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The remediation effects of living Chlorella sp. HL on zinc and manganese in swine wastewater was investigated, and the responses of algal cells and the mechanism were explored. In the wastewater with Zn(II) concentration of 1.85 mg/L and Mn(II) of 1 or 6 mg/L, the highest removal of Zn(II) by Chlorella reached 86.72% and 97.16%, respectively, and the Mn(II) removal were 42.74% and 30.33%, respectively. The antioxidant system of cells was activated by a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in the mixed system compared to the single system. The presence of Mn(II) could positively regulate the differentially expressed genes related to catalytic activity and metabolic processes between the single Zn system and the mixed systems, reducing the stress of Zn(II) on Chlorella and more favorable to chlorophyll synthesis. The heavy metal-containing microalgal biomass obtained has the potential as feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Man Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang W, He L, Pan J, Zhou Y, Ge R, Li S, Shi Y, Chen X, Chu Y. Response of Juvenile Saccharina japonica to the Combined Stressors of Elevated pCO 2 and Excess Copper. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1140. [PMID: 36903998 PMCID: PMC10005686 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal macroalgae may be subjected to global and local environmental stressors, such as ocean acidification and heavy-metal pollution. We investigated the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and biochemical compositions of juvenile sporophytes of Saccharina japonica cultivated at two pCO2 levels (400 and 1000 ppmv) and four copper concentrations (natural seawater, control; 0.2 μM, low level; 0.5 μM, medium level; and 1 μM, high level) to better understand how macroalgae respond to ongoing environmental changes. The results showed that the responses of juvenile S. japonica to copper concentrations depended on the pCO2 level. Under the 400 ppmv condition, medium and high copper concentrations significantly decreased the relative growth rate (RGR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) but increased the relative electron transfer rate (rETR) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll c (Chl c), carotenoid (Car), and soluble carbohydrate contents. At 1000 ppmv, however, none of the parameters had significant differences between the different copper concentrations. Our data suggest that excess copper may inhibit the growth of juvenile sporophytes of S. japonica, but this negative effect could be alleviated by CO2-induced ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianghua He
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiangqi Pan
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruxiang Ge
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yunyun Shi
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaoyao Chu
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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