1
|
Pollard S, De Silva AO, Simmons DBD. Metabolic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of PFAAs and their mixtures on the proteome of the head kidney and plasma from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172389. [PMID: 38615763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PFAAs (Perfluoroalkyl acids) are a class of bioaccumulative, persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants which primarily occupy the hydrosphere and its sediments. Currently, a paucity of toxicological information exists for short chain PFAAs and complex mixtures. In order to address these knowledge gaps, we performed a 3-week, aqueous exposure of rainbow trout to 3 different concentrations of a PFAA mixture (50, 100 and 500 ng/L) modeled after the composition determined in Lake Ontario. We conducted an additional set of exposures to individual PFAAs (25 nM each of PFOS (12,500 ng/L), PFOA (10,300 ng/L), PFBS (7500 ng/L) or PFBA (5300 ng/L) to evaluate differences in biological response across PFAA congeners. Untargeted proteomics and phosphorylated metabolomics were conducted on the blood plasma and head kidney tissue to evaluate biological response. Plasma proteomic responses to the mixtures revealed several unexpected outcomes including Similar proteomic profiles and biological processes as the PFOS exposure regime while being orders of magnitude lower in concentration and an atypical dose response in terms of the number of significantly altered proteins (FDR < 0.1). Biological pathway analysis revealed the low mixture, medium mixture and PFOS to significantly alter (FDR < 0.05) a number of processes including those involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and the nervous system. We implicate plasma increases in PPARD and PPARG as being directly related to these biological processes as they are known to be important regulators in all 3 processes. In contrast to the blood plasma, the high mixture and PFOA exposure regimes caused the greatest change to the head kidney proteome, altering many proteins being involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Our findings support the pleiotropic effect PFAAs have on aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant doses including those on PPAR signaling, metabolic dysregulation, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pollard
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Søderstrøm S, Lille-Langøy R, Yadetie F, Rauch M, Milinski A, Dejaegere A, Stote RH, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Agonistic and potentiating effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107203. [PMID: 35364415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity mediated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), has been linked to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppar) in many vertebrates. Here, we present the primary structures, phylogeny, and tissue-specific distributions of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) gmPpara1, gmPpara2, gmPparb, and gmPparg, and demonstrate that the carboxylic acids PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, as well as the sulfonic acid PFHxS, activate gmPpara1 in vitro, which was also supported by in silico analyses. Intriguingly, a binary mixture of PFOA and the non-activating PFOS produced a higher activation of gmPpara1 compared to PFOA alone, suggesting that PFOS has a potentiating effect on receptor activation. Supporting the experimental data, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of single and double-ligand complexes led to the identification of a putative allosteric binding site, which upon binding of PFOS stabilizes an active conformation of gmPpara1. Notably, binary exposures of gmPpara1, gmPpara2, and gmPparb to model-agonists and PFAAs produced similar potentiating effects. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PFAAs may modulate the Ppar signaling pathway by either binding the canonical ligand-binding pocket or by interacting with an allosteric binding site. Thus, individual PFAAs, or mixtures, could potentially modulate the Ppar-signaling pathway in Atlantic cod by interfering with at least one gmPpar subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Søderstrøm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mateusz Rauch
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Milinski
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martínez-Morcillo S, Pérez-López M, Míguez MP, Valcárcel Y, Soler F. Comparative study of esterase activities in different tissues of marine fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:12-22. [PMID: 31078771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most frequently anthropogenic xenobiotics detected in water. Among these, the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are very widely used in agriculture due to their broad spectrum of activity and their low price, but they also have high potent effects as neurotoxic compounds in non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), propionylcholinesterase (PChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) in the representative Atlantic fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus from "Rías Gallegas", a traditional Spanish fishing area. These esterase activities were evaluated in the brain, muscle and liver to determine the most adequate tissue to measure such enzymatic activities. The sensitivity of AChE and CbE activities from different tissues the widely used organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP), and its toxic metabolite (CP-oxon) was also tested. AChE activity was predominant in all tissues of the analysed species (particularly in brain constituting from 78.33%, 89.83% and 88.43% of total ChEs in Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus, respectively). Under in vitro exposure, esterases were shown to be highly sensitive to CP and especially to CP-oxon. Moreover, a similar effect observed on AChE and CbE activities could suggest that CbE activity might contribute efficiently against the toxic effects of CP, especially in muscle and the liver. The presence of BChE, PChE and upper CbE activities in muscle and the liver and their OP-sensibilities can be used to study their function in the pesticide biochemical detoxification pathways with a prominent role as a safeguarding mechanism against pesticide toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Morcillo
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - M P Míguez
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candelma M, Valle LD, Colella S, Santojanni A, Carnevali O. Cloning, characterization, and molecular expression of gonadotropin receptors in European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a multiple-spawning species. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:895-910. [PMID: 29473090 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts have many spawning strategies and the hormonal control of gametogenesis is not well defined among the species or even, between sexes. To increase the knowledge of gonadotropin hormones, we studied the trend by gene expression of gonadotropin receptors in the follicles and testis at different maturity stages in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a multiple-spawning species. With this aim, fshr and lhr were sequenced, characterized, and their gene expression was quantified in oocytes and in testes at different maturity stages. The deduced amino acid sequences were used to phylogenetic studies and evidenced that both receptors are phylogenetically closed to other gadoid species. The gene expression of both receptors was poorly expressed in primary follicles, increased in vitellogenic follicles and to later decrease in hydrated oocytes. In testis, highest levels of lhr were detected during spermiation, while levels of fshr were constant. For the first time, a histological analysis was performed in European hake testes showing an unrestricted lobular testis. To better elucidate the mechanisms involved in the oogenesis of the European hake, the expression of estrogen receptor and cyp19a was also investigated displaying high levels in all classes of follicles. All these data allow to increase the knowledge on reproductive physiology of an important socioeconomical species and it seeks to shed more light on the role of the receptors here studied during gametogenesis of multiple-spawning fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candelma
- Laboratory of Developmental and Reproductive Biology, DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Colella
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Santojanni
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Laboratory of Developmental and Reproductive Biology, DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diaz de Cerio O, Bilbao E, Ruiz P, Pardo BG, Martínez P, Cajaraville MP, Cancio I. Hepatic gene transcription profiles in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) experimentally exposed to heavy fuel oil nº 6 and to styrene. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 123:14-24. [PMID: 27846414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil and chemical spills in the marine environment, although sporadic, are highly dangerous to biota inhabiting coastal and estuarine areas. Effects of spilled compounds in exposed organisms occur at different biological organization levels: from molecular, cellular or tissue levels to the physiological one. The present study aims to determine the specific hepatic gene transcription profiles observed in turbot juveniles under exposure to fuel oil n °6 and styrene vs controls using an immune enriched turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) oligo-microarray containing 2716 specific gene probes. After 3 days of exposure, fuel oil specifically induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transcriptional response through up-regulation of genes, such as ahrr and cyp1a1. More gene transcripts were regulated after 14 days of exposure involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, immune modulation, and oxidative response among the most significantly regulated functional pathways. On the contrary, gene transcription alterations caused by styrene did not highlight any significantly regulated molecular or metabolic pathway. This was also previously reported at cell and tissue level where no apparent responses were distinguishable. For the fuel oil experiment, obtained specific gene profiles could be related to changes in cell-tissue organization in the same individuals, such as increased hepatocyte vacuolization, decrease in melano-macrophage centers and the regulation of leukocyte numbers. In conclusion, the mode of action reflected by gene transcription profiles analyzed hereby in turbot livers could be linked with the responses previously reported at higher biological organization levels. Molecular alterations described hereby could be preceding observed alterations at cell and tissue levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Belén G Pardo
- Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ibon Cancio
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Candelma M, Fontaine R, Colella S, Santojanni A, Weltzien FA, Carnevali O. Gonadotropin characterization, localization and expression in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius). Reproduction 2016; 153:123-132. [PMID: 27803150 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the regulation of gametogenesis is under the control of gonadotropins (Gth), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh). In fish, the physiological role of Gths is not fully understood, especially in species with asynchronous ovarian development. To elucidate the role of Gths in species with asynchronous ovary, we studied European hake (Merluccius merluccius) during the reproductive season. For this aim, we first cloned and sequenced both hormones. Then, we characterized their amino acid sequence and performed phylogenetic analyses to verify the relationship to their orthologues in other species. In addition, the quantification of gene expression during their natural reproductive season was analyzed in wild-caught female hake. Our results revealed that fshb peaked during the vitellogenic phase, remaining high until spawning. This is in contrast to the situation in species with synchronous ovary. lhb, on the other hand, peaked during maturation as it is also common in species with synchronous ovarian development. Finally, combining double-labeling fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for Gth mRNAs with immunofluorescence for Lh protein, we evidenced the specific expression of fshb and lhb in different cells within the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary. In addition to gonadotrope cells specific to expression of either fshb or lhb, some cells showed co-expression of both genes. This suggests either that gonadotropes with co-expression are not yet specified or they could have a plasticity that permits changes from one cell phenotype to another during certain life stages and in turn during different physiological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candelma
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic MedicineNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabrina Colella
- CNR-National Research Council of ItalyISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Santojanni
- CNR-National Research Council of ItalyISMAR-Marine Sciences Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic MedicineNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cuevas N, Zorita I, Costa PM, Quincoces I, Larreta J, Franco J. Histopathological indices in sole (Solea solea) and hake (Merluccius merluccius) for implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive along the Basque continental shelf (SE Bay of Biscay). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 94:185-198. [PMID: 25772424 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sole and hake, together with sediments, were collected during two campaigns along the Basque continental shelf to study the utility of two existing histopathological indices for assessing the biological effects of contaminants to implement the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Hepatic and gonadal histopathology were measured, and metal and/or organic contaminants were determined in both liver and sediments. Sediments from the Basque continental shelf were found to be moderately impacted by metals but non-impacted by organic compounds. Metal bioaccumulation and histopathological lesions in liver were higher in sole than in hake, although non-specific and early non-neoplastic toxicopathic lesions were observed in both species. No gross alterations were recorded in gonad. The two histopathological indices applied were highly correlated in both organs but the lack of correlation between sediment contamination levels, bioaccumulation and histopathological indices suggests that other factors, rather than pollution alone, are responsible for the biological effects observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Cuevas
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain.
| | - Izaskun Zorita
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia, Faculdade de ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Iñaki Quincoces
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Joana Larreta
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Javier Franco
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Holth TF, Eidsvoll DP, Farmen E, Sanders MB, Martínez-Gómez C, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Guilhermino L, Hylland K. Effects of water accommodated fractions of crude oils and diesel on a suite of biomarkers in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:240-252. [PMID: 24929352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize concentration- and time-dependent responses in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following exposure for one and three weeks to the water-soluble fraction (WAF) of three weathered oils: Arabian Light crude oil (ALC), North Sea crude oil (NSC) and ship-diesel. The sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water was highest after one week of exposure and within environmentally relevant concentrations. PAH metabolites in bile confirmed exposure to and uptake of PAHs. Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression (mRNA quantification) increased dramatically following exposure to all three oil types (fold-change up to 165) and there was a time lag between gene and protein expression. Hepatic CYP1A protein concentration and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were more variable among individuals and treatments than gene expression. EROD activity in liver and gills increased in fish exposed to WAF from the two crude oils, but not in fish exposed to WAF from diesel. Exposure to diesel appeared to induce oxidative stress to a greater extent than exposure to crude oils. Other biomarkers (glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholine esterase, vitellogenin) did not appear to respond to the exposure and hence did not discriminate among oils. Biomarker responses in cod after exposure to weathered crude oils and diesel suggested that the CYP1A system and oxidative stress markers have the highest potential for discriminating among different oil types and to monitor the environmental consequences of spills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Holth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - D P Eidsvoll
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Farmen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadaléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - M B Sanders
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Varadero 1, Spain
| | - H Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC/LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), 351 crs de la Libération, Talence, France
| | - T Burgeot
- IFREMER, Unit of Research in Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de I'lle d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - L Guilhermino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology & ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Holth TF, Beckius J, Zorita I, Cajaraville MP, Hylland K. Assessment of lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation in the head kidney of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following long-term exposure to produced water components. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 72:127-134. [PMID: 21821279 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for sensitive biological effect methods by which to detect impacts of chronic exposure to low concentrations of contaminants. Two methods shown to be potentially useful for monitoring purposes in fish include lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation. These biological endpoints were assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) head kidney following exposure to a mixture of produced water components including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and alkylphenols. Lysosomal damage of head kidney cells occurred within the first two weeks and did not recover during the entire exposure period (32 weeks). Lysosomal membrane stability was not affected by gender and was responsive at low concentrations of contamination, indicating that lysosomal membrane stability measured in the head kidney could be a useful biomarker for effects of offshore pollution. Peroxisome proliferation, measured as acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the head kidney, appeared to be a potential biomarker in male cod exposed less than 16 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Holth
- University of Oslo, Department of Biology, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|