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Sousa CSV, Sun J, Mestre NC. Potential biomarkers of metal toxicity in deep-sea invertebrates - A critical review of the omics data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175628. [PMID: 39163939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea mining (DSM) activities are expected to release potentially toxic metal mixtures through the generation of sediment plumes to the marine environment. This may disrupt the normal functioning of biological mechanisms, adversely affecting deep-sea invertebrate organisms. It is thus essential to understand the ecotoxicological effects from these toxic elements in deep-sea organisms and the omics approaches applied to ecotoxicology are seen as promising tools. Here, we provide an overview of the principal biological modifications identified in deep-sea invertebrates when exposed to metals and critically evaluate the current knowledge and discuss which potential biomarkers may be useful after metal exposure. Most of the 50 omics studies on deep-sea invertebrates revised are comparative transcriptomes (n = 41). Forty-three potential biomarker candidates are highlighted from immune system, 46 from cellular metabolism and 29 from oxidative stress. The processes mostly affected by metal toxicity in deep-sea invertebrates are related to innate immune defense; sulfur, chitin, and catabolic metabolism; antioxidation; and detoxification. We acknowledge the current limitations and future perspectives for their uses and emphasize the need to invest in further ecotoxicological studies using the omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cármen S V Sousa
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Zhao R, Yang Y, Li S, Chen S, Ding J, Wu Y, Qu M, Di Y. Comparative study of integrated bio-responses in deep-sea and nearshore mussels upon abiotic condition changes: Insight into distinct regulation and adaptation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106610. [PMID: 38879901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea mussels, one of the dominant species in most deep-sea ecosystems, have long been used as model organisms to investigate the adaptations and symbiotic relationships of deep-sea macrofauna under laboratory conditions due to their ability to survive under atmospheric pressure. However, the impact of additional abiotic conditions beyond pressure, such as temperature and light, on their physiological characteristics remains unknown. In this study, deep-sea mussels (Gigantidas platifrons) from cold seep of the South China Sea, along with nearshore mussels (Mytilus coruscus) from the East China Sea, were reared in unfavorable abiotic conditions for up to 8 days. Integrated biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense, immune ability and energy metabolism were investigated in the gill and digestive gland, while cytotoxicity was determined in hemocytes of both types of mussels. The results revealed mild bio-responses in two types of mussels in the laboratory, represented by the effective antioxidant defense with constant total antioxidant capability level and malondialdehyde content. There were also disparate adaptations in deep-sea and nearshore mussels. In deep-sea mussels, significantly increased immune response and energy reservation were observed in gills, together with the elevated cytotoxicity in hemocytes, implying the more severe biological adaptation was required, mainly due to the symbiotic bacteria loss under laboratory conditions. On the contrary, insignificant biological responses were exhibited in nearshore mussels except for the increased energy consumption, indicating the trade-off strategy to use more energy to deal with potential stress. Overall, this comparative study highlights the basal bio-responses of deep-sea and nearshore mussels out of their native environments, providing evidence that short-term culture of both mussels under easily achievable laboratory conditions would not dramatically alter their biological status. This finding will assist in broadening the application of deep-sea mussels as model organism in future research regardless of the specialized research equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Zhao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Shuimei Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yusong Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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Lin H, Wei Y, Li S, Mao X, Qin J, Su S, He T. Changes in transcriptome regulations of a marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under methylmercury stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101177. [PMID: 38104474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), a heavy metal pollutant worldwide, can be transformed into methylmercury (MeHg) by various aquatic microorganisms in water, thus accumulating along the aquatic food chain and posing a particular challenge to human health. Zooplankton plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems and serves as a major component of the food chain. To evaluate the effects of MeHg on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and reveal the underlying mechanism of these effects, we exposed B. plicatilis to MeHg by either direct immersion or by feeding with MeHg-poisoned Chlorella pyrenoidesa, respectively, and conducted a transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that B. plicatilis directly exposed to MeHg by immersion showed significant enrichment of the glutathione metabolism pathway for detoxification of MeHg. In addition, the exposure to MeHg by feeding induced a significant enrichment of lysosome and notch signaling pathways of rotifers, supporting the hypothesis that MeHg can induce autophagy dysfunction in cells and disturb the nervous system of rotifers. In two different routes of MeHg exposure, the pathway of cytochrome P450 in rotifers showed significant enrichment for resisting MeHg toxicity. Our results suggest further studies on the potential mechanism and biological responses of MeHg toxicity in other links of the aquatic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Lin
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanlin Wei
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Songzhang Li
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianguang Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shengqi Su
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Tao He
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Hirano-Maeda Y, Ojima D, Kanematsu M. Molecular characterization of Vasa homolog in the pen shell Atrina pectinata: cDNA cloning and expression analysis during gonadal development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110798. [PMID: 36064136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vasa is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box family and a representative component of the germ plasm. In this study, we cloned the full-length vasa homolog in the bivalve Atrina pectinata (psvasa), and performed phylogenetic analysis, mRNA expression analysis for tissue-specific distributions, and immunostaining analysis to reveal its histological localization. The sequence of psvasa was 3587 bp in length and contained a 5' untranslated region of 150 bp, an open reading frame of 2214 bp, and a 3' untranslated region of 1223 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of psvasa was 737 amino acids long and contained evolutionarily conserved sequences reported in other animals. The mRNA expression analysis showed the highest expression levels in the gonads. Expression was especially high in the ovaries, followed by the testes. The immunostaining analysis showed Vasa-positive cells in the developing gonads, suggesting the presence of putative germ stem cells contributing to the supply of germ cells. Furthermore, characteristic Vasa signals were observed in the basophilic nuclei of the oocytes, suggesting that psvasa plays an important role in the progression of meiosis in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirano-Maeda
- Momoshima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute (FTI), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0061, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ojima
- Momoshima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute (FTI), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0061, Japan
| | - Masaei Kanematsu
- Momoshima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute (FTI), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0061, Japan
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Zhang H, Yao G, He M. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression profiling from the deep sea in situ to the laboratory for the cold seep mussel Gigantidas haimaensis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:828. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis is a representative species from the Haima cold seep ecosystem in the South China Sea that establishes endosymbiosis with chemotrophic bacteria. During long-term evolution, G. haimaensis has adapted well to the local environment of cold seeps. Until now, adaptive mechanisms responding to environmental stresses have remained poorly understood.
Results
In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed for muscle tissue of G. haimaensis in the in situ environment (MH) and laboratory environment for 0 h (M0), 3 h (M3) and 9 h (M9), and 187,368 transcript sequences and 22,924 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these DEGs were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those associated with antioxidants, apoptosis, chaperones, immunity and metabolism. Among these significantly enriched pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism were the most affected metabolic pathways. These results may imply that G. haimaensis struggles to support the life response to environmental change by changing gene expression profiles.
Conclusion
The present study provides a better understanding of the biological responses and survival strategies of the mussel G. haimaensis from deep sea in situ to the laboratory environment.
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Shi Y, Yao G, Zhang H, Jia H, Xiong P, He M. Proteome and Transcriptome Analysis of Gonads Reveals Intersex in Gigantidas haimaensis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35240981 PMCID: PMC8892766 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex has proven to be one of the most intriguing areas of research across evolution, development, and ecology. Intersex or sex change occurs frequently in molluscs. The deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis often dominates within Haima cold seep ecosystems, but details of their reproduction remain unknown. Herein, we conducted a combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of G. haimaensis gonads to provide a systematic understanding of sexual development in deep-sea bivalves. A total of 2,452 out of 42,238 genes (5.81%) and 288 out of 7,089 proteins (4.06%) were significantly differentially expressed between ovaries and testes with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Candidate genes involved in sexual development were identified; among 12 differentially expressed genes between sexes, four ovary-biased genes (β-catenin, fem-1, forkhead box L2 and membrane progestin receptor α) were expressed significantly higher in males than females. Combining histological characteristics, we speculate that the males maybe intersex undergoing sex change, and implied that these genes may be involved in the process of male testis converting into female gonads in G. haimaensis. The results suggest that this adaptation may be based on local environmental factors, sedentary lifestyles, and patchy distribution, and sex change may facilitate adaptation to a changing environment and expansion of the population. The findings provide a valuable genetic resource to better understand the mechanisms of sex change and survival strategies in deep-sea bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Gaoyou Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Huixia Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Panpan Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Balanced Polymorphism at the Pgm-1 Locus of the Pompeii Worm Alvinella pompejana and Its Variant Adaptability Is Only Governed by Two QE Mutations at Linked Sites. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020206. [PMID: 35205251 PMCID: PMC8872362 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychaete Alvinella pompejana lives exclusively on the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys along the East Pacific Rise (EPR), and displays specific adaptations to withstand the high temperatures and hypoxia associated with this highly variable habitat. Previous studies have revealed the existence of a balanced polymorphism on the enzyme phosphoglucomutase associated with thermal variations, where allozymes 90 and 100 exhibit different optimal activities and thermostabilities. Exploration of the mutational landscape of phosphoglucomutase 1 revealed the maintenance of four highly divergent allelic lineages encoding the three most frequent electromorphs over the geographic range of A. pompejana. This polymorphism is only governed by two linked amino acid replacements, located in exon 3 (E155Q and E190Q). A two-niche model of selection, including ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ conditions, represents the most likely scenario for the long-term persistence of these isoforms. Using directed mutagenesis and the expression of the three recombinant variants allowed us to test the additive effect of these two mutations on the biochemical properties of this enzyme. Our results are coherent with those previously obtained from native proteins, and reveal a thermodynamic trade-off between protein thermostability and catalysis, which is likely to have maintained these functional phenotypes prior to the geographic separation of populations across the Equator about 1.2 million years ago.
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Zhang K, Sun J, Xu T, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Phylogenetic Relationships and Adaptation in Deep-Sea Mussels: Insights from Mitochondrial Genomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041900. [PMID: 33672964 PMCID: PMC7918742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are an excellent source of information for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, but their application in marine invertebrates is limited. In the present study, we utilized mitogenomes to elucidate the phylogeny and environmental adaptation in deep-sea mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae). We sequenced and assembled seven bathymodioline mitogenomes. A phylogenetic analysis integrating the seven newly assembled and six previously reported bathymodioline mitogenomes revealed that these bathymodiolines are divided into three well-supported clades represented by five Gigantidas species, six Bathymodiolus species, and two "Bathymodiolus" species, respectively. A Common interval Rearrangement Explorer (CREx) analysis revealed a gene order rearrangement in bathymodiolines that is distinct from that in other shallow-water mytilids. The CREx analysis also suggested that reversal, transposition, and tandem duplications with subsequent random gene loss (TDRL) may have been responsible for the evolution of mitochondrial gene orders in bathymodiolines. Moreover, a comparison of the mitogenomes of shallow-water and deep-sea mussels revealed that the latter lineage has experienced relaxed purifying selection, but 16 residues of the atp6, nad4, nad2, cob, nad5, and cox2 genes have underwent positive selection. Overall, this study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic adaptations of deep-sea mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 93117, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 93117, China
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Q.); (P.-Y.Q.)
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China; (K.Z.); (J.S.); (T.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510225, China
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Q.); (P.-Y.Q.)
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Hou XL, Han H, Meng FR, Cai LP, Liu AQ. Intermittent lead-induced stress on antioxidant enzyme activity and subcellular distribution of Pb in Pogonatherum crinitum seedlings. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:634-642. [PMID: 30664832 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pogonatherum crinitum is a promising lead (Pb) hyperaccumulator due to its high Pb tolerance and accumulation ability. However, the mechanisms that support Pb accumulation and tolerance in P. crinitum are not yet clearly understood. An indoor hydroponic experiment was conducted by cultivating P. crinitum seedlings exposed to intermittent Pb stress for 60 days, divided into four stages (T1, T2, T3 and T4), with a 15-day duration per stage. The following concentrations of Pb were used: 0, 500, 0, 500 mg·l-1 and 0, 1000, 0, 1000 mg·l-1 ). Antioxidant enzyme activity, Pb concentration and subcellular distribution of Pb were measured at each of the above stages. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in shoots, and SOD, peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in shoots and roots significantly increased from T1 (no Pb stress) to T2 (Pb stress) in both 500 mg·l-1 and 1000 mg·l-1 treatments; however, no significant difference was noted between stages T3 (no Pb stress) and T4 (Pb stress). There was no obvious effect of Pb stress on catalase (CAT) activity in shoots and roots among different stages. The Pb concentration in shoots was up to 5090.90 mg·kg-1 and 7573.57 mg·kg-1 , and the bioconcentration factor (BFC) was 10.18 and 7.57 for the 500 mg·l-1 and 1000 mg·l-1 treatments, respectively, which confirmed the Pb hyperaccumulator characteristics of P. crinitum. For plants under Pb stress, most of the Pb was fixed in the cell walls, with a smaller amount in leaves and root vacuoles. Both SOD and POD scavenging of reactive oxygen radicals and fixing and compartmentalisation of Pb in the cell wall might play important roles in detoxification of P. crinitum seedlings in response to Pb stress. There was no phased response of P. crinitum to intermittent Pb stress and the physiological response to Pb stress may be contiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Hou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Han
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - F-R Meng
- Faculty of Forestry & Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - L-P Cai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - A-Q Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Company R, Antúnez O, Cosson RP, Serafim A, Shillito B, Cajaraville M, Bebianno MJ, Torreblanca A. Protein expression profiles in Bathymodiolus azoricus exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:621-630. [PMID: 30658297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic changes in the "gill-bacteria complex" of the hydrothermal vent mussel B. azoricus exposed to cadmium in pressurized chambers ((Incubateurs Pressurises pour l'Observation en Culture d'Animaux Marins Profonds - IPOCAMP) were analyzed and compared with the non-exposed control group. 2-D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) showed that less than 1.5% of the proteome of mussels and symbiotic bacteria were affected by a short-term (24 h) Cd exposure. Twelve proteins of the more abundant differentially expressed proteins of which six were up-regulated and six were down-regulated were excised, digested and identified by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins included structural proteins (actin/actin like proteins), metabolic proteins (calreticulin/calnexin, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, aminotransferase class-III, electron transfer flavoprotein, proteasome, alpha-subunit and carbonic anhydrase) and stress response proteins (chaperone protein htpG, selenium-binding protein and glutathione transferases). All differently expressed proteins are tightly connected to Cd exposure and are affected by oxidative stress. It was also demonstrated that B. azoricus was well adapted to Cd contamination therefore B. azoricus from hydrothermal vent areas may be considered a good bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Company
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Oreto Antúnez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard P Cosson
- EA 2160 - MMS (Mer, Molécules, Santé) Biologie Marine - ISOMer, University of Nantes BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Angela Serafim
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bruce Shillito
- UMR 7138, Systématique Adaptation et Evolution, CNRS/MNHN/IRD/UPMC,University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Miren Cajaraville
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Amparo Torreblanca
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Martins I, Goulart J, Martins E, Morales-Román R, Marín S, Riou V, Colaço A, Bettencourt R. Physiological impacts of acute Cu exposure on deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus under a deep-sea mining activity scenario. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:40-49. [PMID: 29032352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, several studies have been dedicated to understanding the physiological ability of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus to overcome the high metal concentrations present in their surrounding hydrothermal environment. Potential deep-sea mining activities at Azores Triple junction hydrothermal vent deposits would inevitably lead to the emergence of new fluid sources close to mussel beds, with consequent emission of high metal concentrations and potential resolubilization of Cu from minerals formed during the active phase of the vent field. Copper is an essential metal playing a key role in the activation of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins responsible for important cellular metabolic processes and tissue homeostasis. However, excessive intracellular amounts of reactive Cu ions may cause irreversible damages triggering possible cell apoptosis. In the present study, B. azoricus was exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu for 96h in conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure similar to those experienced at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. Specimens were kept in 1L flasks, exposed to four Cu concentrations: 0μg/L (control), 300, 800 and 1600μg/L and pressurized to 1750bar. We addressed the question of how increased Cu concentration would affect the function of antioxidant defense proteins and expression of antioxidant and immune-related genes in B. azoricus. Both antioxidant enzymatic activities and gene expression were examined in gills, mantle and digestive gland tissues of exposed vent mussels. Our study reveals that stressful short-term Cu exposure has a strong effect on molecular metabolism of the hydrothermal vent mussel, especially in gill tissue. Initially, both the stress caused by unpressurization or by Cu exposure was associated with high antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue-specific transcriptional up-regulation. However, mussels exposed to increased Cu concentrations showed both antioxidant and immune-related gene suppression. Under a mining activity scenario, the release of an excess of dissolved Cu to the vent environment may cause serious changes in cellular defense mechanisms of B. azoricus. This outcome, while adding to our knowledge of Cu toxicity, highlights the potentially deleterious impacts of mining activities on the physiology of deep-sea organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Joana Goulart
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Eva Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Rosa Morales-Román
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sergio Marín
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Virginie Riou
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ana Colaço
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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12
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Diversity and characterization of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. comparing with those of two shallow-water crabs by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187842. [PMID: 29121118 PMCID: PMC5679544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For deep-sea hydrothermal vent crabs, recent investigations have revealed some epibiotic bacteria, but no study has described the bacterial community associated with the gill and intestine. In this study, the microbiota attached to the gill and intestine of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. and two shallow-water crab species (Eriocheir sinensis and Portunus trituberculatus) were compared by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. The highest and lowest diversity in bacterial communities were observed in the gill and intestine of Austinograea sp., respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that Austinograea sp. harbored a distinct microbial community. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for phylum Fusobacteria, class Epsilonproteobacteria, and genera Leucothrix, Polaribacter, Fusibacter, etc. were dominant in Austinograea sp. Of these, Leucothrix, Sulfurospirillum, and Arcobacter may be involved in oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and sulfur metabolism; Marinomonas, Polaribacter adapted to the low temperature, and Fusibacter and Psychrilyobacter may survive well under hypoxic conditions. Bacteria commonly present in seawater were dominant in the gill, whereas anaerobic bacteria showed strikingly high abundance in the intestine. Interestingly, Firmicutes and Epsilonproteobacteria may complement each other in Austinograea sp., forming an internal environment. The diversified microbial community of Austinograea sp. reveals adaptation to the hydrothermal vent environment.
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13
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Xu T, Zhang Y, Mu H, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Fields CJ, Hui JHL, Zhang W, Li R, Nong W, Cheung FKM, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Adaptation to deep-sea chemosynthetic environments as revealed by mussel genomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:121. [PMID: 28812709 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are extreme deep-sea ecosystems that support dense populations of specialized macro-benthos such as mussels. But the lack of genome information hinders the understanding of the adaptation of these animals to such inhospitable environments. Here we report the genomes of a deep-sea vent/seep mussel (Bathymodiolus platifrons) and a shallow-water mussel (Modiolus philippinarum). Phylogenetic analysis shows that these mussel species diverged approximately 110.4 million years ago. Many gene families, especially those for stabilizing protein structures and removing toxic substances from cells, are highly expanded in B. platifrons, indicating adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. The innate immune system of B. platifrons is considerably more complex than that of other lophotrochozoan species, including M. philippinarum, with substantial expansion and high expression levels of gene families that are related to immune recognition, endocytosis and caspase-mediated apoptosis in the gill, revealing presumed genetic adaptation of the deep-sea mussel to the presence of its chemoautotrophic endosymbionts. A follow-up metaproteomic analysis of the gill of B. platifrons shows methanotrophy, assimilatory sulfate reduction and ammonia metabolic pathways in the symbionts, providing energy and nutrients, which allow the host to thrive. Our study of the genomic composition allowing symbiosis in extremophile molluscs gives wider insights into the mechanisms of symbiosis in other organisms such as deep-sea tubeworms and giant clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher J Fields
- High Performance Computing in Biology, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Centre, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fiona Ka Man Cheung
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-CAS Joint Laboratory, Sanya Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
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14
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Sf G, Sk D, Bennett M, Raab A, Feldmann J, Kille P, Loureiro S, Dj S, Jg B. Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:1054-1058. [PMID: 27358197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins are metal-binding metabolites found in almost all plant species and some animal groups, including nematodes and annelids, where they can play an important role in detoxifying metals such as cadmium. Species from several other taxa contain a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene orthologue, including molluscs, indicating they may have the potential to synthesize phytochelatins. However, the presence of a gene alone does not demonstrate that it plays a functional role in metal detoxification. In the present study, we show that the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis produced both penta- and heptapeptide phytochelatins (i.e. phytochelatin-2 and phytochelatin-3), and their levels increased in response to sub-lethal levels of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalves Sf
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Davies Sk
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A Raab
- TESLA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - J Feldmann
- TESLA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - P Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Spurgeon Dj
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Bundy Jg
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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