1
|
Marticorena J, Matabos M, Ramirez-Llodra E, Cathalot C, Laes-Huon A, Leroux R, Hourdez S, Donval JP, Sarrazin J. Recovery of hydrothermal vent communities in response to an induced disturbance at the Lucky Strike vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Mar Environ Res 2021; 168:105316. [PMID: 33992969 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
So far, the natural recovery of vent communities at large scales has only been evaluated at fast spreading centers, by monitoring faunal recolonisation after volcanic eruptions. However, at slow spreading ridges, opportunities to observe natural disturbances are rare, the overall hydrothermal system being more stable. In this study, we implemented a novel experimental approach by inducing a small-scale disturbance to assess the recovery potential of vent communities along the slow-spreading northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (nMAR). We followed the recovery patterns of thirteen Bathymodiolus azoricus mussel assemblages colonising an active vent edifice at the Lucky Strike vent field, in relation to environmental conditions and assessed the role of biotic interactions in recolonisation dynamics. Within 2 years after the disturbance, almost all taxonomic richness had recovered, with the exception of a few low occurrence species. However, we observed only a partial recovery of faunal densities and a major change in faunal composition characterised by an increase in abundance of gastropod species, which are hypothesised to be the pioneer colonists of these habitats. Although not significant, our results suggest a potential role of mobile predators in early-colonisation stages. A model of post-disturbance succession for nMAR vent communities from habitat opening to climax assemblages is proposed, also highlighting numerous knowledge gaps. This type of experimental approach, combined with dispersal and connectivity analyses, will contribute to fully assess the resilience of active vent communities after a major disturbance, especially along slow spreading centers targeted for seafloor massive sulphide extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Matabos
- Ifremer, REM/EEP/LEP, F 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - E Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; REV Ocean, Oksenøyveien 10, 1366 Lysaker, Norway
| | - C Cathalot
- Ifremer, REM/GM/LCG, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Laes-Huon
- Ifremer, REM/RDT/LDCM, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - R Leroux
- Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - S Hourdez
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR 8222 CNRS-SU, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - J-P Donval
- Ifremer, REM/GM/LCG, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Sarrazin
- Ifremer, REM/EEP/LEP, F 29280 Plouzané, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Company R, Antúnez O, Cosson RP, Serafim A, Shillito B, Cajaraville M, Bebianno MJ, Torreblanca A. Protein expression profiles in Bathymodiolus azoricus exposed to cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:621-630. [PMID: 30658297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic changes in the "gill-bacteria complex" of the hydrothermal vent mussel B. azoricus exposed to cadmium in pressurized chambers ((Incubateurs Pressurises pour l'Observation en Culture d'Animaux Marins Profonds - IPOCAMP) were analyzed and compared with the non-exposed control group. 2-D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) showed that less than 1.5% of the proteome of mussels and symbiotic bacteria were affected by a short-term (24 h) Cd exposure. Twelve proteins of the more abundant differentially expressed proteins of which six were up-regulated and six were down-regulated were excised, digested and identified by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins included structural proteins (actin/actin like proteins), metabolic proteins (calreticulin/calnexin, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, aminotransferase class-III, electron transfer flavoprotein, proteasome, alpha-subunit and carbonic anhydrase) and stress response proteins (chaperone protein htpG, selenium-binding protein and glutathione transferases). All differently expressed proteins are tightly connected to Cd exposure and are affected by oxidative stress. It was also demonstrated that B. azoricus was well adapted to Cd contamination therefore B. azoricus from hydrothermal vent areas may be considered a good bioindicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Company
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Oreto Antúnez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard P Cosson
- EA 2160 - MMS (Mer, Molécules, Santé) Biologie Marine - ISOMer, University of Nantes BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Angela Serafim
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bruce Shillito
- UMR 7138, Systématique Adaptation et Evolution, CNRS/MNHN/IRD/UPMC,University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Miren Cajaraville
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Amparo Torreblanca
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bebianno MJ, Cardoso C, Gomes T, Blasco J, Santos RS, Colaço A. Metal interactions between the polychaete Branchipolynoe seepensis and the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from Mid-Atlantic-Ridge hydrothermal vent fields. Mar Environ Res 2018; 135:70-81. [PMID: 29402519 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The vent blood-red commensal polynoid polychaete Branchipolynoe seepensis is commonly found in the pallial cavity of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus, the dominant bivalve species along the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge (MAR) and is known to be kleptoparasitic. Mussels were collected from three hydrothermal vent fields in the MAR: Menez Gwen (850 m depth, MG2, MG3 and MG4), Lucky Strike (1700 m depth, Montségur-MS and Eiffel Tower-ET) and Rainbow (2300 m depth). Polychaetes were absent in all Menez Gwen vent mussels, while the highest percentage was detected in mussels from Lucky Strike, where more than 70% of the mussels had at least one polychaete in their mantle cavity, followed by Rainbow with 33% of mussels with polychaetes. Total metal concentrations (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were determined in polychaetes whole body and in the mussel tissues (gills, digestive gland and mantle). To understand the possible metal interactions between symbiont and host, the activity of antioxidant defence (catalase (CAT), metallothioneins (MTs)), biotransformation enzymes (glutathione-s-transferases (GST)) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined in polychaete whole soft tissues and in mussel tissues (gills, digestive gland and mantle). Metal concentrations in polychaetes and mussels tissues indicated that the accumulation patterns were species specific and also influenced by, and possibly dependent upon, the inter- and intra-variation of vent physico-chemistry between hydrothermal fields. Despite not detecting any strong correlations between metal and enzymes activities in polychaetes and mussels, when in presence of polychaetes, mussels presented less metal concentrations in the gills and digestive gland and lower activity of enzymatic biomarkers. This leads to infer that the polychaete plays a role on the detoxification process, and the interaction between the polychaete mussel association is probably an adaptation to metals concentrations at the vent sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, FCT, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Cardoso
- CIMA, FCT, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; MARE-Marine and Environmental Science Center, Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gomes
- CIMA, FCT, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - Julian Blasco
- CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Science Center, Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - Ana Colaço
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Science Center, Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barros I, Froufe H, Marnellos G, Egas C, Delaney J, Clamp M, Santos RS, Bettencourt R. Metatranscriptomics profile of the gill microbial community during Bathymodiolus azoricus aquarium acclimatization at atmospheric pressure. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:240-260. [PMID: 31294213 PMCID: PMC6604929 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deep-sea mussels Bathymodiolus azoricus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) are the dominant macrofauna subsisting at the hydrothermal vents site Menez Gwen in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Their adaptive success in such challenging environments is largely due to their gill symbiotic association with chemosynthetic bacteria. We examined the response of vent mussels as they adapt to sea-level environmental conditions, through an assessment of the relative abundance of host-symbiont related RNA transcripts to better understand how the gill microbiome may drive host-symbiont interactions in vent mussels during hypothetical venting inactivity. Results The metatranscriptome of B. azoricus was sequenced from gill tissues sampled at different time-points during a five-week acclimatization experiment, using Next-Generation-Sequencing. After Illumina sequencing, a total of 181,985,262 paired-end reads of 150 bp were generated with an average of 16,544,115 read per sample. Metatranscriptome analysis confirmed that experimental acclimatization in aquaria accounted for global gill transcript variation. Additionally, the analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA sequences data allowed for a comprehensive characterization of host-symbiont interactions, which included the gradual loss of gill endosymbionts and signaling pathways, associated with stress responses and energy metabolism, under experimental acclimatization. Dominant active transcripts were assigned to the following KEGG categories: “Ribosome”, “Oxidative phosphorylation” and “Chaperones and folding catalysts” suggesting specific metabolic responses to physiological adaptations in aquarium environment. Conclusions Gill metagenomics analyses highlighted microbial diversity shifts and a clear pattern of varying mRNA transcript abundancies and expression during acclimatization to aquarium conditions which indicate change in bacterial community activity. This approach holds potential for the discovery of new host-symbiont associations, evidencing new functional transcripts and a clearer picture of methane metabolism during loss of endosymbionts. Towards the end of acclimatization, we observed trends in three major functional subsystems, as evidenced by an increment of transcripts related to genetic information processes; the decrease of chaperone and folding catalysts and oxidative phosphorylation transcripts; but no change in transcripts of gluconeogenesis and co-factors-vitamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Hugo Froufe
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit-BIOCANT; Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - George Marnellos
- Harvard University, Informatics and Scientific Applications, 38 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Conceição Egas
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit-BIOCANT; Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Delaney
- Harvard University, Informatics and Scientific Applications, 38 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Michele Clamp
- Harvard University, Biological Laboratories, Room 3085, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,OKEANOS Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,OKEANOS Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martins I, Goulart J, Martins E, Morales-Román R, Marín S, Riou V, Colaço A, Bettencourt R. Physiological impacts of acute Cu exposure on deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus under a deep-sea mining activity scenario. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 193:40-49. [PMID: 29032352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, several studies have been dedicated to understanding the physiological ability of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus to overcome the high metal concentrations present in their surrounding hydrothermal environment. Potential deep-sea mining activities at Azores Triple junction hydrothermal vent deposits would inevitably lead to the emergence of new fluid sources close to mussel beds, with consequent emission of high metal concentrations and potential resolubilization of Cu from minerals formed during the active phase of the vent field. Copper is an essential metal playing a key role in the activation of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins responsible for important cellular metabolic processes and tissue homeostasis. However, excessive intracellular amounts of reactive Cu ions may cause irreversible damages triggering possible cell apoptosis. In the present study, B. azoricus was exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu for 96h in conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure similar to those experienced at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. Specimens were kept in 1L flasks, exposed to four Cu concentrations: 0μg/L (control), 300, 800 and 1600μg/L and pressurized to 1750bar. We addressed the question of how increased Cu concentration would affect the function of antioxidant defense proteins and expression of antioxidant and immune-related genes in B. azoricus. Both antioxidant enzymatic activities and gene expression were examined in gills, mantle and digestive gland tissues of exposed vent mussels. Our study reveals that stressful short-term Cu exposure has a strong effect on molecular metabolism of the hydrothermal vent mussel, especially in gill tissue. Initially, both the stress caused by unpressurization or by Cu exposure was associated with high antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue-specific transcriptional up-regulation. However, mussels exposed to increased Cu concentrations showed both antioxidant and immune-related gene suppression. Under a mining activity scenario, the release of an excess of dissolved Cu to the vent environment may cause serious changes in cellular defense mechanisms of B. azoricus. This outcome, while adding to our knowledge of Cu toxicity, highlights the potentially deleterious impacts of mining activities on the physiology of deep-sea organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Joana Goulart
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Eva Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Rosa Morales-Román
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sergio Marín
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Virginie Riou
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ana Colaço
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins I, Romão CV, Goulart J, Cerqueira T, Santos RS, Bettencourt R. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to atmospheric pressure induced physiological stress in deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Mar Environ Res 2016; 114:65-73. [PMID: 26790096 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep sea hydrothermal Bathymodiolus azoricus mussels from Portuguese EEZ Menez Gwen hydrothermal field possess the remarkable ability to overcome decompression and survive successfully at atmospheric pressure conditions. We investigated the potential use of antioxidant defense enzymes in mussel B. azoricus as biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by long term acclimatization to atmospheric pressure conditions. Mussels collected at Menez Gwen hydrothermal field were acclimatized for two weeks in three distinct conditions suitable of promoting physiological stress, (i) in plain seawater for concomitant endosymbiont bacteria loss, (ii) in plain seawater under metal iron exposure, (iii) constant bubbling methane and pumped sulfide for endosymbiont bacteria survival. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and iron storage proteins in addition to electrophoretic profiles were examined in vent mussel gills and digestive gland. Gills showed approximately 3 times more SOD specific activity than digestive glands. On the other hand, digestive glands showed approximately 6 times more CAT specific activity than gills. Iron storage proteins were identified in gill extracts from all experimental conditions mussels. However, in digestive gland extracts only fresh collected mussels and after 2 weeks in FeSO4 showed the presence of iron storage proteins. The differences between SOD, CAT specific activities and the presence of iron storage proteins in the examined tissues reflect dissimilar metabolic and antioxidant activities, as a result of tissue specificities and acclimatization conditions influences on the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Célia V Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Goulart
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cerqueira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ricardo S Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bougerol M, Boutet I, LeGuen D, Jollivet D, Tanguy A. Transcriptomic response of the hydrothermal mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus in experimental exposure to heavy metals is modulated by the Pgm genotype and symbiont content. Mar Genomics 2014; 21:63-73. [PMID: 25542630 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent mussels belonging to the genus Bathymodiolus dominate communities at hydrothermal sites of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus harbors thiotrophic and methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria in its gills and evolves in naturally highly metal contaminated environments. In the context of investigations on metal tolerance/effect in B. azoricus, we focused our work on the short-term adaptive response (15days) of mussels to different metals exposure at a molecular level using metal concentrations chosen to mimic natural situations at three vents sites. The expression of a set of 38 genes involved in different steps of the metal uptake, detoxication and various metabolisms was analysed by qPCR. Mussels were also genotyped at 10 enzyme loci to explore the relationships among natural genetic variation and gene expression. Relation between symbiont content (both sulfur-oxidizing and methanogen bacteria) and gene expression was also analysed. Our study demonstrated the influence of metal cocktail composition and time exposure on the transcriptome regulation with a specific pattern of regulation observed for the three metal cocktail tested. We also evidenced the significant influence of some specific Pgm genotype on the global gene expression in our experimental populations and a general trend of a higher gene expression in individuals carrying a high symbiont content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bougerol
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; CNRS/MNHN, UMR 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, MNHN, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Dominique LeGuen
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martins E, Figueras A, Novoa B, Santos RS, Moreira R, Bettencourt R. Comparative study of immune responses in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and the shallow-water mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis challenged with Vibrio bacteria. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:485-499. [PMID: 25089010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and the continental European coast Mytilus galloprovincialis are two bivalves species living in highly distinct marine habitats. Mussels are filter-feeding animals that may accumulate rapidly bacteria from the environment. Contact with microorganism is thus inevitable during feeding processes where gill tissues assume a strategic importance at the interface between the external milieu and the internal body cavities promoting interactions with potential pathogens during normal filtration and a constant challenge to their immune system. In the present study B. azoricus and M. galloprovincialis were exposed to Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio splendidus suspensions and to a mixture of these Vibrio suspensions, in order to ascertain the expression level of immune genes in gill samples, from both mussel species. The immune gene expressions were analyzed by means of quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The gene expression results revealed that these bivalve species exhibit significant expression differences between 12 h and 24 h post-challenge times, and between the Vibrio strains used. V. splendidus induced the strongest gene expression level in the two bivalve species whereas the NF-κB and Aggrecan were the most significantly differentially expressed between the two mussel species. When comparing exposure times, both B. azoricus and M. galloprovincialis showed similar percentage of up-regulated genes at 12 h while a marked increased of gene expression was observed at 24 h for the majority of the immune genes in M. galloprovincialis. This contrasts with B. azoricus where the majority of the immune genes were down-regulated at 24 h. The 24 h post-challenge gene expression results clearly bring new evidence supporting time-dependent transcriptional activities resembling acute phase-like responses and different immune responses build-up in these two mussel species when challenged with Vibrio bacteria. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analyses resulted in different peptide sequences from B. azoricus and M. galloprovincialis gill tissues suggesting that naïve animals present differences, at the protein synthesis level, in their natural environment. B. azoricus proteins sequences, mostly of endosymbiont origin, were related to metabolic, energy production, protein synthesis processes and nutritional demands whereas in M. galloprovincialis putative protein functions were assumed to be related to structural and cellular integrity and signaling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martins
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores (DOP/UAç), Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR Institute of Marine Research and LARSyS Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - António Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM - CSIC. Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM - CSIC. Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores (DOP/UAç), Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR Institute of Marine Research and LARSyS Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Moreira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM - CSIC. Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- IMAR Institute of Marine Research and LARSyS Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal; MARE-Marine and Environmental Science Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bettencourt R, Rodrigues M, Barros I, Cerqueira T, Freitas C, Costa V, Pinheiro M, Egas C, Santos RS. Site-related differences in gene expression and bacterial densities in the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from the Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 39:343-353. [PMID: 24882018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is a symbiont bearing bivalve that is found in great abundance at the Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent sites and in close vicinity of the Azores region near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The physiological relationships that vent mussels have developed with their physical and chemical environments are likely to influence global gene expression profiles providing thus the means to investigate distinct biological markers predicting the origin of Bathymodiolus sp. irrespectively of their geographical localization. Differences found at gene expression levels, and between fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing results provided experimental evidence for the distinction of both Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike vent mussel individuals based on bacterial and vent mussel gene expression signatures and on the constitutive distribution and relative abundance of endosymbiotic bacteria within gill tissues. Our results confirmed the presence of methanotroph endosymbionts in Menez Gwen vent mussels whereas Lucky Strike specimens seem to harbor a different bacterial morphotype when a methane monooxygenase gene specific probe was used. No qualitative differences could be visualized between Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike individuals when tested with a sulfur-oxidizing-related probe. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies revealed different gene expression profiles in both Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike mussel gill tissues for the immune genes selected. Genes encoding transcription factors presented noticeably low levels of fold expression whether in Menez Gwen or Lucky Strike animals whereas the genes encoding effector molecules appeared to have higher levels expression in gill tissues from Menez Gwen animals. The peptidoglycan recognition molecule encoding gene, PGRP, presented the highest level of transcriptional activity among the genes analyzed in Menez Gwen mussel gill tissues, seconded by carcinolectin and thus denoting the relevance of immune recognition molecules in early stage of the immune responses onset. Genes regarded as encoding molecules involved in signaling pathways were consistently expressed in both Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike mussel gill tissues. Remarkably, the immunity-related GTPase encoding gene demonstrated, in Lucky Strike samples, the highest level of expression among the signaling molecule encoding genes tested when expressions levels were compared between Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike animals. A differential expression analysis of bacterial genes between Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike mussels indicated a clear expression signature in the latter animal gill tissues. The bacterial community structure ensued from the 16S rRNA sequencing analyses pointed at an unpredicted conservation of endosymbiont bacterial loads between Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike samples. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that B. azoricus exhibits different transcriptional statuses while living in distinct hydrothermal vent sites may result in distinct gene expressions because of physico-chemical and/or symbiont densities differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Bettencourt
- IMAR-Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | | | - Inês Barros
- IMAR-Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cerqueira
- IMAR-Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Cátia Freitas
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Valentina Costa
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinheiro
- Biocant, Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Biocant, Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- IMAR-Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Egas C, Pinheiro M, Gomes P, Barroso C, Bettencourt R. The transcriptome of Bathymodiolus azoricus gill reveals expression of genes from endosymbionts and free-living deep-sea bacteria. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1765-83. [PMID: 23015773 DOI: 10.3390/md10081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea environments are largely unexplored habitats where a surprising number of species may be found in large communities, thriving regardless of the darkness, extreme cold, and high pressure. Their unique geochemical features result in reducing environments rich in methane and sulfides, sustaining complex chemosynthetic ecosystems that represent one of the most surprising findings in oceans in the last 40 years. The deep-sea Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, located in the Mid Atlantic Ridge, is home to large vent mussel communities where Bathymodiolus azoricus represents the dominant faunal biomass, owing its survival to symbiotic associations with methylotrophic or methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacteria. The recent transcriptome sequencing and analysis of gill tissues from B. azoricus revealed a number of genes of bacterial origin, hereby analyzed to provide a functional insight into the gill microbial community. The transcripts supported a metabolically active microbiome and a variety of mechanisms and pathways, evidencing also the sulfur and methane metabolisms. Taxonomic affiliation of transcripts and 16S rRNA community profiling revealed a microbial community dominated by thiotrophic and methanotrophic endosymbionts of B. azoricus and the presence of a Sulfurovum-like epsilonbacterium.
Collapse
|