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Man YB, Zhang F, Mo WY, Chow KL, Wong MH. Using food waste to cultivate safe, good-quality Sabah (giant hybrid) grouper: Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120122. [PMID: 36089147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in fish fillet counteract the health benefits of fish products. In this study, food waste was used as a protein alternative to replacing fishmeal commonly used in the commercial fish feed, aiming to cultivate Sabah grouper with acceptable levels of dioxins and dl-PCBs. The concentrations of dioxins and dl-PCBs, as well as the fish growth performance, were compared between the fish groups fed with food waste-based feed (FWBF) and commercial feed (Nanyu®, control). The results showed that the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) (1.22 pg/g dry weight (d.w.)) and non-ortho-dl-PCBs (13.0 pg/g d.w.) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the FWBF than in the control feed (commercial feed) (PCDDs: 2.35 pg/g d.w.; non-ortho-dl-PCBs: 27.2 pg/g d.w.). The growth performance of the fish group fed with the FWBF was comparable to that fed with the control feed. There were no significant differences between the WHO2005-TEQ values of different fish fillets (1.00, 1.11, and 1.10 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g d.w. for FWBF group, control feed group, and local market fish, respectively). Based on the guidelines provided by European Food Safety Authority (ESFA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the fish fed with the FWBF were safe for human consumption (hazard index values: 0.284-0.522; cancer risk range: 2.59-2.97 × 10-5). The findings of this study suggest that food waste could serve as an alternative protein source for cultivating Sabah grouper with acceptable levels of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wing Yin Mo
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ka Lai Chow
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Tesi GO, Iniaghe PO. Polychlorinated biphenyls in canned sardines in Nigeria and health risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:200-206. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1762758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godswill O. Tesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Nigeria
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3
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Matovu H, Mubiru E. Human and environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in Africa: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:483-493. [PMID: 30784755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews literature for the last two decades with emphasis on levels, toxic equivalencies and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in Africa. Further, we comprehensively analysed data, interpret differences and identify existing gaps with those from other continents. We observed that high levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were reported in environmental and biological samples near densely populated urban and industrialised areas compared to those in rural settings. In general, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the blood samples from Africa were in the same range as those from Asia but lower than those from Europe. The concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the atmosphere in Africa were comparable to and/or higher than those in developed countries. The reported sources of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in Africa were industrial emissions, obsolete pesticide stockpiles, household heating, recycling of electronic waste, and incineration and combustion of domestic waste. Regional and intercontinental transport of dioxins could not be confirmed because of the lack of sufficient literature on them. Further data about the levels and sources of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in Africa need to be generated to complete the chemical inventories for the continent and to facilitate the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The reviewed literature shows that most analyses have been carried out in laboratories outside Africa because of the limited institutional capacity in Africa. More support needs to be given to laboratories in Africa to develop the capacity to accurately quantify dioxins on routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Edward Mubiru
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Ke X, Qi Y, Bao Q, Zhang H. Concentrations, Sources, and TEQ of PCDD/Fs in Sediments from the Liaohe River Protected Areas. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:171-177. [PMID: 30259144 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study was conducted to examine the contamination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in surface sediments collected from the Liaohe River. The contamination levels of PCDD/Fs ranged from 317.3 to 509.3 pg/g dw. According to the calculated WHO-TEQ (Toxic Equivalent Quantity of World Health Organization), the range of PCDD/Fs is 13.87-40.88 pg/g dw. A principal component analysis and a cluster analysis suggested that PCDD/Fs in the sediments were mainly from gasoline/diesel vehicle emissions and solid waste incineration. The study revealed that the establishment of protected areas did not markedly reduced the ecological risk caused by PCDD/Fs in the Liaohe River protected areas sediments. It is necessary to study further the environmental impact of PCDD/Fs on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ke
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China.
| | - Yifang Qi
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Qinghua Bao
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
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Cao Y, Jiang D, Li F, Chen J, Li W, Jiao Y, Li L. Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in marine fish from Shandong, China, and human dietary exposure. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2018; 11:229-236. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1477841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Milon A, Opydo-Chanek M, Tworzydlo W, Galas J, Pardyak L, Kaminska A, Ptak A, Kotula-Balak M. Chlorinated biphenyls effect on estrogen-related receptor expression, steroid secretion, mitochondria ultrastructure but not on mitochondrial membrane potential in Leydig cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:429-444. [PMID: 28315012 PMCID: PMC5552843 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To characterize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) action on Leydig cells, PCBs congeners, low-chlorinated (delor 103; d103) and high-chlorinated ones (delor 106; d106) were selected. The cells were treated according to PCBs dose (d103 or d106 0.2 ng/ml in low doses:, or 2 ng/ml in high doses) and type (d103 + d106 in low doses or 103 + 106 in high doses). After 24 h treatment with PCBs, a distinct increase in estrogen-related receptors (ERRs type α, β and γ) expression was revealed. However, the dose- and type-dependent PCBs effect was mostly exerted on ERRα expression. A similar increase in ERRs expression was demonstrated by estradiol but not testosterone, which was without an effect on ERRs. PCBs caused no decrease in the membrane potential status of Leydig cells (either in dose or type schedule) but had severe effects on the mitochondria number and structure. Moreover, PCBs markedly increased calcium (Ca2+) concentration and sex steroid secretion (both androgens and estrogens were elevated). These findings suggest a similar estrogenic action of PCBs congeners (d103 and d106) on Leydig cell function. We report dose- and type-specific effects of PCBs only on Leydig cell ERRs expression. Both delors showed common effects on the mitochondria ultrastructural and functional status. Based on our results, ERRα seems to be the most sensitive to hormonal modulation. The increases in Ca2+ and sex steroid secretion may be due to the activation of ERRs by PCBs binding and/or direct effect of PCBs on ERRs mRNA/protein expression. Nevertheless, to confirm the existence of possible relationships between ERRs signaling (including PCBs as ligands) and mitochondria function in Leydig cells, further intensive studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Opydo-Chanek
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Galas
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Kaminska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ptak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Zhang H, Lu X, Zhang Y, Ma X, Wang S, Ni Y, Chen J. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls by loaches living in rice paddy fields of Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:893-901. [PMID: 27396615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 21 organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues and 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured in two loach species (Misgurnus mohoity and Paramisgurnus dabryanus) and the soils of their inhabiting rice paddies from three typical rice production bases of Northeast China to explore the main factors influencing the bioaccumulation. The concentrations of ∑18PCBs and ∑21OCPs in loaches were determined to be in the ranges of 0.14-0.76 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) and 1.19-78.53 ng g(-1) ww, respectively. Most of loaches showed the considerably high contamination levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which accounted for over 97% of the total OCPs. The much lower maximum allowable loach consumption rates (<15 g d(-1)) indicated a high carcinogenic risk that results from the consumption of rice-field loaches. The field biota-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) was calculated as a main measure of bioaccumulation potential. The comparisons of BSAF values and the results of multivariate analysis indicated that habitat-specific environmental conditions, mainly the paddy soil contamination levels and average temperature, decisively affected the bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants. When the influence of lipid contents was offset, M. mohoity loaches were found to have a higher potential to accumulation PCBs and OCPs than P. dabryanus loaches, while the bioaccumulation potentials did not exhibit significant differences between juvenile and adult loaches and between male and female loaches. The octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) was the main chemical factor influencing bioaccumulation potentials. The BSAF values presented an increasing tendency with increasing log KOW values from 6.0 to approximately 7.0, followed by a decreasing tendency with a continuous increase in log KOW values. Moreover, loaches exhibited an isomeric-selective bioaccumulation for p,p'-chlorinated DDTs, α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH and cis-chlordane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xianbo Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuwen Ni
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Yang L, Wang X, Nie H, Shao L, Wang G, Liu Y. Residual levels of rare earth elements in freshwater and marine fish and their health risk assessment from Shandong, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:393-397. [PMID: 27016961 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The total concentrations of rare earth elements (ΣREE) were quantified in 251 samples from 10 common species of freshwater and marine fish in seventeen cities of Shandong, China. ΣREE obtained from the freshwater fish ranged from 34.0 to 37.9ngg(-1) (wet weight) and marine fish from 12.7 to 37.6ngg(-1). The ratio of LREE to HREE was 13.7:1 and 10:1 for freshwater and marine fish, respectively. This suggests that freshwater fish exhibit greater REE concentrations than marine fish and the biological effects of LREE are higher than HREE. Results revealed a similar REE distribution pattern between those fish and coastal sediments, abiding the "abundance law". The health risk assessment demonstrated the EDIs of REEs in fish were significantly lower than the ADI, indicating that the consumption of these fish presents little risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xining Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqian Nie
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoling Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wu D, Zhang J, Zhou J, Li S, Lu L, Lin X, Lu S, Peng J. Toxaphene levels in retail food from the Pearl River Delta area of South China and an assessment of dietary intake. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:318-327. [PMID: 26991380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited literature exists on toxaphene contamination in food worldwide, particularly in mainland China. In this study, three toxaphene congeners, Parlar 26 (B8-1413), Parlar 50 (B9-1679) and Parlar 62 (B9-1025), were analyzed in five different food categories from the Pearl River Delta Area in China using isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), and toxaphene levels in food were reported and toxaphene dietary intake by local residents estimated. The results showed that fish contained the highest toxaphene level with a median of 12.87 pg/g wet weight (ww), followed by poultry meat, egg products, livestock meat and vegetable, which had median levels of 5.8, 2.2, 1.89 and 0.67 pg/g ww, respectively. Parlar 50 and Parlar 26 were the predominant characteristic congeners in fish, and Parlar 26 was the predominant congener not only in poultry products and eggs, but also in livestock and vegetable. The estimated average daily intake found by local residents was 35.57 pg/kg body weight/day. Overall toxaphene levels and estimated dietary intake in the Pearl River Delta Area of South China are far lower than the European Maximum Residue Limits (EU MRLs), the German MRL for fish, and other international literature data. Therefore, the risk of adverse health effects from dietary intakes of toxaphene for the local residents is not considerable at the current time, but follow-ups are warranted to study dynamic changes of toxaphene in food in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- YouSheng Jiang
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ZhiBin Liu
- Nanchang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - DongTing Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518050, Guangdong, PR China
| | - JianQing Zhang
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ShengNong Li
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - LinGeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - XiaoShi Lin
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ShaoYou Lu
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - JinLing Peng
- ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Rd, Longzhu Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
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Wang P, Shang H, Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Jiang G. PBDEs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the sediments from seven major river basins in China: Occurrence, congener profile and spatial tendency. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:13-20. [PMID: 26344144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were extensively investigated in the sediment samples collected from seven major river basins around China. The concentrations were in the range of 0.05-6.15 × 10(4) ng g(-1) dry weight (dw), 0.29-21.7 ng g(-1) dw and 0.01-6.49 ng g(-1) dw for PBDEs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs, respectively. The concentrations showed wide variations among different river basins, while the congener profiles in all the sediments were generally characterized by only a few compounds, such as BDE-209, -99 and -47, CB-11 and -28, OCDD and OCDF, etc. The spatial analysis identified a decreasing trend of these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from south to north China, consistent with regional industrialization. However, relatively higher level of POPs was also observed in the upstream of Yellow River Basin. The present study gives insight into the spatial occurrence of the three POPs in the major river basins in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Gao L, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Liu W, Xiao K. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in water and six fish species from Dongting Lake, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:150-157. [PMID: 25113196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There have been few studies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in environmental water because of the large volume of water required for PCDD/Fs analysis. Water quality directly affects aquatic organisms, and little is known about how PCDD/Fs are transported in aquatic environments. PCDD/Fs were analyzed in eight water samples from Dongting Lake, China, which was contaminated with PCDD/Fs because of sodium pentachlorophenate use between the 1960s and the 1980s. The total PCDD/F concentrations in the samples were 36-345 pg L(-1), and the mean was 191 pg L(-1). Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was the most abundant PCDD/F congener in every sample, contributing 67-95% of the total 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/F concentrations. The toxic equivalent (WHO-TEQ) concentrations in the samples were 0.17-0.37 pg L(-1), and the mean was 0.28 pg L(-1), which is higher than the Canadian environmental quality guideline (0.038 pg L(-1) WHO-TEQ for freshwater) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency water quality criterion (0.014 pg L(-1) WHO-TEQ). PCDD/Fs were also determined in six fish species collected from Dongting Lake, to assess the concentrations, accumulation patterns, and potential for toxic effects. The total 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/F concentrations in the fish samples were 2.2-17.9 pg g(-1) (wet weight), and the dominant congeners were octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran. The PCDD/F WHO-TEQs were 0.10-0.92 ww (3.3-65.3l w) pg g(-1) in different species of fish. PCDD/F congener patterns in fish may be affected by food chain biomagnification and the lipid content of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Agent Orange footprint still visible in rural areas of central Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 2014:528965. [PMID: 24639878 PMCID: PMC3930020 DOI: 10.1155/2014/528965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Levels of polychlorinated dioxins/furans (PCDD/PCDF) in selected environmental samples (soils, sediments, fish, and farm animals) were analyzed from the area of Phong My commune (Thua Thien-Hue province, Vietnam). This area was affected by Agent Orange spraying during the Vietnam war (1968–1971). Whereas PCDD/PCDF content in soil and sediment samples is relatively low and ranges between 0.05 and 5.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g for soils and between 0.7 and 6.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g for sediments, the PCDD/PCDF content in poultry muscle and liver in most cases exceeded the maximum permissible limit of dioxin content per unit fat mass. In some cases of soil and sediments samples, 2,3,7,8-TCDD represented more than 90% of the total PCDD/PCDF, which indicates Agent Orange as the main source.
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Su H, Wu F, Zhang R, Zhao X, Mu Y, Feng C, Giesy JP. Toxicity reference values for protecting aquatic birds in China from the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 230:59-82. [PMID: 24609518 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04411-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PCBs are typical of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic compounds (PBTs) that are widely distributed in the environment and can biomagnify through aquatic food webs, because of their stability and lipophilic properties. Fish-eating birds are top predators in the aquatic food chain and may suffer adverse effects from exposure to PCB concentrations. In this review, we address the toxicity of PCBs to birds and have derived tissue residue guidelines (TRGs) and toxic reference values (TRVs) for PCBs for protecting birds in China. In deriving these protective indices, we utilized available data and three approaches, to wit: species sensitivity distribution (SSD), critical study approach (CSA) and toxicity percentile rank method (TPRM). The TRGs and TRVs arrived at by using these methods were 42.3, I 0. 7, 4.3 pg TEQs/g diet wm and 16.7, 15.5, and 5.5 pg TEQs/g tissue wm for the CSA SSD and TPRM approaches, respectively. These criteria values were analyzed and compared with those derived by others. The following TRG and TRY, derived by SSD, were recommended as avian criteria for protecting avian species in China: 10.7 pg TEQs/g diet wm and 15.5 pg TEQs/g tissue wm, respectively. The hazard of PCBs to birds was assessed by comparing the TRVs and TRGs derived in this study with actual PCB concentrations detected in birds or fish. The criteria values derived in this study can be used to evaluate the risk of PCBs to birds in China, and to provide indices that are more reasonable for protecting Chinese avian species. However, several sources of uncertainty exists when deriving TRGs and TRVs for the PCBs in birds, such as lack of adequate toxicity data for birds and need to use uncertainty factors. Clearly, relevant work on PCBs and birds in China are needed in the future. For example, PCB toxicity data for resident avian species in China are needed. In addition, studies are needed on the actual PCB levels in birds and fish in China. Such information is needed to serve as a more firm foundation for future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Su
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Rauscher-Gabernig E, Mischek D, Moche W, Prean M. Dietary intake of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in Austria. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1770-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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