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González-Durán E, Hernández-Flores Á, Headley MD, Canul JD. On the effects of temperature and pH on tropical and temperate holothurians. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab092. [PMID: 34925846 PMCID: PMC8677458 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and increased ocean heat content has direct and indirect effects on marine organisms such as holothurians (sea cucumbers) that are vulnerable to changes in pH and temperature. These environmental factors have the potential to influence organismal performance and fitness at different life stages. Tropical and temperate holothurians are more vulnerable to temperature and pH than those from colder water environments. The high level of environmental variation observed in the oceans could influence organismal responses and even produce a wide spectrum of compensatory physiological mechanisms. It is possible that in these areas, larval survival will decline by up to 50% in response to a reduction of 0.5 pH units. Such reduction in pH may trigger low intrinsic growth rates and affect the sustainability of the resource. Here we describe the individual and combined effects that temperature and pH could produce in these organisms. We also describe how these effects can scale from individuals to the population level by using age-structured spatial models in which depensation can be integrated. The approach shows how physiology can improve the conservation of the resource based on the restriction of growth model parameters and by including a density threshold, below which the fitness of the population, specifically intrinsic growth rate, decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Durán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia, Ex Hacienda Kalá, C.P. 24085, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Hernández-Flores
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - Maren D Headley
- Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism Secretariat, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, P.O Box 642, Belize
| | - José Duarte Canul
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
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2
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Rahman MS, Saha N, Ahmed ASS, Babu SMOF, Islam ARMT, Begum BA, Jolly YN, Akhter S, Choudhury TR. Depth-related dynamics of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal accumulation in mangrove sediment and plant: Acanthus ilicifolius as a potential phytoextractor. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113160. [PMID: 34808545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to determine the depth-wise variability of physicochemical properties (i.e., pH, TOC, TN, and EC), and heavy metals (i.e., Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cr) concentration, and the associated biological and ecological risks of the mangrove sediment. The accumulation of metal contents and the phytoremediation and phytoextraction were also investigated in a mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius. The mangrove sediment consists of a higher proportion of sand fraction (56.6-74.7%) followed by clay (10-28%) and silt (10.1-15. 7%) fractions. The concentrations (mg/kg) of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cr were ranged from 22.05-34.3, 8.58-22.77, 85.07-114, 5.56-12.91, and 0.98-5.12 in all the sediment layers. The hierarchy of the mean metal concentration in sediment was Zn (102 mg/kg) > Pb (25.6 mg/kg) > Cu (14.8 mg/kg) > As (8.79 mg/kg) > Cr (2.74 mg/kg) respectively. The examined metal concentrations were below the respective average shale values (ASVs). The degree of environmental, ecological, and biological risks was minimal according to various pollution indices like geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI). According to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the adverse biological risk effect was not likely to occur. The result of the potential ecological risk index (PERI) demonstrated that the study area was in the low-risk condition as the corresponded RI value < 100. A combined influence of geogenic and anthropogenic factors was identified as the metal sources by multivariate analysis. The study found that the accumulation rate of the metal contents was higher in leaves than that of roots. The mean descending metal concentration values were Zn (107) > Pb (28. 7) > Cu (16.9) > As (11.2) > Cr (4.99) in leaves and Zn (104.32) > Pb (27.02) > Cu (15.29) > As (10.39) > Cr (3.80) in roots. The translocation and bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals suggested that the mangrove plant species, A. ilicifolius can be used for phytoremediation and phytoextraction since the bio-concentration factor and translocation factor > 1. The studied species exhibited the metal tolerance associated with two following strategies, metal exclusion, and metal accumulation. However, excess metal tolerance can impact the surrounding marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Narottam Saha
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Bilkis A Begum
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Yeasmin N Jolly
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shrin Akhter
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina R Choudhury
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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3
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Li Z, Gao Y, Jia J, Sun K, Lyu S, Wang S, Lu Y, Wen X. Sediment carbon short-term response to water carbon content change in a large floodplain-lake system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31497-31510. [PMID: 33608785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After carbon (C) enters a lake through surface runoff and atmospheric deposition, most of it, being influenced by the environmental conditions of the basin, is deposited into lake sediment, thus, becoming one of the most important C pools in the world. Therefore, it is critical to understand sediment response characteristics under the context of increasing C concentrations in lake water. Based on the changes of sediment C concentration at different depths in Poyang Lake, belonging to China's large floodplain-lake system, we revealed the sediment C short-term response characteristics to changes in lake water C concentrations as well as their associated impacting factors. We found that dissolved total carbon (DTC) concentrations increased by 25.78% in winter compared to spring, while total carbon (TC) sediment concentrations increased by only 4.37% during the corresponding period. Specifically, we found that there was a hysteresis effect in the response of sediment C to the increase of water C concentration in the short term. When DTC concentrations in water were below a threshold value (12.50 mg/L), sediment TC concentrations were generally maintained at approximately 5.79 mg/kg. We also believed that biological and environmental factors and sediment stratification characteristics collectively resulted in this sediment C hysteresis effect. Among these factors and characteristics, phytoplankton can affect sediment C response by changing C absorption and utilization in water or cause a synergistic effect along with environmental factors, which is the key link that causes this C sediment hysteresis effect to occur. Furthermore, we found that the combined effect of sediment C from different depths also resulted in a hysteresis effect in C deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Junjie Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sidan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Cassidy C, Grange LJ, Garcia C, Bolam SG, Godbold JA. Species interactions and environmental context affect intraspecific behavioural trait variation and ecosystem function. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192143. [PMID: 31992167 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait-based approaches are increasingly adopted to understand and project ecological responses to environmental change; however, most assume trait expression is constant between conspecifics irrespective of context. Using two species of benthic invertebrate (brittlestars Amphiura filiformis and Amphiura chiajei), we demonstrate that trait expression at individual and community levels differs with biotic and abiotic context. We use PERMANOVA to test the effect of species identity, density and local environmental history on individual (righting and burrowing) and community (particle reworking and burrow ventilation) trait expression, as well as associated effects on ecosystem functioning (sediment nutrient release). Trait expression differs with context, with repercussions for the faunal mediation of ecosystem processes; we find increased rates of righting and burial behaviour and greater particle reworking with increasing density that are reflected in nutrient generation. However, the magnitude of effects differed within and between species, arising from site-specific environmental and morphological differences. Our results indicate that traits and processes influencing change in ecosystem functioning are products of both prevailing and historic conditions that cannot be constrained within typologies. Trait-based study must incorporate context-dependent variation, including intraspecific differences from individual to ecosystem scales, to avoid jeopardizing projections of ecosystem functioning and service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cassidy
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Laura J Grange
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Stefan G Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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5
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Sokołowski A, Brulińska D. The effects of low seawater pH on energy storage and heat shock protein 70 expression in a bivalve Limecola balthica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:289-298. [PMID: 30251647 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Though biological consequences of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) implementation into the marine environment have received substantial research attention, the impact of potential CO2 leakage on benthic infauna in the Baltic Sea remained poorly recognized. This study quantified medium-term (56-day laboratory exposure) effects of CO2-induced seawater acidification (pH 7.7, 7.0 and 6.3) on energetic reserves and heat-shock protein HSP70 expression of adult bivalve Limecola balthica from the southern Baltic. While no clear impact was evident in the most acidic treatment (pH 6.3), moderate seawater hypercapnia (pH 7.0) induced elevated catabolism of high caloric reserves (carbohydrates including glycogen and lipids) in order to provide energy to cover enhanced metabolic requirements for acid-base regulation. Biochemical response did not involve, however, breakdown of proteins, suggesting that they were not utilized as metabolic substrates. As indicated also by subtle variations in the chaperone protein HSP70, the clams demonstrated high CO2 tolerance, presumably through development of efficient defensive/compensatory mechanisms during their larval and/or ontogenic life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sokołowski
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Dominika Brulińska
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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6
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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on contraction force and proteome composition of sea urchin tube feet. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 21:10-16. [PMID: 27821266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how contraction force and protein profiles of the tube feet of the sea urchin (Pseudocentrotus depressus) were affected when acclimated to 400 (control), 2000 and 10,000μatm CO2 for 48days. Acclimation to higher CO2 conditions significantly reduced contraction force of the tube feet. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that eight spots changed in protein volume: six up-regulated and two down-regulated. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-quadrupole ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry, three up-regulated spots (tubulin beta chain, tropomyosin fragment, and actin N-terminal fragment) and two down-regulated spots (actin C-terminal fragment and myosin light chain) were identified. One possible interpretation of the results is that elevated CO2 weakened contraction of the tube feet muscle through an alteration of proteome composition, mainly associated with post-translational processing/proteolysis of muscle-related proteins.
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8
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Bamber SD, Westerlund S. Behavioral responses of Arctica islandica (Bivalvia: Arcticidae) to simulated leakages of carbon dioxide from sub-sea geological storage. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:295-305. [PMID: 27776295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sub-sea geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) provides a viable option for the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) approach for reducing atmospheric emissions of this greenhouse gas. Although generally considered to offer a low risk of major leakage, it remains relevant to establish the possible consequences for marine organisms that live in or on sediments overlying these storage areas if such an event may occur. The present study has used a series of laboratory exposures and behavioral bioassays to establish the sensitivity of Arctica islandica to simulated leakages of CO2. This long-lived bivalve mollusc is widely distributed throughout the North Sea, an area where geological storage is currently taking place and where there are plans to expand this operation significantly. A recently published model has predicted a maximum drop of 1.9pH units in seawater at the point source of a substantial escape of CO2 from sub-sea geological storage in this region. Valve movements of A. islandica exposed to reduced pH seawater were recorded continuously using Hall effect proximity sensors. Valve movement regulation is important for optimising the flow of water over the gills, which supplies food and facilitates respiration. A stepwise reduction in seawater pH showed an initial increase in both the rate and extent of valve movements in the majority of individuals tested when pH fell to 6.2 units. Exposing A. islandica to pH 6.2 seawater continuously for seven days resulted in a clear increase in valve movements during the first 40h of exposure, followed by a gradual reduction in activity intensity over the subsequent five days, suggesting acclimation. The ability of both exposed and control bivalves to burrow successfully into sediment on completion of this exposure was very similar. A final exposure trial, testing whether increased valve movements initiated by reduced pH were related to foot extension during attempted burrowing, found no such association. In summary, significant changes in valve behavior did not occur until seawater pH fell to 6.2 units. The response took the form of an increase in valve activity rather than closure. The absence of foot extension coincident with increased valve movements indicates A. islandica were not attempting to burrow, leaving the possibility that valve movements are supporting a respiratory response to hypercapnia. In conclusion, A. islandica appears to be tolerant of reductions in seawater pH equivalent to those predicted for substantial losses of CO2 through leakage from sub-sea geological storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw D Bamber
- International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, N-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
| | - Stig Westerlund
- International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, N-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
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9
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Rogelja M, Cibic T, Pennesi C, De Vittor C. Microphytobenthic community composition and primary production at gas and thermal vents in the Aeolian Islands (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 118:31-44. [PMID: 27155353 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediment samplings were performed to investigate the microphytobenthic community and photosynthetic activity adaptations to gas emissions and higher temperature in the Aeolian Islands during a three-year period (2012-2014). Higher microphytobenthic densities were recorded at the vent stations and values were even more pronounced in relation with high temperature. The gross primary production estimates strongly depended on microphytobenthic abundance values reaching up to 45.79 ± 6.14 mgC m(-2) h(-1). High abundances were coupled with low community richness and diversity. Motile diatom living forms were predominant at all stations and the greatest differences among vent and reference stations were detected on the account of the tychopelagic forms. Morphological deformities and heavily silicified diatom frustules were also observed. A significant influence of the gas emission and high temperature on the phototrophic community was highlighted suggesting the Aeolian Islands as a good natural laboratory for studies on high CO2 and global warming effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Rogelja
- Sezione di Oceanografia, OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), I-34151 Trieste, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tamara Cibic
- Sezione di Oceanografia, OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Pennesi
- Department of Life and Environment Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- Sezione di Oceanografia, OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), I-34151 Trieste, Italy
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10
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Yuan X, Shao S, Yang X, Yang D, Xu Q, Zong H, Liu S. Bioenergetic trade-offs in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in response to CO2-driven ocean acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8453-8461. [PMID: 26782325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) caused by excessive CO2 is a potential ecological threat to marine organisms. The impacts of OA on echinoderms are well-documented, but there has been a strong bias towards sea urchins, and limited information is available on sea cucumbers. This work examined the effect of medium-term (60 days) exposure to three pH levels (pH 8.06, 7.72, and 7.41, covering present and future pH variability) on the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, an ecologically and economically important holothurian in Asian coasts. Results showed that the measured specific growth rate linearly decreased with decreased pH, leading to a 0.42 %·day(-1) decrease at pH 7.41 compared with that at pH 8.06. The impacts of pH on physiological energetics were variable: measured energy consumption and defecation rates linearly decreased with decreased pH, whereas maintenance energy in calculated respiration and excretion were not significantly affected. No shift in energy allocation pattern was observed in A. japonicus upon exposure to pH 7.72 compared with pH 8.06. However, a significant shift in energy budget occurred upon exposure to pH 7.41, leading to decreased energy intake and increased percentage of energy that was lost in feces, thereby resulting in a significantly lowered allocation into somatic growth. These findings indicate that adult A. japonicus is resilient to the OA scenario at the end of the twenty-first century, but further acidification may negatively influence the grazing capability and growth, thereby influencing its ecological functioning as an "ecosystem engineer" and potentially harming its culture output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiutang Yuan
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Senlin Shao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazuo Yang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Humin Zong
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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11
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Freitas R, Almeida Â, Calisto V, Velez C, Moreira A, Schneider RJ, Esteves VI, Wrona FJ, Figueira E, Soares AMVM. The impacts of pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification: New data on single and combined long-term effects of carbamazepine on Scrobicularia plana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:977-985. [PMID: 26473700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into aquatic systems are among key and/or emerging drivers of environmental change affecting marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ocean acidification can have direct and indirect impacts on marine organisms although combined effects with other stressors, namely with pharmaceuticals, have received very little attention to date. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the pharmaceutical drug Carbamazepine and pH 7.1, acting alone and in combination, on the clam Scrobicularia plana. For this, a long-term exposure (28 days)was conducted and a set of oxidative stress markers was investigated. The results obtained showed that S. plana was able to develop mechanisms to prevent oxidative damage when under low pH for a long period, presenting higher survival when exposed to this stressor compared to CBZ or the combination of CBZ with pH 7.1. Furthermore, the toxicity of CBZ on S. plana was synergistically increased under ocean acidification conditions (CBZ + pH 7.1): specimens survival was reduced and oxidative stress was enhanced when compared to single exposures. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ocean acidification will act to increase the toxicity of CBZ to marine organisms,which has clear implications for coastal benthic ecosystems suffering chronic pollution from pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Velez
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anthony Moreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter Str. 11, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, National Water Research Institute, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Bamber SD, Westerlund S. Behavioral responses of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) to reduced seawater pH following simulated leakages from sub-sea geological storage of CO2. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:526-537. [PMID: 27484135 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1171979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale storage of CO2 within sub-sea geological formations is a viable option for reducing the volume of this greenhouse gas released directly to the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities. Risks to benthic marine life following possible leakage of gas through the seabed from this carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiative are not yet well established. This study examined behavior (activity patterns) in brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), exposed to a range of reduced seawater pH conditions (7.6, 7, or 6.5) simulating leakage scenarios of varying scales. Brown shrimp have an endogenous rhythmicity associated with their activity, which dictates they are most active during hours of darkness, presumably as protection against vision-dependent predators. This endogenous rhythm in activity continues to be expressed when shrimp are held under constant low-light conditions in the lab and provides an ecologically relevant endpoint to measure when examining the influence of reduced pH on the behavior of these animals. No marked differences in activity pattern were observed between control shrimp maintained at pH 8.1 and those at pH 7.6. However, changes in activity were evident at pH 7 and pH 6.5, where significant shifts in timing and intensity of activity occurred. There was an unexpected increase in activity within periods of expected light, probably signaling efforts by shrimp to migrate away from reduced seawater pH conditions. The loss of this important member of the benthic community due to migration may have important consequences for many of the resilient species that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw D Bamber
- a International Research Institute of Stavanger , Environment Department , Mekjarvik , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Stig Westerlund
- a International Research Institute of Stavanger , Environment Department , Mekjarvik , Randaberg , Norway
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Khosrovyan A, DelValls TA, Riba I. Effects of simulated CO₂ escape from sediments on the development of midge Chironomus riparius. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:230-239. [PMID: 25265051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The acidification of freshwater caused by potential CO2 gas seepage from sediment layers has not previously been studied, although freshwater is likely to be affected by the accidental escape of this gas from onshore storage facilities. In this study, two riparian sediments with different contamination levels were subjected to acidification via direct injection of CO2 gas, simulating the potential leak of CO2. Tests with the midge Chironomus riparius larvae were used to assess metal fluxes and vulnerability of benthic invertebrates to the effects of acidification. The midges were grown in whole sediments over 28d after which midge emergence and ability to reproduce were tested. The results revealed that acidification is an important factor controlling the development of the midges. Although larval development and emergence were affected by neither acidity (pH 7.5 and 7.0) nor contamination levels, none of the eggs, laid during the exposure, hatched. In less contaminated sediment, Chironomus larvae succumbed to the impact of pH 6.5 and 6.0, showing suppressed growth and metamorphosis and consequently, no emergence. In highly contaminated sediment, pH 6.5 level retarded larval growth and inhibited emergence, while pH 6.0 caused mortality. The latter could also be attributed to metal mobilization effects facilitated by an increase in the ambient acidity. Experimentation on clean sediments at pH 6.5 and 6.0 also showed absence of emergence during the experimental period. These results suggest that acidity factor could seriously diminish the vitality of midge larvae and ability of midge to produce offspring, challenging the commonly known tolerance of midges to high acidity (up to pH 3.5). Whilst larval midges can survive acidity and/or metal exposure, stimulated by creeping CO2 gas, and even emerge as adults, physiological impairments may take place which may seriously threaten the resilience of C. riparius population and subsequently lead to the decline of the population size and disruption of their function in ecosystems. Suggestions on using more sensitive endpoints than emergence when testing acidification effects are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khosrovyan
- UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - T A DelValls
- UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - I Riba
- UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
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Braeckman U, Van Colen C, Guilini K, Van Gansbeke D, Soetaert K, Vincx M, Vanaverbeke J. Empirical evidence reveals seasonally dependent reduction in nitrification in coastal sediments subjected to near future ocean acidification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108153. [PMID: 25329898 PMCID: PMC4199590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research so far has provided little evidence that benthic biogeochemical cycling is affected by ocean acidification under realistic climate change scenarios. We measured nutrient exchange and sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) rates to estimate nitrification in natural coastal permeable and fine sandy sediments under pre-phytoplankton bloom and bloom conditions. Ocean acidification, as mimicked in the laboratory by a realistic pH decrease of 0.3, significantly reduced SCOC on average by 60% and benthic nitrification rates on average by 94% in both sediment types in February (pre-bloom period), but not in April (bloom period). No changes in macrofauna functional community (density, structural and functional diversity) were observed between ambient and acidified conditions, suggesting that changes in benthic biogeochemical cycling were predominantly mediated by changes in the activity of the microbial community during the short-term incubations (14 days), rather than by changes in engineering effects of bioturbating and bio-irrigating macrofauna. As benthic nitrification makes up the gross of ocean nitrification, a slowdown of this nitrogen cycling pathway in both permeable and fine sediments in winter, could therefore have global impacts on coupled nitrification-denitrification and hence eventually on pelagic nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Braeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Carl Van Colen
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Guilini
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gansbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karline Soetaert
- Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Magda Vincx
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
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Widdicombe S, Blackford JC, Spicer JI. Assessing the environmental consequences of CO2 leakage from geological CCS: generating evidence to support environmental risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 73:399-401. [PMID: 23809332 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
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