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Kumar S, O'Connor W, Islam R, Leusch FDL, Melvin SD, MacFarlane GR. Exploring the co-exposure effects of environmentally relevant microplastics and an estrogenic mixture on the metabolome of the Sydney rock oyster. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142501. [PMID: 38825244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In aquatic environments the concurrent exposure of molluscs to microplastics (MPs) and estrogens is common, as these pollutants are frequently released by wastewater treatment plants into estuaries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the independent and co-exposure impacts of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) at environmentally relevant concentrations on polar metabolites and morphological parameters of the Sydney rock oyster. A seven-day acute exposure revealed no discernible differences in morphology; however, significant variations in polar metabolites were observed across oyster tissues. The altered metabolites were mostly amino acids, carbohydrates and intermediates of the Kreb's cycle. The perturbation of metabolites were tissue and sex-specific. All treatments generally showed an increase of metabolites relative to controls - a possible stimulatory and/or a potential hormetic response. The presence of MPs impeded the exposure of adsorbed and free EEDCs potentially due to the selective feeding behaviour of oysters to microplastics, favouring algae over similar-sized PE-MPs, and the formation of an eco/bio-corona involving faeces, pseudo-faeces, natural organic matter, and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazal Kumar
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Steve D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Cao X, Yu ZX, Xie M, Pan K, Tan QG. Higher Risks of Copper Toxicity in Turbid Waters: Quantifying the Bioavailability of Particle-Bound Metals to Set Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1060-1070. [PMID: 36595456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In coastal waters, particulate metals constitute a substantial fraction of the total metals; however, the prevalent water quality criteria are primarily based on dissolved metals, seemingly neglecting the contribution of particulate metals. Here we developed a method to quantify the toxicity risk of particulate metals, and proposed a way to calculate modifying factors (MFs) for setting site-specific criteria in turbid waters. Specifically, we used a side-by-side experimental design to study copper (Cu) bioaccumulation and toxicity in an estuarine clam, Potamocorbula laevis, under the exposure to "dissolved only" and "dissolved + particulate" 65Cu. A toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model (TK-TD) was used to quantify the processes of Cu uptake, ingestion, assimilation, egestion, and elimination, and to relate mortality risk to tissue Cu. We find that particulate Cu contributes 40-67% of the Cu bioaccumulation when the suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranges from 12 to 229 mg L-1. The Cu-bearing SPM also increases the sensitivity of organisms to internalized Cu by decreasing the internal threshold concentration (CIT) from 141 to 76.8 μg g-1. MFs were derived based on the TK-TD model to consider the contribution of particulate Cu (in the studied SPM range) for increasing Cu bioaccumulation (MF = 1.3-2.2) and toxicity (MF = 2.3-3.9). Water quality criteria derived from dissolved metal exposure need to be lowered by dividing by an MF to provide adequate protection. Overall, the method we developed provides a scientifically sound framework to manage the risks of metals in turbid waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900Sepang, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Minwei Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
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Besley CH, Birch GF. Comparison of mangrove (Avicennia marina) metal tissue concentrations to ambient sediment with an extensive range of contaminant levels in a highly-modified estuary (Sydney estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112680. [PMID: 34265551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Statistically distinct 'high', 'moderate' and 'low' metal contamination positions were distinguished across five Sydney estuary embayments for total sedimentary metal concentrations of Ni, Pb and Zn. While statistically distinct total sedimentary As, Cd, Co and Cu concentrations were indicated for the 'low' position samples. Mangrove (Avicennia marina) pneumatophore tissue metal concentrations from 'high' position trees were statistically distinct for Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, while root tissue samples from 'low' position trees were statistically distinct for As, Cd and Zn. Outcomes from CAP, simple linear regression and DISTLM modelling indicated sedimentary metals were predominantly assimilated into mangrove root tissue, with smaller uptake into pneumatophore tissue. A comparison of floristic tissue metal concentrations indicated mangrove (A. marina) root tissue assimilated higher sedimentary metal concentrations than leaf and root tissue of seagrasses (Zostera capricorni and Halophila ovalis), which had relatively higher metal concentrations than those from pneumatophore and leaf mangrove tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia.
| | - G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Hernandez‐Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Marina M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Tiktak A, Topping C, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Conrad A, Pieper S. Statement of the PPR Panel on a framework for conducting the environmental exposure and risk assessment for transition metals when used as active substances in plant protection products (PPP). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06498. [PMID: 33815619 PMCID: PMC8006092 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to prepare a statement on a framework for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of transition metals (e.g. iron and copper) used as active substances in plant protection products (PPPs). Non-degradability, essentiality and specific conditions affecting fate and behaviour as well as their toxicity are distinctive characteristics possibly not covered in current guidance for PPPs. The proposed risk assessment framework starts with a preliminary phase, in which monitoring data on transition metals in relevant environmental compartments are provided. They deliver the metal natural background and anthropogenic residue levels to be considered in the exposure calculations. A first assessment step is then performed assuming fully bioavailable residues. Should the first step fail, refined ERA can, in principle, consider bioavailability issues; however, non-equilibrium conditions need to be taken into account. Simple models that are fit for purpose should be employed in order to avoid unnecessary complexity. Exposure models and scenarios would need to be adapted to address environmental processes and parameters relevant to the fate and behaviour of transition metals in water, sediment and soils (e.g. speciation). All developments should follow current EFSA guidance documents. If refined approaches have been used in the risk assessment of PPPs containing metals, post-registration monitoring and controlled long-term studies should be conducted and assessed. Utilisation of the same transition metal in other PPPs or for other uses will lead to accumulation in environmental compartments acting as sinks. In general, it has to be considered that the prospective risk assessment of metal-containing PPPs can only cover a defined period as there are limitations in the long-term hazard assessment due to issues of non-degradability. It is therefore recommended to consider these aspects in any risk management decisions and to align the ERA with the goals of other overarching legislative frameworks.
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Birch GF, Shalem Y, Lewtas K, Besley CH. Metal concentrations in Sydney Cockle (Anadara trapezia) tissue and ambient sediment in a highly-modified estuary (Sydney estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:299-308. [PMID: 31180000 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sedimentary metals on the cockle A. trapezia tissue was examined using a strong difference in sedimentary metal concentrations in an embayment (Hen and Chicken Bay) highly contaminated in Cu and an adjacent cove (Iron Cove), strongly enriched in Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn within the heavily-urbanised Sydney estuary catchment (Australia). Statistically significant differences were recorded for cockle tissue metal concentrations between the study locations reflecting differences in surficial sediment metal concentrations. Low metal uptake was apparent in A. trapezia tissue, which were considerably less than background sedimentary concentrations and was of low-risk for human consumption. Dissimilar bioconcentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was apparent in tissue of cockles (A. trapezia), prawns (Metapenaeus bennettae), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Saccostrea glomerata), due possibly to different feeding patterns and biogeochemical conditions in bottom sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Y Shalem
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - K Lewtas
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Customer Delivery, Sydney Water, NSW 2143, Australia..
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La Colla NS, Botté SE, Fiori SM, Dos Santos EP, Labudía AC. First records of metal concentrations in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from a Southwest Atlantic estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1321-1338. [PMID: 30446862 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the world's most widespread bivalves and a suitable species for biomonitoring metals in coastal environments. In the present research, wild individuals were collected from an Argentinian estuary and the coastal beaches nearby. The concentrations of eight metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were quantified in the soft tissues of the Pacific oyster. Among the metals, Cu, Fe and Zn reached the highest concentrations in the soft tissues over the rest of the elements. The results showed the highest values to be estuary related, with the beach site achieving the lowest values. These results possibly lie on the impact of human activities surrounding the estuary, as well as streams and rivers that outflow within it. Higher Cu and Zn levels, both port related, were mainly found toward the outer estuary. On the other hand, high levels of Cr, Fe and Mn were found toward the inner zone of the estuary, an area with sewage sludge from the cities located on the margins of the BBE. Regarding the potential risk to public health, Cu and Zn levels found in C. gigas were above national and international safety guidelines in 100% and 11% of the samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S La Colla
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Sandra E Botté
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Fiori
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Eder P Dos Santos
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana C Labudía
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Birch GF. A review of chemical-based sediment quality assessment methodologies for the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:218-232. [PMID: 30041309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review of 19 chemical approaches used in assessing sediment quality are classified into empirical, mechanistic and sediment quality indices (SQI) groups. Empirical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), based on matching chemical and biological-effects data and the mechanistic techniques, founded on equilibrium partitioning principals (EqP), are well established and most used. Empirical SQGs provide a useful screening tool to initially identify locations and chemicals of most concern, but are not regulatory criteria. The EqP approach is causally linked however, the scheme assumes porewater chemistry largely controls sediment toxicity. SQIs are not based on matching chemical-biological data and combine schemes with multiple narrative intents. The 41 SQGs reviewed show a considerable range in upper and lower guideline values. Grain size and organic content should be included into SQGs, however inclusion of suspended sediment into SQGs raises concerns. SQGs are built into decision-tree schemes with other lines-of-evidence and evaluated in a weight-of-evidence framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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8
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Tan QG, Zhou W, Wang WX. Modeling the Toxicokinetics of Multiple Metals in the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in a Dynamic Estuarine Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:484-492. [PMID: 29236473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination is a major problem in many estuaries. Toxicokinetic models are useful tools for predicting metal accumulation in estuarine organisms and managing the associated ecological risks. However, obtaining toxicokinetic parameter values with sufficient predictive power is challenging for dynamic estuarine waters. In this study, we determined the toxicokinetics of multiple metals in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in a dynamic estuary polluted by metals using a 48 day transplant experiment. During the experiment, metal concentrations in oysters, water, and suspended particles were intensively monitored at 3 day intervals. The toxicokinetic parameters were then estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The calibrated model was capable of successfully simulating the time-course of metal bioaccumulation in oysters and was further validated by predicting the bioaccumulation at another site in the estuary. Furthermore, the model was used to assess the relative importance of different pathways in metal bioaccumulation. With the MCMC method, distributions instead of single values were assigned to model parameters. This method makes the model predictions probabilistic with clearly defined uncertainties, and they are thus particularly useful for the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clearwater Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong
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Fang TH, Dai SY. Green oysters occurring in an industrial harbor in Central Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:1006-1013. [PMID: 28274472 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Green oysters were found within the Mailiao industrial harbor (MIH) located in Central Taiwan. The metal concentrations in seawater (dissolved and particulate phases), sediment and oyster samples collected within the MIH were analyzed to examine the green oysters. The dissolved and particulate metal concentrations ranged within 0.008-1.47μgl-1 and 0.97-799.2mgkg-1, respectively. The Cu concentration in seawater was dominated in the dissolved phase. In contrast, Cr, Pb and Zn in seawater were chiefly present in the particulate phase. The metal concentrations in sediment and oyster samples ranged within 0.02-148.4mgkg-1 and 0.18-1238mgkg-1 (dry W.), respectively. No anomalous values were found in the analyzed samples, except the Cu content in the oyster samples ranged within 274-1238mgkg-1. The relatively high bioconcentration factor of Cu in oyster and the longer exposure time induced the green oysters occurred within the MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hsi Fang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean, University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Yan Dai
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean, University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Delshab H, Farshchi P, Mohammadi M, Moattar F. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and its effects on oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) biometry parameters in the Asaluyeh port coasts, Persian Gulf, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1371989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Delshab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Farshchi
- Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Environment, Persian Gulf Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Faramarz Moattar
- Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Maccotta A, Cosentino C, Coccioni R, Frontalini F, Scopelliti G, Caruso A. Distribution of Cr and Pb in artificial sea water and their sorption in marine sediments: an example from experimental mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24068-24080. [PMID: 27638807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of two heavy metals (chromium and lead) in sediments in experimental mesocosms under exposure to different metal concentrations was evaluated by monitoring their concentrations over time both in seawater and in sediment. Two separate experiments under laboratory-controlled conditions were carried out for the two metals. Sediments were collected from a protected natural area characterized by low anthropic influence and were placed in mesocosms that were housed in aquaria each with seawater at a different metal concentration. At pre-established time intervals, seawater and sediment samples were collected from each mesocosm for chemical analyses. Quantification of chromium and lead concentration in seawater and sediment samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometer with graphite furnace. Low doses of chromium and lead (<1 mg L-1) do not entail an uptake in sediments and waters. At doses ≥1 mg L-1, evolution of concentrations over time shows significant differences between these two metals: (i) chromium absorption from seawater is twice faster than lead; (ii) lead accumulates in considerable amount in sediments. The different behaviour of the two investigated heavy metals could be ascribed to different interactions existing between metal ions and different components of sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maccotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - R Coccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Università di Urbino "Carlo BO", via Ca' le Suore, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - F Frontalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Università di Urbino "Carlo BO", via Ca' le Suore, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - G Scopelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Raftos DA, Melwani AR, Haynes PA, Muralidharan S, Birch GF, Amaral V, Thompson EL, Taylor DA. The biology of environmental stress: molecular biomarkers in Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1129-1139. [PMID: 27548823 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review describes our recent work on environmental stress in Sydney rock oysters, focusing on the identification of molecular biomarkers for ecotoxicological analysis. We begin by describing the environmental pressures facing coastal estuaries in Australia, with particular reference to Sydney Harbour. After providing that context, we summarise our transcriptional and proteomic analyses of Sydney rock oysters responding to chemical contamination and other forms of environmental stress. This work has shown that the intracellular processes of oysters are highly responsive to environmental threats. Our data agree with the broader literature, which suggests that there is a highly conserved intracellular stress response in oysters involving a limited number of biological processes. We conclude that many effective molecular markers for environmental biomonitoring are likely to lie within these biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Raftos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia.
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