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Joseph A, Bassey A, Ebari S, Eni G. Hormonal and haematological biomarkers as indicators of stress induced by Diuron herbicide toxicity on Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) sub-adults. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109802. [PMID: 37996049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is a globally used herbicide for weed control but has anti-androgenic effects on androgens (testosterone and androstenedione), antagonist effects on thyroid hormone signaling, and haematological effects due to their biotransformation in fish. Endocrine-disrupting biomarkers such as thyroid hormones, sex hormones, and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus sub-adults exposed to sub-lethal diuron concentrations were studied over a 28-day period. C. gariepinus (n = 200) sub-adults were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.00, 0.09, 0.18, 0.26, and 0.35 mg/L) of diuron. Changes in the hormonal and haematological profiles of the exposed fish were concentration and exposure duration-dependent. The thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and 17β-estradiol (E2) profiles decreased with an increase in concentration and exposure duration. The haemoglobin, pack cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, mean cell volume, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin cell decreased, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin increased with an increase in concentration and exposure duration. Diuron induced stress and altered the physiological mechanisms of fish, and its application in farmlands should be regulated so as to enable a sustainable aquatic eco-system and fishery resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaninyene Joseph
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria; Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Andem Bassey
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Sylvanus Ebari
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - George Eni
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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2
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Vanavermaete D, Hostens K, Everaert G, Parmentier K, Janssen C, De Witte B. Assessing the risk of booster biocides for the marine environment: A case study at the Belgian part of the North Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115774. [PMID: 37979528 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The biofouling of submerged surfaces such as ship hulls is often prevented by using anti-fouling components in combination with booster biocides. These booster biocides enter the water column and may affect non-target organisms. Although different negative effects have been associated with the use of booster biocides, their effects on non-target organisms are often unknown. So far, the environmental risks for booster biocides have barely been quantified in the North Sea. In this work, the concentration of five commonly used booster biocides as well as tributyltin has been monitored at five dredged spoil disposal sites in the Belgian part of the North Sea and the harbour and ports of Nieuwpoort, Oostende, and Zeebrugge. Hotspots were discovered where the concentration of one or more booster biocides exceeded the predicted no-effect concentration. Tributyltin has been banned since 2008, but concentrations of 237- to 546-fold of the predicted no-effect concentration were detected in the harbours and ports. Moreover, TBT has been detected in the same order of magnitude in other sea basins, emphasizing the need to monitor the trends and impact of booster biocides and TBT in environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vanavermaete
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Animal Sciences Unit, Aquatic Environment, and Quality, Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Kris Hostens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Animal Sciences Unit, Aquatic Environment, and Quality, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Gert Everaert
- Flanders Marine Institute, The Ocean and Human Health, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Koen Parmentier
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bavo De Witte
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Animal Sciences Unit, Aquatic Environment, and Quality, Ostend, Belgium
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Harino H, Ohji M, Kono K, Onduka T, Hano T, Mochida K. Current Status of Antifouling Biocides Contamination in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:333-348. [PMID: 37910194 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring survey of antifouling biocides was conducted in the Harima Nada Sea and Osaka Bay of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan to assess contamination by organotin (OT) compounds and alternative biocides. The concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in surface water ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 ng/L, and the detected TBT concentrations in the bottom water layer were higher than those in the surface water. The concentrations of TBT compounds in sediment samples ranged from 2.0 to 28 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. The concentrations of alternative biocides in the water and sediment were lower than those before the banning of TBT by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Although triphenyltin (TPT) compounds were not detected in water samples, TPT compounds were detected in the range of < 0.1-2700 ng/g dw in sediment samples. Their concentrations in the water samples were as follows: diuron, < 1-53 ng/L; Sea-Nine 211, < 1-1.8 ng/L; Irgarol 1051, < 1-4.0 ng/L; dichlofluanid, < 1-343 ng/L; and chlorothalonil, < 1-1 ng/L, and the ranges of these alternative compounds in sediment samples were diuron, 32-488 ng/g dw; Sea-Nine 211, 47-591 ng/g dw; Irgarol, 33-128 ng/g dw; dichlofluanid, 67-8038 ng/g dw; and chlorothalonil, 31-2975 ng/g dw. Thus, the OTs and alternative biocides have still been detected in water and sediment samples from closed sea areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Harino
- Department of Human Sciences, Kobe College, Okadayama 4-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 662-8505, Japan.
| | - Madoka Ohji
- Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kono
- Hatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Onduka
- Hatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Takashi Hano
- Hatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mochida
- Hatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
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Almeida JC, Castro ÍB, Nunes BZ, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Antifouling booster biocides in Latin America and the Caribbean: A 20-year review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114718. [PMID: 36807046 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized booster biocides studies from Latin America and the Caribbean during the last two decades. Studies were focused on six countries, with most of them in Brazil. In water and sediment, diuron and Irgarol were the most abundant and frequent biocides, probably due to their former intense use. Antifouling paint particles were also reported and had mainly DCOIT, which is currently the most used booster biocide. Toxicity of individual booster biocides was tested in laboratory, and most effects were related to chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, and Irgarol, including, but not limited to DNA damage, fertility decrease, and mortality at different trophic levels. This review highlighted the need for further studies on environmental occurrence of booster biocides in Latin America and Caribbean associated to ecotoxicological studies. Such information is essential to determine the potential ecological risks and to create directives regarding safe limits of booster biocides in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cintra Almeida
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n - Cid. Universitária, CEP: 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, CEP: 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Zachello Nunes
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n - Cid. Universitária, CEP: 50740-550 Recife, Brazil.
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Soares KL, Sunyer-Caldú A, Primel EG, Fillmann G, Diaz-Cruz MS. Distribution in marine fish and EDI estimation of contaminants of emerging concern by vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and HPLC-MS/MS. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114530. [PMID: 36640500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their persistence or continuous discharge, toxic substances are present in the aquatic environment, and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food web, generating a significant ecological risk and a threat to human health. The present study assess the occurrence and tissue (muscle, liver, stomach and gills) distribution of 59 anthropogenic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in marine fish from Brazil. A simpler and faster analytical methodology based on vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (VA-MSPD) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Limits of quantification ranged from 3.31 to 114 ng g-1 dw with recovery rates between 60 and 140 % and relative standard deviation below 20 %. The ultraviolet filters 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HB) (benzophenone-3 metabolite) and benzocaine (Et-PABA), and the antibacterial salicylic acid were frequently accumulated in muscle and liver at concentrations between 39.5 and 21.0 ngg-1 dw. The determined concentrations resulted to be lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lotz Soares
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGO - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (PPGQTA - FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Luo HW, Lin M, Bai XX, Xu B, Li M, Ding JJ, Hong WJ, Guo LH. Water quality criteria derivation and tiered ecological risk evaluation of antifouling biocides in marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114500. [PMID: 36586200 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive compilation of published toxicological and environmental data further used to assess the ecological risks of six antifouling biocides, including tributyltin (TBT), Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, 4,5-Dichloro-N-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), and Dichlofluanid. The standard maximum concentration and standard continuous concentration of antifouling biocides were derived by the species susceptibility distribution method. Following that, the ecological risk assessment of antifouling biocides in the aquatic environment was conducted using the hazard quotient, margin of safety, joint probability curve, and Monte Carlo random sampling method. The following is a concise list of the antifouling biocide dangers associated with acute and chronic risks: Irgarol 1051 > TBT > Diuron > DCOIT > Chlorothalonil > Dichlofluanid. It is strongly advised that systematic and ongoing monitoring of these biocides in coastal areas take place, as well as the creation of acceptable and efficient environmental protection measures, to safeguard the coastal environment's services and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Luo
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Min Lin
- Hangzhou Jiasu Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Xin-Xin Bai
- Hangzhou Jiasu Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jin-Jian Ding
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hong
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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7
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Zhou L, Wu T, Yu C, Liu S, Pan C. Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Micro-Extraction and Detection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Antifouling Biocides in Water. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031263. [PMID: 36770930 PMCID: PMC9920688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple analytical method was developed and evaluated for the determination of two antifouling biocides using an ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. Irgarol 1051 and Sea-Nine 211 were extracted from deionized water, lake water, and seawater using IL 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([HMIm][PF6]) and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent and the dispersion solvent. Several factors were considered, including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, IL amount, sample pH, salt effect, and cooling temperature. The developed method resulted in a recovery range of 78.7-90.3%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3) less than 7.5%. The analytes were enriched greater than 40-fold, and the limits of detection (LOD) for two antifouling biocides were 0.01-0.1 μg L-1. The method was effectively applied for the analysis of real samples of freshwater as well as samples of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanshan Yu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62731978; Fax: +86-10-62733620
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Czieborowski M, Kemperman AJB, Rolevink E, Blom J, Visser T, Philipp B. A two-step bioluminescence assay for optimizing antibacterial coating of hollow-fiber membranes with polydopamine in an integrative approach. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 196:106452. [PMID: 35341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pure-water filtration membranes are often fouled by bacterial biofilms. Antibacterial coatings for preventing biofilm formation on such membranes should not rely on leaching of inhibiting compounds but should only be effective on surface contact. Certified assays for antibacterial coatings do not sufficiently exclude leaching effects and involve nutrient-rich cultivation media that do not correspond to conditions in pure-water systems. In this study, a two-step bioluminescence assay was developed for optimizing an antibacterial coating of PES/PVP ultrafiltration hollow-fiber membranes with a polydopamine as a sustainable, bio-inspired material for preventing bacterial biofilm formation. In the first step, leaching of the antimicrobial coating was analyzed by a bioluminescence assay with supernatants generated by washing coated membranes. In the second step, bioluminescence of bacterial biofilms on coated and uncoated membranes was measured using a nutrient-poor medium resembling site-specific conditions. Based on this bioluminescence assay, an optimized protocol for the coating process could be established by acidic polymerization of dopamine using 2 g/L sodium periodate and 4 g/L dopamine at 40 °C for 20 min reaction time. With coatings produced in this way, bioluminescence was reduced on coated membranes only while the corresponding supernatants exhibited no inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Czieborowski
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Bodo Philipp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Münster, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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9
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Zhou Y, Han X, Bao Y, Zhu Z, Huang J, Yang C, He C, Zuo Z. Chronic exposure to environmentally realistic levels of diuron impacts the behaviour of adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105917. [PMID: 34333370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diuron, a commonly used herbicide and antifouling biocide, has been frequently detected in seawater. The effects of diuron on fish behaviour are currently poorly understood. Herein, the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was continuously exposed to environmentally realistic levels of diuron from the fertilised egg stage to the adult stage. Behavioural evaluation of adult marine medaka indicated that exposure to diuron increased anxiety in the light-dark test and increased predator avoidance. In addition, diuron exposure significantly reduced aggression, social interaction, shoaling, and learning and memory ability. However, only negligible variations in foraging behaviour and in behaviour in the novel tank test were observed. Marine medaka chronically exposed to diuron also showed decreased levels of dopamine in the brain, and changes were observed in the transcription of genes related to dopamine synthesis, degradation and receptors. Exposure to 5000 ng/L diuron caused significant downregulation of the expression of the genes of tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase and significantly upregulated the expression of the genes of the D5 dopaminergic receptor. The relative expression of the D4 dopaminergic receptor was significantly upregulated in the 50, 500 and 5000 ng/L diuron-treated groups. These findings highlight the significant neurotoxic effects of diuron and the extent to which this may involve the dopaminergic system of the brain. More broadly, this study reveals the ecological risk associated with environmentally realistic levels of diuron in marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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10
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Soares KL, Sunyer-Caldú A, Barbosa SC, Primel EG, Fillmann G, Diaz Cruz MS. Rapid and cost-effective multiresidue analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and antifouling booster biocides in marine sediments using matrix solid phase dispersion. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129085. [PMID: 33321282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are many contaminants of concern that need to be accurately determined to help assess their potential environmental hazard. Despite their increasing interest, yet few environmental occurrence data exist, likely because they are present at low levels and in very complex matrices. Therefore, multiresidue analytical methods for their determination need to be highly sensitive, selective, and robust. Particularly, due to the trace levels of these chemicals in the environment, an extensive extraction procedure is required before determination. This work details the development of a fast and cheap vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion-high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (VA-MSPD-HPLC-MS/MS) method for multiresidue determination of 59 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and booster biocides, in sediment. The validated method provided high sensitivity (0.42-36.8 ngg-1 dw quantification limits), wide and good linearity (r2 > 0.999), satisfactory accuracy (60-140%), and precision below 20% for most target analytes. In comparison with previous methods, relying on traditional techniques, the proposed method demonstrated to be more environmentally friendly, cheaper, simpler, and faster. The method was applied to monitor the occurrence of these compounds in sediments collected in Brazil, using only 2 g dw sediment samples, free-solid support, and 5 mL methanol as extraction solvent. The UV filter avobenzone, the UV stabilizer and antifreeze methylbenzotriazole, the preservative methylparaben, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and the biocides irgarol and 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one were determined at concentrations in the range 1.44-69.7 ngg-1 dw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lotz Soares
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18 - 26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- PPG Em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- PPG Em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGQTA-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M Silvia Diaz Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18 - 26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Jesus ÉPSD, Figueirêdo LPD, Maia F, Martins R, Nilin J. Acute and chronic effects of innovative antifouling nanostructured biocides on a tropical marine microcrustacean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111970. [PMID: 33517086 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of innovative antifouling nanostructured biocides DCOIT and silver associated to silica nanocapsules (SiNC) on the tropical microcrustacean Mysidopsis juniae. The toxicity of the tested compounds can be summarized as follows (acute tests): DCOIT > SiNC-Ag > SiNC-DCOIT > SiNC-DCOIT-Ag > SiNC > Ag; (chronic tests): SiNC-Ag > SiNC-DCOIT-Ag > DCOIT > Ag > SiNC, although it was not possible to determine the chronic toxicity of SiNC-DCOIT. In general, our data demonstrated that mysids were more sensitive than most temperate species, and it was possible to conclude that the combination SiNC-DCOIT-Ag showed less acute toxicity in comparison to the isolated active compounds, reinforcing data obtained for species from temperate environments on the potential use of nanomaterial to reduce toxicity to non-target species. However, despite representing less risk to the environment, the compound SiNC-DCOIT-Ag is still very toxic to the non-target tropical mysid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Édipo Paixão Silva de Jesus
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rodon s/n, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Frederico Maia
- Smallmatek - Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto Martins
- CESAM - Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jeamylle Nilin
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, R. Ceará s/n Bloco 2D sala 28, 38405-302, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Castro ÍB, Machado FB, de Sousa GT, Paz-Villarraga C, Fillmann G. How protected are marine protected areas: A case study of tributyltin in Latin America. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111543. [PMID: 33157467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are dedicated and managed to achieve long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. However, few studies have assessed contamination/pollution, one of the top five biodiversity threats, within these areas. In fact, more than 100,000 molecules used in consumer goods are potentially affecting over 250,000 protected areas distributed worldwide. As a result, chemical appraisal within PAs require specific approaches to be feasible. Herein, an approach for assessment of contamination in marine protected areas (MPAs) spread over large continental and/or global areas was proposed and tested using, as a case study, the impact of tributyltin (TBT) within Latin America. This approach included area delimitation, bibliographic survey, construction of attribute tables, data insertion in a Geographic Information System, overlapping with worldwide shapefiles of PAs, identification of affected PAs and evaluation of impacts using the outcomes against specific environmental quality guidelines/directives. A total of 259 records of TBT occurrence and/or its biological effect within 53 marine protected areas (including biosphere reserves, Ramsar sites and National parks) were gathered. Among affected species, were recorded 18 gastropods exhibiting imposex. In addition, 6 bivalves, 1 crustacean, and 3 fish species presenting TBT residues in tissues were seen in MPAs from Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Chile and Venezuela. Since levels of TBT recorded in several studied MPAs were enough do induce deleterious biological responses over marine biota, it was clear that conservancy goals of some "protected" areas are under threat. Considering that only TBT exposure was appraised, and these areas are likely to be concomitantly exposed to other classes of contaminants, the actual scenario can be even more frightening. Although initially applied as a TBT case study, the present approach enables an overview for other chemicals within protected areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Bender Machado
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tavares de Sousa
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - César Paz-Villarraga
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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13
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Sousa GT, Neto MCL, Choueri RB, Castro ÍB. Photoprotection and antioxidative metabolism in Ulva lactuca exposed to coastal oceanic acidification scenarios in the presence of Irgarol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105717. [PMID: 33307389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and the release of hazardous chemicals affect coastal environments and aquatic organisms. We investigated the effects of seawater pH (7.4 and 8.2) isolated and in combination with Irgarol on Ulva lactuca. Stress indicators such as membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide content were assessed. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. The photosynthetic yield was affected by low pH in assays with and without Irgarol. However, the combination of low pH and Irgarol promoted photoinhibition, besides the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and changes in photosynthetic pigment contents. The induction of NPQ was directly influenced by low pH. The membrane damage was increased in low pH with and without Irgarol exposure. Total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents decreased in low pH, and in presence of Irgarol. The H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation were not affected by low pH. In contrast, Irgarol exposure strongly increased lipid peroxidation in both pHs, suggesting a possible synergistic effect. To avoid the harmful effects of high H2O2, U. lactuca increased antioxidant enzyme activities in treatments under low pH and in presence of Irgarol. Our results indicate that U. lactuca is tolerant to low pH by inducing NPQ, changing pigment contents, and increasing antioxidant defenses. In contrast, these protective mechanisms could not avoid the harmful effects of the combination with Irgarol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tavares Sousa
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil; Biosciences Institute, Coastal Campus, State University of São Paulo, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Biosciences Institute, Coastal Campus, State University of São Paulo, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, SP, 11030-400, Brazil.
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14
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Viana JLM, Diniz MDS, Santos SRVD, Verbinnen RT, Almeida MAP, Franco TCRDS. Antifouling biocides as a continuous threat to the aquatic environment: Sources, temporal trends and ecological risk assessment in an impacted region of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139026. [PMID: 32416504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling biocides, such as irgarol and diuron, are commonly used in antifouling paints. Recently, studies carried out in a Brazilian region of ecological concern have warned for extremely high levels of these biocides. So, this work focused on a 4-year (2015-2018) evaluation considering the occurrence, environmental fate, seasonal variations and ecological risk assessment of irgarol and diuron in water and sediment from São Marcos Bay, Brazil, which is an area of international relevance located in the Amazon region. The results showed the ubiquitous presence of antifouling biocides, as well as their wide distribution along the bay. The concentration range of irgarol was between <0.8 and 89.4 ng L-1 in water and between <0.5 and 9.2 ng g-1dw in sediments, whereas diuron showed a range between <1.4 and 22.0 ng L-1 in water and between <2.0 and 15.0 ng g-1dw in sediments. The distribution of the biocides was mainly related to the intense Bay hydrodynamics. The environmental risk assessment showed that irgarol and diuron posed "high risk" to the aquatic biota of São Marcos Bay, exceeding international Environmental Quality Guidelines. The results represent a robust study on the environmental fate of such biocides and intend to be a useful data source for eventual legislation since regulation concerning antifouling substances is necessary for Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Martins Viana
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marta Dos Santos Diniz
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sara Raiane Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raphael Teixeira Verbinnen
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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15
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Jägerbrand AK, Brutemark A, Barthel Svedén J, Gren IM. A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133637. [PMID: 31422318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are several environmental and ecological effects of shipping. However, these are rarely assessed in total in the scientific literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the different impacts of water-based transport on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems and to identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research. The review identified several environmental and ecological consequences within the main impact categories of water discharges, physical impacts, and air emissions. However, although quantitative data on these consequences are generally scarce the shipping contribution to acidification by SOx- and NOx-emissions has been quantified to some extent. There are several knowledge gaps regarding the ecological consequences of, for example, the increasing amount of chemicals transported on water, the spread of non-indigenous species coupled with climate change, and physical impacts such as shipping noise and artificial light. The whole plethora of environmental consequences, as well as potential synergistic effects, should be seriously considered in transport planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika K Jägerbrand
- Calluna AB, Hästholmsvägen 28, SE-131 30 Nacka, Sweden; Department of Construction Engineering and Lighting Science, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Ing-Marie Gren
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Extraction of chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, DCOIT, and TCMTB from fish tissues employing the vortex assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Lin W, Li X, Yang M, Lee K, Chen B, Zhang BH. Brominated Flame Retardants, Microplastics, and Biocides in the Marine Environment: Recent Updates of Occurrence, Analysis, and Impacts. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 81:167-211. [PMID: 30471656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) may pose adverse effects on the marine ecosystem and human health. Based on the analysis of publications filed in recent years, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on three prominent groups of ECs, i.e., brominated flame retardants, microplastics, and biocides. It includes detailed discussions on: (1) the occurrence of ECs in seawater, sediment, and biota; (2) analytical detection and monitoring approaches for these target ECs; and (3) the biological impacts of the ECs on humans and other trophic levels. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field and remaining knowledge gaps to address, to enable the assessment of risk and support the development of regulations and mitigation technologies for the control of ECs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xixi Li
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Min Yang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Baiyu Helen Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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18
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Batista-Andrade JA, Caldas SS, Batista RM, Castro IB, Fillmann G, Primel EG. From TBT to booster biocides: Levels and impacts of antifouling along coastal areas of Panama. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:243-252. [PMID: 29179127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling biocides in surface sediments and gastropod tissues were assessed for the first time along coastal areas of Panama under the influence of maritime activities, including one of the world's busiest shipping zones: the Panama Canal. Imposex incidence was also evaluated in five muricid species distributed along six coastal areas of Panama. This TBT-related biological alteration was detected in three species, including the first report in Purpura panama. Levels of organotins (TBT, DBT, and MBT) in gastropod tissues and surficial sediments ranged from <5 to 104 ng Sn g-1 and <1-149 ng Sn g-1, respectively. In addition, fresh TBT inputs were observed in areas considered as moderate to highly contaminated mainly by inputs from fishing and leisure boats. Regarding booster biocides, TCMTB and dichlofluanid were not detected in any sample, while irgarol 1051, diuron and DCOIT levels ranged from <0.08 to 2.8 ng g-1, <0.75-14.1 ng g-1, and <0.38-81.6 ng g-1, respectively. The highest level of TBT (149 ng Sn g-1) and irgarol 1051 (2.8 ng g-1), as well as relevant level of DCOIT (5.7 ng g-1), were detected in a marina used by recreational boats. Additionally, relatively high diuron values (14.1 ng g-1) were also detected in the Panama Canal associate to a commercial port. DCOIT concentrations were associated with the presence of antifouling paint particles in sediments obtained nearby shipyard or boat maintenance sites. The highest levels of TBT, irgarol 1051, and diuron exceeded international sediment quality guidelines indicating that toxic effects could be expected in coastal areas of Panama. Thus, the simultaneous impacts produced by new and old generations of antifouling paints highlight a serious environmental issue in Panamanian coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir Antonio Batista-Andrade
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Post-graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
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19
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Caldas SS, Soares BM, Abreu F, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G, Primel EG. Antifouling booster biocide extraction from marine sediments: a fast and simple method based on vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7553-7565. [PMID: 29282665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of an analytical method employing vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) for the extraction of diuron, Irgarol 1051, TCMTB (2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole), DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-(2H)-isothiazolin-3-one), and dichlofluanid from sediment samples. Separation and determination were performed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Important MSPD parameters, such as sample mass, mass of C18, and type and volume of extraction solvent, were investigated by response surface methodology. Quantitative recoveries were obtained with 2.0 g of sediment sample, 0.25 g of C18 as the solid support, and 10 mL of methanol as the extraction solvent. The MSPD method was suitable for the extraction and determination of antifouling biocides in sediment samples, with recoveries between 61 and 103% and a relative standard deviation lower than 19%. Limits of quantification between 0.5 and 5 ng g-1 were obtained. Vortex-assisted MPSD was shown to be fast and easy to use, with the advantages of low cost and reduced solvent consumption compared to the commonly employed techniques for the extraction of booster biocides from sediment samples. Finally, the developed method was applied to real samples. Results revealed that the developed extraction method is effective and simple, thus allowing the determination of biocides in sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Meira Soares
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Fiamma Abreu
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Contaminação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama 89, Santos, São Paulo, 11030400, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96201-900, Brazil.
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Environmentally friendly procedure based on VA-MSPD for the determination of booster biocides in fish tissue. Food Chem 2018; 242:475-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Martins SE, Fillmann G, Lillicrap A, Thomas KV. Review: ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:34-52. [PMID: 29250978 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1404036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecological groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs whilst reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Eslava Martins
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
| | - Adam Lillicrap
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- c Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , Coopers Plains , Australia
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