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Wang YH, Feng Z, Wang KW, Osanyintuyi AJ. A new in situ magnetic method to indicate the source and seasonal diffusion of heavy metal contamination at Qingdao Beach, China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106516. [PMID: 38678751 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals from sewage and garbage dumping can seriously impact beach tourism and thus the local economy, but it is difficult to quickly and accurately determine the pollution location and source of heavy metals and clarify their diffusion range. This study investigates a new in situ magnetic testing method to address this issue. (1) The in situ method can be used to effectively and quickly evaluate heavy metal sources and diffusion ranges based on the distribution of κ values. (2) According to chemical experiments, the specific elements polluting a beach can be determined, such as the Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe pollution of Beach No. 3. (3) Although κ values for assessing heavy metal pollution on different beaches vary, metal pollution occurs when the higher κ value is more than 50 times the lower κ value on the same beach. (4) The κ values vary in different seasons due to the influence of natural factors and urban seasonal sewage policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Ceter, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhe Feng
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co., Ltd., Beijing, 10007, China
| | - Kai-Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Abiola John Osanyintuyi
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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2
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Jeyakumar SS, Ponniah JM, Vasudevan J, Muñoz-Sevilla NP, Urrutia-Goyes R, Escobedo-Urias DC, Rodriguez-Espinosa PF. Public views on tourist beach environment from multinational countries and ensuing changes during global epidemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41329-41341. [PMID: 36917386 PMCID: PMC10013292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuous endemic of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus brought a halt to the world's activities from February 2020. Our study intends to gauge public perceptions on the consequences of post-pandemic changes on the marine environment, particularly as they are related to tourist beach amenities. Totally, 16 nations' knowledge and views on various environmental viewpoints over the effects of epidemic were gathered through public polls live on social media during social confinement in 2020. The results indicate that around 85% of respondents were most concerned about the alarming sights of widespread plastic trash and the increase of dangerous biomedical wastes through wastewater in the marine ecosystem. The outcomes of this study will undoubtedly aid in the establishment of a management strategy and for future studies on the consequences of any epidemic on the beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Selvalakshmi Jeyakumar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Muthuswamy Ponniah
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Joshua Vasudevan
- School of Architecture Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Mumfordway, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Norma Patricia Muñoz-Sevilla
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Urrutia-Goyes
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Energía y Mecánica, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui S/N, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolqui, 171103, Ecuador
| | - Diana Cecilia Escobedo-Urias
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Bulevar Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, Colonia San Joachin, C.P.81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Pedro Francisco Rodriguez-Espinosa
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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3
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WeiQiang L, YongHong W, QingHui H. Heavy metal contamination in beach sediments as a result of sewage outlet and waste residue dumping in Qingdao, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114024. [PMID: 35999084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution on beaches due to enhanced human activities has received attention. This study takes four beaches in China as examples to study the characteristics of heavy metal pollution. The results show that most beach sediments have a certain degree of heavy metal accumulation as a result of human activities, except for the sediments of No. 1 beach. The beaches in order of the degree of pollution were No. 3 beach > Shilaoren beach > No. 2 beach > No. 1 beach. Three of the four studied beaches show contamination with As, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. Sewage outlets are the main sources of these pollutants, but the high levels of Zn and Fe are caused by coal cinder dumping at one beach, and the high levels of Ni are due to the coating of fishing boats at another beach. Heavy metal pollution occurs in areas near pollutant sources or at the high or low tide lines due to waves and tides. Heavy metals also diffuse vertically, resulting in contamination at certain depths. The distribution of heavy metals over ten years showed that most of the pollutants on cape-bay beaches are difficult to diffuse outward, which indicates that a special pollutant management plan needs to be developed for such beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang WeiQiang
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wang YongHong
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Huang QingHui
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Impact of tourism activities on the distribution and pollution of soil heavy metals in natural scenic spots on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267829. [PMID: 35895595 PMCID: PMC9328507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities can significantly impact the natural ecosystem. As an important part of terrestrial ecosystems, soil participates in energy and material cycle. With the continuous intensification of human activities, soil undergoes increasingly serious disturbance. Under the influence of global change and human activities, the variability of heavy metals in soil is worthy of further discussion. Taking Lujiaowan and Juhuatai Scenic Spot on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as the research area, this study investigated the concentrations of Pb, As, Zn, Cu and Mn in the soil and analyzed their distribution and pollution levels. Meanwhile, the main sources of soil heavy metals were explored using autocorrelation analysis and principal component analysis. Results showed that the order of the average concentration of heavy metals in the study area was as follows: Mn> Zn> Cu> Pb> As. None of them exceeded the national soil environmental quality level II standard, and the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, and As exceeded the background value of Xinjiang soil, reaching a light pollution level. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soil displayed a regular trend, and a positive correlation was found between disturbance intensity and heavy metal concentration. The geoaccumulation index also showed that the five heavy metals in the study area had lower pollution degree compared with the background value in Xinjiang. The order of potential ecological risk was As > Cu > Pb > Zn > Mn.
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Elumalai V, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP. Mercury pollution on tourist beaches in Durban, South Africa: A chemometric analysis of exposure and human health. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113742. [PMID: 35635878 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that is a major public health concern due to its mobility, stability and toxicity behavior in the environment. In this study Hg concentrations were determined in beach sediment samples (n = 43) collected from the South Durban Coast, South Africa. A human health risk assessment was also carried out to comprehend the potential health effects of incidental ingestion/direct contact with contaminated sediments in a recreational setting. Hg concentrations ranged between 0.62 and 4.88 mg kg-1 dw., exceeding all background and regulatory limits. Numerical values of calculated exposure pathways represented dermal contact with the sediments as one of the potential paths in both adults and children. Hazard Index (HI) values were found to be less than unity signifying no adverse health effects. This study validates the critical need for long-term monitoring of Hg in various scenarios in order to incorporate better public health management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetrimurugan Elumalai
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, Kwa Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - S B Sujitha
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (ESIA), Unidad Ticomán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calz. Ticomán 600, Delg. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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6
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Gu X, Wang Z, Wang J, Ouyang W, Wang B, Xin M, Lian M, Lu S, Lin C, He M, Liu X. Sources, trophodynamics, contamination and risk assessment of toxic metals in a coastal ecosystem by using a receptor model and Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127482. [PMID: 34655879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in coastal ecosystems have posed threats to organisms and human worldwide. This study comprehensively investigated the concentrations, sources, trophodynamics, contamination, and risks of six HMs in the coastal ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, by stable isotope analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo simulation. Overall, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were significantly bio-diluted in the food web, while Cr was significantly biomagnified with a trophic magnification factor of 1.23. In addition, trophodynamics of the six HMs was different among fish, mollusk, and crustacean. Furthermore, detailed transfer pathways of six HMs in the food web including eight trophic levels were different from one another. Bioaccumulation order of the six HMs was Cu > Zn > Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb. Zinc concentrations were the highest in seawater, sediments, and organisms. Anthropogenic sources contributed to 71% for Zn, 31% for Cu and Pb, and 27% for Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment, which was moderately contaminated with moderate ecological risk. However, the human health risk of HMs from eating seafood was relatively low. To protect the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, HM contamination should be further controlled in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zongxing Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ming Xin
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Maoshan Lian
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Buzzi NS, Menéndez MC, Truchet DM, Delgado AL, Severini MDF. An overview on metal pollution on touristic sandy beaches: Is the COVID-19 pandemic an opportunity to improve coastal management? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113275. [PMID: 35090269 PMCID: PMC8759033 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 caused an unprecedented lockdown measures in most countries with consequences on the world society, economy, and sanitary systems. This situation provided an opportunity to identify the effects of human confinement on natural environments, like touristic sandy beaches, which are stressed due to anthropogenic pressures. Based on previous articles about heavy metals sources and levels in these ecosystems, this paper discusses the dynamic of these pollutants and a regulatory scenario associated with COVID-19 sanitation policies. The main findings suggest that 39% of the studies were on Asian sandy beaches, 16% from Europe, while America and Africa with 23% each. Also Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn were the most frequently analyzed metals in sediments and in several cases their concentrations exceed international guidelines assessment. Finally, even though beaches are under several metals inputs, tourism plays a key role in these ecosystems quality. After analyzing the potential indirect effect of COVID-19 measures on metals dynamics, we propose some key recommendations and management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution on sandy tourist beaches. These proposals are useful for decision-makers and stakeholders to improve sandy beach management, mainly those beaches not addressed from a management perspective; and their implementation should be adapted according to the regulations and legislation of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Buzzi
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M C Menéndez
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D M Truchet
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A L Delgado
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Geografía y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 12 de Octubre 1098, B8000CTX Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M D Fernández Severini
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Moodley R, Mahlangeni NT, Reddy P. Determination of heavy metals in selected fish species and seawater from the South Durban Industrial Basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:206. [PMID: 33751252 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The South Durban Industrial Basin (SDIB), South Africa, an economic hub that spans a long coastline, is a disaster management hotspot, which threatens the sustainability of the fishing industry in this region. This study investigated the elemental concentrations in fish and seawater from a mini-ecosystem in the SDIB, to determine if a direct relationship exists between these two matrices, and to assess for metal toxicities. The results showed As and Cr to be above the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) for all fish species (blacktail, karanteen, five finger, mullet, and pompano), while fish from Isipingo Beach exceeded the WHO MPLs for Pb, As, and Cr. Fish did not display signs of metal toxicity indicating either a harmless form of metals or high tolerance levels. Typical concentrations of metals in seawater (mg L-1) at (Isipingo Beach, Cuttings Beach, and Amanzimtoti Beach) were found to be for Al (3, 2.7, and 16.4), As (0.17, 0.11, and 0.19), Cr (0.16, 0.17, and 0.23), Cu (0.15, 0.13, and 0.24), Fe (2.7, 3.45, and 33.9), and Zn (2, 2.1, and 2.12). Except for As, estimated daily intakes, target hazard quotients, and carcinogenic risks indicated no associated health risks due to consumption of the fish from the SDIB. However, due to target hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks for As being above 4 and 0.0001, respectively, fish from the SDIB should be consumed in moderation or not consumed to prevent long-term toxic effects of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Nomfundo T Mahlangeni
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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9
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The Impact of Coastal Geodynamic Processes on the Distribution of Trace Metal Content in Sandy Beach Sediments, South-Eastern Baltic Sea Coast (Lithuania). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sandy coasts are one of the most dynamic spheres; continuously changing due to natural processes (severe weather and rising water levels) and human activities (coastal protection or port construction). Coastal geodynamic processes lead to beach sediment erosion or accumulation. The coast’s dynamic tendencies determine the changes in the volume of beach sediments; grain size; mineralogical; and geochemical composition of sediments. In addition to lithological and mineralogical analysis of sediments, geochemical analysis can provide valuable information about the local and regional patterns of sediment transport, distribution, provenance, and coasts’ conditions. The study aims to assess trace metals’ temporal and spatial distribution determined in the sandy beach sediments along the south-eastern Baltic Sea coast (Lithuania) during 2011–2018. The Lithuanian seacoast is divided into two parts: mainland and spit coast. Our results revealed that the dominant group of elements on the mainland includes Ca–Mg–Mn–Ti and on the Curonian Spit Fe–Pb–As–Co–Cr–Ni–Al, which remain unchanged during the years. The analysis included additional parameters such as beach volume, grain size and sorting, and heavy mineral concentration on the beach. The spatial analysis of trace elements indicated that the trace metal content depends on the coastal processes, but it differs in the mainland and spit sea coast. We identified a higher concentration of trace metals in the erosion-dominated areas in all analysed years on the mainland coast. On the spit coast, the trace metal concentration increased in areas associated with relict coarse sand and where the loading of sediments was active on the beach due to the northward along-shore transport.
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Vetrimurugan E, Jonathan MP, Sarkar SK, Rodríguez-González F, Roy PD, Velumani S, Sakthi JS. Occurrence, distribution and provenance of micro plastics: A large scale quantitative analysis of beach sediments from southeastern coast of South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141103. [PMID: 32795758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) existence, identification and source were investigated by studying a total of 2539 particles in 349 sediment samples from nine different tourist beaches [(Sodwana & Richard Bays; Ballito, Mtunzini, Tugela, Zinkwazi, Ballito (north & south) and Durban north & south)] of southeastern coast of South Africa. They are more abundant in the beaches of the Durban city, followed by the Sodwana & Richards Bays, Ballito and Mtunzini. The black particles prevailed over the blue, white, pink, brown, red and green MPs. Supremacy of MPs in the Durban city is mainly due to the longshore coastal Agulhas current in the South eastern side of African coast aiding the degradation of primary plastics coming both from continent and sea. SEM images provided the evidences of weathering/degrading process through grooves, cracks, deep fissures, sharp edges and layered degradation showing signs of oxidation due to long term exposure in the coastal environment. EDS results suggested presence of elements (i.e. C, -O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Ti, Cu and Zn introduced during the production of plastics as additives. FTIR spectral matches identified from all samples infer polypropylene (PP) (62%), rayon (RY) (17.2%), polycarbonate (PC) (29.8%), nylon (NY) (18.92%), polyester (PES) (31.2%), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (11.21%) and polystyrene (PS) as well as low (28.9%) & high (36.1%) polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Higher abundance of MPs in the beaches of South Africa in comparison with studies around the world emphasizes the need of dispersal monitoring and use of plastic materials/polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vetrimurugan
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S K Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Velumani
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica - SEES, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J S Sakthi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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11
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Krishnakumar S, Vidyasakar A, Anbalagan S, Godson PS, Kasilingam K, Parthasarathy P, Pradhap D, Saravanan P, Hariharan S, Rajkumar A, Neelavannan K, Magesh NS. Bioavailable trace metals and their ecological risks in the tourist beaches of the Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111562. [PMID: 32853841 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of Acid Leachable Trace Metals (ALTMs) was assessed in urbanized tourist beaches (96 samples from Marina beach, 34 samples from Edward Elliot's beach, and 28 samples from Silver beach) of southeast coast of India. The concentration of metals accumulated in the beach sediment was less than the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) background reference values. The mean enrichment of ALTMs in the studied urban tourist beaches showed the following descending order: Marina beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Mn > Co; Edward Elliot's beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Mn > Co > Zn > Cu; Silver beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Mn > Cu > Zn. The ALTMs such as Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn were probably derived from natural weathering and mild anthropogenic influences whereas other metals were derived from anthropogenic induced factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - A Vidyasakar
- Department of Geology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri 636701, India
| | - S Anbalagan
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Prince S Godson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
| | - K Kasilingam
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Parthasarathy
- Department of Geology, A.V.S College of Arts and Science, Salem 636 106, India
| | - D Pradhap
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Saravanan
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - S Hariharan
- Department of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka 585367, India
| | - A Rajkumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - K Neelavannan
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - N S Magesh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India.
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Abstract
Cadmium is a highly-toxic metal, and, its environmental occurrence and human exposure consequently deserve close attention. The insight into the relationships between cadmium and tourism relations has deepened during the past three decades and the research into this relationship is reviewed. For this purpose, 83 relevant publications (mainly articles in international journals) were analyzed. It was found that investigation of Cd in the tourism environment took place in all continents (except Antarctica) and has intensified since the mid-2000s; Chinese researchers are the most active contributors. The Cd occurrence in air, living organisms, sediments, soil, suspended particular matter, water, and of the human environment has been studied. It has become clear that tourism contributes to Cd pollution (particularly, by hotel wastewater and increased traffic), and, vice versa, Cd pollution of beaches, coastal waters, food, urban parks, etc. creates risks for tourists and increases human exposure to this toxic metal. Both mechanisms have received equal attention. Examples concern many places worldwide, with the Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Europe as apparently critical regions. Our significantly incomplete knowledge of the relationships between cadmium and tourism must be ascribed to the common oversimplification of these relationships and to the scarcity or even absence of information supplied by the most important tourist destinations. The present review demonstrates that more studies of heavy metals and, particularly, Cd in the tourism environment are needed.
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Alcala-Orozco M, Barraza-Quiroz D, De la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Environmental risks associated with trace elements in sediments from Cartagena Bay, an industrialized site at the Caribbean. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125173. [PMID: 31698215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cartagena Bay (CB) is an industrialized site in the Caribbean. The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination patterns by trace elements in sediments from CB. Sediment samples from twelve sites in CB, and three at the Grand Marsh of Santa Marta (GMSM), a reference site, were collected during dry and rainy seasons. Forty-four trace elements were evaluated employing ICP-MS, and mercury (Hg) was measured using a Hg analyzer. Most contaminated sites corresponded to stations related to repair and maintenance of ships, with high concentrations of Cr, Cu, As and Cd; as well as in areas where cargo transshipment centers and cruise ship terminals operate, which showed elevated levels of Ba. Stations receiving inputs from petrochemical and fertilizer plants displayed high content of Pb. At the station where an extinct chlor-alkali plant was located, a high total Hg level was found, highlighting its persistence. At least 70% of the samples presented Cr, Cu, and As concentrations that were ≥ Threshold Effect Level, < Probable Effect Level, ≥ Effects Range Low and < Effects Range Medium, suggesting adverse biological effects could occur occasionally. Potential Ecological risk values revealed that only Hg and Cd may generate deleterious effects to the aquatic life. However, with few exceptions, sediment samples from CB can be considered as moderately to heavily contaminated, as shown by the Igeo. In short, the principles of ecosystem-based management should be implemented along Cartagena Bay to guarantee safe levels of trace elements in sediments and a better quality of this estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Maria Alcala-Orozco
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Diana Barraza-Quiroz
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus De la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva ''Atmospheric Pollution'', Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO), University of Huelva, E21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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14
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Vetrimurugan E, Shruti VC, Jonathan MP, Roy PD, Sarkar SK, Rawlins BK, Villegas LEC. Comprehensive study on metal contents and their ecological risks in beach sediments of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110555. [PMID: 31542597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment metal concentrations were assessed in five different beach regions (n = 183) of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province in South Africa. Metal distribution revealed that Cr, Cu, Mo, Cd, Zn, Hg and As exceed the background upper continental crust values suggesting their anthropogenic origin (mining, agricultural and industrial) apart from natural geological inputs (gold placer deposits and heavy minerals). Various geochemical indices (Geoaccumulation index, Enrichment factor and Degree of contamination) confirmed that the sediment samples are extremely contaminated with Cr, Cd and Hg. Further, Hg and Cd were main contributors (60-90%) to the ecological threat in sediments. Hazard index estimated a high hazard potential of Hg in near future. Finally, present study together with our previous results portray the status of KZN coast with special significance to Hg contamination/enrichment. Thus, future researches are recommended to investigate the environmental and human health implications of mercury exposure in this coastal province.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vetrimurugan
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - V C Shruti
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S K Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - B K Rawlins
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Lorena Elizabeth Campos Villegas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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15
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Forján R, Baragaño D, Boente C, Fernández-Iglesias E, Rodríguez-Valdes E, Gallego JR. Contribution of fluorite mining waste to mercury contamination in coastal systems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110576. [PMID: 31546111 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Samples from 13 beaches along the northern Spanish coast, a region with a history of heavy industries, were first screened to identify signs of pollution. High concentrations of Hg and Ba on Vega beach were found, both elements belong to the fluorite ore paragenesis, mined in the surroundings. Samples of beach and fluvial sediments, and nearby soils were collected in Vega beach area to address potential Hg pollution, fate and sources. Most samples showed a similar pollutants fingerprint to that of beach samples, especially those taken from white dunes, registering notable Hg concentrations. Hg was enriched in the finer fractions, and overall the main input was attributed to the mining waste discharged along the coast in the past. Although a specific risk assessment and study of the submerged sediments are advisable for this area, Hg bioavailability and methylation were low, thus indicating that this metal poses a reduced environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Forján
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain; Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Diego Baragaño
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
| | - Carlos Boente
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Iglesias
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Valdes
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
| | - J R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
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16
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Jonathan MP, Rodriguez-Espinosa PF, Sujitha SB, Shruti VC, Martinez-Tavera E. A multi-elemental approach to assess potential contamination in tourist beaches: The case of Loreto Bay (Marine Protected Area), NW Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:729-740. [PMID: 31426215 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal/metalloid concentrations in water sediment and commercial fishes of Loreto Maritime National Park (MNP), Baja California Sur, Mexico were determined for a comprehensive geochemical study. In-situ physical characteristics (pH, conductivity, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, turbidity) of water clearly indicated the unique oceanographic properties of the Gulf of California. Likewise, the distribution pattern of metals/metalloid in water, sediments and fishes denoted the influences of local geology, longshore currents, upwelling process, natural hydrothermal vents and the 100-year old mining activities of Santa Rosalia region, situated to the north of Loreto. Calculated carcinogenic indices in commercial fish species showed safe human consumption. Thus, the present research validates a comprehensive geochemical study of protected areas upholding the need for continuous monitoring for a better conservation of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - P F Rodriguez-Espinosa
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - S B Sujitha
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V C Shruti
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - E Martinez-Tavera
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), 17 sur no. 901, Barrio de Santiago, Puebla C.P. 72410, Puebla Mexico
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17
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Pit IR, van Egmond EM, Dekker SC, Griffioen J, Wassen MJ, van Wezel AP. Ecotoxicological risk of trace element mobility in coastal semiartificial depositional areas near the mouth of the river Rhine, the Netherlands. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2933-2946. [PMID: 30178514 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sand replenishments are globally used as innovative coastal protection measures. In these replenishments elevated porewater concentrations of trace elements are found. The present study investigated possible ecotoxicological risks at 2 intertidal depositional sites, the Sand Engine as a recent innovative Dutch coastal management project and a semiartificial tidal flat. Using the sediment quality triad approach, we considered 3 major lines of evidence: geochemical characterization, toxicity characterization using bioassays with the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator, and ecological field survey. In both depositional areas C. volutator is at risk: moderate (Sand Engine) and low (tidal flat). For tidal flat, the bioavailability of trace elements differs between the field site and the laboratory. Contamination from arsenic and copper is present, but the low survival rate of C. volutator from the bioassay suggests the presence of additional contaminations. The highly morphological dynamic environment of Sand Engine creates a less favorable habitat for C. volutator, where local spots with stagnant water can temporarily create hypoxic conditions and sulfate becomes reduced. The dynamic system mobilizes especially arsenic, triggering adverse ecotoxic effects at low original sediment concentrations. To conclude, the sediment quality triad approach shows that a semiartificial tidal flat is preferred over a highly dynamic coastal management project like the Sand Engine. The Sand Engine concept does not provide suitable conditions for macrobenthos species like C. volutator; therefore, limiting the nature development goal set together with the coastal protection goal. Assessing each line of evidence from the approach together with additional measurements established more precise and realistic conclusions, showing that evaluating the contributions of this method is necessary to understand the causes of risk in a site-specific manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2933-2946. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R Pit
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Management, Science & Technology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Griffioen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- TNO Geological Survey, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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18
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Vetrimurugan E, Shruti VC, Jonathan MP, Roy PD, Rawlins BK, Rivera-Rivera DM. Metals and their ecological impact on beach sediments near the marine protected sites of Sodwana Bay and St. Lucia, South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:568-575. [PMID: 29475699 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A baseline study on metal concentrations in sediments was initiated from the Sodwana Bay and St. Lucia, adjacent to marine protected areas (MPAs) of South Africa. They were analysed to identify the acid leachable metal (ALM) (Fe, Mg, Mn, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg) concentration pattern. Metal distribution in 65 sediment samples exhibits higher abundances of Cr, Mo, Cd and Hg compared to the Upper Continental Crust. We relate the enrichment of these metals to beach placer deposits and activities related to former gold mining. Geochemical indices affirmed that Cr and Hg caused contamination, and Hg posed ~90% harmful effect on the biological community. These beach sediments, however, host lower metal concentrations compared to many worldwide beaches and other beaches in South Africa. This study suggests that it is largely unaffected by human activities, however, the overabundance of Hg demands regular monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vetrimurugan
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, Kwa Dlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
| | - V C Shruti
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 04510, Del. Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - B K Rawlins
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, Kwa Dlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - D M Rivera-Rivera
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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19
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Li F, Mao L, Jia Y, Gu Z, Shi W, Chen L, Ye H. Distribution and risk assessment of trace metals in sediments from Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:855-866. [PMID: 29067609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River estuary (YRE) and Hangzhou Bay (HZB) is of environmental significance because of the negative impact from industrial activities and rapid development of aquaculture on the south bank of HZB (SHZB) in recent years. This study investigated the distribution and risk assessments of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, and Cd) accumulated in surface sediments by sampling in YRE, outer and south HZB. Copper and Zn concentration (avg. 35.4 and 98.7 mg kg-1, respectively) in surface sediments were generally higher than the background suggesting a widespread of Cu and Zn in the coastal area of Yangtze River Delta. High concentrations of Cu (~ 42 mg kg-1), Zn (~ 111 mg kg-1), Cd (~ 0.27 mg kg-1), and Hg (~ 0.047 mg kg-1) were found in inner estuary of YRE and decreased offshore as a result of terrestrial input and dilution effect of total metal contents by "cleaner" sediments from the adjacent sea. In outer HZB, accumulation of terrestrial derived metal has taken place near the Zhoushan Islands. Increase in sediment metal concentration from the west (inner) to the east (outer) of SHZB gave rise to the input of fine-grained sediments contaminated with metals from outer bay. According the results from geoaccumulation index, nearly 75% of samples from YRE were moderately polluted (1.0 < I geo < 2.0) by Cd. Cadmium and Hg contributed for 80~90% to the potential ecological risk index in the YRE and HZB, with ~ 72% sites in HZB under moderate risk (150 ≤ RI < 300) especially near Zhoushan Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lingchen Mao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yubao Jia
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhujun Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Weiling Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Ye
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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20
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Pit IR, Dekker SC, Kanters TJ, Wassen MJ, Griffioen J. Mobilisation of toxic trace elements under various beach nourishments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1063-1074. [PMID: 28915544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To enhance protection and maintain wide beaches for recreation, beaches are replenished with sand: so-called beach nourishments. We compared four sites: two traditional beach nourishments, a mega beach nourishment and a reference without beach nourishment. Two sites contain calcareous-rich sand, whereas the other two sites have calcareous-poor sand. We aimed to understand hydrogeochemical processes to indicate factors critical for the mobility of trace elements at nourishments. We therefore analysed the chemical characteristics of sediment and pore water to ascertain the main drivers that mobilise toxic trace elements. With Dutch Quality Standards for soil and groundwater, the characteristics of sediment and pore water were compared to Target Values (the values at which there is a sustainable soil quality) and Intervention Values (the threshold above which the soil's functions are at risk). The pore water characteristics revealed that Target Values were regularly exceeded, especially for the nourishment sites and mainly for Mo (78%), Ni (24%), Cr (55%), and As (21%); Intervention Values for shallow groundwater were occasionally exceeded for As (2%), Cr (2%) and Zn (2%). The sediment characteristics did not exceed the Target Values and showed that trace elements were mainly present in the fine fraction of <150 μm. The oxidation of sulphide minerals such as pyrite resulted into the elevated concentration for all nourishment sites, especially when an unsaturated zone was present and influence of rainwater was apparent. To prevent trace metal mobility at a mega beach nourishment it is important to retain seawater influences and limit oxidation processes. In this respect, a shoreface nourishment is recommended rather than a mega beach nourishment with a thick unsaturated zone. Consequently, we conclude that whether a site is carbonate-rich or carbonate-poor is unimportant, as the influence of seawater will prevent decalcification, creating a low risk of mobilisation of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R Pit
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias J Kanters
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Griffioen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; TNO Geological Survey, The Netherlands
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