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Ouyang X, Wang Z, Liu X. Distribution patterns, risk assessment and potential sources of heavy metals in sediment in the Qiongzhou Strait, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116481. [PMID: 38733891 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment and pollutant source analysis are crucial tools for the management and protection of coastal ecosystems. The distribution patterns, risk assessment, and potential sources of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb) in surface sediment were analyzed in the Qiongzhou Strait, China, in summer and autumn of 2022. Heavy metals in autumn showed higher ecological risk than that in summer. Seasonal shifts in ocean currents may result in variations in heavy metal accumulation and dispersion. Cd and Hg were the priority heavy metals found, and according to the Positive Matrix Factorization results, the study area contains five sources of pollution, with natural sources, shipping-related activities, and industrial activities being the primary contributors. This study indicated that pollutants from adjacent areas should be considered for managing the environmental quality of Qiongzhou Strait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Ouyang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoshou Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Wang L, Liang H, Wang S, Sun D, Li J, Zhang H, Yuan Y. Estimating four-decadal variations of seagrass distribution using satellite data and deep learning methods in a marine lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170936. [PMID: 38360328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that inhabit shallow coastal and estuarine waters and serve vital ecological functions in marine ecosystems. However, seagrass ecosystems face the looming threat of degradation, necessitating effective monitoring. Remote-sensing technology offers significant advantages in terms of spatial coverage and temporal accessibility. Although some remote sensing approaches, such as water column correction, spectral index-based, and machine learning-based methods, have been proposed for seagrass detection, their performances are not always satisfactory. Deep learning models, known for their powerful learning and vast data processing capabilities, have been widely employed in automatic target detection. In this study, a typical seagrass habitat (Swan Lake) in northern China was used to propose a deep learning-based model for seagrass detection from Landsat satellite data. The performances of UNet and SegNet at different patch scales for seagrass detection were compared. The results showed that the SegNet model at a patch scale of 16 × 16 pixels worked well, with validation accuracy and loss of 96.3 % and 0.15, respectively, during training. Evaluations based on the test dataset also indicated good performance of this model, with an overall accuracy >95 %. Subsequently, the deep learning model was applied for seagrass detection in Swan Lake between 1984 and 2022. We observed a noticeable seasonal variation in germination, growth, maturation, and shrinkage from spring to winter. The seagrass area decreased over the past four decades, punctuated by intermittent fluctuations likely attributed to anthropogenic activities, such as aquaculture and construction development. Additionally, changes in landscape ecology indicators have demonstrated that seagrass experiences severe patchiness. However, these problems have weakened recently. Overall, by combining remote sensing big data with deep learning technology, our study provides a valuable approach for the highly precise monitoring of seagrass. These findings on seagrass area variation in Swan Lake offer significant information for seagrass restoration and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hanwei Liang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Deyong Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yibo Yuan
- Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China
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Xu S, Kaldy JE, Zhang X, Yue S, Suonan Z, Zhou Y. Comparison of metals in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and the environment across the North Pacific Ocean: Environmental processes drive source delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123096. [PMID: 38070647 PMCID: PMC11025321 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds play a critical role in biodiversity maintenance, serving as nursery habitats for fisheries, and aiding in carbon and sediment sequestration in the ecosystem. These habitats receive dissolved and particulate material inputs, like nutrients and heavy metals, affecting both plant health and the ecosystem. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), sediments, and water were randomly collected at twenty sites along the temperate North Pacific coasts of Asia and North America to assess heavy metals concentrations (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). This aimed to understand heavy metal distribution and accumulation patterns in eelgrass tissues, revealing crucial factors influencing metal accumulation. The sampling included various areas, from pristine marine reserves to human-influenced zones, covering industrial, agricultural, and aquaculture regions, enabling a thorough analysis. This study's uniqueness lies in comparing heavy metal distributions in eelgrass tissues with sediments, uncovering unique accumulation patterns. Aboveground eelgrass tissues mainly accumulated Cd, Zn, and Cu, while belowground tissues stored Cr and Pb. Aboveground eelgrass tissues proved reliable in indicating Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments. However, the correlation between Cu, Zn, and Cr in eelgrass tissues and environmental concentrations seemed less direct, requiring further investigation into factors affecting metal accumulation in seagrass. Human activities are probable major contributors to heavy metal presence in Asian marine environments, whereas oceanographic processes serve as primary metal sources in North American Pacific estuaries. Critical discoveries emphasize the necessity for ongoing research on phytotoxic thresholds and in-depth studies on the complex connections between seagrass physiology and environmental metal concentrations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for evaluating the broader impact of heavy metal pollution on coastal ecosystems and developing effective conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - James E Kaldy
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US EPA, 2111 SE Marine Science Center Dr., Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Buson, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Nzabanita D, Mulder RA, Lettoof DC, Grist S, Hampton JO, Hufschmid J, Nugegoda D. Interactions Between Heavy Metal Exposure and Blood Biochemistry in an Urban Population of the Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) in Australia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:178-186. [PMID: 38383776 PMCID: PMC10904524 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the threat posed to wildlife by pollutants. Waterbirds are robust bioindicators of ecosystem health, and metal toxicity is a threat to these species in waterways worldwide. Urban waterbirds are likely to be at the highest risk of heavy metal exposure, but this issue has not been widely explored in Australia. Our aim was to estimate contemporary heavy metal exposure in a sedentary urban waterbird population: black swans (Cygnus atratus) inhabiting an inner-city wetland in one of Australia's largest cities, Melbourne. To investigate the physiological implications of legacy heavy metal exposure in these birds, we quantified blood biochemistry profiles and examined their relationships with metal concentrations in feathers. We caught 15 swans in 2021 and took feather samples to measure the concentration of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)), and blood samples to measure the concentration of 13 plasma analytes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed few associations between heavy metals and biochemistry markers, and no differences between sexes or age classes. This study presents a baseline dataset of these contaminants and blood biochemical profiles of swans at this wetland that can be used for future monitoring and is an important step toward a better understanding of the threat posed by heavy metals to Australian urban waterbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Nzabanita
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Damian C Lettoof
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Stephen Grist
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Jordan O Hampton
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Jasmin Hufschmid
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
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5
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Yang X, Zhang X, Zhang P, Bidegain G, Dong J, Hu C, Li M, Zhang Z, Guo H. Ensemble habitat suitability modeling for predicting optimal sites for eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the tidal lagoon ecosystem: Implications for restoration and conservation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117108. [PMID: 36584472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass systems are in decline, mainly due to anthropogenic pressures and ongoing climate change. Implementing seagrass protection and restoration measures requires accurate assessment of suitable habitats. Commonly, such assessments have been performed using single-algorithm habitat suitability models, nearly always based on low environmental resolution information and short-term species data series. Here we address eelgrass (Zoostera marina) meadows' large-scale decline (>80%) in Shandong province (Yellow Sea, China) by developing an ensemble habitat model (EHM) to inform eelgrass conservation and restoration strategies in the Swan Lake (SL). For this, we applied a weighted EHM derived from ten single-algorithm models including profile, regression, classification, and machine learning methods to generate a high-resolution habitat suitability map. The EHM was constructed based on the predictive performances of each model, by combining a series of present-absent eelgrass datasets from recent years coupled with oceanographic and sediment data. The model was cross-validated with independent historical datasets, and a final habitat suitability map for conservation and restoration was generated. Our EHM scheme outperformed all single models in terms of habitat suitability, scoring ∼0.95 for both true statistic skill (TSS) and area under the curve (AUC) performance criteria. Machine learning methods outperformed profile, regression and classification methods. Regarding model explanatory variables, overall, topographic characteristics such as depth (DEP) and seafloor slope (SSL) are the most significant factors determining the distribution of eelgrass. The EHM predicted that the overlapping area was almost 90% of the current eelgrass habitat. Using results from our EHM, a LOESS regression model for the relationship of the habitat suitability to both the biomass and density of Z. marina outperformed better than the classic Ordinary Least Squares regression model. The EHM is a promising tool for supporting eelgrass protection and restoration areas in temperate lagoons as data availability improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Peidong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gorka Bidegain
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo s/n, 48013, Bilbao, Spain; Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Jianyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengye Hu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Min Li
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
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Mukherjee A, Pal S, Das P, Mukhopadhyay SK. Heavy metal exposure to a migratory waterfowl, Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), in two peri-urban wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158238. [PMID: 36002093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the heavy metal exposure risk model was employed to assess the exposure risk to a predominantly herbivore waterfowl, Northern Pintail, wintering in two wetland habitats in the Purulia district of West Bengal, located on overlapping Central Asian Flyway (CAF) and East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). Both wetlands were important staging and roosting grounds for migratory waterfowl for ages. The exposure model was used to quantify the risk of exposure to metals through oral ingestion. Exposure doses of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr through food plants ingestion and food-associated sediment consumption pathways were two potent sources of heavy metal exposure in the waterfowl under study. Exposure through water intake was ignored as metals were either of negligible concentrations or below the detection limit in water samples. Heavy metal concentrations showed significant positive correlations between bottom sediment and plant at both sites. At Purulia Sahebbandh (Site 1), the total exposure dose of all four metals was much higher than their conforming tolerable daily intake (TDI), and thereby, the metals might pose threats to the migratory wintering herbivorous waterfowl populations. However, in Adra Sahebbandh (Site 2), total exposure doses of Pb, Zn and Cu were much below their corresponding TDI. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) of Cr was highest followed by nonessential toxic Pb and these two elements could be considered as priority pollutants at Site 1. Prioritize threats were decreased in the following sequence: Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn at Site 1 and Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu at Site 2. Hazard Index was found to be >5 at Site 1 and for much higher metal loads a significant correlation between metal concentrations in plants, bottom sediment and exposure doses were also recorded. Therefore, the peri-urban Purulia Sahebbandh wetland could immediately be considered for risk control and demanded holistic management of important waterfowl habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajyoti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Ecotechnology Project Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Sudin Pal
- Ecotechnology Project Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Kolkata 700098, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Ecotechnology Project Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Kolkata 700098, India
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Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yue S, Zhang X, Liu M, Sun L, Jia X, Zhou Y. Multi-leveled insights into the response of the eelgrass Zostera marina L to Cu than Cd exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157057. [PMID: 35780896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet; seagrass colonize the coastal waters where heavy metal pollution is a serious problem. In this study, the toxic effects of copper and cadmium in the eelgrass Zostera marina L. were observed at the individual, subcellular, physiologically biochemical, and molecular levels. Both Cu and Cd stress significantly inhibited the growth and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm); and high temperature increased the degree of heavy metal damage, while low temperatures inhibited damage. The half-effect concentration (EC50) of eelgrass was 28.9 μM for Cu and 2246.8 μM for Cd, indicating Cu was much more toxic to eelgrass than Cd. The effect of Cu and Cd on photosynthesis was synergistic. After 14 days of enrichment, the concentration of Cu in leaves and roots of Z. marina was 48 and 37 times higher than that in leaf sheath, and 14 and 11 times higher than that in rhizome; and the order of Cd concentration in the organs was root > leaf > rhizome > sheath. Heavy metal uptake mainly occurred in the organelles, and Cd enrichment also occurred to a certain extent in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome results showed that a number of photosynthesis-related KEGG enrichment pathways and GO terms were significantly down-regulated under Cd stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic system of eelgrass was severely damaged at the transcriptome level, which was consistent with the significant inhibition of Fv/Fm and leaf yellowing. Under Cu stress, the genes related to glutathione metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, together with the increased autioxidant enzyme activity of GSH-PX. In addition, the results of recovery experiment indicated that the damage caused by short-term Cd and Cu stress under EC50 was reversible. These results provide heavy metal toxic effects at multiple levels and information relating to the heavy metal resistance strategies evolved by Z. marina to absorb and isolate heavy metals, and highlight the phytoremediation potential of this species especially for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Public Tech-Supporting Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoping Jia
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Li Liu, Gao L, Liu X, Li W, Zhang J, Cao L, Du C. Diet and feeding ecology of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) and Tundra Swan (C. columbianus) at the Yellow River Wetland of Baotou in Spring Season. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Rutkowska M, Falandysz J, Saba M, Szefer P, Misztal-Szkudlińska M, Konieczka P. A method for the analysis of methylmercury and total Hg in fungal matrices. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5261-5272. [PMID: 35779096 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an efficient method for the determination of monomethyl-mercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) content in materials such as fungal sporocarps and sclerotia. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) with the assigned values of MeHg and THg as well as the control materials (dried mushrooms) with known content of THg were evaluated for method validation. Recovery of MeHg from reference materials was at the following levels: from tuna fish at 87.0 ± 2.3% (THg at 101.9 ± 1.2%), from fish protein at 99.4 ± 1.3% (THg at 92.70 ± 0.41%), and from dogfish liver at 96.45 ± 0.73%. Recovery of THg from the fungal control material CS-M-5 was at 104.01 ± 0.60% (contribution of MeHg in THg content was at 6.2%), from CS-M-4 at 101.1 ± 2.0% (contribution at 3.2%), from CS-M-3 at 100.55 ± 0.67% (contribution at 0.6%), and from CS-M-2 at 101.5 ± 2.7% (contribution at 3.7%). The content of MeHg in randomly selected wild fungi and their morphological parts was in the range from 0.006 to 0.173 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw). In the case of THg, the concentration values were in the range from 0.0108 to 10.27 mg kg-1 dw. The MeHg content in the control materials with the assigned THg values was determined. Since the control materials play an important role in all elements of the quality assurance system of measurement results, they can be used to analyse MeHg as the first control material for fungi. KEY POINTS: • An extraction procedure for MeHg analysis in fungi was developed and optimized. • Recovery of MeHg from the certified reference non-fungal materials was > 87%. • Fungal control materials with assigned THg concentration can serve also for MeHg analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Główny Inspektorat Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych, Laboratorium Specjalistyczne w Gdyni, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 8/12, Gdynia, 81-378, Poland
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Spring diet and energy intake of whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264528. [PMID: 35226691 PMCID: PMC8884505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China, is an essential migration station and a source of energy for migratory birds as it is located at an important intersection between East Asian/Australian and Central Asian flyways. From February to may 2020, we measured diet composition and energy content of whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) by fecal micro-tissue analysis to understand their use of the stopover site and inform conservation. The following results were obtained: (1) whooper swans mainly fed on nine species of plants belonging to four families, including corn (Zea mays), reeds (Phragmites australis), and Suaeda (Suaeda glauca), which is related to the availability of local crops and abundance of plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to whooper swans was significantly higher than that of the most abundant plants in wetlands. Zea mays was the most consumed crop, and other abundant wetland plants played complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of whooper swans was 1393.11 kJ, which was considerably higher than their daily energy consumption. This suggested that the wetlands and the surrounding farmlands provide energy for the whooper swans to continue their migration. In order to protect migratory whooper swans, protection of important refuelling areas such as our study site should be implemented to provide sufficient energy supplies for continuing migration.
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Li BH, Liu CY, Deng X, Wang KK, Han L, Huang YH, Li X, Cai WJ. Responses of the marine carbonate system to a green tide: A case study of an Ulva prolifera bloom in Qingdao coastal waters. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 110:102133. [PMID: 34887011 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental nuisance, Ulva prolifera green tides have occurred annually in the southern Yellow Sea since 2007. While it is expected that high levels of biological activity during these blooms can alter seawater carbonate chemistry, there has been little research on the responses of marine carbonate system to green tides. Here, the effects of the bloom on the carbonate system were examined on three cruises in June, July, and September, corresponding to the early-, late-, and after-bloom periods of the U. prolifera bloom in Qingdao coastal waters in 2018. Among these three stages, the pH (National Bureau of Standards scale), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) were all affected by bloom, with the highest pH and lowest DIC and TA concentrations of the surface seawater occurring at the late-bloom stage. While pCO2 continuously increased from the beginning to the end of the bloom. TA increased by ∼40 μmol kg-1 between the early- and after-bloom periods likely due to the shifts in the carbonate system equilibrium caused by increased CO32- concentrations and the organic matter released by U. prolifera during decomposition. Compared to nearby areas with no U. prolifera bloom, the green tide, along with increasing temperature, reduced the pH and DIC but increased the TA and pCO2. This large-scale bloom also turned the coastal waters from being an atmospheric CO2 sink to a strong source, with the estimation of air-sea CO2 fluxes about 1.69 ± 1.70, 2.28 ± 1.16, and 7.44 ± 5.84 mmol m-2 d-1 during the early-, late-, and after-bloom periods, respectively. This bloom event also promoted the formation of CaCO3 and was an important source of low molecular weight organic acids. These new findings provide nuances for the current conversations on the role of biological processes in modulating marine carbonate system and the contribution of organic matter to alkalinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Han Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xue Deng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ke-Ke Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Huan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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Yao T, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Yan P, Li C, de Boer WF. Bird's feather as an effective bioindicator for detection of trace elements in polymetallic contaminated areas in Anhui Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144816. [PMID: 33545476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, especially because of trace metals, seriously affects ecological safety, and bird feathers are often used as bioindicators to monitor this risk in various environments. However, the feasibility of feathers as bioindicators for trace metals in polymetallic contaminated areas has not been extensively studied. In this study, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify and compare the contents of nine trace metal(loid)s (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) among soil, plants, insects and birds (feathers and internal tissues) sampled in the mining area of Tongling, a polymetallic contaminated area in Anhui Province, eastern China. We detected significant trace metal pollution in the abiotic and biotic materials. The contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in feathers differed among bird species and among sampling sites, with higher contents often recorded in tree sparrows (Passer montanus). The metal(loid)s V, Mn, Co, Zn, and As had higher contents in feathers than in internal tissues including heart, liver, kidneys, muscles and bones. The contents of some elements in feathers were positively correlated with those in internal tissues, for example, Co, As, and Cd in the heart, V and Co in the kidneys, Cd in the liver, Pb in bones, and As in muscles. Furthermore, the contents of V, Cr, As and Pb in feathers were higher than those in other biomaterials, implying an increasing trend from plants, insects, and feathers. Our study indicates that bird feathers can be used as effective, non-destructive bioindicators to monitor trace metal(loid) pollution, especially for V, Co, As, Cd and Pb, in polymetallic contaminated areas, providing reliable information for ecological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159, Longpan Road, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, No. 1, Beijing East Road, 241000 Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, 230601 Hefei, China.
| | - Willem F de Boer
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Hu C, Shui B, Yang X, Wang L, Dong J, Zhang X. Trophic transfer of heavy metals through aquatic food web in a seagrass ecosystem of Swan Lagoon, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143139. [PMID: 33138994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Swan Lagoon is a national nature reserve and an important spawning ground in China. In this study, we evaluated the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in different aquatic organisms (aquatic plants, crustaceans, mollusks, and fish), in order to examine their trophic transfer in food web. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were considerably higher in mollusks, whereas Cr concentrations were significantly higher in aquatic plants than in mollusks, crustaceans, and fish (p < 0.01). Heavy metals exhibit different patterns of trophic transfer in food web. Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb tended to be efficiently biodiluted with increasing trophic levels in food web (trophic magnification factor, TMF < 1; p < 0.05). The concentration of Zn increased with increasing trophic level; however, it exhibited a TMF of only 1.03, and was not significantly correlated with δ15N (p > 0.05), indicating neither biomagnification or biodilution in the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Hu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bonian Shui
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linlong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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14
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Eugenol influences the expression of messenger RNAs for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. ZYGOTE 2021; 29:301-306. [PMID: 33597054 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199420000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol on growth, viability, antrum formation and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. To this end, bovine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and in the laboratory the follicles were isolated from the ovarian cortex. The follicles were then cultured in TCM-199+ alone or supplemented with different concentrations of eugenol (0.5, 5.0 and 50.0 μM). Follicular diameters and antrum formation were evaluated on days 0, 6, 12 and 18. Viability analysis was performed using calcein and ethidium homodimer. Real-time PCR was used to quantify mRNA levels for SOD, CAT, GPX1 and PRDX6 in cultured follicles. Follicular diameters and mRNA levels in follicles cultured in vitro were compared using analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while follicular survival and antrum formation were compared using the chi-squared test (P < 0.05). The results showed that secondary follicles cultured with eugenol maintained similar morphology and viability to follicles cultured in the control group. A progressive increase in follicular diameter was observed between days 0 and 12 for all treatments, except for follicles cultured with 50 µM eugenol. Eugenol (5.0 and 50.0 μM) increased mRNA levels for GPX1 in cultured follicles, but 0.5 μM eugenol reduced mRNA levels for SOD. The addition of eugenol did not influence mRNA expression for CAT and PRDX6. In conclusion, eugenol supplementation reduces mRNA levels for SOD and increases mRNA levels of GPX1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro.
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15
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Du B, Yin R, Fu X, Li P, Feng X, Maurice L. Use of mercury isotopes to quantify sources of human inorganic mercury exposure and metabolic processes in the human body. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106336. [PMID: 33360410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathways of human mercury (Hg) exposure are complex and accurate understanding of relative contributions from different pathways are crucial for risk assessment and risk control. In this study, we determined total Hg concentration and Hg isotopic composition of human urine, dietary components, and inhaled air in the Wanshan Hg mining area (MA), Guiyang urban area (UA), and Changshun background area (BA) to understand Hg exposure sources and metabolic processes in human body. At the three studied sites, total gaseous mercury (TGM) showed negative δ202Hg (-3.11‰ to + 1.12‰) and near-zero Δ199Hg (-0.16‰ to + 0.13‰), which were isotopically distinguishable from Hg isotope values of urine (δ202Hg: -4.02‰ to - 0.84‰; Δ199Hg: -0.14‰ to 0.64‰). We observed an offset of -1.01‰ to -1.6‰ in δ202Hg between TGM and urine samples, and an offset of -1.01‰ to 0.80‰ in δ202Hg between rice and urine samples, suggesting that lighter isotopes are more easily accumulated in the kidneys and excreted by urine. We proposed that the high positive Δ199Hg in urine samples of UA was derived from fish consumption. The results of a binary mixing model based on Δ199Hg were compared with those from a classic dietary model. The results from the MIF binary model showed that fish consumption accounted for 22% of urine Hg in the families at UA, whereas fish consumption contributed limited Hg to MA and BA. This study highlighted that Hg isotopes can be a useful tracer in understanding the sources and fates of Hg in human bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; College of Environmental Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31400, France
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16
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Zhao P, Liu S, Zhou Y, Lynch T, Lu W, Zhang T, Yang H. Estimating animal population size with very high-resolution satellite imagery. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:316-324. [PMID: 32839996 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Very high-resolution (VHR) satellite sensors can be used to estimate the size of animal populations, a critical factor in wildlife management, and acquire animal spatial distributions in an economical, easy, and precise way. We developed a method for satellite population size estimation that includes a noninvasive photogrammetry, from which the animal's average orthographic area is calculated, and an imagery interpretation method that estimates population size based on the ratio of an observed animal population area to the average individual area. As a proof of concept, we used this method to estimate the population size of Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in a national nature reserve in China. To reduce errors, the reserve was subdivided into regions of interest based on locations of Whooper Swan and background brightness. Estimates from the satellite pixels were compared with manual counts made over 2 years, at 3 locations, and in 3 land-cover types. Our results showed 1124 Whooper Swans occupied a national nature reserve on 15 February 2013, and the average percent error was 3.16% (SE = 1.37). These results demonstrate that our method produced robust data for population size estimation that were indistinguishable from manual count data. Our method may be used generally to estimate population sizes of visible and gregarious animals that exhibit high contrast relative to their environments and may inform estimations of populations in complex backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- National Marine Data & Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- National Marine Data & Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tim Lynch
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Wenhu Lu
- National Marine Data & Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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17
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Li H, Jiang W, Pan Y, Li F, Wang C, Tian H. Occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water, sediment, and organisms from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111906. [PMID: 33321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), water, sediment, and organisms were sampled from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula (Yellow Sea, China) across all four seasons in 2016. There were three OCP hotspots in the sediment, mainly caused by the transportation of lindane and dicofol from adjacent Swan Lake and Guhe River. Waterborne OCP levels were highest in winter and lowest in spring, without vertical variability, suggesting that the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass was governing the spatio-temporal distribution of OCPs in seawater. There was substantial accumulation of HCHs and DDTs in organisms via sediment, as indicated by the relatively low fraction of sedimental fugacity, high bio-sediment accumulation factor, and a positive linear correlation between logΣHCHs and trophic level. This is the first study that has focused on the accumulation of OCPs in entire sediment-seawater-organism system involving multi-phyla of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administrator, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yulong Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Fujuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
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18
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Xu S, Wang P, Wang F, Liu P, Liu B, Zhang X, Yue S, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. In situ Responses of the Eelgrass Zostera marina L. to Water Depth and Light Availability in the Context of Increasing Coastal Water Turbidity: Implications for Conservation and Restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582557. [PMID: 33384702 PMCID: PMC7769823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating losses of seagrass meadows has led to efforts to restore these highly productive and beneficial ecosystems globally. Depth and light availability are critical determinants of seagrass restoration success. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) is the dominant seagrass species in the temperate northern hemisphere, but its global distribution has reduced dramatically. The main aims of this study were to determine: (1) the depth limit for Z. marina survival in Ailian Bay, north China, and (2) how light availability affects the growth and recruitment of Z. marina as a basis for identifying a suitable depth range for successful restoration. To achieve these aims, Z. marina shoots were transplanted from a nearby donor site, Swan Lake, to an experimental site, Ailian Bay, and the temporal responses of Z. marina shoots to light availability at water depths ranging from 1 to 8 m were investigated using in situ suspended cultures. Four suspended shoot transplantation experiments were conducted in 4 years. The results showed that the transplanted Z. marina shoots could survive and branch during an annual growth cycle, permanently underwater, at a depth ≤3 m. Due to the local turbidity of the waters in Ailian Bay, a depth of 4 m led to sufficient light deprivation (reduced to 6.48-10.08% of surface irradiance) to negatively affect seagrass shoot density and clonal reproduction. In addition, reproductive shoot density also tended to decline with water depth and light deprivation. Our results indicated that Z. marina population recruitment, through sexual and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction, were negatively affected by increasing water depth and light deprivation. These findings may provide a suitable depth range for the successful restoration of Z. marina in local coastal waters. They may also be applied to the management and restoration of Z. marina globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Xu S, Wang P, Zhou Y, Wang F, Zhang X, Gu R, Xu S, Yue S, Zhang Y, Suonan Z. Sheaths of Zostera marina L. as ecological indicators of shoot length and the elemental stoichiometry of aboveground tissues. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111545. [PMID: 32891962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given a large quantity of epiphytes and other material attached on eelgrass leaf blades, we explored the relationship between eelgrass sheaths and different-aged leaf blades (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th leaf blade) on nutrient content and their ratios (C, N, P, C/N, C/P, and N/P) to identify whether eelgrass sheaths could be used to instead of leaf blades in terms of nutrient content. In addition, we explored the relationship between eelgrass sheath length and shoot length. Results showed that there were significant relationships between the sheath and leaf blades in terms of N and P content and their ratios. For length analysis, there was a significant relationship between sheath length and shoot length, and shoot length was approximately four to five times (mean 4.4659) longer than sheath length, such that shoot length can be estimated by sheath length. These significant relationships suggest that eelgrass sheath could be used as a suitable predictor of leaf blade in length and nutrient stoichiometry, thus eelgrass sheath could be used as an indicator for further eelgrass nutrient monitoring and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Buson 46241, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang F, Nishijima W, Uchida Y, Umehara A, Nakai S, Kasamo K, Shiraki Y. Impact of eelgrass bed recovery and expansion on phytoplankton growth through nutrient competition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:109898. [PMID: 31941639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eelgrass beds are highly productive and support diverse faunal assemblages; they also take in nutrients from the water and prevent excessive phytoplankton growth in eutrophic coastal waters through the reduction of available nutrients. Despite its importance, the global distribution of eelgrass has declined worldwide. In eutrophic areas with high chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentrations, natural recovery of eelgrass beds after eutrophication is possible. To facilitate this, sufficient water clarity can be reached after a large enough decrease in phytoplankton concentration. In this study, we proposed a novel indicator for the maximum possible Secchi depth (MPSD), defined as the Secchi depth when the Chl.a concentration is equal to a reference Chl.a concentration. We applied the MPSD to evaluate water clarity improvements through the reduction of terrigenous anthropogenic nutrient loading. We found that phytoplankton did not control water clarity in the study area, which was instead controlled by background factors. Therefore, improvements in water clarity would not be expected after reducing terrigenous anthropogenic nutrient loading. The habitat of Zostera marina is determined by light availability, so we investigated a potential area with ≥20% surface irradiance and Z. marina existed in 27% of it (100 of 373 ha). The maximum further recovery of eelgrass by Secchi depth improvements to the MPSD was estimated at 36 ha. The impact of eelgrass recovery and expansion on phytoplankton growth from May to September was evaluated by a mathematical model under two scenarios: the current eelgrass distribution (100 ha) and potential maximum eelgrass distribution (373 ha). A Chl.a decrease of 1.0-3.0 μg l-1 from 4.0 to 7.0 μg l-1 was achieved in an area from May to July, and the improvement decreased with time. These evaluation methods and findings could help us gain a better understanding of the nutrient management in seagrass-vegetated semi-enclosed seas subjected to anthropogenic nutrient input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishijima
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8513, Japan.
| | - Yota Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Akira Umehara
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kenki Kasamo
- Ecoh Corporation, 2-6-4 Kita-Ueno, Taito-Ku, Tokyo, 110-0014, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shiraki
- Ecoh Corporation, 2-6-4 Kita-Ueno, Taito-Ku, Tokyo, 110-0014, Japan
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21
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Liu L, Du C, Sun Y, Liu J, Pu Z, Liu X. Trace element distribution in tissues and risk of exposure of ruddy shelduck wintering in Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6429-6437. [PMID: 31873889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Nanhaizi Wetland (NHZW) is a significant part of the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland Park in China, an important migration station and habitat for waterfowl. The Yellow River receives a significant amount of industrial and agricultural wastewater. Therefore, the environmental quality of NHZW directly affects the survival of migratory birds in the Baotou region. We aimed to determine the trace element distribution in tissues and risk of exposure in ruddy shelduck and to provide a scientific basis for bird protection and an environmental quality assessment for the NHZW. In January 2018, we collected water, soil, and 18 dead ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (nine males and nine females) from the NHZW. We measured concentrations of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, and As) in the specimens and modeled the risk of exposure to trace elements. Trace element concentration was greatest in feathers, followed by the kidneys, liver, and muscle, in descending. There was no significant difference in trace element accumulation between sexes. Exposure doses of Hg in water; Cr, Pb, and Cu in soil; and Pb, Cu, and Hg in corn were higher than the tolerable daily intake and may adversely affect ruddy shelduck. The calculated hazard quotients (HQ) for trace elements were ranked as follows: Hg > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > As, where Hg and Cr were at high risk levels (HQ > 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Du
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Pu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, No. 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Xu S, Xu S, Zhou Y, Zhao P, Yue S, Song X, Zhang X, Gu R, Wang P, Zhang Y. Single beam sonar reveals the distribution of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. and threats from the green tide algae Chaetomorpha linum K. in Swan-Lake lagoon (China). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:611-623. [PMID: 31590831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are declining at alarming rates globally due to both anthropogenic activities and natural threats. Seagrasses play key ecological roles in coastal ecosystems as primary producers and providers of habitat and environmental structure. Therefore, mapping seagrass beds is indispensable for the effective monitoring and management of coastal vegetated habitats. In contrast to direct sampling techniques and optical remote sensing, active hydroacoustic techniques are relatively inexpensive and efficient for the detection of seagrass. We used a single beam echosounder to detect the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in an important overwintering habitat for the whooper swan Cygnus cygnus (Swan-Lake lagoon), northern China. We also distinguished echograms of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum K. and outlined its threat to seagrass. We also propose a method for calculating the accuracy of interpolation analyses. Results showed that: (1) The distribution of seagrass in Swan Lake varies with seasons, with maximum distribution area in summer. The maximum distribution area of seagrass beds in Swan Lake was 199.09 ha-231.67 ha, accounting for 41.48%-48.26% of the area of Swan Lake; (2) C. linum is a growing threat for seagrass beds of Swan-lake, with distribution area as high as 129.28 ha in May 2018. The invasion and competition by C. linum against seagrass beds could be one of the reasons for the decline in seagrass beds in Swan-Lake; (3) Topo to Raster has the highest interpolation accuracy and is the most conservative among three interpolation methods. Topo to Raster was the most suitable interpolation method for the sonar detection of seagrass beds. The findings may facilitate the application of sonar technology in seagrass monitoring and provide data for the formulation of appropriate seagrass bed management and restoration strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiliang Wang
- Weihai Hongrun Marine S&T Co., LTD, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Hu C, Yang X, Gao L, Zhang P, Li W, Dong J, Li C, Zhang X. Comparative analysis of heavy metal accumulation and bioindication in three seagrasses: Which species is more suitable as a bioindicator? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:41-48. [PMID: 30877959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the utilization of three seagrasses (Zostera marina, Z. japonica, and Z. caespitosa) along the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were investigated in the sediments and in the aboveground and belowground tissues of seagrasses. The results show that the aboveground tissues of seagrasses accumulated higher levels of Cd and Cu (excluding Z. caespitosa), whereas other metals, such as Cr, Pb and Zn, were mainly restricted to the belowground tissues. Compared to Z. japonica and Z. caespitosa, Z. marina had a higher enrichment capacity for heavy metals. Overall, the seagrasses can reflect the levels of metals in the sediments, especially Z. marina, whose heavy metal tissue levels were significantly and positively correlated with the levels of all metals in the sediments. This study showed that Z. marina could be used as an effective bioindicator for heavy metal pollution of sediments in ecological quality monitoring programs in the future, at least in the temperate waters of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lijia Gao
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY11790, USA
| | - Peidong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wentao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China.
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24
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Liu L, Liu XG, Sun Y, Pu ZH, Xu HY, Li WX, Wang ZH. Trace Elements in the Feathers of Waterfowl from Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:778-783. [PMID: 30918995 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The trace element concentrations (Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) of feathers from Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca), Gadwall (Anas strepera), and Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) from Nanhaizi Wetland, China were measured. (1) There were significant differences in the concentrations of the Cr, Ni, and Pb among the waterfowl species. The concentrations of Cr and Ni in Gadwall feathers and Pb in Green-winged Teal feathers were higher than the concentrations of Cr, Ni and Pb in Ferruginous duck. (2) The Pb concentrations in the feathers of four Green-winged Teals and one Ferruginous duck, Cr concentrations in the feathers of Gadwalls (geomean 5.33 µg g-1 dry weight) and Green-winged Teals (geomean 4.55 µg g-1 dry weight) exceeded the thresholds at which they pose a threat to bird health (i.e., Pb > 4 µg g-1, Cr > 2.8 µg g-1). (3) The Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn concentrations of feathers were within the normal ranges reported for most waterfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guang Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Han Pu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Xu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiu Li
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers' College, 3 Science Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Lead (Pb) in the tissues of Anatidae, Ardeidae, Sternidae and Laridae of the Northern Hemisphere: a review of environmental studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12631-12647. [PMID: 30895550 PMCID: PMC6478642 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the ability of birds to travel long distances in the air, the potential feeding area of each individual is much larger than that of typical terrestrial animals. This makes birds a convenient indicator of environmental lead (Pb) pollution over large areas, in particular areas of inland and coastal waters. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of Pb in various organs of water birds from a variety of locations. The focus was on ducks, geese and swans (Anatidae); herons and egrets (Ardeidae); terns (Sternidae); and gulls (Laridae). This article describes the level of lead in the most commonly studied tissue types: feathers, bones and the liver. The study also presents data concerning the concentration of lead in the eggs of water birds. The highest levels of lead pollution can be observed in China and Korea, related to their high level of industrialization. In Iran too, environmental lead pollution is high, likely due to the developed petrochemical industry. Lead pollution in Japan, as well as in Western European countries (Spain, France, Italy), seems to be much lower than in China, India or Iran. Nevertheless, the level of pollution in Europe is higher than satisfactory, despite the introduction of a number of bans related to, for example, the use of leaded petrol or lead-containing paints. Finally, the USA and Canada appear to be the areas with the lowest lead pollution, possibly due to their low population densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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26
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Rutkowska M, Bajger-Nowak G, Kowalewska D, Bzoma S, Kalisińska E, Namieśnik J, Konieczka P. Methylmercury and total mercury content in soft tissues of two bird species wintering in the Baltic Sea near Gdansk, Poland. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:140-147. [PMID: 30543952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Of the various forms of Hg occurring in nature, (mono) methylmercury (MeHg) is an especially toxic form and practically all forms of Hg can be converted into MeHg as a result of natural processes. Total mercury (THg) and MeHg were determined in tissues of two piscivorous birds: razorbill Alca torda and black-throated loon Gavia arctica to provide baseline data on current mercury concentrations for liver, kidneys and pectoral muscle mercury concentrations of birds which winter on the south Baltic Sea coast. Intra and inter-specific comparisons were carried out. The study is conducted between winter and autumn and the distributions of mercury in tissues were compared with data in other studies. The following paper contains discussion of the results based on the statistical analysis and ecology aspect. The highest average Hg content was in the liver (loon ≈ 3.86 mg kg-1 dw; razorbill ≈ 1.57 mg kg-1 dw), then in the kidneys (loon ≈ 3.14 mg kg-1 dw; razorbill ≈ 1.53 mg kg-1 dw) and the lowest concentrations were in pectoral muscles (loon ≈ 1.97 mg kg-1 dw; razorbill ≈ 0.67 mg kg-1 dw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Bajger-Nowak
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Diana Kowalewska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Bzoma
- Waterbird Research Group KULING, 34/7 Świerkowa Street, 81-526 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kalisińska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, 72 Powstancow Wielkopolskich Street, 70-411 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Xu S, Wang P, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Gu R, Liu X, Liu B, Song X, Xu S, Yue S. New Insights into Different Reproductive Effort and Sexual Recruitment Contribution between Two Geographic Zostera marina L. Populations in Temperate China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29483922 PMCID: PMC5816074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are important components of global coastal ecosystems, and the eelgrass Zostera marina L. is widely distributed along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in the temperate northern hemisphere, but limited datum related to the contribution of sexual reproduction to population recruitment have been reported. This study aimed to understand eelgrass sexual reproduction and population recruitment in Swan Lake (SLL), and Huiquan Bay (HQB) was included for comparison. Random sampling, permanent quadrats or cores and laboratory seed germination-based experimental methods were employed. The flowering, seed production, seed banks, seed germination, seedling survival, and seedling growth of eelgrass were investigated from July 2014 to December 2015 to evaluate the contribution of sexual reproduction to population recruitment. Results indicated a dominant role of asexual reproduction in HQB, while sexual reproduction played a relatively important role in SLL. The highest flowering shoot density in SLL was 517.27 ± 504.29 shoots m-2 (June) and represented 53.34% of the total shoots at the center site. The potential seed output per reproductive shoot and per unit area in SLL were 103.67 ± 37.95 seeds shoot-1 and 53,623.66 ± 19,628.11 seeds m-2, respectively. The maximum seed bank density in SLL was 552.21 ± 204.94 seeds m-2 (October). Seed germination mainly occurred from the middle of March to the end of May, and the highest seedling density was 296.88 ± 274.27 seedlings m-2 in April. The recruitment from seedlings accounted for 41.36% of the Z. marina population recruitment at the center site, while the sexual recruitment contribution at the patch site (50.52%) was greater than that at the center site. Seeds in SLL were acclimated to spring germination, while in HQB, they were acclimated to autumn germination (early October-late November). Seed bank density in HQB was very low, with a value of 254.35 ± 613.34 seeds m-2 (early October). However, seeds in HQB were significantly larger and heavier than those in SLL (size: P = 0.004; weight: P < 0.001). The recruitment from seedlings accounted for as low as 2.53% of the Z. marina population recruitment in HQB. Our laboratory seed germination experiment, which was conducted in autumn, showed that the seed germination percent in HQB was significantly greater than in SLL at optimal germination temperatures (10 and 15°C; P < 0.001). A laboratory seed germination test at suitable temperature may be a potential novel approach to identify the ecological differences among different geographic populations. It is suggested that the Z. marina population recruitment may have different strategies and adapt to specific local conditions, such as in SLL and HQB, and the temperature regime may control morphological and phonological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhou
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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