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Sruthi SN, Ramasamy EV, Shyleshchandran MN. Bioaccumulation of pesticide residue in earthworms collected from the agricultural soils of Kuttanad-a unique agroecosystem in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94940-94949. [PMID: 37542694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms encompass significant soil faunal biomass and have tremendous potential to provide vital ecosystem services. Earthworms are considered bioindicators of chemical contaminants and can provide early warnings of ecosystem deterioration. Studies pertaining to the accumulation of pesticide residues in earthworm in biomass in agrarian ecosystems are scarce. The Kuttanad agroecosystem (KAE), situated on the southwest coast of India, is one of the few regions globally supporting farming on land below the mean sea level. This investigation was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworms from the KAE. The earthworms species Glyphidrilus annandalei collected from agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed for the presence of pesticides residues such as α-BHC, γ-BHC, atrazine, heptachlor, α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDT, β-endosulfan, and endrin ketone in their biomass. Analysis of the earthworm samples using a gas chromatograph revealed the presence of ten pesticide residues with notable concentrations (α-BHC, 0.36 ng/g; γ-BHC, 0.41 ng/g; heptachlor, 0.10 ng/g; atrazine, 0.89 ng/g; α-chlordane, 0.07 ng/g; γ-chlordane, 0.10 ng/g; 4,4-DDE, 0.05 ng/g; 4,4-DDD, 0.11 ng/g; 4,4-DDT, 0.31 ng/g; β-endosulfan, 0.19 ng/g; and endrin ketone, 0.13 ng/g). Six groups of pesticide residues are ΣBHC, ΣDDT, atrazine, Σchlordane, endrin ketone, and β-endosulfan were observed during bioaccumulation factor analysis, and the results show the following trend: atrazine > ΣBHC > ΣDDT > Σchlordane > Σendosulfan > Σendrin. As earthworms are a crucial component of this region's food chains, bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworms can pause adverse consequences. Increasing trends in pesticide application in the KAE and bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworm biomass can affect the entire food web.
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Anagha PL, Viji NV, Devika D, Ramasamy EV. Distribution and abundance of microplastics in the water column of Vembanad Lake-A Ramsar site in Kerala, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115433. [PMID: 37643529 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on the occurrence, abundance and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in the subsurface and bottom waters of Vembanad Lake, a Ramsar site in the state of Kerala. Even though several studies elucidate the prevalence of microplastic pollution in the surface waters of aquatic ecosystems, a little is known about the vertical distribution of MPs in the water column. Vembanad Lake water is greatly affected by microplastic pollution compared to other Indian lakes as it receive discharges from six rivers; a number of sewage canals and run-off. Ubiquitous distribution of MPs was found in the lake with a mean abundance of 26.79 ± 3.74 items L-1 and 52.70 ± 5.43 items L-1 in subsurface and bottom waters respectively. Fibers, constitute more than half of the total MPs in both subsurface and bottom waters. The dominance of polyamide and polypropylene with most of the MPs being fibers indicate that they originate probably from fishing activities and laundry wastewater. The particles with in the size range 100-500 μm were in excess in the water samples. Further fragmentation, increasing the number of MPs in the lake water was envisaged from the SEM images of MPs showing cracks and crevices. These MPs along with adsorbed contaminants upon ingestion by the aquatic organisms become a threat to the food web of the lake. The local population which depends mainly on the fishes and mussels of the lake for their dietary needs would be greatly affected by the contamination of the lake with MPs. Further research on MPs contamination in edible biota would give more insights on the extent and risks of MPs pollution in the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Das Devika
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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Chinnadurai S, de Campos CJA, Geethalakshmi V, Kripa V, Mohamed KS. Baseline health risk assessment of trace metals in bivalve shellfish from commercial growing areas in the estuaries of Ashtamudi and Vembanad (Kerala, India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68338-68348. [PMID: 34272665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal concentrations were monitored in the yellow clam (Paphia malabarica), green mussel (Perna viridis) and edible oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) from growing areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries, Kerala. Samples of shellfish (clams n=26, mussels n=18, oysters n=36) and environmental parameters (salinity, temperature, pH and rainfall) were measured in these growing areas from July 2012 to December 2014. Ranges of mean annual concentrations (mg/kg) were Ni (0.46-0.65); Co (2.87-3.49); Fe (80.0-119.4); Mn (3.88-9.38); Zn (40.8-76.2); Pb (1.28-2.00); and Cu (1.59-4.38). In Ashtamudi, clams had higher mean concentrations of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Pb than oysters. Mean concentrations of Ni, Pb (in all species), Zn (in clams and mussels) and Cu (in mussels) did not exceed maximum permissible limits mandated by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Mean Mn concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline (1 mg/kg) in the three species while mean Fe concentrations in clams and oysters did not exceed the guideline (100 mg/kg). Target hazard quotients were generally ≤ 1, except for a few Pb results in clams and mussels. Although results suggest no health risk to consumers for the reference doses, daily intakes and elements considered, regular monitoring of trace metals is recommended to maintain consumer protection given increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures on the shellfish growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugavel Chinnadurai
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India.
- Fishing Technology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kerala State, Kochi, 682029, India.
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka State, India.
| | | | - Vaidhyanathan Geethalakshmi
- Fishing Technology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kerala State, Kochi, 682029, India
| | - Vasant Kripa
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India
| | - Kolliyil Sunil Mohamed
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India
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Miranda LS, Ayoko GA, Egodawatta P, Hu WP, Ghidan O, Goonetilleke A. Physico-chemical properties of sediments governing the bioavailability of heavy metals in urban waterways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142984. [PMID: 33498122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability is a critical facet of metal toxicity. Although past studies have investigated the individual role of sediment physico-chemical properties in relation to the bioavailability of heavy metals, their collective effects are little-known. Further, limited knowledge exists on the contribution of nutrients to metal bioavailability. In this study, the influence of physico-chemical properties of sediments, including total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), and mineralogical composition to metal bioavailability is reported. The weak-acid extraction method was used to measure Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn as the potentially bioavailable fraction in sediments in an urban creek. The results confirmed that Cu has strong selectivity for organic matter (r = 0.814, p < 0.01). Cr bioavailability was influenced by either sediment mineralogy, nutrients, CEC or SSA. Zn, Ni and Pb showed strong affinity to mineral oxides, though their preferred binding positions were with nutrients, particularly organic matter (r = 0.794, 0.809, and 0.753, p < 0.01, respectively). The adsorption of Cd was strongly influenced by the competition with other metals and its bioavailability was weakly influenced by ion exchange (CEC: r = 0.424, p < 0.01). The study results indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus compounds can elevate metal bioavailability due to complexation reactions. Generally, the estuarine area was more favourable for the adsorption of weakly-bound metals. This is concerning as estuaries generate high biogeochemical activity and are economically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Miranda
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Prasanna Egodawatta
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Wan-Ping Hu
- Institute for Future Environments, Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Osama Ghidan
- Institute for Future Environments, Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
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Jayasooryan KK, Ramasamy EV, Chandini PK, Mohan M. Fractionation and accumulation of selected metals in a tropical estuary, south-west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:220. [PMID: 33763751 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the fractional distribution of sediment-bound heavy metals is highly significant for its ecological risk assessment in contaminated aquatic systems, since environmental factors enhance the mobility of heavy metals and its accumulation in different ecological matrices. In this study, the fractional distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the sediments of the Cochin estuary, along the south-west coast of India, was estimated along with its accumulation in four edible crustaceans. The high mobility of heavy metals in the Cochin estuary was evident from the distribution in fractions other than residual fraction. The exchangeable fractions of Zn and Cd were high in the Cochin estuary, indicating its high bioavailability. Even though the exchangeable fraction is negligible, Pb poses the risk of bioaccumulation due to the presence of oxidisable and reducible fractions. The level of heavy metals varies in different species of edible prawns, and high accumulation of all metals was observed in Metapenaeus dobsoni. Various risk assessment indices show that Cd and Pb pose significant ecological and human health risks in the Cochin estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Jayasooryan
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - E V Ramasamy
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - P K Chandini
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Shabbir Z, Sardar A, Shabbir A, Abbas G, Shamshad S, Khalid S, Murtaza G, Dumat C, Shahid M. Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127436. [PMID: 32599387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human, animals and plants, although it is also potentially toxic above supra-optimal levels. In plants, Cu is an essential cofactor of numerous metalloproteins and is involved in several biochemical and physiological processes. However, excess of Cu induces oxidative stress inside plants via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Owing to its dual nature (essential and a potential toxicity), this metal involves a complex network of uptake, sequestration and transport, essentiality, toxicity and detoxification inside the plants. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems keeping in view its possible essential and toxic roles. This review critically highlights the latest understanding of (i) Cu adsorption/desorption in soil (ii) accumulation in plants, (iii) phytotoxicity, (iv) tolerance mechanisms inside plants and (v) health risk assessment. The Cu-mediated oxidative stress and resulting up-regulation of several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been deliberated at molecular and cellular levels. Moreover, the role of various transporter proteins in Cu uptake and its proper transportation to target metalloproteins is critically discussed. The review also delineates Cu build-up in plant food and accompanying health disorders. Finally, this review proposes some future perspectives regarding Cu biochemistry inside plants. The review, to a large extent, presents a complete picture of the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems supported with up-to-date 10 tables and 5 figures. It can be of great interest for post-graduate level students, scientists, industrialists, policymakers and regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Aneeza Sardar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Machado A., 31058, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France; Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Auzeville-Tolosane, France; Association Réseau-Agriville, France
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan. http://reseau-agriville.com/
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ShyleshChandran MS, Ramasamy EV, Mohan M, N SS, Jayasooryan KK, Augustine T, Mohan K. Distribution and risk assessment of trace metals in multifarious matrices of Vembanad Lake system, Peninsular India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:490-498. [PMID: 31590815 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems is of significant concern in countries like India having a recent industrial history. The present study mainly focuses on the spatial and temporal distribution, occurrence and toxicity of five trace metals (Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb) in water and sediment matrix of Vembanad Lake system (VLS), India. Mercury analysis was done by using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, and the other metals were analysed using Volta metric-Trace metal analyser. The spatial distribution of trace metals in the study area showed the following trends, Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg, Zn > Pb > Cu > Hg > Cd for surface water and bottom water respectively. Health risk assessment on human population associated with trace metals was also calculated to predict their health impacts on human through non-dietary exposure. The trace metals contamination in water and sediments of VLS are potential to cause cancer on human population associated with the system. Ecological risk indices showed that the northern portion of VLS is more contaminated with trace metal than the other part of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S ShyleshChandran
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India; National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - E V Ramasamy
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - Sruthi S N
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - K K Jayasooryan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - Toms Augustine
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
| | - Kannan Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India
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