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Alghamdi MA, Hassan SK, Shetaya WH, Al Sharif MY, Nawab J, Khoder MI. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor mosques dust in Saudi Arabia: Levels, source apportionment, human health and carcinogenic risk assessment for congregators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174331. [PMID: 38945247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosques are important places for Muslims where they perform their prayers. The congregators are exposed to hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with dust. However, studies on PAHs exposure in religious places are scarce. Air-condition filter (ACF) dust can correspond to air quality to a certain extent, since dust particles derived from indoor and outdoor places stick to it. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the 16 EPA PAHs in ACF dust from mosques to determine their levels, profiles, sources and risks. Average Σ16 PAHs concentrations were 1039, 1527, 2284 and 5208 ng/g in AC filter dust from mosques in residential (RM), suburban (SM), urban (UM) and car repair workshop (CRWM), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the molecular diagnostic PAH ratios, PAHs in mosques dust is emitted from local incomplete fuel combustion, as well as complete fossil fuels combustion sources (pyrogenic), petroleum spills, crude and fuel oil, traffic emissions, and other possible sources of industrial emissions in different functional areas. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) values for children and adults across the different types of mosques follow the order: CRWM > UM > SM > RM. ILCRs values for both children and adults were found in order: dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation. The cancer risk levels via ingestion for children were relatively higher than the adults. The values of cancer risk for children and adults via dermal contact and ingestion (except in RM) were categorized in the 'potentially high risk' category (> 10-4). The mean values of total cancer risks (CR) for children (5.74 × 10-3) and adults (5.07 × 10-3) in mosques also exceeded the accepted threat value (>10-4). Finally, it is recommended that regular and frequent monitoring of PAHs should be carried out in mosques to improve the quality and maintain the health of congregators around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salwa K Hassan
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Waleed H Shetaya
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwan Y Al Sharif
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Mamdouh I Khoder
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Iwegbue CMA, Oshenyen EV, Peretiemo-Clarke BO, Olisah C, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in sediments from rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116040. [PMID: 38569301 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in sediments from three rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria that have been affected by pollution from urbanization and industrial activities. The Σ39 PBDE concentrations in sediments from these rivers ranged from 0.29 to 95.5, 5.15 to 121, and 0.73 to 66.1 ng g-1 for the Afiesere (AR), Edor (ER), and Okpare Rivers (OR), respectively. The homologue distribution patterns indicated the prominence of tetra- and penta-BDE congeners in sediments from these rivers. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the penta-BDEs were the primary source of risk to sediment-dwelling organisms in these rivers. However, the human health risk assessment indicated negligible risks for exposure of both adults and children to PBDEs in these sediments. The source apportionment suggests that the PBDE contamination in these river sediments was derived from long-distance migration, debromination of highly brominated congeners, and commercial penta-BDEs. These results reflect the use of penta-BDE formulations in this region rather than octa- and deca-BDE formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chijioke Olisah
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Liu J, Zhang A, Yang Z, Wei C, Yang L, Liu Y. Distribution characteristics, source analysis and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Kuye River: a river in a typical energy and chemical industry zone. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:89. [PMID: 38367204 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the distribution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kuye River sediments, located in an energy and chemical industry base in northern Shaanxi, China. The results that revealed the concentrations of 16 PAHs in the sediment ranged from 1090.04 to 32,175.68 ng∙g-1 dw, with the four-ring PAHs accounting for the highest proportion. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) revealed the main sources of PAHs as incomplete fossil fuel combustion, biomass combustion, and traffic emissions. The total toxic equivalent concentration of BaP, risk quotient, and lifetime carcinogenic risk of PAHs suggested moderate to high contamination of PAHs in the area. The higher incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) indicated that PAH ingestion was the primary route of impact on public health, with children potentially being more susceptible to PAH exposure. This study can provide valuable theoretical support for implementing pollution prevention measures and ecological restoration strategies for rivers in energy and chemical industry areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Andrade ADC, Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Cavalcante RM, Chaves MRB, de Souza AA, da S Filho JP, Nascimento RF, de Lima SG. Concentrations, sources and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Parnaiba Delta basin, Northeast Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140889. [PMID: 38081521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Parnaíba River is the main river in the Parnaíba Delta basin, the largest delta in the Americas. About 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and the environmental risk associated with the sediments was evaluated. The study found that PAHs levels ranged from 5.92 to 1521.17 ng g-1, which was classified as low to high pollution, and that there were multiple sources of pollution along the river, with pyrolytic sources predominating, mainly from urban activity such as trucking, although the influence of rural activity cannot be ruled out. PAHs correlated with black carbon and organic matter and showed high correlation with acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and ∑PAHs. The benzo(a)pyrene levels were classified as a risk to aquatic life because the threshold effect level and the probable effect level were exceeded. In addition, the sediments were classified as slightly contaminated with a benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent value of 108.43 ng g-1. Thus, the priority level PAH exhibited carcinogenic and mutagenic activity that posed a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analine D C Andrade
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica (LAGO), Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michel R B Chaves
- Universidade Federal Do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. João Alberto, 700, 65700-000, Bacabal, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Jeremias P da S Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Natureza, Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sidney G de Lima
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica (LAGO), Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Lin K, Wang R, Tan L, Jiang S, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang J. Assessing the potential risks, sources and the relationship between the dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the typical semi-enclosed bay, Bohai Bay of China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106192. [PMID: 37783158 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution as well as the partitioning behavior of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. It was found that the average concentration of PAHs in surface seawater was significantly higher in autumn (58.16 ng L-1) than in summer (40.47 ng L-1) due to a large amount of input in autumn and more photodegradation and biodegradation affected by higher temperatures in summer. The spatial distribution indicated that the river had a significant dilution effect on PAHs in summer and became a significant input source in autumn. In addition, a large number of oil and gas development platforms were distributed throughout the Bohai Bay, and the discharge of production and domestic sewage contributed to the PAHs pollution level. As a semi-enclosed bay, the water exchange capacity of Bohai Bay was poor, leading to a greater accumulation of PAHs in the marine environment. The diagnostic ratios and PCA-MLR indicated that petroleum was the most important source of PAHs with a contribution of 45%, followed by fuel combustion (39%) such as coal and oil. Photooxidation in seawater resulted in a reduction of BaP/BeP, indicating that seasonal variations in photooxidation had a significant impact on the composition of PAHs (summer: 1.49, autumn: 2.96). The concentration of particulate PAHs was correlated with the concentration of dissolved PAHs and SPM, and the proportion of 3-rings (43.8%) and 4-rings (49.8%) PAHs was significantly higher on SPM. The distribution coefficients Log Kd and φspm-water showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing as the number of rings increased, with the 4-rings Pyr exhibiting the highest value. According to the ecological risk assessment, the ecological risk of total PAHs was low (RQNCs < 800, RQMECs < 1), but the ecological risk of individual PAHs and the carcinogenicity of high-ring PAHs could not be ignored (>96.5%). This study is significant for investigating the "sources and sinks" of PAHs in the complex marine environment by analyzing the partitioning behavior of PAHs in different phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Xia Y, Zhang Y, Ji Q, Cheng X, Wang X, Sabel CE, He H. Sediment core records and impact factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116690. [PMID: 37474088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lake sediment is a natural sink for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH sedimentation characteristics and their impact factors of Chinese lakes have mainly been qualitative assessed. However, quantitative impacts of PAH sedimentation from different factors have not been well analyzed. To fill this gap, we screened PAH sedimentation records from the literature, for 51 lakes in China and other regions of the world, to identify historical concentration variation and the impact factors of PAHs in different regions, in lake sediment. The results show that PAH concentrations in the sediment core in the selected Chinese lakes (478 ± 812 ng/g dry weight (dw)) were significantly lower than those in North America (5518 ± 6572 ng/g dw) and Europe (3817 ± 4033 ng/g dw). From 1900 to 2015, most of the lakes in China showed an increasing trend of PAH sedimentation concentrations, with the lakes in Southeastern China showed a decreasing trend of PAH concentration in the period of 2001-2015, which was later than the peak times shown in Western countries (1941-1970). The 2-3-ring PAHs were the main components in the sediment core of Chinese lakes, but the proportion to the total PAHs decreased from 72% in 1900-1940 to 55% in 2001-2015. Generalized additive modeling (GAM) was adopted to simulate the associations between PAH sedimentation records and the impact factors. There are large regional variations of economic and industrial development in China. The impact factors of PAH accumulation in the lake sediments differ in different regions. However, population and the consumption of coal, pesticides, and fertilizer were identified to be the most important impact factors influencing PAH sedimentation. The Chinese government needs to strengthen control measures on pollutant discharge to reduce the anthropogenic impact of PAH sedimentation in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Xia
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark; BERTHA - Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Qingsong Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Clive E Sabel
- BERTHA - Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, 354300, PR China.
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Wang Z, Liu YJ, Yang L, Yang ZZ, Zhang AN, Li ZH, Liu Z. Distribution, sources, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kaokaowusu river sediments near a coal industrial zone. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6853-6867. [PMID: 36566469 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the contents, compositions, and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediments near an important energy and chemical base in northwest China. In addition, their possible adverse effects on the ecology and human health were assessed. The PAH concentrations in this study area ranged from 2641.28 to 16783.72 (ng/g dw). PAHs of medium molecular weight (3-ring and 4-ring) showed the largest proportion, followed by PAHs of higher molecular weight (5-ring and 6-ring). The results of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis revealed that PAHs in the region have complex sources, with incomplete combustion of local fossil fuels and traffic exhaust factors being the main sources. The total toxic equivalent concentration of PAHs varied from 10.05 to 760.26 ng/g, and according to the sediment quality guidelines, PAHs have high potential ecological risk in the lower reaches of the river. The mean effect range-median quotient for the region was 0.46, and the combined ecological risk was at moderate to high levels (21% probability of toxicity). The lifetime carcinogenic risks for adults and children exposed to PAHs were 2.95 × 10-3 and 1.87 × 10-2, respectively, which are much higher than the limit of 10-4, indicating moderate to high potential cancer risks. Therefore, the local government should consider taking some environmental remediation measures. This study can provide theoretical support for pollution prevention measures and ecological restoration strategies for rivers in resource-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yong Jun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ai Ning Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhi Hua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Onyena AP, Nkwoji JA, Chukwu LO, Walker TR, Sam K. Risk assessment of sediment PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1080. [PMID: 37615789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek. Sediment samples were collected between March 2019 and July 2020 to evaluate the concentrations of PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants using GC-MS and GC-FID with Headspace extraction. Results indicated mean PAH concentrations were 22.691 ± 15.09 µg/kg. The highest individual PAH concentrations were fluorene (7.085 µg/kg), naphthalene (4.517 µg/kg), and phenanthrene (3.081 µg/kg). Carbazole (0.828 µg/kg) was discovered as a novel environmental toxin with dioxin-like toxicity and widespread prevalence in sediments. The most common congener (25%) was ethylbenzene, followed by toluene and ortho- and meta-xylene (21%) and benzene (13%). The analysis of diagnostic ratios revealed that the main factors responsible for the presence of PAHs in the study area are the residential use of firewood, emissions from industrial activities, bush burning, and petroleum slicks. The risk assessment indicated that most PAHs exceeded the permissible risk quotient values, suggesting a moderate to high ecological risk. However, cutaneous exposure to PAHs and BTEX was found to have minimal impact on human health, with no significant hazards identified in adults and children. Nevertheless, the study revealed low cancer risks associated with PAH and BTEX compounds for both age groups. The continued discharge of PAHs and BTEX compounds into Chanomi Creek could have significant long-term negative effects on human and aquatic health. Thus, contamination risk awareness programs and the development of stringent contextual thresholds for identified contaminants could enhance environmental and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachi P Onyena
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph A Nkwoji
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Lucian O Chukwu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kabari Sam
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria
- School of Environment, Geography and Geoscience, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
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Fu L, Sun Y, Li H, Chen Y, Du H, Liang SX. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Baiyang Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1035. [PMID: 37572161 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The issue of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been an environmental focus worldwide. In this study, the contents, sources, and ecological risks of sixteen PAHs in the sediment of Baiyang Lake were estimated, and a list of priority pollutants was established. The total PAH contents ranged from 114 to 1010 ng·g-1. The composition of PAHs indicated that 4- to 6-ring PAHs predominated in the sediment samples. The diagnostic ratio analysis showed that combustion sources were predominant for PAHs in Baiyang Lake. Specifically, the positive matrix factorization model indicated that diesel engine emissions, gasoline engine emissions, wood combustion sources, and coal combustion sources contributed 22, 32, 24, and 22% of ∑PAHs, respectively. Based on the sediment quality guidelines, mean effects range median quotient, ecological risk quotient, and toxicity equivalent quotient methods, the comprehensive assessment results of PAHs in Baiyang Lake sediments indicated that the ecological risks were at medium and low levels. The priority pollutant list showed that benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene were the highest-priority pollutants and thus should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Baiyangdian Basin Eco-environmental Support Center, Shijiazhuang, 050056, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Du
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yan K, You Q, Zeng S, Wu Y, Chen F, Chen J, Xu J, Wang H. The Spatial Distribution and Potential Risk Assessment of POPs in Farmland around a Typical E-Waste Dismantling Site. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:453-465. [PMID: 37129623 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from electronic-waste (E-waste) dismantling is of great concern. This study investigated the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 253 cropland soil samples around an abandoned E-waste dismantling site in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province in China, using an analytical method which simultaneously extracted, purified and determined the identity and quantity of the three types of persistent organic pollutants. Meanwhile, their spatial distributions, pollution characteristics, and risk assessments were further analyzed. Total PCBs in the test soils ranged from below method detection limits (ND) to 2985.25 μg kg-1 on a dry weight basis (d.w.), and the spatial distribution indicated a "hot spot" of PCBs pollution in the study area. The PAHs were detected in all samples with total concentrations ranging from 4.99 to 2723.06 μg kg-1 d.w. The distribution of PBDEs showed the pollution characteristics of "family-run workshops", with a total content range of ND ~ 899.34 μg kg-1 d.w., of which BDE209 was typically the dominant congener, accounting for 74.05% of the total PBDEs content in the test soils, with the highest content reaching 857.72 μg kg-1 d.w. Results showed that the ecological and lifetime carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PAHs were low in the study area, but the health risk caused by oral ingestion and dermal contact accounted for the highest proportion of the total exposure risks, while inhalation could be ignored. PBDEs in soils of the study area were a potential chronic non-carcinogenic risk, particularly for children. Therefore, in order to protect human health and environment, it is necessary to regulate the management of E-waste dismantling sites and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kang Yan
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi You
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Saiqi Zeng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuheng Wu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Futao Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Plant Protection, Fertilizer and Rural Energy Agency of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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11
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Gurgatz BM, Garcia MR, Cabral AC, de Souza AC, Nagai RH, Figueira RCL, de Mahiques MM, Martins CC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Natural Heritage Estuary influenced by anthropogenic activities in the South Atlantic: Integrating multiple source apportionment approaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114678. [PMID: 36764149 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in the sediments of one of the most well-preserved estuaries in South Brazil, the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), using several source apportionment tools. The ∑PAH ranged from < DL to 125.6 ng g-1 dw (dry weight) (average 29.9 ± 26.1 ng g-1 dw), and the lowest levels detected were similar to those found in other protected areas of the world. In general, the PAH concentrations indicated excellent environmental quality for the entire estuary. Principal component analysis indicated that fine sediments and total organic carbon were the main factors controlling PAH concentrations in the PES. Multiple PAH sources were identified in the study area; biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion predominated but considerable amounts of petrogenic residues were also observed. We identified evidence of a contribution from an adjacent watershed resulting from the construction of interconnections between large rivers and from years of intense deforestation in the local Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martins Gurgatz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marina Reback Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Câmara de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Hanae Nagai
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubens C L Figueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Sun W, Niu X, Yin X, Duan Z, Xing L, Liu A, Ma Y, Gao P. Historical evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in Chaihe Reservoir from 1863 to 2018. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116944. [PMID: 36525734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) spreads and changes worldwide. The pollution evolution in the regional water environment evolves in response to multiple factors, requiring considerable attention. PAH heterogeneity in the sediment core from Chaihe Reservoir was investigated to indicate dynamic changes in PAH pollution levels and sources and propose recommendations for controlling PAHs. Dynamic PAH patterns showed that the overall decline in PAH pollution was in association with local anthropogenic activities, temperature, and precipitation over the period 1863-2018. Nevertheless, coal, oil, and natural gas consumptions still played significant roles in transferring PAHs to the reservoir. Meanwhile, there were dominant local origins, including grass, wood, and coal combustion. The results highlight that the joint action of natural and anthropogenic interventions mitigated PAH pollution in the reservoir. Promoting improved fuels, new energy vehicles, and cleaner energy may further lower PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xianwei Yin
- Zibo Eco-environmental Monitoring Centre of Shandong Province, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Zhenhao Duan
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Liqi Xing
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Aiju Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Yanfei Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Peiling Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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13
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A Comparative Analysis on the Concentration and Potential Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water, Sediment and Soil from a Non-crude Oil and a Crude Oil Explosion Site in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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14
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Skic K, Boguta P, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Baran A. Effect of sorption properties on the content, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130073. [PMID: 36209611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, PAH sorption processes in bottom sediments has not been comprehensively discucorrelation coefficients between sorption parameters and contessed. Understanding the dependencies governing PAH sorption processes will allow to predict, monitor, and mitigate the ecological effects of PAH contamination and the associated risks to humans or wildlife. The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between the sorption properties and the content of PAHs in bottom sediments and mussels. The PAH profile was dominated by higher-molecular hydrocarbons, which accounted for 73% of the total concentration of PAHs. Potentiometric studies revealed the steric-based PAH sorption mechanism that strongly depended on the presence of negatively dissociating structures such as carboxylic or phenolic functional groups. Based on the changes in Q8 values, the size-exclusion effect was more likely for 5- and 6-ring compounds. Pores < 5 µm, which had the largest share in the specific surface area, were the preferred sites for PAH sequestration and stabilization in bottom sediments. The availability of PAHs was reduced in sediments with high organic matter content. The PAH bioaccumulation factor significantly decreased with increasing TOC content in sediments. Higher mortality and growth inhibition of H. incongruens were observed in samples with high and medium TOC contents than in those with low TOC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Edegbene AO, Akamagwuna FC. Insights from the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria on the impacts of urban pollution on the functional organisation of Afrotropical macroinvertebrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22551. [PMID: 36581677 PMCID: PMC9800367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, including urbanisation and industrialisation threaten stream ecological integrity, ecosystem community structure and ecosystem functioning of rivers and streams worldwide. However, developing sustainable monitoring strategies for ecological health remains a critical challenge in Africa. We examined the effects of urban disturbance on macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups in selected streams in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. We sampled 11 sites between 2008 and 2012 and grouped into three site groups (Site groups 1 > 2 > 3). The groups represent an increasing gradient of urban pollution. Our result showed that urban-induced disturbances affected physicochemical variables in the study area (PERMANOVA; p < 0.05), with nutrients NO2-N, PO4-P, and electrical conductivity being significantly higher in impacted Site group 3 (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Predators and gatherers were the most dominant Functional Feeding Group recorded in the study area, while shredders were the least abundant macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups. The multivariate RLQ analysis revealed that shredders, predators, and scrapers were tolerant of urban pollution, whereas gatherers were sensitive to increasing urban pollution. Overall, macroinvertebrates Functional Feeding Groups responded differentially to urban pollution in the Niger Delta Region. Identifying pollution indicator Functional Feeding Groups is seen as an important step towards developing a reliable, low-cost tool for riverine monitoring of urban pollution effects in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Ovie Edegbene
- grid.91354.3a0000 0001 2364 1300Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), 6140 South Africa ,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria
| | - Frank Chukwuzuoke Akamagwuna
- grid.91354.3a0000 0001 2364 1300Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), 6140 South Africa
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16
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Wang MH, Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Dong CD. Potential sources and toxicity risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of commercial ports in Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113924. [PMID: 35841673 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pollutants in the semi-enclosed waters of ports has long been a concern. This study assessed the pollution status, sources, and toxicity risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of 7 major ports in Taiwan. Total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged between 8.4 and 572.5 ng/g dw, with an average of 112.4 ± 136.5 ng/g dw. The 3- and 4-ring PAHs (63 %) were the major constituents of PAHs in the sediments. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analyses indicated that PAHs in sediments were mainly contributed by biomass combustion (45.0 %), coal combustion (31.5 %), and vehicle emissions and related fossil fuels (23.5 %). The results of ecological risk assessment showed a low-medium risk of PAHs in the sediments outside the port, whereas most of the sediments within the port presented a medium-high risk. An assessment of the possible human health risks indicated that PAHs were present at acceptable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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17
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Živančev J, Antić I, Buljovčić M, Đurišić-Mladenović N. A case study on the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dust of Serbian households: Distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133856. [PMID: 35122819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to obtain the first insight into the occurrence, potential sources, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust. Samples (n = 47) were collected from households in four settlements in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. Total concentrations of 16 EPA priority PAHs in the dust samples varied from 140 to 8265 μg kg-1. Mean and median values for all samples were 1825 and 1404 μg kg-1, respectively. According to the international guidelines for indoor environment, PAH content can be regarded as normal (<500 μg kg-1) for ∼6% of the samples, high (500-5000 μg kg-1) for ∼87% of the samples, and very high (5000-50000 μg kg1) for ∼6% of the samples. In all settlements, PAHs with 4 rings were the most prevalent (accounting for 40-53% of the total PAHs). They were followed by 3-ringed PAHs (29-40%), which indicates rather uniform PAH profiles in the analyzed dust. Based on diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), pyrogenic sources, such as vehicle emissions and wood combustion were the dominant sources of PAHs in analyzed samples. Health risk assessment, which included incidental ingesting, inhaling and skin contact with PAHs in the analyzed dust, was evaluated by using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Median total ILCR was 3.88E-04 for children, and 3.73E-04 for adults. Results revealed that major contribution to quite high total ILCRs was brought by dermal contact and ingestion. Total cancer risk for indoor dust indicated that 85% of the studied locations exceeded 10-4. This implies risk of high concern, with potential adverse health effects. The results are valuable for future observation of PAHs in indoor environment. They are also useful for regional authorities who can use them to create policies which control sources of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Živančev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Igor Antić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Buljovčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Đurišić-Mladenović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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18
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Exploratory accounts of the increasing pollution gradients and macroinvertebrates structural assemblage in an afrotropical estuary. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Iwegbue CMA, Oshenyen VE, Tesi GO, Olisah C, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Occurrence and spatial characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from rivers in the western Niger delta of Nigeria impacted by urban and industrial activities. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132671. [PMID: 34718021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic concentrations of 28 PCB congeners, their spatial distributions, sources, and associated risks to the ecosystem were investigated in sediments of some rivers around a glass industry and power generating plant in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for the identification and quantification of PCBs in sediments from these rivers. The Ʃ28 PCB concentrations (dry weight) in sediments ranged from 1520 to 3540 ng g-1 for the Afiesere River, 976-5670 ng g-1 for the Edor River, and from 1440 to 6340 ng g-1 for the Okpare River. The homologue distribution patterns in sediments from these rivers indicated that low-chlorinated (2 Cl to 5 Cl) PCBs were more dominant than high-chlorinated (6 Cl to 10 Cl) PCBs with tri-, penta- and deca-PCBs as the top homologues. The PCB source analyses suggested that the PCB contamination of these river sediments could have originated from Aroclor mixtures, paints, pigments and other inadvertent sources. The risk assessment indicated a high risk to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violet E Oshenyen
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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20
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Zhao Y, Li J, Qi Y, Guan X, Zhao C, Wang H, Zhu S, Fu G, Zhu J, He J. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tidal creek water of coastal tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113110. [PMID: 34798430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, distribution, sources and ecological risk levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tidal creek water from coastal tidal flats of the Yellow River Delta were investigated. The concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 0.113 to 1.533, with a mean value of 0.496 ± 0.035 μg L-1, which indicated a moderate level of pollution. The main long-term sources of PAHs in the coastal tidal flats of the Yellow River Delta were petroleum combustion and petroleum pollution. The ecological risk assessment showed that the levels of PAHs in tidal creek water of the coastal tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta corresponded to medium to high ecological risk levels, and a high probability of potential ecological risk, posing harm to aquatic organisms. Among the 7 sampling sites, site 5, site 6, and site 7 were at high ecological risk, and the other sites were at moderate ecological risk. PAH pollution in the tidal creek water near the Yellow River Estuary and farther south, in the coastal tidal wetland of Laizhou Bay, deserves special attention, especially with respect to the prevention and control of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) pollution in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Research Institute of Eco-environmental Emergency, MEE, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shuyu Zhu
- Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Gang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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