1
|
Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Cui Y, Zhou CX, Li TJ. Notch activation promotes bone metastasis via SPARC inhibition in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1220-1233. [PMID: 36951790 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate bone metastasis induced by Notch signalling pathway dysregulation and to demonstrate that SPARC is a potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) with Notch dysregulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 144 AdCC patients. RNA-sequencing and enrichment analyses were performed using 32 AdCC samples. Osteonectin/SPARC and the Notch activation indicator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and migration assays were conducted using stably NICD over-expressing cells. The effect of SPARC on osteoclast differentiation in NICD cells was investigated using western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and resorption assays. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis showed that genes down-regulated in Notch-mutant AdCCs, such as SPARC, were enriched in ossification and osteoblast differentiation. Most (75/110, 68.2%) Notch1-wild-type AdCCs showed SPARC over-expression, whereas 30 out of 34 (88.2%) Notch1-mutant tumours showed low SPARC expression. SPARC over-expression was then found negatively to be correlated with NICD expression in 144 AdCCs. NICD over-expression promoted cell growth, migration and osteoclast differentiation, which could be partly reversed by exogenous SPARC. CONCLUSIONS Notch activation in AdCC contributes to bone metastasis through SPARC inhibition. The study results suggest that SPARC may represent a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prestagiacomo LE, Tradigo G, Aracri F, Gabriele C, Rota MA, Alba S, Cuda G, Damiano R, Veltri P, Gaspari M. Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry of EPS-Urine Coupled to Machine Learning: A Predictive Model for Prostate Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6244-6252. [PMID: 36844540 PMCID: PMC9948177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is annually the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the male population. To date, the diagnostic path for PCa detection includes the dosage of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the digital rectal exam (DRE). However, PSA-based screening has insufficient specificity and sensitivity; besides, it cannot discriminate between the aggressive and indolent types of PCa. For this reason, the improvement of new clinical approaches and the discovery of new biomarkers are necessary. In this work, expressed prostatic secretion (EPS)-urine samples from PCa patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were analyzed with the aim of detecting differentially expressed proteins between the two analyzed groups. To map the urinary proteome, EPS-urine samples were analyzed by data-independent acquisition (DIA), a high-sensitivity method particularly suitable for detecting proteins at low abundance. Overall, in our analysis, 2615 proteins were identified in 133 EPS-urine specimens obtaining the highest proteomic coverage for this type of sample; of these 2615 proteins, 1670 were consistently identified across the entire data set. The matrix containing the quantified proteins in each patient was integrated with clinical parameters such as the PSA level and gland size, and the complete matrix was analyzed by machine learning algorithms (by exploiting 90% of samples for training/testing using a 10-fold cross-validation approach, and 10% of samples for validation). The best predictive model was based on the following components: semaphorin-7A (sema7A), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), FT ratio, and prostate gland size. The classifier could predict disease conditions (BPH, PCa) correctly in 83% of samples in the validation set. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD035942.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licia E. Prestagiacomo
- Research
Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Federica Aracri
- Department
of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Gabriele
- Research
Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research
Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veltri
- Department
of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research
Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna
Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nätkin R, Pennanen P, Syvälä H, Bläuer M, Kesseli J, Tammela TLJ, Nykter M, Murtola TJ. Adaptive and non-adaptive gene expression responses in prostate cancer during androgen deprivation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281645. [PMID: 36809527 PMCID: PMC9942993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is the cornerstone treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eventually prostate cancer cells overcome androgen deprivation therapy, giving rise to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) characterized by increased androgen receptor (AR) activity. Understanding the cellular mechanisms leading to CRPC is needed for development of novel treatments. We used long-term cell cultures to model CRPC; a testosterone-dependent cell line (VCaP-T) and cell line adapted to grow in low testosterone (VCaP-CT). These were used to uncover persistent and adaptive responses to testosterone level. RNA was sequenced to study AR-regulated genes. Expression level changed due to testosterone depletion in 418 genes in VCaP-T (AR-associated genes). To evaluate significance for CRPC growth, we compared which of them were adaptive i.e., restored expression level in VCaP-CT. Adaptive genes were enriched to steroid metabolism, immune response and lipid metabolism. The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma data were used to assess the association with cancer aggressiveness and progression-free survival. Expressions of 47 AR-associated or association gaining genes were statistically significant markers for progression-free survival. These included genes related to immune response, adhesion and transport. Taken together, we identified and clinically validated multiple genes being linked with progression of prostate cancer and propose several novel risk genes. Possible use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets should be studied further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Nätkin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (RN); (TJM)
| | - Pasi Pennanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heimo Syvälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Bläuer
- Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kesseli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L. J. Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (RN); (TJM)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bera K, Kiepas A, Zhang Y, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. The interplay between physical cues and mechanosensitive ion channels in cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954099. [PMID: 36158191 PMCID: PMC9490090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues have emerged as critical influencers of cell function during physiological processes, like development and organogenesis, and throughout pathological abnormalities, including cancer progression and fibrosis. While ion channels have been implicated in maintaining cellular homeostasis, their cell surface localization often places them among the first few molecules to sense external cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) are especially important transducers of physical stimuli into biochemical signals. In this review, we describe how physical cues in the tumor microenvironment are sensed by MICs and contribute to cancer metastasis. First, we highlight mechanical perturbations, by both solid and fluid surroundings typically found in the tumor microenvironment and during critical stages of cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumor. Next, we describe how Piezo1/2 and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to these physical cues to regulate cancer cell behavior during different stages of metastasis. We conclude by proposing alternative mechanisms of MIC activation that work in tandem with cytoskeletal components and other ion channels to bestow cells with the capacity to sense, respond and navigate through the surrounding microenvironment. Collectively, this review provides a perspective for devising treatment strategies against cancer by targeting MICs that sense aberrant physical characteristics during metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JS, Galvão DA, Newton RU, Gray E, Taaffe DR. Exercise-induced myokines and their effect on prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:519-542. [PMID: 34158658 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is recognized by clinicians in the field of clinical oncology for its potential role in reducing the risk of certain cancers and in reducing the risk of disease recurrence and progression; yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this reduction in risk are not fully understood. Studies applying post-exercise blood serum directly to various types of cancer cell lines provide insight that exercise might have a role in inhibiting cancer growth via altered soluble and cell-free blood contents. Myokines, which are cytokines produced by muscle and secreted into the bloodstream, might offer multiple benefits to cellular metabolism (such as a reduction in insulin resistance, improved glucose uptake and reduced adiposity), and blood myokine levels can be altered with exercise. Alterations in the levels of myokines such as IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, irisin, secreted protein acidic risk in cysteine (SPARC), myostatin, oncostatin M and decorin might exert a direct inhibitory effect on cancer growth via inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, inducing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting the epithermal transition to mesenchymal cells. The association of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia with obesity can create a tumour-favourable environment; exercise-induced myokines can manipulate this environment by regulating adipose tissue and adipocytes. Exercise-induced myokines also have a critical role in increasing cytotoxicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Enriquez C, Cancila V, Ferri R, Sulsenti R, Fischetti I, Milani M, Ostano P, Gregnanin I, Mello-Grand M, Berrino E, Bregni M, Renne G, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Jachetti E. Castration-Induced Downregulation of SPARC in Stromal Cells Drives Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4257-4274. [PMID: 34185677 PMCID: PMC9398117 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatal neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of castration-resistant prostate cancer is a recurrent mechanism of resistance to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) and antiandrogen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) in patients. The design of effective therapies for neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is complicated by limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing NED. The paucity of acquired genomic alterations and the deregulation of epigenetic and transcription factors suggest a potential contribution from the microenvironment. In this context, whether ADT/ARPI induces stromal cells to release NED-promoting molecules and the underlying molecular networks are unestablished. Here, we utilized transgenic and transplantable mouse models and coculture experiments to unveil a novel tumor-stroma cross-talk that is able to induce NED under the pressure of androgen deprivation. Castration induced upregulation of GRP78 in tumor cells, which triggers miR29-b-mediated downregulation of the matricellular protein SPARC in the nearby stroma. SPARC downregulation enabled stromal cells to release IL6, a known inducer of NED. A drug that targets GRP78 blocked NED in castrated mice. A public, human NEPC gene expression dataset showed that Hspa5 (encoding for GRP78) positively correlates with hallmarks of NED. Finally, prostate cancer specimens from patients developing local NED after ADT showed GRP78 upregulation in tumor cells and SPARC downregulation in the stroma. These results point to GRP78 as a potential therapeutic target and to SPARC downregulation in stromal cells as a potential early biomarker of tumors undergoing NED. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-stroma cross-talk promotes neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer in response to hormone therapy via a GRP78/SPARC/IL6 axis, providing potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Enriquez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Ferri
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Sulsenti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Fischetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Milani
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Berrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Bregni
- Oncology-Hematology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Renne
- Division of Uropathology and Intraoperative Consultation, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
López-Moncada F, Torres MJ, Castellón EA, Contreras HR. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, enhancing migration and invasion, and is associated with high Gleason score in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:557-564. [PMID: 31031331 PMCID: PMC6859668 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_23_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein highly expressed in bone tissue that acts as a chemoattractant factor promoting the arrival of prostate cancer (PCa) cells to the bone marrow. However, the contribution of SPARC during the early stages of tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, we show that SPARC is highly expressed in PCa tissues with a higher Gleason score. Through stable knockdown and overexpression of SPARC in PC3 and LNCaP cells, respectively, here we demonstrate that endogenous SPARC induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), decreasing E-cadherin and cytokeratin 18 and increasing N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, SPARC induces the expression of EMT regulatory transcription factors Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snail), Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (Slug), and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1). In addition, SPARC knockdown in PC3 cells decreases migration and invasion in vitro, without modifying cell proliferation. Our results indicate that SPARC might facilitate tumor progression by modifying the cellular phenotype in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda López-Moncada
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellón
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Héctor R Contreras
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu YS, Gu Y, Jiang C, Chen L. Osteonectin regulates the extracellular matrix mineralization of osteoblasts through P38 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2220-2231. [PMID: 31489629 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteonectin binds strongly to type I collagen and hydroxyapatite and plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix mineralization. Previous studies have also shown that p38 signaling pathway is an important regulator for osteoblast mineralization. This study focused on the role of osteonectin in regulating extracellular matrix mineralization via the p38 signaling pathway. Osteoblasts were isolated and cultured from parietal bones of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. The gene and protein expressions of noncollagen proteins (BSP, bone sialoprotein; OCN, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and SIBLINGs (Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins) members (DMP1, dentine matrix protein 1, DSPP, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and MEPE, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein) were detected by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Alizarin red staining, intracellular calcium assay, and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect mineralization. Initially, by adding osteonectin at different concentrations in osteoblasts and detecting the above mineralization indexes, 1 µg/ml was determined to be the optima osteonectin concentration, which significantly increased gene expressions of BSP, OPN, OCN, DMP1, MEPE, DSPP, and p38 in osteoblasts, p38 and p-p38 protein expressions were also significantly increased, mineralized nodules were significantly enhanced; when added with SB203580 (a specific inhibitor for p38) these effects were inhibited. Furthermore, osteoblasts transfected with Ad-p38 also significantly upregulated the protein and gene expressions of noncollagens and SIBLINGs members, whereas transfection of p38-rhRNA showed the opposite effect. Our data suggest that osteonectin regulates the extracellular matrix mineralization of osteoblasts through the P38 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolb AD, Bussard KM. The Bone Extracellular Matrix as an Ideal Milieu for Cancer Cell Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071020. [PMID: 31330786 PMCID: PMC6678871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a preferential site for cancer metastases, including multiple myeloma, prostate, and breast cancers.The composition of bone, especially the extracellular matrix (ECM), make it an attractive site for cancer cell colonization and survival. The bone ECM is composed of living cells embedded within a matrix composed of both organic and inorganic components. Among the organic components, type I collagen provides the tensile strength of bone. Inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite crystals, are an integral component of bone and provide bone with its rigidity. Under normal circumstances, two of the main cell types in bone, the osteoblasts and osteoclasts, help to maintain bone homeostasis and remodeling through cellular communication and response to biophysical signals from the ECM. However, under pathological conditions, including osteoporosis and cancer, bone remodeling is dysregulated. Once in the bone matrix, disseminated tumor cells utilize normal products of bone remodeling, such as collagen type I, to fuel cancer cell proliferation and lesion outgrowth. Models to study the complex interactions between the bone matrix and metastatic cancer cells are limited. Advances in understanding the interactions between the bone ECM and bone metastatic cancer cells are necessary in order to both regulate and prevent metastatic cancer cell growth in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexus D Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen M Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coury JR, Davis BN, Koumas CP, Manzano GS, Dehdashti AR. Histopathological and molecular predictors of growth patterns and recurrence in craniopharyngiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:41-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-0978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Sharma S, Xing F, Liu Y, Wu K, Said N, Pochampally R, Shiozawa Y, Lin HK, Balaji KC, Watabe K. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Mediates Metastatic Dormancy of Prostate Cancer in Bone. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19351-63. [PMID: 27422817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is known to frequently recur in bone; however, how dormant cells switch its phenotype leading to recurrent tumor remains poorly understood. We have isolated two syngeneic cell lines (indolent and aggressive) through in vivo selection by implanting PC3mm stem-like cells into tibial bones. We found that indolent cells retained the dormant phenotype, whereas aggressive cells grew rapidly in bone in vivo, and the growth rates of both cells in culture were similar, suggesting a role of the tumor microenvironment in the regulation of dormancy and recurrence. Indolent cells were found to secrete a high level of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which significantly stimulated the expression of BMP7 in bone marrow stromal cells. The secreted BMP7 then kept cancer cells in a dormant state by inducing senescence, reducing "stemness," and activating dormancy-associated p38 MAPK signaling and p21 expression in cancer cells. Importantly, we found that SPARC was epigenetically silenced in aggressive cells by promoter methylation, but 5-azacytidine treatment reactivated the expression. Furthermore, high SPARC promoter methylation negatively correlated with disease-free survival of prostate cancer patients. We also found that the COX2 inhibitor NS398 down-regulated DNMTs and increased expression of SPARC, which led to tumor growth suppression in bone in vivo These findings suggest that SPARC plays a key role in maintaining the dormancy of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Xing
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Kerui Wu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | | | - Radhika Pochampally
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | | | | | - K C Balaji
- Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dole NS, Delany AM. MicroRNA variants as genetic determinants of bone mass. Bone 2016; 84:57-68. [PMID: 26723575 PMCID: PMC4755870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant genetic variants that contribute to the heritability of bone mass. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are key post-transcriptional regulators that modulate the differentiation and function of skeletal cells by targeting multiple genes in the same or distinct signaling pathways. SNPs in miRNA genes and miRNA binding sites can alter miRNA abundance and mRNA targeting. This review describes the potential impact of miRNA-related SNPs on skeletal phenotype. Although many associations between SNPs and bone mass have been described, this review is limited to gene variants for which a function has been experimentally validated. SNPs in miRNA genes (miR-SNPs) that impair miRNA processing and alter the abundance of mature miRNA are discussed for miR-146a, miR-125a, miR-196a, miR-149 and miR-27a. SNPs in miRNA targeting sites (miR-TS-SNPs) that alter miRNA binding are described for the bone remodeling genes bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1 (Bmpr1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), osteonectin (Sparc) and histone deacetylase 5 (Hdac5). The review highlights two aspects of miRNA-associated SNPs: the mechanism for altering miRNA mediated gene regulation and the potential of miR-associated SNPs to alter osteoblast, osteoclast or chondrocyte differentiation and function. Given the polygenic nature of skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, validating the function of additional miRNA-associated SNPs has the potential to enhance our understanding of the genetic determinants of bone mass and predisposition to selected skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu L, Prins HJ, Leijten J, Helder MN, Evseenko D, Moroni L, van Blitterswijk CA, Lin Y, Karperien M. Chondrocytes Cocultured with Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue Present More Intense Chondrogenic Characteristics Than with Adipose Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:336-48. [PMID: 26732248 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial replacement of chondrocytes by stem cells has been proposed to improve the performance of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Our previous studies showed that the increased cartilage production in pellet cocultures of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is due to a trophic role of the MSCs by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production rather than MSCs actively undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. The aim of this study is to compare the trophic effects of stromal vascular fraction cells (SVF) and in vitro expanded adipose stem cells (ASC). SVF and culture-expanded ASC (n = 9) were cocultured with primary human chondrocytes in pellets. By glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assays, we showed that coculture pellets of SVF and chondrocytes have more GAG deposition than that of ASC and chondrocytes. Results of the short tandem repeats analysis indicated that the increase in the chondrocyte proportion in the coculture pellets is more pronounced in the SVF coculture group than in the ASC coculture group. Using flow cytometry and microarray, we demonstrated that SVF and ASC have different characteristics in cell surface markers and gene expression profiles. SVF is more heterogeneous than ASC, whereas ASC is more enriched in cells from the mesenchymal lineage than SVF. By subcutaneous implantation into nude mice, we showed that constructs of SVF and chondrocytes are better in depositing cartilage matrix than the mixture of ASC and chondrocytes. Taken together, SVF is better than ASC in terms of forming cartilage matrix in pellet coculture and in coimplantation models omitting the need for prior cell expansion. Our study suggests that the SVF in combination with primary human chondrocytes may be a good cell combination for one-stage cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Henk-Jan Prins
- 3 Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry , Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,4 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, VU Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- 5 Department of Orthopedics, VU Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Evseenko
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 6 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- 6 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- 7 State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Marcel Karperien
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Much progress in understanding cell migration has been determined by using classic two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture platforms. However, increasingly, it is appreciated that certain properties of cell migration
in vivo are not represented by strictly 2D assays. There is much interest in creating relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture environments and engineered platforms to better represent features of the extracellular matrix and stromal microenvironment that are not captured in 2D platforms. Important to this goal is a solid understanding of the features of the extracellular matrix—composition, stiffness, topography, and alignment—in different tissues and disease states and the development of means to capture these features
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Carbone Cancer Center, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amrinder Nain
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have evolved in eukaryotes as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. The most abundant regulatory ncRNAs are the 20-24 nt small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, <200 nt). Each class of ncRNAs operates through distinct mechanisms, but their pathways to regulating gene expression are interrelated in ways that are just being recognized. While the importance of lncRNAs in epigenetic control of transcription, developmental processes and human traits is emerging, the identity of lncRNAs in skeletal biology is scarcely known. However, since the first profiling studies of miRNA at stages during osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, over 1100 publications related to bone biology and pathologies can be found, as well as many recent comprehensive reviews summarizing miRNA in skeletal cells. Delineating the activities and targets of specific miRNAs regulating differentiation of osteogenic and resorptive bone cells, coupled with in vivo gain- and loss-of-function studies, discovered unique mechanisms that support bone development and bone homeostasis in adults. We present here "guiding principles" for addressing biological control of bone tissue formation by ncRNAs. This review emphasizes recent advances in understanding regulation of the process of miRNA biogenesis that impact on osteogenic lineage commitment, transcription factors and signaling pathways. Also discussed are the approaches to be pursued for an understanding of the role of lncRNAs in bone and the challenges in addressing their multiple and complex functions. Based on new knowledge of epigenetic control of gene expression to be gained for ncRNA regulation of the skeleton, new directions for translating the miRNAs and lncRNAs into therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders are possible. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Epigenetics and Bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Q Hassan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Inhibitors of Wnt signaling have been shown to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) metastasis; however the role of Sclerostin (Sost) has not yet been explored. Here we show that elevated Wnt signaling derived from Sost deficient osteoblasts promotes PC invasion, while rhSOST has an inhibitory effect. In contrast, rhDKK1 promotes PC elongation and filopodia formation, morphological changes characteristic of an invasive phenotype. Furthermore, rhDKK1 was found to activate canonical Wnt signaling in PC3 cells, suggesting that SOST and DKK1 have opposing roles on Wnt signaling in this context. Gene expression analysis of PC3 cells co-cultured with OBs exhibiting varying amounts of Wnt signaling identified CRIM1 as one of the transcripts upregulated under highly invasive conditions. We found CRIM1 overexpression to also promote cell-invasion. These findings suggest that bone-derived Wnt signaling may enhance PC tropism by promoting CRIM1 expression and facilitating cancer cell invasion and adhesion to bone. We concluded that SOST and DKK1 have opposing effects on PC3 cell invasion and that bone-derived Wnt signaling positively contributes to the invasive phenotypes of PC3 cells by activating CRIM1 expression and facilitating PC-OB physical interaction. As such, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of SOST in vivo. We found that PC3-cells overexpressing SOST injected via the tail vein in NSG mice did not readily metastasize, and those injected intrafemorally had significantly reduced osteolysis, suggesting that targeting the molecular bone environment may influence bone metastatic prognosis in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
17
|
Matteucci E, Maroni P, Disanza A, Bendinelli P, Desiderio MA. Coordinate regulation of microenvironmental stimuli and role of methylation in bone metastasis from breast carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:64-76. [PMID: 26481505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bone metastasis is unclear, and much focus in metastatic biology and therapy relays on epigenetic alterations. Since DNA-methyltransferase blockade with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (dAza) counteracts tumour growth, here we utilized dAza to clarify whether molecular events undergoing epigenetic control were critical for bone metastatization. In particular, we investigated the patterns of secreted-protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and of Endothelin 1, affected by DNA methyltransferases in tumours, with the hypothesis that in bone metastasis a coordinate function of SPARC and Endothelin 1, if any occurs, was orchestrated by DNA methylation. To this purpose, we prepared a xenograft model with the clone 1833, derived from human-MDA-MB231 cells, and dAza administration slowed-down metastasis outgrowth. This seemed consequent to the reductions of SPARC and Endothelin 1 at invasive front and in the bone marrow, mostly due to loss of Twist. In the metastasis bulk Snail, partly reduced by dAza, might sustain Endothelin 1-SPARC cooperativity. Both SPARC and Endothelin 1 underwent post-translational control by miRNAs, a molecular mechanism that might explain the in vivo data. Ectopic miR29a reduced SPARC expression also under long-term dAza exposure, while Endothelin 1 down-regulation occurred in the presence of endogenous-miR98 expression. Notably, dAza effects differed depending on in vivo and in vitro conditions. In 1833 cells exposed to 30-days dAza, SPARC-protein level was practically unaffected, while Endothelin 1 induction depended on the 3'-UTR functionality. The blockade of methyltransferases leading to SPARC reduction in vivo, might represent a promising strategy to hamper early steps of the metastatic process affecting the osteogenic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Matteucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maroni
- Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM (FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology), Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Bendinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Alfonsina Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dole NS, Kapinas K, Kessler CB, Yee SP, Adams DJ, Pereira RC, Delany AM. A single nucleotide polymorphism in osteonectin 3' untranslated region regulates bone volume and is targeted by miR-433. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:723-32. [PMID: 25262637 PMCID: PMC4376624 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteonectin/SPARC is one of the most abundant noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins in bone, regulating collagen fiber assembly and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Osteonectin-null and haploinsufficient mice have low-turnover osteopenia, indicating that osteonectin contributes to normal bone formation. In male idiopathic osteoporosis patients, osteonectin 3' untranslated region (UTR) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes that differed only at SNP1599 (rs1054204) were previously associated with bone mass. Haplotype A (containing SNP1599G) was more frequent in severely affected patients, whereas haplotype B (containing SNP1599C) was more frequent in less affected patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that SNP1599 contributes to variability in bone mass by modulating osteonectin levels. Osteonectin 3' UTR reporter constructs demonstrated that haplotype A has a repressive effect on gene expression compared with B. We found that SNP1599G contributed to an miR-433 binding site, and miR-433 inhibitor relieved repression of the haplotype A, but not B, 3' UTR reporter construct. We tested our hypothesis in vivo, using a knock-in approach to replace the mouse osteonectin 3' UTR with human haplotype A or B 3' UTR. Compared with haplotype A mice, bone osteonectin levels were higher in haplotype B mice. B mice displayed higher bone formation rate and gained more trabecular bone with age. When parathyroid hormone was administered intermittently, haplotype B mice gained more cortical bone area than A mice. Cultured marrow stromal cells from B mice deposited more mineralized matrix and had higher osteocalcin mRNA compared with A mice, demonstrating a cell-autonomous effect on differentiation. Altogether, SNP1599 differentially regulates osteonectin expression and contributes to variability in bone mass, by a mechanism that may involve differential targeting by miR-433. This work validates the findings of the previous candidate gene study, and it assigns a physiological function to a common osteonectin allele, providing support for its role in the complex trait of skeletal phenotype. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ribeiro N, Sousa SR, Brekken RA, Monteiro FJ. Role of SPARC in bone remodeling and cancer-related bone metastasis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:17-26. [PMID: 24038053 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing socioeconomic recognition that clinical bone diseases such as bone infections, bone tumors and osteoporotic bone loss mainly associated with ageing, are major issues in today's society. SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), a matricellular glycoprotein, may be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or treating bone-related diseases. In fact, SPARC is associated with tissue remodeling, repair, development, cell turnover, bone mineralization and may also participate in growth and progression of tumors, namely cancer-related bone metastasis. Yet, the function of SPARC in such biological processes is poorly understood and controversial. The main objective of this work is to review the current knowledge related to the activity of SPARC in bone remodeling, tumorigenesis, and bone metastasis. Progress in understanding SPARC biology may provide novel strategies for bone regeneration and the development of anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, or counter-adhesive treatments specifically against bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilza Ribeiro
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tilbury K, Hocker J, Wen BL, Sandbo N, Singh V, Campagnola PJ. Second harmonic generation microscopy analysis of extracellular matrix changes in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:086014. [PMID: 25134793 PMCID: PMC4137064 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic fibrosis (IPF) have poor long-term survival as there are limited diagnostic/prognostic tools or successful therapies. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in IPF progression; however, the structural consequences on the collagen architecture have not received considerable attention. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy can quantitatively differentiate normal and IPF human tissues. For SHG analysis, we developed a classifier based on wavelet transforms, principle component analysis, and a K-nearest-neighbor algorithm to classify the specific alterations of the collagen structure observed in IPF tissues. The resulting ROC curves obtained by varying the numbers of principal components and nearest neighbors yielded accuracies of >95%. In contrast, simpler metrics based on SHG intensity and collagen coverage in the image provided little or no discrimination. We also characterized the change in the elastin/collagen balance by simultaneously measuring the elastin autofluorescence and SHG intensities and found that the IPF tissues were less elastic relative to collagen. This is consistent with known mechanical consequences of the disease. Understanding ECM remodeling in IPF via nonlinear optical microscopy may enhance our ability to differentiate patients with rapid and slow progression and, thus, provide better prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James Hocker
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bruce L. Wen
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ono M, Inkson CA, Sonn R, Kilts TM, de Castro LF, Maeda A, Fisher LW, Robey PG, Berendsen AD, Li L, McCartney-Francis N, Brown AC, Crawford NPS, Molinolo A, Jain A, Fedarko NS, Young MF. WISP1/CCN4: a potential target for inhibiting prostate cancer growth and spread to bone. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71709. [PMID: 23977121 PMCID: PMC3743748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of death in men however the factors that regulate its progression and eventual metastasis to bone remain unclear. Here we show that WISP1/CCN4 expression in prostate cancer tissues was up-regulated in early stages of the disease and, further, that it correlated with increased circulating levels of WISP1 in the sera of patients at early stages of the disease. WISP1 was also elevated in the mouse prostate cancer model TRAMP in the hypoplastic diseased tissue that develops prior to advanced carcinoma formation. When the ability of anti-WISP1 antibodies to reduce the spread of PC3-Luc cells to distant sites was tested it showed that twice weekly injections of anti-WISP1 antibodies reduced the number and overall size of distant tumors developed after intracardiac (IC) injection of PC3-Luc cells in mice. The ability of antibodies against WISP1 to inhibit growth of PC3-Luc cancer cells in mice was also evaluated and showed that twice weekly injections of anti-WISP1 antibodies reduced local tumor growth when examined in xenografts. To better understand the mechanism of action, the migration of PC3-Luc cells through membranes with or without a Matrigel™ barrier showed the cells were attracted to WISP1, and that this attraction was inhibited by treatment with anti-WISP1 antibodies. We also show the expression of WISP1 at the bone-tumor interface and in the stroma of early grade cancers suggested WISP1 expression is well placed to play roles in both fostering growth of the cancer and its spread to bone. In summary, the up-regulation of WISP1 in the early stages of cancer development coupled with its ability to inhibit spread and growth of prostate cancer cells makes it both a potential target and an accessible diagnostic marker for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ono
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shin M, Mizokami A, Kim J, Ofude M, Konaka H, Kadono Y, Kitagawa Y, Miwa S, Kumaki M, Keller ET, Namiki M. Exogenous SPARC suppresses proliferation and migration of prostate cancer by interacting with integrin β1. Prostate 2013; 73:1159-70. [PMID: 23532895 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) plays an important role on tumor metastasis and progression in several cancers. However, the roles of SPARC in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. METHODS To identify SPARC protein in prostate tissue, immunohistochemical analysis of SPARC was conducted using human prostate tissue microarray. To detect SPARC expression in prostate cancer (LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3) and stromal cells, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and ELISA was conducted. To reveal the function of exogenous SPARC in PCa cells, AKT phosphorylation was confirmed by western blot analysis after coculture with stromal cells. Proliferation and migration of PCa cells were examined by addition of SPARC. The interaction between SPARC and integrin β1 was confirmed by western blot analysis after immunoprecipitation. RESULTS SPARC protein was expressed well in normal tissue compared with PCa tissue. ELISA showed high secreted SPARC protein in normal prostate-derived stromal cell (PrSC) compared with PCa-derived stromal cell (PCaSC) and PCa. PCa cells cocultured with PrSC showed reduced AKT phosphorylation more than with PCaSC. PCa cells cocultured with PrSC whose SPARC was knocked-down restored AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, PCa cells treated with SPARC led to reduced AKT phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation with SPARC revealed interaction of SPARC and integrin β1 in PCa cells. Inhibited proliferation and migration of PCa cells by SPARC was restored by integrin β1 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SPARC secretion from stromal cells might affect PCa progression mediating through limiting AKT phosphorylation after interaction with integrin β1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Shin
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|