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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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3
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Ling CC, Yong VW, Xue M. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106282. [PMID: 37683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling of the ECM thereby affecting processes such as blood-brain barrier and cellular integrity. ECM components regulate leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, activate a variety of immune cells, and induce the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after stroke. In turn, excessive MMPs may degrade ECM into components that are pro-inflammatory and injurious. Conversely, in the later stages after stroke, several ECM molecules may contribute to tissue recovery. For example, thrombospondin-1 and biglycan may promote activity of regulatory T cells, inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and aid regenerative processes. We highlight these roles of the ECM in ischemic stroke and ICH and discuss their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss therapeutics that could be considered to normalize the ECM in stroke. Our goal is to spur research on the ECM in order to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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4
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Hoang NMH, Jo W, Kim MS. Protective effect of Prolactin releasing peptide against 1,2-diacetylbenzene -induced neuroinflammation. Neuropeptides 2023; 100:102349. [PMID: 37269608 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic for diabetes by the effect of food intake reduction, increasing leptin signaling, and insulin tolerance. Recent studies focused on its synaptogenesis and protective effects against neurodegeneration. Whereas 1,2-diacetylbenzene (DAB), a common metabolite of a neurotoxicant 1,2-diethyl benzene, causes memory impairment and neurotoxicity partly through the inflammatory process. Our present study assessed the effect of PrRP in microglia and its action in balancing the inflammation to protect against DAB. We observed that PrRP modulated NADPH oxidase - regulated NLRP3 inflammasome and PRL signaling pathways differently between physical and toxic conditions in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Hong Hoang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
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5
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PLGA-Based Micro/Nanoparticles: An Overview of Their Applications in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054333. [PMID: 36901762 PMCID: PMC10002081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are critical areas of medical research, as millions of people are affected worldwide. In fact, more than 9 million deaths worldwide were associated with respiratory diseases in 2016, equivalent to 15% of global deaths, and the prevalence is increasing every year as the population ages. Due to inadequate treatment options, the treatments for many respiratory diseases are limited to relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases are urgently needed. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro/nanoparticles (PLGA M/NPs) have good biocompatibility, biodegradability and unique physical and chemical properties, making them one of the most popular and effective drug delivery polymers. In this review, we summarized the synthesis and modification methods of PLGA M/NPs and their applications in the treatment of respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis (CF), etc.) and also discussed the research progress and current research status of PLGA M/NPs in respiratory diseases. It was concluded that PLGA M/NPs are the promising drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to their advantages of low toxicity, high bioavailability, high drug loading capacity, plasticity and modifiability. And at the end, we presented an outlook on future research directions, aiming to provide some new ideas for future research directions and hopefully to promote their widespread application in clinical treatment.
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6
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Poulis N, Martin M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY, Fioretta ES. Macrophage-extracellular matrix interactions: Perspectives for tissue engineered heart valve remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952178. [PMID: 36176991 PMCID: PMC9513146 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ heart valve tissue engineering approaches have been proposed as promising strategies to overcome the limitations of current heart valve replacements. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) generated from in vitro grown tissue engineered matrices (TEMs) aim at mimicking the microenvironmental cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to favor integration and remodeling of the implant. A key role of the ECM is to provide mechanical support to and attract host cells into the construct. Additionally, each ECM component plays a critical role in regulating cell adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation potential. Importantly, the immune response to the implanted TEHV is also modulated biophysically via macrophage-ECM protein interactions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the interactions and signaling networks occurring between ECM proteins and macrophages, and how these interactions may impact the long-term in situ remodeling outcomes of TEMs. First, we provide an overview of in situ tissue engineering approaches and their clinical relevance, followed by a discussion on the fundamentals of the remodeling cascades. We then focus on the role of circulation-derived and resident tissue macrophages, with particular emphasis on the ramifications that ECM proteins and peptides may have in regulating the host immune response. Finally, the relevance of these findings for heart valve tissue engineering applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Poulis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maximilian Y. Emmert, ,
| | - Emanuela S. Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Emanuela S. Fioretta,
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7
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Deb G, Cicala A, Papadas A, Asimakopoulos F. Matrix proteoglycans in tumor inflammation and immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C678-C693. [PMID: 35876288 PMCID: PMC9448345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunoediting progresses through elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Each of these phases is characterized by breaching, remodeling, and rebuilding tissue planes and structural barriers that engage extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular matrix proteoglycans. Some of the signals emanating from matrix proteoglycan remodeling are readily co-opted by the growing tumor to sustain an environment of tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive inflammation. Yet other matrix-derived cues can be viewed as part of a homeostatic response by the host, aiming to eliminate the tumor and restore tissue integrity. These latter signals may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes to tip the polarity of the tumor immune milieu toward anticancer immunity. In this review, we attempt to showcase the importance and complexity of matrix proteoglycan signaling in both cancer-restraining and cancer-promoting inflammation. We propose that the era of matrix diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer is fast approaching the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Deb
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander Cicala
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
| | - Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
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8
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Garantziotis S, Savani RC. Proteoglycans in Toll-like receptor responses and innate immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C202-C214. [PMID: 35675639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and dynamic feature of tissues that not only provides gross structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. The ever-changing microenvironment responds dynamically to cellular and external signals, and in turn influences cell fate, tissue development, and response to environmental injury or microbial invasion. It is therefore paramount to understand how the ECM components interact with each other, the environment and cells, and how they mediate their effects. Among the ECM components that have recently garnered increased attention, proteoglycans (PGs) deserve special note. Recent evidence strongly suggests that they play a crucial role both in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, proteoglycans dictate whether homeostasis or cell death will result from a given injury, by triggering and modulating activation of the innate immune system, via a conserved array of receptors that recognize exogenous (infectious) or endogenous (tissue damage) molecular patterns. Innate immune activation by proteoglycans has important implications for the understanding of cell-matrix interactions in health and disease. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of innate immune signaling by proteoglycans, discuss the implications, and explore future directions to define progress in this area of extracellular matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Center for Pulmonary & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Xia F, Li Y, Deng L, Ren R, Ge B, Liao Z, Xiang S, Zhou B. Alisol B 23-Acetate Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Inhibiting TLR4-NOX1/ROS Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911196. [PMID: 35774596 PMCID: PMC9237229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alisol B 23-Acetate (AB23A) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid, which can be indicated in the rhizome of medicinal and dietary plants from Alisma species. Previous studies have demonstrated that AB23A could inhibit intestinal permeability by regulating tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. Even so, the AB23A protective mechanism against intestinal barrier dysfunction remains poorly understood. This investigation seeks to evaluate the AB23A protective effects on intestinal barrier dysfunction and determine the mechanisms for restoring intestinal barrier dysfunction in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 monolayers. According to our findings, AB23A attenuated the inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production like IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and prevented the paracellular permeability by inhibiting the disruption of TJ in LPS-induced Caco-2 monolayers after treated with LPS. AB23A also inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, NOX1 overexpression and subsequent ROS generation in Caco-2 monolayers. Transfected with NOX1-specific shRNA diminished the up-regulating AB23A effect on ZO-1 and occludin expression. Moreover, transfected with shRNA of TLR4 not only enhanced ZO-1 and occludin expression but attenuated NOX1 expression and ROS generation. Therefore, AB23A ameliorates LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by inhibiting TLR4-NOX1/ROS signaling pathway in Caco-2 monolayers, suggesting that AB23A may have positive impact on maintaining the intestinal barrier’s integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Xia, ; Benjie Zhou,
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruxia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingchen Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziqiong Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Xia, ; Benjie Zhou,
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10
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Zhou S, Guo J, Liao X, Zhou Q, Qiu X, Jiang S, Xu N, Wang X, Zhao L, Hu W, Xie L, Xie P, Cui Y, Yang Y, Patzak A, Persson PB, Mao J, Lai EY. rhADAMTS13 reduces oxidative stress by cleaving VWF in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13778. [PMID: 34989474 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute kidney injury (AKI), a major health burden, lacks effective therapy. Anti-inflammatory actions of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13 (ADAMTS13) may provide a new treatment option for AKI. Along with inflammation, oxidative stress is critical for AKI development, yet the impact of ADAMTS13 on oxidative stress in AKI remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS We assess recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) actions on oxidative stress in a murine ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) model. Antioxidant stress-enzyme activities, renal morphology, kidney function markers and vascular function of isolated afferent arterioles are quantified. RESULTS rhADAMTS13 provided after IR, reduces blood urea nitrogen (BUN) by 33% and serum creatinine (Scr) by 73% in 24 hours post-IR. rhADAMTS13 reduces BUN (40.03 ± 20.34 mmol/L vs 72.35 ± 18.74 mmol/L, P < .01), Scr (75.67 ± 51.19 μmol/L vs 176.17 ± 55.38 μmol/L, P < .01) and proteinuria by 41% in 48 hours post-IR as well. Moreover, rhADAMTS13 administration decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases the activity of antioxidant stress enzymes, and attenuates reactive oxygen species production. rhADAMTS13 also upregulates nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2/haem oxygenase-1, enhances antioxidant enzymes activity and alleviates endothelial dysfunction. Finally, treatment with rhADAMTS13 mitigates severe functional and morphological injury present in IR mice. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation is limited by rhADAMTS13 and PPARγ expression is partly restored in ischaemic kidneys. Co-administration of von Willebrand factor (VWF) impairs rhADAMTS13's antioxidant capacity and its protective role in IR. CONCLUSION rhADAMTS13 alleviates renal IR injury through antioxidant effects by cleaving VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Guo
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney and Urology the Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Nan Xu
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney and Urology the Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Lanyu Xie
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Peng Xie
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Cui
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Yang
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - En Yin Lai
- Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney and Urology the Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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11
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Diehl V, Huber LS, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. The Role of Decorin and Biglycan Signaling in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801801. [PMID: 34917515 PMCID: PMC8668865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and adaptive nature of malignant neoplasm constitute a major challenge for the development of effective anti-oncogenic therapies. Emerging evidence has uncovered the pivotal functions exerted by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, in affecting tumor growth and progression. In their soluble forms, decorin and biglycan act as powerful signaling molecules. By receptor-mediated signal transduction, both proteoglycans modulate key processes vital for tumor initiation and progression, such as autophagy, inflammation, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Despite of their structural homology, these two proteoglycans interact with distinct cell surface receptors and thus modulate distinct signaling pathways that ultimately affect cancer development. In this review, we summarize growing evidence for the complex roles of decorin and biglycan signaling in tumor biology and address potential novel therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Jandl K, Mutgan AC, Eller K, Schaefer L, Kwapiszewska G. The basement membrane in the cross-roads between the lung and kidney. Matrix Biol 2021; 105:31-52. [PMID: 34839001 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a specialized layer of extracellular matrix components that plays a central role in maintaining lung and kidney functions. Although the composition of the BM is usually tissue specific, the lung and the kidney preferentially use similar BM components. Unsurprisingly, diseases with BM defects often have severe pulmonary or renal manifestations, sometimes both. Excessive remodeling of the BM, which is a hallmark of both inflammatory and fibrosing diseases in the lung and the kidney, can lead to the release of BM-derived matrikines, proteolytic fragments with distinct biological functions. These matrikines can then influence disease activity at the site of liberation. However, they are also released to the circulation, where they can directly affect the vascular endothelium or target other organs, leading to extrapulmonary or extrarenal manifestations. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the composition and function of the BM and its matrikines in health and disease, both in the lung and in the kidney. By comparison, we will highlight, why the BM and its matrikines may be central in establishing a renal-pulmonary interaction axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany..
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13
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Roles of Two Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans Decorin and Biglycan in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910584. [PMID: 34638928 PMCID: PMC8509074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), decorin and biglycan, play important roles in structural–functional integrity of the placenta and fetal membranes, and their alterations can result in several pregnancy-associated diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss normal placental structure and functions, define and classify SLRPs, and then focus on two SLRPs, decorin (DCN) and biglycan (BGN). We discuss the consequences of deletions/mutations of DCN and BGN. We then summarize DCN and BGN expression in the pregnant uterus, myometrium, decidua, placenta, and fetal membranes. Actions of these SLRPs as ligands are then discussed in the context of multiple binding partners in the extracellular matrix and cell surface (receptors), as well as their alterations in pathological pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Lastly, we raise some unanswered questions as food for thought.
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14
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Ghorbani S, Yong VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 144:1958-1973. [PMID: 33889940 PMCID: PMC8370400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination failure contributes to axonal loss and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. The failed repair process could be due to ongoing toxic neuroinflammation and to an inhibitory lesion microenvironment that prevents recruitment and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. The extracellular matrix molecules deposited into lesions provide both an altered microenvironment that inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and a fuel that exacerbates inflammatory responses within lesions. In this review, we discuss the extracellular matrix and where its molecules are normally distributed in an uninjured adult brain, specifically at the basement membranes of cerebral vessels, in perineuronal nets that surround the soma of certain populations of neurons, and in interstitial matrix between neural cells. We then highlight the deposition of different extracellular matrix members in multiple sclerosis lesions, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, collagens, laminins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin and others. We consider reasons behind changes in extracellular matrix components in multiple sclerosis lesions, mainly due to deposition by cells such as reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. We next discuss the consequences of an altered extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions. Besides impairing oligodendrocyte recruitment, many of the extracellular matrix components elevated in multiple sclerosis lesions are pro-inflammatory and they enhance inflammatory processes through several mechanisms. However, molecules such as thrombospondin-1 may counter inflammatory processes, and laminins appear to favour repair. Overall, we emphasize the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix, immune responses and remyelination in modulating lesions for recovery or worsening. Finally, we review potential therapeutic approaches to target extracellular matrix components to reduce detrimental neuroinflammation and to promote recruitment and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells to enhance remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Chen SW, Chou SH, Tung YC, Hsiao FC, Ho CT, Chan YH, Wu VCC, Chou AH, Hsu ME, Lin PJ, Kao WWY, Chu PH. Expression and role of lumican in acute aortic dissection: A human and mouse study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255238. [PMID: 34310653 PMCID: PMC8312931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening emergency, and lumican (LUM) is a potential Biomarker for AD diagnosis. We investigated LUM expression patterns in patients with AD and explored the molecular functions of Lum in AD mice model. Methods LUM expression patterns were analyzed using aortic tissues of AD patients, and serum soluble LUM (s-LUM) levels were compared between patients with acute AD (AAD) and chronic AD (CAD). Lum-knockout (Lum−/−) mice were challenged with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce AD. The survival rate, AD incidence, and aortic aneurysm (AA) in these mice were compared with those in BAPN–Ang II–challenged wildtype (WT) mice. Tgf-β/Smad2, Mmps, Lum, and Nox expression patterns were examined. Results LUM expression was detected in the intima and media of the ascending aorta in patients with AAD. Serum s-LUM levels were significantly higher in patients with AAD than CAD. Furthermore, AD-associated mortality and thoracic aortic rupture incidence were significantly higher in the Lum−/− AD mice than in the WT AD mice. However, no significant pathologic changes in AA were observed in the Lum−/− AD mice compared with the WT AD mice. The BAPN–Ang II–challenged WT and Lum−/− AD mice had higher Tgf-β, p-Smad2, Mmp2, Mmp9, and Nox4 levels than those of non-AD mice. We also found that Lum expression was significantly higher in the BAPN-Ang II–challenged WT in comparison to the unchallenged WT mice. Conclusion LUM expression was altered in patients with AD display increased s-LUM in blood, and Lum−/− mice exhibited augmented AD pathogenesis. These findings support the notion that LUM is a biomarker signifying the pathogenesis of injured aorta seen in AAD. The presence of LUM is essential for maintenance of connective tissue integrity. Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying LUM association in aortic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hsien Chou
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chang Tung
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Ho
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Victor Chien-Chia Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-En Hsu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Pyng-Jing Lin
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Winston W. Y. Kao
- Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Biglycan: A regulator of hepatorenal inflammation and autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:150-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Zeng-Brouwers J, Pandey S, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:887-906. [PMID: 32623933 PMCID: PMC7708667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sony Pandey
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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19
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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8125081. [PMID: 32425997 PMCID: PMC7222612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.
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20
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Roedig H, Damiescu R, Zeng-Brouwers J, Kutija I, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Danger matrix molecules orchestrate CD14/CD44 signaling in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:31-47. [PMID: 31412297 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor matrix together with inflammation and autophagy are crucial regulators of cancer development. Embedded in the tumor stroma are numerous proteoglycans which, in their soluble form, act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). By interacting with innate immune receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), DAMPs autonomously trigger aseptic inflammation and can regulate autophagy. Biglycan, a known danger proteoglycan, can regulate the cross-talk between inflammation and autophagy by evoking a switch between pro-inflammatory CD14 and pro-autophagic CD44 co-receptors for TLRs. Thus, these novel mechanistic insights provide some explanation for the plethora of reports indicating that the same matrix-derived DAMP acts either as a promoter or suppressor of tumor growth. In this review we will summarize and critically discuss the role of the matrix-derived DAMPs biglycan, hyaluronan, and versican in regulating the TLR-, CD14- and CD44-signaling dialogue between inflammation and autophagy with particular emphasis on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Roedig
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roxana Damiescu
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iva Kutija
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Griffiths HR, Rooney MCO, Perrie Y. Does Dysregulation of Redox State Underpin the Decline of Innate Immunity with Aging? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1014-1030. [PMID: 31989832 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Antibacterial defense invokes the innate immune system as a first responder, with neutrophils phagocytozing and forming neutrophil extracellular traps around pathogens in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Increased NOX2 activity and mitochondrial ROS production in phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) affect local cytokine secretion and proteolysis of antigens for presentation to T cells at the immune synapse. Uncontrolled oxidative post-translational modifications to surface and cytoplasmic proteins in APCs during aging can impair innate immunity. Recent Advances: NOX2 plays a role in the maturation of dendritic cells, but paradoxically NOX2 activity has also been shown to promote viral pathogenicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that a reducing environment is essential to inhibit pathogen proliferation, facilitate antigenic processing in the endosomal lumen, and enable an effective immune synapse between APCs and T cells. This suggests that the kinetics and location of ROS production and reducing potential are important for effective innate immunity. Critical Issues: During aging, innate immune cells are less well able to phagocytoze, kill bacteria/viruses, and process proteins into antigenic peptides-three key steps that are necessary for developing a specific targeted response to protect against future exposure. Aberrant control of ROS production and impaired Nrf2-dependent reducing potential may contribute to age-associated immune decline. Future Directions: Local changes in redox potential may be achieved through adjuvant formulations to improve innate immunity. Further work is needed to understand the timing of delivery for redox modulators to facilitate innate immune cell recruitment, survival, antigen processing and presentation activity without disrupting essential ROS-dependent bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C O Rooney
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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22
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Paeonol Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Suppressing TLR4-Induced NF- κB Inflammatory Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8641026. [PMID: 32104151 PMCID: PMC7035561 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8641026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proved in the development of MTX toxicity. Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of paeonol against MTX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats and to evaluate the various mechanisms that underlie this effect. Paeonol (100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 10 days. MTX cardiac toxicity was induced at the end of the fifth day of the experiment, with or without paeonol pretreatment. MTX-induced cardiac damage is evidenced by a distortion in the normal cardiac histological structure, with significant oxidative and nitrosative stress shown as a significant increase in NADPH oxidase-2, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels along with a decrease in reduced glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity compared to the control group. MTX-induced inflammatory effects are evidenced by the increased cardiac toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression and protein level as well as increased cardiac tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 levels along with increased nuclear factor- (NF-) κB/p65 immunostaining. MTX increased apoptosis as shown by the upregulation of cardiac caspase 3 immunostaining. Paeonol was able to correct the oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as the inflammatory and apoptotic parameters and restore the normal histological structure compared to MTX alone. In conclusion, paeonol has a protective effect against MTX-induced cardiac toxicity through inhibiting oxidative and nitrosative stress and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6 inflammatory pathway, as well as causing an associated reduction in the proapoptotic marker, caspase 3.
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23
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Chen S, Guo D, Lei B, Bi J, Yang H. Biglycan protects human neuroblastoma cells from nitric oxide-induced death by inhibiting AMPK-mTOR mediated autophagy and intracellular ROS level. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:657-668. [PMID: 31989342 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous proteoglycan, biglycan (BGN) acts as an important modulator, regulating key molecular pathways of metabolism and brain function. Autophagy is documented as a defining feature of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). In the present study, we found that BGN protected neuronal cells from nitric oxide (NO)-induced cell apoptosis. However, it is still unclear that whether the neuroprotective effect of BGN relates to autophagy. Here, we discovered that an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced autophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, including activating LC3B and inhibiting p62. Inhibiting autophagy by 3MA aggravated NO-induced cell death, otherwise promoting autophagy by Rapamycin rescued NO-triggered cell death. Notably, BGN downregulated by NO, significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells against NO-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the activation of autophagy-dependent AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, BGN overexpression also diminished NO-induced the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, but not NO content. These findings suggest that BGN protects neuroblastoma cells from NO-induced death by suppressing autophagy-dependent AMPK-mTOR signaling and intracellular ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
| | - Dandan Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Shangai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Lei
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Bi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Haijie Yang
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
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24
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Wang B, Chen L, Dai L, Fang W, Wang H. Alisol B 23-Acetate Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Suppressing Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8472-8481. [PMID: 31707400 PMCID: PMC6863037 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction during endotoxemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) is a triterpenoid extracted from the Rhizoma Alismatis, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity on endotoxemia. This investigation aimed to uncover the protective effects of AB23A against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Material/Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 mg/kg intravenous) stimulation, with or without pre-treatment of AB23A (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg). Histopathological staining and cardiac function were performed 4 hours after LPS stimulation. Then the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were monitored with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, H9C2 cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/mL) with or without pre-treated with AB23A (0.1 μM, 1 μM, or 10 μM), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH-DA combined with flow cytometry. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, P38, p-P38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p-ERK were assessed by western blotting. Results AB23A improved the survival rate and ameliorated myocardial injury, decreased inflammatory infiltration and the level of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the LPS-stimulated mouse model. Moreover, AB23A inhibited the ROS production in LPS-treated H9C2 cells. In addition, AB23A suppressed the levels of TLR4 and NOX2 as well as the activation levels of P38 and ERK both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions AB23A reduced LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and ROS production through the TLR4/NOX2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- BinYan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - LingHao Dai
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - WenMing Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Wang M, Xue S, Fang Q, Zhang M, He Y, Zhang Y, Lammi MJ, Cao J, Chen J. Expression and localization of the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan in articular cartilage of Kashin-Beck disease and rats induced by T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:451-459. [PMID: 31478096 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarthropathy of uncertain etiology. Our study sought to identify a correlation between small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan expression and Kashin-Beck Disease. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the decorin and biglycan levels in cartilage specimens from both child KBD patients, and rats fed with T-2 toxin under a selenium-deficient condition. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of decorin and biglycan in rat cartilages, as well as in C28/I2 chondrocytes stimulated by T-2 toxin and selenium in vitro. The result showed that decorin was reduced in all zones of KBD articular cartilage, while the expression of biglycan was prominently increased in KBD cartilage samples. Increased expression of biglycan and reduced expression of decorin were observed at mRNA and protein levels in the cartilage of rats fed with T-2 toxin and selenium- deficiency plus T-2 toxin diet, when compared with the normal diet group. Moreover, In vitro stimulation of C28/I2 cells with T-2 toxin resulted in an upregulation of biglycan and downregulation of decorin, T-2 toxin induction of biglycan and decorin levels were partly rescued by selenium supplement. This study highlights the focal nature of the degenerative changes that occur in KBD cartilage and may suggest that the altered expression pattern of decorin and biglycan have an important role in the onset and pathogenesis of KBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Senhai Xue
- Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Junling Cao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yamada T, Ohta K, Motooka Y, Fujino K, Kudoh S, Tenjin Y, Sato Y, Matsuo A, Ikeda K, Suzuki M, Ito T. Significance of Tsukushi in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tzanakakis G, Neagu M, Tsatsakis A, Nikitovic D. Proteoglycans and Immunobiology of Cancer-Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2019; 10:875. [PMID: 31068944 PMCID: PMC6491844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disparity during the resolution of inflammation is closely related with the initiation and progression of the tumorigenesis. The transformed cells, through continuously evolving interactions, participate in various exchanges with the surrounding microenvironment consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cytokines embedded in the ECM, as well as the stromal cells. Proteoglycans (PGs), complex molecules consisting of a protein core into which one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are covalently tethered, are important regulators of the cell/matrix interface and, consecutively, biological functions. The discrete expression of PGs and their interacting partners has been distinguished as specific for disease development in diverse cancer types. In this mini-review, we will critically discuss the roles of PGs in the complex processes of cancer-associated modulation of the immune response and analyze their mechanisms of action. A deeper understanding of mechanisms which are capable of regulating the immune response could be harnessed to treat malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Biglycan is a new high-affinity ligand for CD14 in macrophages. Matrix Biol 2019; 77:4-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Roedig H, Nastase MV, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Breaking down chronic inflammatory diseases: the role of biglycan in promoting a switch between inflammation and autophagy. FEBS J 2019; 286:2965-2979. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Roedig
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Klinikum der Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Madalina Viviana Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Klinikum der Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Klinikum der Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany
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A coumarin analogue NFA from endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus improves drought resistance in rice as an antioxidant. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 30808281 PMCID: PMC6390358 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought and its resulting oxidative damage are the major yield limiting factors for crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Recent studies have found that endophytic fungi coexisting in plants can alleviate biotic or abiotic damage to plant growth and development. In order to screen for the endophytes associated with drought stress, 12 strains of endophytic fungi with high antioxidant activity isolated from riparian plants Myricaria laxiflora were evaluated for their effects in rice by the crude extracts. RESULTS Of the 12 endophytic fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus SG-17 functioned most effectively, with the crude extract exhibiting relatively higher antioxidant capacity both in vivo and in vitro. The subsequent MS and NMR analysis showed that the primary substance responsible for the antioxidant activity in the extract was (Z)-N-(4-hydroxystyryl) formamide (NFA), an analogue of coumarin. Enzyme activity assay in nerve cells SH-SY5Y showed that NFA could maintain the membrane integrity and regulate the antioxidase activity under oxidative stress. In rice suffering drought stress, NFA effectively alleviated the harm by regulating the contents of NADPH oxidases, antioxidants and heat shock proteins, all of which are closely related with the reactive oxygen species pathway. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that some endophytes from plants often subjected to flooding and oxidative stress could enhance drought resistance by producing compounds such as NFA to regulate the oxidative pathway.
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Biglycan evokes autophagy in macrophages via a novel CD44/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling axis in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2019; 95:540-562. [PMID: 30712922 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, acts as a danger signal and is classically thought to promote macrophage recruitment via Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. We have recently shown that biglycan signaling through TLR 2/4 and the CD14 co-receptor regulates inflammation, suggesting that TLR co-receptors may determine whether biglycan-TLR signaling is pro- or anti-inflammatory. Here, we sought to identify other co-receptors and characterize their impact on biglycan-TLR signaling. We found a marked increase in the number of autophagic macrophages in mice stably overexpressing soluble biglycan. In vitro, stimulation of murine macrophages with biglycan triggered autophagosome formation and enhanced the flux of autophagy markers. Soluble biglycan also promoted autophagy in human peripheral blood macrophages. Using macrophages from mice lacking TLR2 and/or TLR4, CD14, or CD44, we demonstrated that the pro-autophagy signal required TLR4 interaction with CD44, a receptor involved in adhesion, migration, lymphocyte activation, and angiogenesis. In vivo, transient overexpression of circulating biglycan at the onset of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) enhanced M1 macrophage recruitment into the kidneys of Cd44+/+ and Cd44-/- mice but not Cd14-/- mice. The biglycan-CD44 interaction increased M1 autophagy and the number of renal M2 macrophages and reduced tubular damage following IRI. Thus, CD44 is a novel signaling co-receptor for biglycan, an interaction that is required for TLR4-CD44-dependent pro-autophagic activity in macrophages. Interfering with the interaction between biglycan and specific TLR co-receptors could represent a promising therapeutic intervention to curtail kidney inflammation and damage.
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Jin F, Liu D, Yu H, Qi J, You Y, Xu X, Kang X, Wang X, Lu K, Ying X, You J, Du Y, Ji J. Sialic Acid-Functionalized PEG-PLGA Microspheres Loading Mitochondrial-Targeting-Modified Curcumin for Acute Lung Injury Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:71-85. [PMID: 30431285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness without resultful therapeutic methods commonly. Recent studies indicate the importance of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of ALI, and mitochondria targeted antioxidant has become a difficult and hot topic in the research of ALI. Therefore, a sialic acid (SA)-modified lung-targeted microsphere (MS) for ALI therapy are developed, with triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP)-modified curcumin (Cur-TPP) loaded, which could specifically target the mitochondria, increasing the effect of antioxidant. The results manifest that with the increase of microsphere, lung distribution of microsphere is also increased in murine mice, and after SA modification, the microsphere exhibits the ideal lung-targeted characteristic in ALI model mice, due to SA efficiently targeting to E-selectin expressed on inflammatory tissues. Further investigations indicate that SA/Cur-TPP/MS has better antioxidative capacity, decreases intracellular ROS generation, and increases mitochondrial membrane potential, contributing to a lower apoptosis rate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to H2O2 group. In vivo efficacy of SA/Cur-TPP/MS demonstrates that the inflammation has been alleviated markedly and the oxidative stress is ameliorated efficiently. Significant histological improvements by SA/Cur-TPP/MS are further proved via HE stains. In conclusion, SA/Cur-TPP/MS might act as a promising drug formulation for ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Hui Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yuchan You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xuqi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Kongjun Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaoying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research , Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University , Lishui 323000 , China
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Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Beckmann J, Tredup C, Christen U, Radeke HH, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Biglycan, a novel trigger of Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment into the kidney. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:293-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schaefer L. Decoding fibrosis: Mechanisms and translational aspects. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:1-7. [PMID: 29679639 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, a complex process of abnormal tissue healing which inevitably leads to loss of physiological organ structure and function, is a worldwide leading cause of death. Despite a large body of research over the last two decades, antifibrotic approaches are mainly limited to organ replacement therapy generating high costs of medical care. In this translational issue, a unique group of basic and clinical researchers provide meaningful answers to a desperate call of society for effective antifibrotic treatments. Fortunately, a plethora of novel fibrogenic factors and biomarkers has been identified. Noninvasive diagnostic methods and drug delivery systems have been recently developed for the management of fibrosis. Consequently, a large number of exciting clinical trials addressing comprehensive, organ and stage-specific mechanisms of fibrogenesis are ongoing. By critically addressing previously unsuccessful and novel promising therapeutic strategies, we aim to spread hope for future treatments of the various forms of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
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Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Targeting renal fibrosis: Mechanisms and drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:295-307. [PMID: 29288033 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common outcome of many chronic kidney diseases (CKD) independent of the underlying etiology. Despite a host of promising experimental data, currently available strategies only ameliorate or delay the progression of CKD but do not reverse fibrosis. One of the major impediments of translating novel antifibrotic strategies from bench to bedside is due to the intricacies of the drug delivery process. In this review, we briefly describe mechanisms of renal fibrosis and methods of drug transfer into the kidney. Various tools used in gene therapy to administer nucleic acids in vivo are discussed. Furthermore, we review the modes of action of protein- or peptide-based drugs with target-specific antibodies and cytokines incorporated in hydrogels. Additionally, we assess an intriguing new method to deliver drugs specifically to tubular epithelial cells via conjugation with ligands binding to the megalin receptor. Finally, plant-derived compounds with antifibrotic properties are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Avenue, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Avenoso A, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Calatroni A, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. The proteoglycan biglycan mediates inflammatory response by activating TLR-4 in human chondrocytes: Inhibition by specific siRNA and high polymerized Hyaluronan. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:75-82. [PMID: 29339093 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration are hallmarks of wear, tear, mechanical and inflammatory damage of the joint cartilage. Tissue degradation as well as compromising the integrity and function of the organ, produces different intermediates, directly able to stimulate further inflammatory effect, therefore, amplifying the inflammation response. Biglycan is a soluble component of the extracellular matrix that is released during tissue injury. It has been reported that released biglycan is an endogenous ligand for TLR-2/4 in some cell type. We studied the role of biglycan in an experimental model of biglycan-induced inflammatory response in human chondrocytes and the effect of high polymerized HA on reducing its activity. Exposition of chondrocytes to LPS generated cell injury, including high levels of biglycan. Chondrocyte treatment with biglycan produces a high mRNA expression of several detrimental inflammation mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-13, and IL-17, as well as NF-kB and TLR-4 activation. Administration of high polymerized HA to chondrocytes exposed to biglycan was able to attenuate the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of the inflammatory mediators. Involvement of the TLR-4 in the mediation of the biglycan action was confirmed using a specific silent agent (siRNA). Taken together, these data could be used to develop new anti-inflammatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Calatroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Nastase MV, Janicova A, Roedig H, Hsieh LTH, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Renal Inflammation: Two Sides of the Coin. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:261-272. [PMID: 29290137 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417738752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family act in their soluble form, released proteolytically from the extracellular matrix (ECM), as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). By interacting with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the inflammasome, the two SLRPs, biglycan and decorin, autonomously trigger sterile inflammation. Recent data indicate that these SLRPs, besides their conventional role as pro-inflammatory DAMPs, additionally trigger anti-inflammatory signaling pathways to tightly control inflammation. This is brought about by selective employment of TLRs, their co-receptors, various adaptor molecules, and through crosstalk between SLRP-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, and sphingolipid-signaling. In this review, the complexity of SLRP signaling in immune and kidney resident cells and its relevance for renal inflammation is discussed. We propose that the dichotomy in SLRP signaling (pro- and anti-inflammatory) allows for fine-tuning the inflammatory response, which is decisive for the outcome of inflammatory kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrea Janicova
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Roedig
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:213-227. [PMID: 29290139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417740880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lv J, He X, Wang H, Wang Z, Kelly GT, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang T, Qian Z. TLR4-NOX2 axis regulates the phagocytosis and killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:194. [PMID: 29233104 PMCID: PMC5727946 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages stand at the forefront of both innate and adapted immunity through their capacities to recognize, engulf, and eliminate foreign particles, and to stimulate adapted immune cells. They are also involved in controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Macrophage activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) has been shown to involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and ROS production. Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), through TLR4, could activate macrophages, improve their bactericidal ROS production, and facilitate anti-infective immune responses. We sought to better understand the role of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in macrophage activation during M. tuberculosis infection. Methods THP-1 macrophages and PMA primed THP-1 macrophages [THP-1(A)] were treated with LPS and infected by M. tuberculosis. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for TLR4 expression, ROS production, phagocytosis, and killing of M. tuberculosis. Western blotting was used to analyze NOX2 expression. Inhibitors of the TLR4-NOX2 pathway were used to assess this pathway’s role in these processes, and their role in LPS activation of macrophages. Results We found that THP1-derived macrophages or PMA primed THP-1 macrophages exhibit higher surface TLR4 levels and increased NOX2 expression levels following LPS treatment. M. tuberculosis infection reduced these levels, but LPS was able to limit the negative effects of M.tb. Additionally, LPS increases THP-1(A) cells’ bactericidal activities including phagocytosis, ROS production, and destruction of M. tuberculosis. Significantly, all of these activities are impaired when TLR4 or NOX2 are inhibited. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the importance of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in M. tuberculosis elimination by macrophages and may lead to novel therapies for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bengbu Infectious Disease Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital; Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
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Nastase MV, Janicova A, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Signaling at the Crossroads: Matrix-Derived Proteoglycan and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:855-873. [PMID: 28510506 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Proteoglycans (PGs), besides their structural contribution, have emerged as dynamic components that mediate a multitude of cellular events. The various roles of PGs are attributed to their structure, spatial localization, and ability to act as ligands and receptors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small mediators that are generated in physiological and pathological conditions. Besides their reactivity and ability to induce oxidative stress, a growing body of data suggests that ROS signaling is more relevant than direct radical damage in development of human pathologies. Recent Advances: Cell surface transmembrane PGs (syndecans, cluster of differentiation 44) represent receptors in diverse and complex transduction networks, which involve redox signaling with implications in cancer, fibrosis, renal dysfunction, or Alzheimer's disease. Through NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent ROS, the extracellular PG, hyaluronan is involved in osteoclastogenesis and cancer. The ROS sources, NOX1 and NOX4, increase biglycan-induced inflammation, while NOX2 is a negative regulator. CRITICAL ISSUES The complexity of the mechanisms that bring ROS into the light of PG biology might be the foundation of a new research area with significant promise for understanding health and disease. Important aspects need to be investigated in PG/ROS signaling: the discovery of specific targets of ROS, the precise ROS-induced chemical modifications of these targets, and the study of their pathological relevance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As we become more and more aware of the interactions between PG and ROS signaling underlying intracellular communication and cell fate decisions, it is quite conceivable that this field will allow to identify new therapeutic targets.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 855-873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina-Viviana Nastase
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,2 National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrea Janicova
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hsieh LTH, Nastase MV, Roedig H, Zeng-Brouwers J, Poluzzi C, Schwalm S, Fork C, Tredup C, Brandes RP, Wygrecka M, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer L. Biglycan- and Sphingosine Kinase-1 Signaling Crosstalk Regulates the Synthesis of Macrophage Chemoattractants. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030595. [PMID: 28282921 PMCID: PMC5372611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In its soluble form, the extracellular matrix proteoglycan biglycan triggers the synthesis of the macrophage chemoattractants, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand CCL2 and CCL5 through selective utilization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecules. However, the respective downstream signaling events resulting in biglycan-induced CCL2 and CCL5 production have not yet been defined. Here, we show that biglycan stimulates the production and activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in a TLR4- and Toll/interleukin (IL)-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon (IFN)-β (TRIF)-dependent manner in murine primary macrophages. We provide genetic and pharmacological proof that SphK1 is a crucial downstream mediator of biglycan-triggered CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA and protein expression. This is selectively driven by biglycan/SphK1-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear factor NF-κB p65 subunit, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Importantly, in vivo overexpression of soluble biglycan causes Sphk1-dependent enhancement of renal CCL2 and CCL5 and macrophage recruitment into the kidney. Our findings describe the crosstalk between biglycan- and SphK1-driven extracellular matrix- and lipid-signaling. Thus, SphK1 may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in biglycan-evoked inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Madalina-Viviana Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Avenue, Bucharest 031299, Romania.
| | - Heiko Roedig
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Chiara Poluzzi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Christian Fork
- Institut für Kardiovaskulare Physiologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskulare Physiologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, Giessen 35392, Germany.
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
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Schaefer L, Tredup C, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan neofunctions: regulation of inflammation and autophagy in cancer biology. FEBS J 2017; 284:10-26. [PMID: 27860287 PMCID: PMC5226885 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and autophagy have emerged as prominent issues in the context of proteoglycan signaling. In particular, two small, leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, play pivotal roles in the regulation of these vital cellular pathways and, as such, are intrinsically involved in cancer initiation and progression. In this minireview, we will address novel functions of biglycan and decorin in inflammation and autophagy, and analyze new emerging signaling events triggered by these proteoglycans, which directly or indirectly modulate these processes. We will critically discuss the dual role of proteoglycan-driven inflammation and autophagy in tumor biology, and delineate the potential mechanisms through which soluble extracellular matrix constituents affect the microenvironment associated with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria A. Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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The Overexpression of NALP3 Inflammasome in Knee Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Synovial Membrane Prolidase and NADPH Oxidase 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1472567. [PMID: 27777643 PMCID: PMC5061982 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1472567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. We aimed to clarify the role of prooxidant enzyme content at the synovial membrane level and how it correlates with the inflammatory process in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In synovial membranes from KOA patients and control group, we analyzed the protein content of prooxidant enzymes such as Nox2, xanthine oxidase (XO), and prolidase as well as the proinflammatory NALP3. Results show that protein content of prolidase and Nox2 increased 4.8- and 8.4-fold, respectively, and XO showed an increasing trend, while the NALP3 inflammasome increased 5.4-fold with respect to control group. Levels of prolidase and XO had a positive correlation between the levels of NALP3 and Nox2. By principal component analysis the protein expression pattern by study groups was evaluated. Three clusters were identified; protein expression patterns were higher for clusters two (prolidase) and three (XO and Nox2) between KOA patients and controls. Data suggest that prooxidant enzymes increase in synovial membrane of KOA patients and may contribute to the inflammatory state and degradation of the articular cartilage.
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Frey H, Moreth K, Hsieh LTH, Zeng-Brouwers J, Rathkolb B, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Iozzo RV, de Angelis MH, Schaefer L. A novel biological function of soluble biglycan: Induction of erythropoietin production and polycythemia. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:393-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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