1
|
Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stephan D, Roger A, Aghzadi J, Carmona S, Picard C, Dales JP, Desplat-Jégo S. TWEAK and TNFα, Both TNF Ligand Family Members and Multiple Sclerosis-Related Cytokines, Induce Distinct Gene Response in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36292599 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the TNF ligand family involved in various diseases including brain inflammatory pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. It has been demonstrated that TWEAK can induce cerebrovascular permeability in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. The molecular mechanisms playing a role in TWEAK versus TNFα signaling on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells are not well defined. Therefore, we aimed to identify gene expression changes in cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) to address changes initiated by TWEAK exposure. Taken together, our studies highlighted that gene involved in leukocyte extravasation, notably claudin-5, were differentially modulated by TWEAK and TNFα. We identified differential gene expression of hCMEC/D3 cells at three timepoints following TWEAK versus TNFα stimulation and also found distinct modulations of several canonical pathways including the actin cytoskeleton, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Rho family GTPases, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study to interrogate and compare the effects of TWEAK versus TNFα on gene expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
3
|
Amorim VR, Rodrigues DCDN, Silva JDN, Ramos CLS, Almeida LMN, Almeida AAC, Pinheiro-Neto FR, Almeida FRC, Rizzo MS, Pereira-Freire JA, Ferreira PMP. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of fruits and by-products from Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic plant with functional benefits . J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:441-457. [PMID: 33641623 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1881672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa L., traditionally known as "buriti", exhibits chemoprotective properties including antioxidant, antithrombotic, and nutritional actions. The aim of this study was to examine the oral anti-inflammatory activity of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp obtained from M. flexuosa fruits using in vivo models to verify physiological benefits. The anti-edematogenic action was determined using phlogistic agents to induce paw edema and peritonitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell migration of peritoneal cells, histological changes, and abdominal swelling induced by acetic acid were also investigated. Carrageenan-induced edema was found to be decreased in mice pre-treated with epicarp by 50.8%, 53.7% and 39.2% and mesocarp by 41.8%, 65.3% and 71.9% after 2, 3, and 4 hr stimuli, respectively. Edema initiated by specific agents such as compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandin E2 were also reduced, and better outcomes were found against histamine-induced edema, as evidenced by the decline at all times analyzed (30-120 min) with both doses of water extract of mesocarp (500 or 1000 mg/kg). Mesocarp-pre-treatment reduced inflammatory tissue parameters such as number of peritoneal leukocytes and TNF-α levels, but only epicarp diminished abdominal pain. In summary, M. flexuosa fruits, especially mesocarp, exhibited oral physiological benefits and capacity to modify biochemical and cellular steps in the inflammatory cascade, indicating that dietary supplements containing these fruits may be combined with pharmacological tools to ameliorate or prevent diseases of inflammatory origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Rodrigues Amorim
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Débora Caroline do Nascimento Rodrigues
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Laboratory for Food Analysis, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carla Lorena Silva Ramos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Nunes Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Antonia Amanda Cardoso Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Ribeiro Pinheiro-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Castro Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arif N, Zinnhardt M, Nyamay’Antu A, Teber D, Brückner R, Schaefer K, Li Y, Trappmann B, Grashoff C, Vestweber D. PECAM-1 supports leukocyte diapedesis by tension-dependent dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106113. [PMID: 33604918 PMCID: PMC8090850 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation is an essential step during the immune response and requires the destabilization of endothelial junctions. We have shown previously that this process depends in vivo on the dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin-Y731. Here, we reveal the underlying mechanism. Leukocyte-induced stimulation of PECAM-1 triggers dissociation of the phosphatase SHP2 which then directly targets VE-cadherin-Y731. The binding site of PECAM-1 for SHP2 is needed for VE-cadherin dephosphorylation and subsequent endocytosis. Importantly, the contribution of PECAM-1 to leukocyte diapedesis in vitro and in vivo was strictly dependent on the presence of Y731 of VE-cadherin. In addition to SHP2, dephosphorylation of Y731 required Ca2+ -signaling, non-muscle myosin II activation, and endothelial cell tension. Since we found that β-catenin/plakoglobin mask VE-cadherin-Y731 and leukocyte docking to endothelial cells exert force on the VE-cadherin-catenin complex, we propose that leukocytes destabilize junctions by PECAM-1-SHP2-triggered dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin-Y731 which becomes accessible by actomyosin-mediated mechanical force exerted on the VE-cadherin-catenin complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Arif
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Maren Zinnhardt
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | | | - Denise Teber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Randy Brückner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | | | - Yu‐Tung Li
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | | | - Carsten Grashoff
- Institute for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samus M, Li YT, Sorokin L, Rottner K, Vestweber D. Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Supporting Leukocyte Infiltration into the Central Nervous System. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1389-404. [PMID: 31911458 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1266-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for immune surveillance but is also the basis for the development of pathologic inflammatory conditions within the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The actin-binding protein, cortactin, in endothelial cells is an important player in regulating the interaction of immune cells with the vascular endothelium. Cortactin has been shown to control the integrity of the endothelial barrier and to support neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo in the skin. Here we use cortactin gene-inactivated male and female mice to study the role of this protein in EAE. Inducing EAE by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) revealed an ameliorated disease course in cortactin gene-deficient female mice compared with WT mice. However, proliferation capacity and expression of IL-17A and IFNγ by cortactin-deficient and WT splenocytes did not differ, suggesting that the lack of cortactin does not affect induction of the immune response. Rather, cortactin deficiency caused decreased vascular permeability and reduced leukocyte infiltration into the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice. Accordingly, cortactin gene-deficient mice had smaller numbers of proinflammatory cuffs, less extensive demyelination, and reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines within the neural tissue compared with WT littermates. Thus, cortactin contributes to the development of neural inflammation by supporting leukocyte transmigration through the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, represents a potential candidate for targeting CNS autoimmunity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder, based on the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into the CNS where these cells cause demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and show that gene inactivation of cortactin, an actin binding protein that modulates actin dynamics and branching, protects against neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Leukocyte infiltration into the CNS was inhibited in cortactin-deficient mice, and lack of cortactin in cultured primary brain endothelial cells inhibited leukocyte transmigration. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS and induction of vascular permeability were reduced. We conclude that cortactin represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li YT, Goswami D, Follmer M, Artz A, Pacheco-Blanco M, Vestweber D. Blood flow guides sequential support of neutrophil arrest and diapedesis by PILR-β1 and PILR-α. eLife 2019; 8:47642. [PMID: 31385804 PMCID: PMC6699825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrest of rapidly flowing neutrophils in venules relies on capturing through selectins and chemokine-induced integrin activation. Despite a long-established concept, we show here that gene inactivation of activating paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (PILR)-β1 nearly halved the efficiency of neutrophil arrest in venules of the mouse cremaster muscle. We found that this receptor binds to CD99, an interaction which relies on flow-induced shear forces and boosts chemokine-induced β2-integrin-activation, leading to neutrophil attachment to endothelium. Upon arrest, binding of PILR-β1 to CD99 ceases, shifting the signaling balance towards inhibitory PILR-α. This enables integrin deactivation and supports cell migration. Thus, flow-driven shear forces guide sequential signaling of first activating PILR-β1 followed by inhibitory PILR-α to prompt neutrophil arrest and then transmigration. This doubles the efficiency of selectin-chemokine driven neutrophil arrest by PILR-β1 and then supports transition to migration by PILR-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tung Li
- Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Debashree Goswami
- Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Melissa Follmer
- Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Annette Artz
- Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrés-Benito P, Moreno J, Domínguez R, Aso E, Povedano M, Ferrer I. Inflammatory Gene Expression in Whole Peripheral Blood at Early Stages of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 29081763 PMCID: PMC5645505 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterization of altered expression of selected transcripts linked to inflammation in the peripheral blood of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients at early stage of disease to increase knowledge about peripheral inflammatory response in sALS. METHODS RNA expression levels of 45 genes were assessed by RT-qPCR in 22 sALS cases in parallel with 13 age-matched controls. Clinical and serum parameters were assessed at the same time. RESULTS Upregulation of genes coding for factors involved in leukocyte extravasation (ITGB2, INPP5D, SELL, and ICAM1) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP9 and TIMP2), as well as downregulation of certain chemokines (CCL5 and CXC5R), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, TGFB2, and IL10RA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), and T-cell regulators (CD2 and TRBC1) was found in sALS cases independently of gender, clinical symptoms at onset (spinal, respiratory, or bulbar), progression, peripheral leukocyte number, and integrity of RNA. MMP9 levels positively correlated with age, whereas CCR5, CCL5, and TRBC1 negatively correlated with age in sALS but not in controls. Relatively higher TNFA expression levels correlate with higher creatinine kinase protein levels in plasma. CONCLUSION Present findings show early inflammatory responses characterized by upregulation of factors enabling extravasation of leukocytes and extracellular matrix remodeling in blood in sALS cases, in addition to increased TNFA levels paralleling skeletal muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Latasiewicz J, Artz A, Jing D, Blanco MP, Currie SM, Avila MV, Schnoor M, Vestweber D. HS1 deficiency impairs neutrophil recruitment in vivo and activation of the small GTPases Rac1 and Rap1. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:1133-1142. [PMID: 28122813 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0416-195r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extravasation is a critical step of the innate immune system's response to inflammation. This multistep process is tightly regulated by adhesion and signaling molecules in the endothelium and neutrophils. Activation of the β2 integrin LFA-1 is critical for adhesion of leukocytes to postcapillary venules. This step requires coordinated activation of signaling pathways in chemokine-stimulated neutrophils, including GTPase activation and cytoskeletal remodeling, leading to conformational changes in LFA-1. Hematopoietic cell-specific lyn substrate 1 (HS1) is a cortactin-related and leukocyte-specific actin-binding protein (ABP) that regulates several processes in various immune cells. It has been shown in vitro that HS1 is important for neutrophil chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of NK cells, but its role in neutrophil extravasation in vivo has not been investigated yet. Intravital microscopy of CXCL1-stimulated cremaster venules revealed an increased rolling velocity and reduced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in HS1 knockout (KO) mice. CXCL1-induced rapid neutrophil arrest in vivo and adhesion under flow conditions in vitro were also reduced significantly. Whereas random motility of neutrophils was unaffected, chemotaxis toward a CXCL1 gradient was reduced in the absence of HS1. Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms demonstrated that HS1 controls CXCL1-induced activation of the small GTPases Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), thus supporting LFA-1-mediated neutrophil adhesion. Importantly, with the use of Rac1 KO neutrophils, we could show that Rac1 acts upstream of Rap1. Our results establish HS1 as an important regulator of proper Rac1 and Rap1 activation and neutrophil extravasation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Latasiewicz
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Annette Artz
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Ding Jing
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Mariana Pacheco Blanco
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Silke M Currie
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Martha Velázquez Avila
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vestweber D, Zeuschner D, Rottner K, Schnoor M. Cortactin regulates the activity of small GTPases and ICAM-1 clustering in endothelium: Implications for the formation of docking structures. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e23862. [PMID: 24665381 PMCID: PMC3879184 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is an actin-binding molecule that regulates various cellular processes requiring actin dynamics. We recently described cortactin-deficient mice and despite its pivotal role for actin remodeling in vitro, these mice are surprisingly healthy. Analyzing cortactin functions in endothelium under inflammatory conditions, we found that cortactin is required for endothelial barrier functions and leukocyte extravasation in vivo. Importantly, these effects were not regulated by defective actin dynamics but instead by a failure to activate the small GTPases Rap1 and RhoG in endothelial cells. Defective RhoG signaling led to reduced ICAM-1 clustering that supported the interaction with leukocytes. These clusters originally seen as rings surrounding adherent leukocytes actually represented in many cases ICAM-1 containing protrusions as they were described before as docking structures. Thus, cortactin is essential for the formation of endothelial docking structures as well as for leukocyte adhesion and extravasation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Vestweber
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology; Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology; Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Actin Dynamics and Motility Unit; Institute of Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany ; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine; CINVESTAV; Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burrows GG, Maziarz RT, Hunady K, Lehman N, Raber A, Deans RJ, Van't Hof W. Human multipotent adult progenitor cells transcriptionally regulate fucosyltransferase VII. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:566-75. [PMID: 24176542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Targeted recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation is a crucial event in normal host defense against pathogens, and attachment to and rolling on activated endothelial cells is a prerequisite first step for eventual leukocyte extravasation into sites of inflammation. These key events are mediated by interactions between glycosylated ligands expressed on leukocytes and selectins expressed on activated endothelium. Cell surface expression of selectin ligands on leukocytes is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme fucosyltransferase VII (Fut7), and in its absence extravasation of leukocytes is severely inhibited. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are an adherent cell population isolated from adult bone marrow. Intravenous administration of MAPCs provided functional improvement in multiple pre-clinical models of injury or disease, but the mechanisms by which these outcomes were achieved remain poorly understood. METHODS In vitro cell analysis studies including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, messenger RNA analysis, T-cell proliferation assays and endothelial cell binding assays were performed. RESULTS The in vitro cell analysis studies characterized the ability of MAPCs to secrete factors that transcriptionally attenuate expression of Fut7 in T cells, blocking the terminal fucosylation event in the biosynthesis of selectin ligands and reducing T-cell binding to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first example of a distinct regulatory mechanism involving transcriptional down-regulation of Fut7 by MAPCs that could modulate the trafficking behavior of T cells in vivo.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and adhesion to the endothelial lining is a major cause of edema formation. Although known to be dependent on the function of beta(2) integrins (CD11/CD18), the precise mechanisms by which adherent PMNs may impair endothelial barrier capacity remain unclear. Here, the role of transmembrane signaling by beta(2) integrins in PMN-induced alterations in tight junctional permeability of cultured endothelial cell (EC) monolayers was investigated. PMN activation, in the absence of proinflammatory stimuli, was accomplished through antibody cross-linking of CD11b/CD18, mimicking adhesion-dependent receptor engagement. CD18 cross-linking in PMNs added to the EC monolayer provoked a prompt increase in EC permeability that coincided with a rise in EC cytosolic free Ca(2+) and rearrangement of actin filaments, events similar to those evoked by chemoattractant PMN activation. Cell-free supernatant obtained after CD18 cross-linking in suspended PMNs triggered an EC response indistinguishable from that induced by direct PMN activation, and caused clear-cut venular plasma leakage when added to the hamster cheek pouch in vivo preparation. The PMN-evoked EC response was specific to beta(2) integrin engagement inasmuch as antibody cross-linking of l-selectin or CD44 was without effect on EC function. Our data demonstrate a causal link between outside-in signaling by beta(2) integrins and the capacity of PMNs to induce alterations in vascular permeability, and suggest a paracrine mechanism that involves PMN-derived cationic protein(s) in the cellular crosstalk between PMNs and ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Gautam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hedqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
1. Extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and associated plasma leakage are key events in the inflammatory process. The kinetics of PMN-induced changes in endothelial barrier function were studied by means of confluent monolayers of bovine aorta or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC), cultured on permeable membranes and mounted in a two-compartment diffusion chamber. The model permitted continuous measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and analysis of protein efflux and PMN migration across the EC monolayer. 2. Transendothelial chemotactic stimulation (fMLP or LTB4) of PMN resting on EC in the upper compartment induced a prompt decline in TEER, followed by an increase in protein flux and transmigration of PMN. Adding the chemoattractant together with PMN in the upper compartment provoked adhesion of PMN, fall in TEER and increase in protein permeability, but no transmigration of PMN, whereas inhibition of PMN adhesion to EC by pretreatment with anti-CD18 mAb prevented all responses to chemotactic stimulation. 3. Chemoattractant-induced adhesion of PMN to the EC monolayer induced a rapid rise in EC cytosolic free Ca2+, similar to that obtained by direct stimulation of EC with histamine, indicating an active response of EC to PMN activation and adhesion. 4. In summary, continuous recording of transendothelial electrical resistance in the in vitro model described permits rapid and sensitive analysis of leukocyte activation-induced effects on EC barrier function. The kinetics and specificity of the EC and PMN responses to chemoattractant stimulation suggest that activated PMN, via adhesion-dependent events, have a direct effect on EC junctional integrity independent of whether transmigration occurs or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gautam
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|