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Dingle SE, Milte CM, Daly RM, Torres SJ. Attitudes and Considerations for Multidomain Lifestyle Approaches to Dementia Prevention: A Qualitative Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:939-949. [PMID: 38160351 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, with the most common form being Alzheimer's disease, is a global health issue and lifestyle-based strategies may reduce risk. Individuals with a family history of dementia are an important target group, but little is known about their attitudes and perceptions of dementia risk reduction. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the attitudes to and key considerations for multidomain lifestyle-based dementia prevention strategies in middle-aged Australians with a family history of dementia. METHODS Twenty participants (80% female; age range 47-65 years), undertook semi-structured phone-based interviews. Inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted. Hierarchical coding frames and illustrative quotes were compiled and critically challenged until a final set of themes was produced. RESULTS Some participants expressed a positive attitude toward lifestyle-based dementia prevention. Reasons related to wanting to future proof, believing that risk reduction is relevant at all life stages and/or that there is always room for improvement. Other participants had a negative attitude, expressing that they were already following a healthy lifestyle, did not feel it was relevant to them yet, and/or held a deterministic view that dementia is random. Important considerations congregated on the themes of being tailored/personalized, taking a holistic approach, and involving small, achievable steps. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with a family history of dementia, a positive attitude to dementia prevention holds promise for intervention efforts, but in individuals expressing negative attitudes, further education and individual-level counselling may be warranted. Multidomain lifestyle-based preventive strategies also need to be tailored to the needs of key target groups to optimize appeal and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Dingle
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Milte
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan J Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Mishra P, Davies DA, Albensi BC. The Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1515-1526. [PMID: 36512265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-menopausal women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) than males. The higher rates of AD in women are associated with the sharp decline in the estrogen levels after menopause. Estrogen has been shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS), which has a neuroprotective role against neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Sustained neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration and contributes to AD. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved with the modulation of inflammation and interacts with estrogen to influence the progression of AD. Application of 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to inhibit NF-κB, thereby reducing transcription of NF-κB target genes. Despite accumulating evidence showing that estrogens have beneficial effects in pre-clinical AD studies, there are mixed results with hormone replacement therapy in clinical trials. Furthering our understanding of how NF-κB interacts with estrogen and alters the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including AD, should be beneficial and result in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mishra
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Don A Davies
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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3
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Paulsen AJ, Pinto AA, Merten N, Schubert CR, Chen Y, Klein BE, Meuer SM, Cruickshanks KJ. Association of Central Retinal Arteriolar and Venular Equivalents with Brain-aging and Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2023; 30:103-111. [PMID: 35343859 PMCID: PMC9515234 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2057550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in aging are growing public health concerns. This study investigates associations between central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (CRAE, CRVE) and brain-aging, a sensory and cognitive test composite measure, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, a biomarker of neurodegeneration. METHODS Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants are adult children (baseline (2005-2008) age 21-84 years) of the population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study participants. Follow-up occurred every 5 years. In 2010-2013, fundus photographs were used to measure retinal vessels. A brain-aging score was constructed by principal component analysis using sensorineural and cognitive data. Associations between incident brain-aging and vessel measures were investigated using logistic regression. Associations between CRAE and CRVE and mGCIPL thickness, measured in 2015-2017, were also investigated. RESULTS Participants (N = 2381; mean age: 53.9 years (SD = 9.8); 54% women) had a mean CRAE and CRVE of 148.8 µm (SD = 14.5) and 221.7 µm (SD = 20.7), respectively. Among those without ocular conditions, wider CRAE was associated with decreased 5-year brain-aging risk (33% per SD CRAE increase). Both vessel measures were independently associated with mGCIPL thickness. The mGCIPL thickness increased by approximately 1.7 µm and 2.0 µm per SD increase in CRAE and CRVE, respectively. DISCUSSION The association of CRAE with incident brain-aging indicates its potential use as a screening tool among those without eye disease. The associations between CRAE and CRVE and mGCIPL thickness indicate narrower vasculature could affect neuronal health. These associations point to potential usefulness of retinal vessel measurements to identify people at higher risk of sensorineural declines and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Paulsen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Alex A. Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Natascha Merten
- Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Carla R. Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Stacy M. Meuer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
| | - Karen J. Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI
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Early visual alterations in individuals at-risk of Alzheimer's disease: a multidisciplinary approach. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:19. [PMID: 36694201 PMCID: PMC9872347 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earliest pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appear decades before the clinical symptoms. The pathology affects the brain and the eye, leading to retinal structural changes and functional visual alterations. Healthy individuals at high risk of developing AD present alterations in these ophthalmological measures, as well as in resting-state electrophysiological activity. However, it is unknown whether the ophthalmological alterations are related to the visual-related electrophysiological activity. Elucidating this relationship is paramount to understand the mechanisms underlying the early deterioration of the system and an important step in assessing the suitability of these measures as early biomarkers of disease. METHODS In total, 144 healthy subjects: 105 with family history of AD and 39 without, underwent ophthalmologic analysis, magnetoencephalography recording, and genotyping. A subdivision was made to compare groups with less demographic and more risk differences: 28 high-risk subjects (relatives/APOEɛ4 +) and 16 low-risk (non-relatives/APOEɛ4 -). Differences in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and macular thickness were evaluated. Correlations between each variable and visual-related electrophysiological measures (M100 latency and time-frequency power) were calculated for each group. RESULTS High-risk groups showed increased visual acuity. Visual acuity was also related to a lower M100 latency and a greater power time-frequency cluster in the high-risk group. Low-risk groups did not show this relationship. High-risk groups presented trends towards a greater contrast sensitivity that did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The highest-risk group showed trends towards the thinning of the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers that did not remain significant after correction. The correlation between contrast sensitivity and macular thickness, and the electrophysiological measures were not significant after correction. The difference between the high- and low- risk groups correlations was no significant. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this paper is the first of its kind, assessing the relationship between ophthalmological and electrophysiological measures in healthy subjects at distinct levels of risk of AD. The results are novel and unexpected, showing an increase in visual acuity among high-risk subjects, who also exhibit a relationship between this measure and visual-related electrophysiological activity. These results have not been previously explored and could constitute a useful object of research as biomarkers for early detection and the evaluation of potential interventions' effectiveness.
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Machine learning for comprehensive prediction of high risk for Alzheimer's disease based on chromatic pupilloperimetry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9945. [PMID: 35705601 PMCID: PMC9200977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are no reliable biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the preclinical stage. This study assessed the pupil light reflex (PLR) for focal red and blue light stimuli in central and peripheral retina in 125 cognitively normal middle age subjects (45–71 years old) at high risk for AD due to a family history of the disease (FH+), and 61 age-similar subjects with no family history of AD (FH−) using Chromatic Pupilloperimetry coupled with Machine Learning (ML). All subjects had normal ophthalmic assessment, and normal retinal and optic nerve thickness by optical coherence tomography. No significant differences were observed between groups in cognitive function and volumetric brain MRI. Chromatic pupilloperimetry-based ML models were highly discriminative in differentiating subjects with and without AD family history, using transient PLR for focal red (primarily cone-mediated), and dim blue (primarily rod-mediated) light stimuli. Features associated with transient pupil response latency (PRL) achieved Area Under the Curve Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.90 ± 0.051 (left-eye) and 0.87 ± 0.048 (right-eye). Parameters associated with the contraction arm of the rod and cone-mediated PLR were more discriminative compared to parameters associated with the relaxation arm and melanopsin-mediated PLR. Significantly shorter PRL for dim blue light was measured in the FH+ group in two test targets in the temporal visual field in right eye that had highest relative weight in the ML algorithm (mean ± standard error, SE 0.449 s ± 0.007 s vs. 0.478 s ± 0.010 s, p = 0.038). Taken together our study suggests that subtle focal changes in pupil contraction latency may be detected in subjects at high risk to develop AD, decades before the onset of AD clinical symptoms. The dendrites of melanopsin containing retinal ganglion cells may be affected very early at the preclinical stages of AD.
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Wang H, Chen H, Fu Y, Liu M, Zhang J, Han S, Tian Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123715. [PMID: 35744838 PMCID: PMC9227219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and several cancers resulting from tobacco smoking, are initially characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Cytokine imbalances can result in inflammation, making it important to understand the pathological mechanisms behind cytokine production. In this study, we collected blood samples from 78 healthy male volunteers, including non-smokers (n = 30), current smokers (n = 30), and ex-smokers (n = 18), and utilized the liquid suspension chip technique to investigate and compare the expression levels of 17 cytokines and chemokines in the human serum of these volunteers. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of CXCL9/MIG and sIL-6R significantly increased after smoking, and continued to increase after quitting smoking. The expression levels of TARC, ITAC, and sVEGFR-3 increased after smoking but decreased after quitting smoking; the expression level of SAA significantly decreased after smoking and showed an upward trend after quitting smoking. Seven cytokines (IL-1β, BCA-1, TNF-α, CRP, ENA-78, MDC, and TNFRII) did not vary between the three groups, while four cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and SCF) were not detected in any serum sample. In conclusion, this study assessed the physiological production of cytokines and chemokines, highlighting the differences in each due to smoking status. Our results could help evaluate the early development of smoking-related chronic diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongwei Hou
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-135-9809-8330 (H.H.); +86-139-0384-3190 (Q.H.); Fax: +86-0371-67672625 (H.H. & Q.H.)
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-135-9809-8330 (H.H.); +86-139-0384-3190 (Q.H.); Fax: +86-0371-67672625 (H.H. & Q.H.)
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Xue B, Waseem SMA, Zhu Z, Alshahrani MA, Nazam N, Anjum F, Habib AH, Rafeeq MM, Nazam F, Sharma M. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Connecting Link Between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:925991. [PMID: 35692417 PMCID: PMC9177140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.925991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) involving tropomyosin kinase B and low affinity p75 neurotropin receptors is the most abundant and researched neurotropins in mammal’s brain. It is one of the potential targets for therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) owing to its key role in synaptic plasticity. Low levels of BDNF are implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases including AD. However, a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and dietary modifications are shown to positively influence insulin regulation in the brain, reduce inflammation, and up-regulate the levels of BDNF, and are thus expected to have roles in AD. In this review, the relationship between BDNF, mental health, and AD is discussed. Insights into the interrelationships between nutrition, lifestyle, and environment with BDNF and possible roles in AD are also provided in the review. The review sheds light on the possible new therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhixin Zhu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed A. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Nazam
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hamed Habib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Nazam
- Section of Psychology, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Monika Sharma,
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Characterization of Retinal Drusen in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease: An Exploratory Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050847. [PMID: 35629270 PMCID: PMC9145327 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and being a carrier of at least one ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are two of the main risk factors for the development of AD. AD and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) share one of the main risk factors, such as age, and characteristics including the presence of deposits (Aβ plaques in AD and drusen in AMD); however, the role of apolipoprotein E isoforms in both pathologies is controversial. We analyzed and characterized retinal drusen by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in subjects, classifying them by their AD FH (FH- or FH+) and their allelic characterization of ApoE ɛ4 (ApoE ɛ4- or ApoE ɛ4+) and considering cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus). In addition, we analyzed the choroidal thickness by OCT and the area of the foveal avascular zone with OCTA. We did not find a relationship between a family history of AD or any of the ApoE isoforms and the presence or absence of drusen. Subjects with drusen show choroidal thinning compared to patients without drusen, and thinning could trigger changes in choroidal perfusion that may give rise to the deposits that generate drusen.
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Hüttenrauch M, Lopez-Noguerola JS, Castro-Obregón S. Connecting Mind-Body Therapy-Mediated Effects to Pathological Features of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S65-S90. [PMID: 33044183 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that represents a major and increasing global health challenge. In most cases, the first clinical symptoms of AD are preceded by neuropathological changes in the brain that develop years to decades before their onset. Therefore, research in the last years has focused on this preclinical stage of AD trying to discover intervention strategies that might, if implemented effectively, delay or prevent disease progression. Among those strategies, mind-body therapies such as yoga and meditation have gained increasing interest as complementary alternative interventions. Several studies have reported a positive impact of yoga and meditation on brain health in both healthy older adults and dementia patients. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms contributing to these effects are currently not known in detail. More specifically, it is not known whether yogic interventions, directly or indirectly, can modulate risk factors or pathological mechanisms involved in the development of dementia. In this article, we first review the literature on the effects of yogic practices on outcomes such as cognitive functioning and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Then, we analyze how yogic interventions affect different risk factors as well as aspects of AD pathophysiology based on observations of studies in healthy individuals or subjects with other conditions than dementia. Finally, we integrate this evidence and propose possible mechanisms that might explain the positive effects of yogic interventions in cognitively impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hüttenrauch
- División de Neurosciencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Sócrates Lopez-Noguerola
- Área Académica de Gerontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- División de Neurosciencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Ramírez-Toraño F, Abbas K, Bruña R, Marcos de Pedro S, Gómez-Ruiz N, Barabash A, Pereda E, Marcos A, López-Higes R, Maestu F, Goñi J. A Structural Connectivity Disruption One Decade before the Typical Age for Dementia: A Study in Healthy Subjects with Family History of Alzheimer's Disease. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab051. [PMID: 34647029 PMCID: PMC8501268 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the brain has shifted to a complex system where different subnetworks support the human cognitive functions. Neurodegenerative diseases would affect the interactions among these subnetworks and, the evolution of impairment and the subnetworks involved would be unique for each neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we seek for structural connectivity traits associated with the family history of Alzheimer's disease, that is, early signs of subnetworks impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. The sample in this study consisted of 123 first-degree Alzheimer's disease relatives and 61 nonrelatives. For each subject, structural connectomes were obtained using classical diffusion tensor imaging measures and different resolutions of cortical parcellation. For the whole sample, independent structural-connectome-traits were obtained under the framework of connICA. Finally, we tested the association of the structural-connectome-traits with different factors of relevance for Alzheimer's disease by means of a multiple linear regression. The analysis revealed a structural-connectome-trait obtained from fractional anisotropy associated with the family history of Alzheimer's disease. The structural-connectome-trait presents a reduced fractional anisotropy pattern in first-degree relatives in the tracts connecting posterior areas and temporal areas. The family history of Alzheimer's disease structural-connectome-trait presents a posterior-posterior and posterior-temporal pattern, supplying new evidences to the cascading network failure model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Kausar Abbas
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marcos de Pedro
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Educación y Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid 28010, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Natividad Gómez-Ruiz
- Sección Neurorradiología, Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barabash
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid 28029, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Group, Department of Industrial Engineering & IUNE & ITB, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38205, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón López-Higes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestu
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
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Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060638. [PMID: 34199664 PMCID: PMC8229973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using OCT-angiography and compared the results with ApoE gene expression, AD FH+, and the presence or absence of hard drusen (HD) in 184 cognitively healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness was statistically significantly different in the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD+) group compared with (i) both the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD−) and the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD+) groups in the superior and inferior points at 1500 μm, and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group in the superior point at 1500 μm. There were statistically significant differences in the superficial FAZ between the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group and (i) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD−) group and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD−) group. In conclusion, ocular vascular changes are not yet evident in participants with a genetic risk of developing AD.
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Bondonno CP, Bondonno NP, Dalgaard F, Murray K, Gardener SL, Martins RN, Rainey‐Smith SR, Cassidy A, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Kyrø C, Gislason G, Scalbert A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Hodgson JM. Flavonoid intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12175. [PMID: 34027025 PMCID: PMC8118115 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective studies investigating flavonoid intake and dementia risk are scarce. The aims of this study were to examine associations between flavonoid intake and the risk of incident dementia and to investigate whether this association differs in the presence of lifestyle risk factors for dementia. METHODS We examined associations in 55,985 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study followed for 23 years. The Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate flavonoid intakes. Information on incident dementia and dementia subtypes was obtained using Danish patient and prescription registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using restricted cubic splines in multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS For incident dementia, moderate compared to low intakes of flavonols (HR: 0.90 [0.82, 0.99]), flavanol oligo+polymers (HR: 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]), anthocyanins (HR: 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]), flavanones (HR: 0.89 [0.80, 0.99]), and flavones (HR: 0.85 [0.77, 0.95]) were associated with a lower risk. For vascular dementia, moderate intakes of flavonols (HR: 0.69 [0.53, 0.89]) and flavanol oligo + polymers (HR: 0.65 [0.51, 0.83]) were associated with lower risk. Flavonoid intakes were not significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease or unspecified dementia. The inverse association between total flavonoid intake and incident dementia was stronger in "ever" smokers than in "never" smokers and in those without hypercholesterolemia versus those with hypercholesteremia. Furthermore, the inverse association of vascular dementia with a moderate total flavonoid intake was stronger in "ever" smokers and those who were "normal" to "overweight" versus "never" smokers or those who were "obese," respectively. CONCLUSION A moderate intake of flavonoid-rich foods may help to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Nicola P. Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Frederik Dalgaard
- Department of CardiologyHerlev & Gentofte University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey‐Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- The Danish Cancer Society Research CentreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of CardiologyHerlev & Gentofte University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- The National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- The Danish Heart FoundationCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Society Research CentreCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Aalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
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13
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Kumar VV, Huang H, Zhao L, Verble DD, Nutaitis A, Tharwani SD, Brown AL, Zetterberg H, Hu W, Shin R, Kehoe PG, Quyyumi A, Nocera J, Kippels A, Wharton W. Baseline Results: The Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Pathology (ASCEND) Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:109-117. [PMID: 32280088 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of AD for African Americans (AAs) is 64% higher than for non-Hispanic White Americans (Whites). It is hypothesized that poor peripheral vascular function, in combination with genetics, stress, and inflammation may directly contribute to the accumulation of AD pathologic biomarkers. These risk factors may disproportionately affect AAs. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine if in a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD (1) AD biomarkers in CSF differ by race, (2) peripheral vascular dysfunction and cognition are related to a higher burden of CSF AD biomarkers, and (3) these relationships differ by race. METHODS We enrolled 82 cognitively normal, middle-aged (45 and older) adults including AAs and Whites at high risk for AD due to parental history. Study procedures included lumbar puncture, vascular ultrasound, and cognitive testing. RESULTS While participants were in overall good health, AAs exhibited poorer indices of preclinical vascular health, including higher central SBP, central MAP, and EndoPAT AI, a marker of arterial stiffness. AAs also had significantly less cerebrospinal fluid tau burden than Whites. After polynomial regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, education, and ApoE4 status, race significantly modified the relationship between total tau, phospho-tau, and Trails B, a marker of executive function. Small differences in tau correlated with poorer cognition in AAs. CONCLUSION In a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD, AAs had worse peripheral vascular health and worse cognition than Whites. Despite lower tau burden overall, race modified the relationship between tau and cognition, such that small differences in tau between AAs was related to worse cognition when compared to Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena V Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanfeng Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle D Verble
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nutaitis
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonum D Tharwani
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Brown
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - William Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Shin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Arshed Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joe Nocera
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Kippels
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Ravona-Springer R, Sharvit-Ginon I, Ganmore I, Greenbaum L, Bendlin BB, Sternberg SA, Livny A, Domachevsky L, Sandler I, Ben Haim S, Golan S, Ben-Ami L, Lesman-Segev O, Manzali S, Heymann A, Beeri MS. The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) Study: Design and Baseline Characteristics. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:777-788. [PMID: 33044181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased dementia-risk. OBJECTIVE The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) is a prospective longitudinal study of asymptomatic middle-aged offspring of AD patients (family history positive; FH+) and controls (whose parents have aged without dementia; FH-) aimed to unravel the contribution of midlife factors to future cognitive decline and dementia. Here we present the study design, methods, and baseline characteristics. METHODS Participants are members of the Maccabi Health Services, 40-65 years of age, with exquisitely detailed laboratory, medical diagnoses and medication data available in the Maccabi electronic medical records since 1998. Data collected through IRAP include genetic, sociodemographic, cognitive, brain imaging, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics at baseline and every three years thereafter. RESULTS Currently IRAP has 483 participants [mean age 54.95 (SD = 6.68) and 64.8% (n = 313) women], 379 (78.5%) FH+, and 104 (21.5%) FH-. Compared to FH-, FH+ participants were younger (p = 0.011), more often males (p = 0.003) and with a higher prevalence of the APOE E4 allele carriers (32.9% FH+, 22% FH-; p = 0.040). Adjusting for age, sex, and education, FH+ performed worse than FH-in global cognition (p = 0.027) and episodic memory (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Lower cognitive scores and higher rates of the APOE E4 allele carriers among the FH+ group suggest that FH ascertainment is good. The combination of long-term historical health-related data available through Maccabi with the multifactorial information collected through IRAP will potentially enable development of dementia-prevention strategies already in midlife, a critical period in terms of risk factor exposure and initiation of AD-neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Sharvit-Ginon
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Israel Sandler
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Simona Ben Haim
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London and UCL Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sapir Golan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liat Ben-Ami
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigalit Manzali
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Bradley D. Clusterin as a Potential Biomarker of Obesity-Related Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920964108. [PMID: 33110346 PMCID: PMC7555556 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920964108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 35% of the adult US population is obese. In turn, excess adiposity increases the risk of multiple complications including type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease; yet, obesity also independently heightens risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), even after adjusting for other important confounding risk factors including blood pressure, sociodemographics, cholesterol levels, smoking status, and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. Among patients over the age of 65 with dementia, 37% have coexisting diabetes, and an estimated 7.3% of cases of AD are directly attributable to midlife obesity. Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is a multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as a molecular chaperone, assisting folding of secreted proteins. Clusterin has been implicated in several physiological and pathological states, including AD, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease. Despite long-standing interest in elucidating clusterin's relationship with amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation/clearance and toxicity, significant knowledge gaps still exist. Altered clusterin expression and protein levels have been linked with cognitive and memory function, disrupted central nervous system lipid flux, as well as pathogenic brain structure; and its role in cardiometabolic disease suggests that it may be a link between insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and AD. Here, we briefly highlight clusterin's relevance to AD by presenting existing evidence linking clusterin to AD and cardiometabolic disease, and discussing its potential utility as a biomarker for AD in the presence of obesity-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Ramírez-Toraño F, Bruña R, de Frutos-Lucas J, Rodríguez-Rojo IC, Marcos de Pedro S, Delgado-Losada ML, Gómez-Ruiz N, Barabash A, Marcos A, López Higes R, Maestú F. Functional Connectivity Hypersynchronization in Relatives of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: An Early E/I Balance Dysfunction? Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1201-1210. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies on animal models, and humans showed a tendency of the brain tissue to become hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized, causing neurodegeneration. However, we know little about either the onset of this phenomenon or its early effects on functional brain networks. We studied functional connectivity (FC) on 127 participants (92 middle-age relatives of AD patients and 35 age-matched nonrelatives) using magnetoencephalography. FC was estimated in the alpha band in areas known both for early amyloid accumulation and disrupted FC in MCI converters to AD. We found a frontoparietal network (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal frontal, and precuneus) where relatives of AD patients showed hypersynchronization in high alpha (not modulated by APOE-ε4 genotype) in comparison to age-matched nonrelatives. These results represent the first evidence of neurophysiological events causing early network disruption in humans, opening a new perspective for intervention on the excitation/inhibition unbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - R Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - J de Frutos-Lucas
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - I C Rodríguez-Rojo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Centro Universitario Villanueva, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - S Marcos de Pedro
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Facultad de Educación y Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28010, Spain
| | - M L Delgado-Losada
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - N Gómez-Ruiz
- Sección Neurorradiología, Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A Barabash
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R López Higes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - F Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28223, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28029, Spain
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17
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Common Brain Structural Alterations Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Alzheimer's Dementia: Future Directions and Implications. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:546-557. [PMID: 33011894 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest declines in the age-specific risk of Alzheimer's dementia in higher income Western countries. At the same time, investigators believe that worldwide trends of increasing mid-life modifiable risk factors [e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors] coupled with the growth of the world's oldest age groups may nonetheless lead to an increase in Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, understanding the overlap in neuroanatomical profiles associated with CVD risk factors and AD may offer more relevant targets for investigating ways to reduce the growing dementia epidemic than current targets specific to isolated AD-related neuropathology. We hypothesized that a core group of common brain structural alterations exist between CVD risk factors and Alzheimer's dementia. Two co-authors conducted independent literature reviews in PubMed using search terms for CVD risk factor burden (separate searches for 'cardiovascular disease risk factors', 'hypertension', and 'Type 2 diabetes') and 'aging' or 'Alzheimer's dementia' with either 'grey matter volumes' or 'white matter'. Of studies that reported regionally localized results, we found support for our hypothesis, determining 23 regions commonly associated with both CVD risk factors and Alzheimer's dementia. Within this context, we outline future directions for research as well as larger cerebrovascular implications for these commonalities. Overall, this review supports previous as well as more recent calls for the consideration that both vascular and neurodegenerative factors contribute to the pathogenesis of dementia.
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18
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Hackney ME, McCullough LE, Bay AA, Silverstein HA, Hart AR, Shin RJ, Wharton W. Rationale and Design of a Clinical Trial of Adapted Tango to Improve Negative Health Impacts in Middle Aged African-American Female Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease (ACT Trial). J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:767-775. [PMID: 30883357 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in memory loss and a severe reduction in ability to perform activities of daily living. The role of caring for someone with AD frequently falls to female family members, often daughters. The burden of caregiving can increase stress and anxiety and cause health decline in the caregiver. The combination of ethnicity-related genetic factors promoting the development of dementias among African-Americans (AA) and the increased risk among women for developing AD means that AA women who are caregivers of a parent with AD are at great risk for developing dementias including AD. The proposed study would compare the cognitive, motor, and psychosocial benefits of a well-established 12 week, 20-lesson adapted Argentine Tango intervention (N = 30) to a no-contact control group (N = 10) in middle-aged (45-65 years) AA women who are caregivers of a parent with AD in the metro Atlanta area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Hackney
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Allison A Bay
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hayley A Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ariel R Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan J Shin
- Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- Department of Neurology, Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
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19
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Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Fischer ME, Pinto AA, Chen Y, Huang GH, Klein BEK, Klein R, Pankow JS, Paulsen AJ, Dalton DS, Tweed TS. Sensorineural Impairments, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and 10-Year Incidence of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Midlife: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1786-1792. [PMID: 30629132 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural impairments and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and disease (CVD) in midlife may be important predictors of future cognitive health, but longitudinal studies that include multiple sensorineural measures in middle-aged adults are lacking. METHODS Hearing, vision, and olfaction, and CVRF and CVD were measured at the Beaver Dam Offspring Study baseline (2005-2008) examination. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Tests A and B were administered at all phases and additional cognitive function measures were obtained at 5 (2010-2013) and 10 years (2015-2017). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between baseline sensorineural impairments, CVRF, CVD, and 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment and decline. RESULTS There were 2,556 participants (22-84 years) without cognitive impairment at baseline and data from at least one follow-up. In a multivariable model including age, sex, education, and head injury, visual impairment (hazard ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.34, 5.02), olfactory impairment (hazard ratio = 3.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.53, 6.59), CVD (hazard ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 4.52), and not consuming alcohol in the past year (hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.16, 4.19) were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment. Current smoking and diabetes were associated with increased risk, and exercise with decreased risk, of 10-year decline in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Visual and olfactory impairments, CVRF, and CVD were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment and decline in middle-aged adults. Identifying modifiable factors associated with cognitive decline and impairment in midlife may provide opportunities for prevention or treatment and improve cognitive health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Karen J Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mary E Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - A Alex Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Guan-Hua Huang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Adam J Paulsen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Dayna S Dalton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ted S Tweed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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20
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Park KS, Ganesh AB, Berry NT, Mobley YP, Karper WB, Labban JD, Wahlheim CN, Williams TM, Wideman L, Etnier JL. The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:231. [PMID: 32503473 PMCID: PMC7274941 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By 2050, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States is predicted to reach 13.8 million. Despite worldwide research efforts, a cure for AD has not been identified. Thus, it is critical to identify preventive strategies that can reduce the risk of or delay the onset of AD. Physical activity (PA) has potential in this regard. This randomized clinical trial aims to (a) test the causal relationship between PA and AD-associated cognitive function for persons with a family history of AD (FH+), (b) determine the moderating role of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) carrier status on cognition, and (c) assess cerebral structure, cerebral function, and putative biomarkers as mediators of the effects of PA on cognition. METHODS We are recruiting cognitively normal, middle aged (40-65 years) sedentary adults with FH+. Participants are randomly assigned to a 12-month PA intervention for 3 days/week or to a control group maintaining their normal lifestyle. Saliva samples are taken at pre-test to determine APOE genotype. At pre-, mid-, and post-tests, participants complete a series of cognitive tests to assess information-processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, constructional praxis, mnemonic discrimination, and higher-order executive functions. At pre- and post-tests, brain imaging and blood biomarkers are assessed. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that 1) the PA group will demonstrate improved cognition compared with controls; 2) PA-derived cognitive changes will be moderated by APOE4 status; and 3) PA-induced changes in neural and blood biomarkers will contribute to cognitive changes and differ as a function of APOE4 status. Our results may provide important insights into the potential of PA to preserve neurocognitive function in people with a heightened risk of AD due to FH+ and as moderated by APOE4 status. By using sophisticated analytic techniques to assess APOE as a moderator and neurobiological mechanisms as mediators across trajectories of cognitive change in response to PA, we will advance our understanding of the potential of PA in protecting against AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03876314. Registered March 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Shin Park
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Alexis B Ganesh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | | | - Yashonda P Mobley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - William B Karper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Labban
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Christopher N Wahlheim
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Tomika M Williams
- Department of Advanced Nursing Practice and Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Jennifer L Etnier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
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21
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Sullivan P. Influence of Western diet and APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Monin JK. Commentary on "Low Mood and Risk of Dementia: The Role of Marital Status and Living Situation". Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:45-47. [PMID: 31606276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Monin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (JKM), Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine.
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Schubert CR, Fischer ME, Pinto AA, Chen Y, Klein BE, Klein R, Tsai MY, Tweed TS, Cruickshanks KJ. Brain Aging in Midlife: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1610-1616. [PMID: 30934109 PMCID: PMC6684355 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle age has been identified as a critical time period for health later in life. Identifying factors associated with worse brain function in middle-aged adults may help identify ways to preserve brain function with aging. Our objective was to evaluate factors associated with a novel measure of brain aging in middle-aged and older adults. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) baseline (2005-2008), 5-year (2010-2013), and 10-year examinations (2015-2017). PARTICIPANTS A total of 2285 adults, 22 to 84 years of age, with complete sensorineural and neurocognitive data at the 5-year examination. MEASUREMENTS Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed combining 5-year sensorineural (hearing, vision, olfaction) and cognitive (Trail Making Test A and B, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test) test data. Participants with a standardized PCA score less than -1 were classified as having brain aging. Incident brain aging was defined as a PCA score less than -1 at 10 years among participants who had a PCA score of -1 or higher at 5 years. Logistic regression and Poisson models were used to estimate associations between baseline factors and prevalent or incident brain aging, respectively. RESULTS Older age, being male, current smoking, larger waist circumference, not consuming alcohol, cardiovascular disease, and interleukin-6 were associated with greater odds of prevalent brain aging, whereas more education and exercise were associated with decreased odds. In addition to age and sex, less than a college education, higher levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and history of head injury were associated with an increased 5-year risk of incident brain aging. CONCLUSION In the current study, vascular and inflammatory factors were associated with a new brain aging marker in middle-aged and older adults. Many of these factors are modifiable, highlighting the importance of addressing health and lifestyle factors in midlife to potentially preserve function for better brain health later in life. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1610-1616, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R. Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Mary E. Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - A. Alex Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ted S. Tweed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Karen J. Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T, Morriss R, Moore M, Hippisley-Cox J. Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1084-1093. [PMID: 31233095 PMCID: PMC6593623 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anticholinergic medicines have short-term cognitive adverse effects, but it is uncertain whether long-term use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between anticholinergic drug treatments and risk of dementia in persons 55 years or older. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nested case-control study took place in general practices in England that contributed to the QResearch primary care database. The study evaluated whether exposure to anticholinergic drugs was associated with dementia risk in 58 769 patients with a diagnosis of dementia and 225 574 controls 55 years or older matched by age, sex, general practice, and calendar time. Information on prescriptions for 56 drugs with strong anticholinergic properties was used to calculate measures of cumulative anticholinergic drug exposure. Data were analyzed from May 2016 to June 2018. EXPOSURES The primary exposure was the total standardized daily doses (TSDDs) of anticholinergic drugs prescribed in the 1 to 11 years prior to the date of diagnosis of dementia or equivalent date in matched controls (index date). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) for dementia associated with cumulative exposure to anticholinergic drugs, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Of the entire study population (284 343 case patients and matched controls), 179 365 (63.1%) were women, and the mean (SD) age of the entire population was 82.2 (6.8) years. The adjusted OR for dementia increased from 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03-1.09) in the lowest overall anticholinergic exposure category (total exposure of 1-90 TSDDs) to 1.49 (95% CI, 1.44-1.54) in the highest category (>1095 TSDDs), compared with no anticholinergic drug prescriptions in the 1 to 11 years before the index date. There were significant increases in dementia risk for the anticholinergic antidepressants (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.24-1.34), antiparkinson drugs (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16-2.00), antipsychotics (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.53-1.90), bladder antimuscarinic drugs (AOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.56-1.75), and antiepileptic drugs (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.57) all for more than 1095 TSDDs. Results were similar when exposures were restricted to exposure windows of 3 to 13 years (AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.41-1.52) and 5 to 20 years (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.32-1.57) before the index date for more than 1095 TSDDs. Associations were stronger in cases diagnosed before the age of 80 years. The population-attributable fraction associated with total anticholinergic drug exposure during the 1 to 11 years before diagnosis was 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Exposure to several types of strong anticholinergic drugs is associated with an increased risk of dementia. These findings highlight the importance of reducing exposure to anticholinergic drugs in middle-aged and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Hill
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Tom Dening
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, England
| | - Richard Morriss
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, England
| | - Michael Moore
- University of Southampton Medical School, Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, England
| | - Julia Hippisley-Cox
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
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25
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Radd-Vagenas S, Duffy SL, Naismith SL, Brew BJ, Flood VM, Fiatarone Singh MA. Effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognition and brain morphology and function: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:389-404. [PMID: 29566197 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies of the Mediterranean diet suggest cognitive benefits, potentially reducing dementia risk. Objective We performed the first published review to our knowledge of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating Mediterranean diet effects on cognition or brain morphology and function, with an additional focus on intervention diet quality and its relation to "traditional" Mediterranean dietary patterns. Design We searched 9 databases from inception (final update December 2017) for RCTs testing a Mediterranean compared with alternate diet for cognitive or brain morphology and function outcomes. Results Analyses were based on 66 cognitive tests and 1 brain function outcome from 5 included studies (n = 1888 participants). The prescribed Mediterranean diets varied considerably between studies, particularly with regards to quantitative food advice. Only 8/66 (12.1%) of individual cognitive outcomes at trial level significantly favored a Mediterranean diet for cognitive performance, with effect sizes (ESs) ranging from small (0.32) to large (1.66), whereas 2 outcomes favored controls. Data limitations precluded a meta-analysis. Of 8 domain composite cognitive scores from 2 studies, the 3 (Memory, Frontal, and Global function) from PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) were significant, with ESs ranging from 0.39 to 1.29. A posttest comparison at a second PREDIMED site found that the Mediterranean diet modulates the effect of several genotypes associated with dementia risk for some cognitive outcomes, with mixed results. Finally, the risk of low-plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor was reduced by 78% (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.90) in those who consumed a Mediterranean diet compared to control diet at 3 y in this trial. There was no benefit of the Mediterranean diet for incident cognitive impairment or dementia. Conclusions Five RCTs of the Mediterranean diet and cognition have been published to date. The data are mostly nonsignificant, with small ESs. However, the significant improvements in cognitive domain composites in the most robustly designed study warrant additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Radd-Vagenas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shantel L Duffy
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, 3Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and 4Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, 3Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and 4Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, and Charles Perkins Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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The Role of Interleukin-18, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050055. [PMID: 28531131 PMCID: PMC5447946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukins (ILs) and oxidative stress (OS) in precipitating neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), requires further clarification. In addition to neuropathological hallmarks-extracellular neuritic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau and neuronal loss-chronic inflammation, as well as oxidative and excitotoxic damage, are present in the AD brain. The pathological sequelae and the interaction of these events during the course of AD need further investigation. The brain is particularly sensitive to OS, due to the richness of its peroxidation-sensitive fatty acids, coupled with its high oxygen demand. At the same time, the brain lack robust antioxidant systems. Among the multiple mechanisms and triggers by which OS can accumulate, inflammatory cytokines can sustain oxidative and nitrosative stress, leading eventually to cellular damage. Understanding the consequences of inflammation and OS may clarify the initial events underlying AD, including in interaction with genetic factors. Inflammatory cytokines are potential inducers of aberrant gene expression through transcription factors. Susceptibility disorders for AD, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome have been linked to increases in the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-18, which also regulates multiple AD related proteins. The association of IL-18 with AD and AD-linked medical conditions are reviewed in the article. Such data indicates that an active lifestyle, coupled to a healthy diet can ameliorate inflammation and reduce the risk of sporadic AD.
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27
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Reiter K, Nielson KA, Durgerian S, Woodard JL, Smith JC, Seidenberg M, Kelly DA, Rao SM. Five-Year Longitudinal Brain Volume Change in Healthy Elders at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:1363-1377. [PMID: 27834774 PMCID: PMC5924681 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) precede symptom onset by more than a decade. Possession of an apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset AD. Cross-sectional studies of cognitively intact elders have noted smaller hippocampal/medial temporal volumes in ɛ4 carriers (ɛ4+) compared to ɛ4 non-carriers (ɛ4-). Few studies, however, have examined long-term, longitudinal, anatomical brain changes comparing healthy ɛ4+ and ɛ4- individuals. The current five-year study examined global and regional volumes of cortical and subcortical grey and white matter and ventricular size in 42 ɛ4+ and 30 ɛ4- individuals. Cognitively intact participants, ages 65-85 at study entry, underwent repeat anatomical MRI scans on three occasions: baseline, 1.5, and 4.75 years. Results indicated no between-group volumetric differences at baseline. Over the follow-up interval, the ɛ4+ group experienced a greater rate of volume loss in total grey matter, bilateral hippocampi, right hippocampal subfields, bilateral lingual gyri, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex compared to the ɛ4- group. Greater loss in grey matter volumes in ɛ4+ participants were accompanied by greater increases in lateral, third, and fourth ventricular volumes. Rate of change in white matter volumes did not differentiate the groups. The current results indicate that longitudinal measurements of brain atrophy can serve as a sensitive biomarker for identifying neuropathological changes in persons at genetic risk for AD and potentially, for assessing the efficacy of treatments designed to slow or prevent disease progression during the preclinical stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristy A. Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | | | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland
| | | | - Dana A. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University
| | - Stephen M. Rao
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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28
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Raskin J, Cummings J, Hardy J, Schuh K, Dean RA. Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Integrated Molecular, Physiological, Anatomical, Biomarker, and Cognitive Dimensions. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 12:712-22. [PMID: 26412218 PMCID: PMC5384474 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150701103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with interrelated molecular, physiological, anatomical, biomarker, and cognitive dimensions. Methods: This article reviews the biological changes (genetic, molecular, and cellular) underlying AD and their correlation with the clinical syndrome. Results: Dementia associated with AD is related to the aberrant production, processing, and clearance of beta-amyloid and tau. Beta-amyloid deposition in brain follows a distinct spatial progression starting in the basal neocortex, spreading throughout the hippocampus, and eventually spreading to the rest of the cortex. The spread of tau pathology through neural networks leads to a distinct and consistent spatial progression of neurofibrillary tangles, beginning in the transentorhinal and hippocampal region and spreading superolaterally to the primary areas of the neocortex. Synaptic dysfunction and cell death is shown by progressive loss of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose and progressive brain atrophy. Decreases in synapse number in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus correlate with declining cognitive function. Amyloid changes are detectable in cerebrospinal fluid and with amyloid imaging up to 20 years prior to the onset of symptoms. Structural atrophy may be detectable via magnetic resonance imaging up to 10 years before clinical signs appear. Conclusion: This review highlights the progression of biological changes underlying AD and their association with the clinical syndrome. Many changes occur before overt symptoms are evident and biomarkers provide a means to detect AD pathology even in patients without symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Raskin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis IN 46285, USA.
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Scarabino D, Gambina G, Broggio E, Pelliccia F, Corbo RM. Influence of family history of dementia in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:250-6. [PMID: 26531229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Family history of dementia (FH) is a recognized risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We asked whether having FH increases AD risk and influences disease severity (age at onset and cognitive impairment) in 420 AD patients and 109 controls with (FH+) or without (FH-). The relationships of APOE and other AD risk genes with FH were analyzed as well. The proportion of APOE e4 allele carriers was higher among the FH+ than the FH- AD patients (49.6% vs. 38.9%; P = 0.04). The distribution of the risk genotypes of nine AD susceptibility genes previously examined (CHAT, CYP17, CYP19, ESR1, FSHR, P53, P73, P21, PPARG) did not differ between the FH+ and the FH- AD patients, indicating that none contributed significantly to familial clustering of disease. FH was associated with an increased AD risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-5.09; P = 0.002) independent of carrying the APOE e4 allele (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.53-4.44; P = 0.0004). Having a first-degree relative or a parent with dementia was significantly associated with AD risk (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.3-6.4; P = 0.009 and OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.1-6.2; P = 0.02) but having a sibling with dementia was not (OR 1.7, 95%CI 0.2 to 14.7; P = 0.6). Among the FH+ AD patients, having one or both parents affected seemed to raise the risk of earlier onset age (P = 0.02) and greater cognitive impairment (P = 0.02) than having only an affected sibling, whereas having two or more affected relatives did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scarabino
- CNR Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gambina
- Department of Neuroscience, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University and Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broggio
- Department of Neuroscience, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University and Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Franca Pelliccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Corbo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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30
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Yang EJ, Kim GS, Noh H, Shin YS, Song KS. Inhibitory effect of isoliquiritigenin isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix on amyloid-β production in Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein-transfected Neuro2a cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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31
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Haight TJ, Bryan RN, Erus G, Davatzikos C, Jacobs DR, D'Esposito M, Lewis CE, Launer LJ. Vascular risk factors, cerebrovascular reactivity, and the default-mode brain network. Neuroimage 2015; 115:7-16. [PMID: 25917517 PMCID: PMC4469180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulating evidence from epidemiologic studies implicates cardiovascular health and cerebrovascular function in several brain diseases in late life. We examined vascular risk factors with respect to a cerebrovascular measure of brain functioning in subjects in mid-life, which could represent a marker of brain changes in later life. Breath-hold functional MRI (fMRI) was performed in 541 women and men (mean age 50.4 years) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Brain MRI sub-study. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was quantified as percentage change in blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in activated voxels, which was mapped to a common brain template and log-transformed. Mean CVR was calculated for anatomic regions underlying the default-mode network (DMN) - a network implicated in AD and other brain disorders - in addition to areas considered to be relatively spared in the disease (e.g. occipital lobe), which were utilized as reference regions. Mean CVR was significantly reduced in the posterior cingulate/precuneus (β=-0.063, 95% CI: -0.106, -0.020), anterior cingulate (β=-0.055, 95% CI: -0.101, -0.010), and medial frontal lobe (β=-0.050, 95% CI: -0.092, -0.008) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe, after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and smoking status, in subjects with pre-hypertension/hypertension compared to normotensive subjects. By contrast, mean CVR was lower, but not significantly, in the inferior parietal lobe (β=-0.024, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.014) and the hippocampus (β=-0.006, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.050) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe. Similar results were observed in subjects with diabetes and dyslipidemia compared to those without these conditions, though the differences were non-significant. Reduced CVR may represent diminished vascular functionality for the DMN for individuals with prehypertension/hypertension in mid-life, and may serve as a preclinical marker for brain dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus J Haight
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Room 3C309, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California-Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Medical Towers 614, 1717 11th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Room 3C309, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Dias IHK, Polidori MC, Li L, Weber D, Stahl W, Nelles G, Grune T, Griffiths HR. Plasma levels of HDL and carotenoids are lower in dementia patients with vascular comorbidities. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 40:399-408. [PMID: 24448787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum cholesterol concentrations in mid-life increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in later life. However, lower concentrations of cholesterol-carrying high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its principal apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) correlate with increased risk for AD. As HDL transports oxocarotenoids, which are scavengers of peroxynitrite, we have investigated the hypothesis that lower HDL and oxocarotenoid concentrations during AD may render HDL susceptible to nitration and oxidation and in turn reduce the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from lipid-laden cells. Fasting blood samples were obtained from subjects with (1) AD without cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors (AD); (2) AD with cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors (AD Plus); (3) normal cognitive function; for carotenoid determination by HPLC, analysis of HDL nitration and oxidation by ELISA, and 3H-cholesterol export to isolated HDL. HDL concentration in the plasma from AD Plus patients was significantly lower compared to AD or control subject HDL levels. Similarly, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations were significantly lower in AD Plus patients compared to those in control subjects or AD patients, and oxocarotenoid concentrations correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. At equivalent concentrations of ApoA1, HDL isolated from all subjects irrespective of diagnosis was equally effective at mediating RCT. HDL concentration is lower in AD Plus patients' plasma and thus capacity for RCT is compromised. In contrast, HDL from patients with AD-only was not different in concentration, modifications, or function from HDL of healthy age-matched donors. The relative importance of elevating HDL alone compared with elevating carotenoids alone or elevating both to reduce risk for dementia should be investigated in patients with early signs of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany Institute of Geriatrics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Li Li
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Nelles
- NeuroMed, MedCampus Hohenlind Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Helen R Griffiths
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been widely investigated ever since its conformational isoform, the prion (or PrPSc), was identified as the etiological agent of prion disorders. The high homology shared by the PrPC-encoding gene among mammals, its high turnover rate and expression in every tissue strongly suggest that PrPC may possess key physiological functions. Therefore, defining PrPC roles, properties and fate in the physiology of mammalian cells would be fundamental to understand its pathological involvement in prion diseases. Since the incidence of these neurodegenerative disorders is enhanced in aging, understanding PrPC functions in this life phase may be of crucial importance. Indeed, a large body of evidence suggests that PrPC plays a neuroprotective and antioxidant role. Moreover, it has been suggested that PrPC is involved in Alzheimer disease, another neurodegenerative pathology that develops predominantly in the aging population. In prion diseases, PrPC function is likely lost upon protein aggregation occurring in the course of the disease. Additionally, the aging process may alter PrPC biochemical properties, thus influencing its propensity to convert into PrPSc. Both phenomena may contribute to the disease development and progression. In Alzheimer disease, PrPC has a controversial role because its presence seems to mediate β-amyloid toxicity, while its down-regulation correlates with neuronal death. The role of PrPC in aging has been investigated from different perspectives, often leading to contrasting results. The putative protein functions in aging have been studied in relation to memory, behavior and myelin maintenance. In aging mice, PrPC changes in subcellular localization and post-translational modifications have been explored in an attempt to relate them to different protein roles and propensity to convert into PrPSc. Here we provide an overview of the most relevant studies attempting to delineate PrPC functions and fate in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gasperini
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Trieste, Italy
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Sutinen EM, Korolainen MA, Häyrinen J, Alafuzoff I, Petratos S, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T, Ojala JO. Interleukin-18 alters protein expressions of neurodegenerative diseases-linked proteins in human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:214. [PMID: 25147500 PMCID: PMC4124869 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are present in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains in addition to neuronal loss, Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau-protein neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Previously we showed that levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), are elevated in post-mortem AD brains. IL-18 can modulate the tau kinases, Cdk5 and GSK3β, as well as Aβ-production. IL-18 levels are also increased in AD risk diseases, including type-2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we explored other IL-18 regulated proteins in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, incubated with IL-18 for 24, 48, or 72 h, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Specific altered protein spots were chosen and identified with mass spectrometry (MS) and verified by western immunoblotting (WIB). IL-18 had time-dependent effects on the SH-SY5Y proteome, modulating numerous protein levels/modifications. We concentrated on those related to OS (DDAH2, peroxiredoxins 2, 3, and 6, DJ-1, BLVRA), Aβ-degradation (MMP14, TIMP2), Aβ-aggregation (Septin-2), and modifications of axon growth and guidance associated, collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). IL-18 significantly increased antioxidative enzymes, indicative of OS, and altered levels of glycolytic α- and γ-enolase and multifunctional 14-3-3γ and -ε, commonly affected in neurodegenerative diseases. MMP14, TIMP2, α-enolase and 14-3-3ε, indirectly involved in Aβ metabolism, as well as Septin-2 showed changes that increase Aβ levels. Increased 14-3-3γ may contribute to GSK3β driven tau hyperphosphorylation and CRMP2 Thr514 and Ser522 phosphorylation with the Thr555-site, a target for Rho kinase, showing time-dependent changes. IL-18 also increased caspase-1 levels and vacuolization of the cells. Although our SH-SY5Y cells were not aged, as neurons in AD, our work suggests that heightened or prolonged IL-18 levels can drive protein changes of known relevance to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina M Sutinen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Häyrinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Rudbecklaboratoriet, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven Petratos
- Regenerative Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuula Pirttilä
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna O Ojala
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
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Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35 Suppl 2:S74-8. [PMID: 24913896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is increased by older age, genetic factors, and several medical risk factors. Studies have also suggested that dietary and lifestyle factors may influence risk, raising the possibility that preventive strategies may be effective. This body of research is incomplete. However, because the most scientifically supported lifestyle factors for Alzheimer's disease are known factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, it is reasonable to provide preliminary guidance to help individuals who wish to reduce their risk. At the International Conference on Nutrition and the Brain, Washington, DC, July 19-20, 2013, speakers were asked to comment on possible guidelines for Alzheimer's disease prevention, with an aim of developing a set of practical, albeit preliminary, steps to be recommended to members of the public. From this discussion, 7 guidelines emerged related to healthful diet and exercise habits.
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Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Fischer ME, Huang GH, Klein R, Pankratz N, Zhong W, Nondahl DM. Odor identification and cognitive function in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:669-76. [PMID: 23789858 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.809701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults but less is known about the association of olfactory impairment and cognitive function in middle-aged adults. The association between olfactory impairment and cognitive function tests of attention, processing speed, and executive and psychomotor function was explored in 2837 participants (21-84 years; mean age 49 years) in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. Among middle-aged participants (aged 35-64 years), those with impairment on an odor identification test took significantly longer to complete the Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B) and the Grooved Peg Board (GPB) test, than those without olfactory impairment in regression models adjusted for multiple factors. Similar results were found for the TMT-A and TMT-B, but not the GPB, in the whole cohort. Olfactory impairment was associated with poorer performance on cognitive function tests in a primarily middle-aged cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Schubert
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
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Holt RR, Heiss C, Kelm M, Keen CL. The potential of flavanol and procyanidin intake to influence age-related vascular disease. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:290-323. [PMID: 22888843 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.702541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is an independent major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Age-associated impairments in the control of inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and reduced cellular repair can all contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Current recommendations for both the primary and secondary prevention of CVD promote lifestyle modifications that include the adoption of healthy dietary patterns, such as the consumption of diets rich in plant foods, as these have been associated with a lower lifetime risk for the development of CVD. The potential for a diet rich in plant foods to be cardiovascular protective is also supported by prospective studies that suggest the intake of foods providing high amounts of certain phytochemicals, in particular flavanols and procyanidins, reduce the risk for CVD. These observations are further supported by a number of dietary intervention trials that show improvements in vascular function and reduced platelet reactivity following the consumption of high flavanol foods. In the current article we review a selection of these studies, and comment on some of the potential mechanisms that have been postulated to underlie the health effects of flavanol and procyanidin-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Reiter K, Alpert KI, Cobia DJ, Kwasny MJ, Morris JC, Csernansky JC, Wang L. Cognitively normal individuals with AD parents may be at risk for developing aging-related cortical thinning patterns characteristic of AD. Neuroimage 2012; 61:525-32. [PMID: 22503937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Children of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are at heightened risk of developing AD due to genetic influences, including the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele. In this study, we assessed the earliest cortical changes associated with AD in 71 cognitively healthy, adult children of AD patients (AD offspring) as compared with 69 with no family history of AD (non-AD offspring). Cortical thickness measures were obtained using FreeSurfer from 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) scans. ApoE genotyping was obtained. Primary analyses examined family history and ApoeE4 effects on cortical thickness. Secondary analyses examined age effects within groups. All comparisons were adjusted using False Discovery Rate at a significance threshold of p<0.05. There were no statistically significant differences between family history and ApoE4 groups. Within AD offspring, increasing age was related to reduced cortical thickness (atrophy) over large areas of the precuneus, superior frontal and superior temporal gyri, starting at around age 60. Further, these patterns existed within female and maternal AD offspring, but were absent in male and paternal AD offspring. Within non-AD offspring, negative correlations existed over small regions of the superior temporal, insula and lingual cortices. These results suggest that as AD offspring age, cortical atrophy is more prominent, particularly if the parent with AD is mother or if the AD offspring is female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Reiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Song X, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Nontraditional risk factors combine to predict Alzheimer disease and dementia. Neurology 2011; 77:227-34. [PMID: 21753161 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318225c6bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dementia risk can be estimated using only health deficits not known to predict dementia. METHODS A frailty index consisting of 19 deficits not known to predict dementia (the nontraditional risk factors index [FI-NTRF]) was constructed for 7,239 cognitively healthy, community-dwelling older adults in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. From baseline, their 5-year and 10-year risks for Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia of all types, and survival were estimated. RESULTS The FI-NTRF was closely correlated with age (r2 > 0.96, p < 0.001). The incidence of AD and dementia increased exponentially with the FI-NTRF (r2 > 0.75, p < 0.001 over 10 years). Adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline cognition, the odds ratio of dementia increased by 3.2% (p = 0.021) for each deficit (that was not known to predict dementia) accumulated, outperforming the individual cognitive risk factors. The FI-NTRF discriminated people with AD and all-cause dementia from those who were cognitively healthy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.66 ± 0.03. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive re-evaluation of a well-characterized cohort showed that age-associated decline in health status, in addition to traditional risk factors, is a risk factor for AD and dementia. General health may be an important confounder to consider in dementia risk factor evaluation. If a diverse range of deficits is associated with dementia, then improving general health might reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Risk of progression from mild memory impairment to clinically diagnosable Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese community (from the Nakayama Study). Int Psychogeriatr 2011; 23:772-9. [PMID: 21205364 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021000222x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory impairment has been proposed as the most common early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aims of this work were to evaluate the risk of progression from mild memory impairment/no dementia (MMI/ND) to clinically diagnosable AD in a community-based prospective cohort and to establish the risk factors for progression from MMI/ND to AD in the elderly. METHODS Elderly subjects aged over 65 years were selected from the participants in the first Nakayama study. MMI/ND was defined as memory deficit on objective memory assessment, without dementia, impairment of general cognitive function, or disability in activities of daily living. A total of 104 MMI/ND subjects selected from 1242 community-dwellers were followed longitudinally for five years. RESULTS During the five-year follow-up, 11 (10.6%) subjects were diagnosed with AD, five (4.8%) with vascular dementia (VaD), and six (5.8%) with dementia of other etiology. Logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) and a family history of dementia (within third-degree relatives) were positively associated with progression to AD, while no factor was significantly associated with progression to VaD or all types of dementia. CONCLUSIONS DM and a family history of dementia were significant risk factors for progression from MMI/ND to clinically diagnosable AD in the elderly in a Japanese community.
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Wilson D, Peters R, Ritchie K, Ritchie CW. Latest Advances on Interventions that May Prevent, Delay or Ameliorate Dementia. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2011; 2:161-73. [PMID: 23251748 PMCID: PMC3513883 DOI: 10.1177/2040622310397636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IN THIS PAPER WE AIM TO: (1) identify and review midlife risk factors that may contribute to the development of dementia and that may be amenable to intervention; (2) review advances made in our understanding of the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), where current pharmacological studies have aimed to modify the disease course; and (3) explore other interventions that may slow cognitive decline in those with AD. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted to look for interventions that may modify the risk of incident dementia or that may modify symptom progression in those with diagnosed dementia. RESULTS (1) Midlife risks identified as amenable to intervention include blood pressure, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, poor psychosocial and lifestyle factors. (2) The leading drugs in development can be grouped by their principal target: anti-amyloid, anti-tau and mitochondrial stability. However to date, there have been no successes in late stage Phase III trials of putative disease-modifying drugs for AD. (3) Once the diagnosis of dementia has been made there is little that can slow the rate of decline. Possible exceptions include the use of exercise and antihypertensive medication with some nootropic medication showing promise in small trials. CONCLUSION (1) It is clear that there are several risk factors in midlife that may lead to a greater likelihood of developing dementia. However, there is no simple intervention to modify these risks. It seems sensible to conclude from the data that avoiding high blood pressure, controlling cholesterol and diabetes as well as maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle may lower the risk of developing dementia. (2) The need for better outcome measures in clinical trials is evident and may, in part, explain the numerous failures in late-stage clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs. Improved diagnostic test batteries to reduce population heterogeneity in early intervention studies will be required for robust clinical trials in the future. (3) Current research indicates that there is little that can delay decline; however, future trials may wish to focus on nootropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wilson
- Centre for Mental Health, Claybrook Centre, Imperial College London, UK ; Ageing Research Unit, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, UK ; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, Brentford Lodge, West London Mental Health Trust, London, UK
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Ash ES, Alavijeh MS, Palmer AM, Mitchelmore C, Howlett DR, Francis PT, Broadstock M, Richardson JC. Neurochemical changes in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease fed a pro-oxidant diet. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:504-11. [PMID: 20600435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing neurodegeneration and decreased monoamine neurotransmitters. We investigated the effect of administration of a pro-oxidant diet on the levels of monoamines and metabolites in the brains of wildtype and transgenic mice expressing mutant APP and PS-1 (TASTPM mice). Three-month-old TASTPM and wildtype (C57BL6/J) mice were fed either normal or pro-oxidant diet for 3 months. The neocortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum were assayed for their monoamine and monoamine metabolite content using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH) levels were analysed by Western blotting. In the striatum, female TASTPM mice had higher levels of DOPAC and male TASTPM mice had higher levels of 5-HIAA compared to wildtype mice. Administration of pro-oxidant diet increased striatal MHPG, turnover of NA and 5-HT levels in female TASTPM mice compared to TASTPM mice fed control diet. The pro-oxidant diet also decreased DOPAC levels in female TASTPM mice compared to those fed control diet. Striatal TOH did not depend on diet, gender or genotype. In the neocortex, the TASTPM genotype increased levels of 5-HIAA in male mice fed control diet compared to wildtype mice. In the cerebellum, the TASTPM genotype led to decreased levels of HVA (male mice only) and also decreased turnover of DA (female mice only) compared to wildtype mice. These data suggest a sparing of monoaminergic neurones in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of TASTPM mice fed pro-oxidant diet and could be indicative of increased activity in corticostriatal circuits. The decreased cerebellar levels of HVA and turnover of DA in TASTPM mice hint at possible axonal degeneration within this subregion.
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