Relationship between duration of breast-feeding and obesity in korean women: The korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012

Effect of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breast distension, pain, and lactation in postpartum mothers

BACKGROUND

Breastfeeding not only meets the nutritional needs of newborn growth and development but also promotes uterine contraction and discharge of lochia, which helps in maternal recovery. However, some mothers experience abnormal lactation and breast swelling due to a lack of breastfeeding knowledge, painful cesarean incisions, anesthesia, negative emotions, and other factors, resulting in a reduced breastfeeding rate, which adversely affects neonatal and maternal health.

AIM

To explore the effects of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breastfeeding-related conditions.

METHODS

In this study, 207 mothers with postpartum breast pain and difficulty lactating were selected and divided into intervention and control groups using a random number table. Both groups of mothers were provided with basic nursing and related treatment measures after delivery. The intervention group additionally received care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding. The scores of lactation volume, breast distension and pain, breastfeeding rate, breastfeeding self-efficacy, treatment effect, and complication rate of the two groups were compared.

RESULTS

After treatment, the breast pain score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the lactation score, score of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form scale, parent-child communication score, maternal-infant interaction score, total score of maternal-infant communication, and breastfeeding rate of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. After intervention, the overall therapeutic effect of the intervention group was better than that of the control group, and the complication rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSION

Breastfeeding health education and nursing intervention combined with basic clinical treatment have good clinical effects in managing postpartum breast distension and pain and increasing lactation yield.

Reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome among Chinese women aged 40 years and older

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between reproductive variables and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese women aged 40 years and older.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4453 women aged 40 years and older in Guangxi, China. The associations between women's reproductive factors and MetS were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MetS was 23.9% in this population. Women with MetS were mostly older, more likely to be postmenopausal, and had higher parity. Compared to women with one prior live birth, those with three or more live births had the highest odds of having MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23-1.99). Similarly, compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal participants had higher odds of having MetS (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.49-2.31). No associations were observed between MetS and abortion or with age at menarche.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that multiparity and menopausal status may be associated with the development of MetS. The inconsistency seen in epidemiological research to date calls for further investigation.

Duration of Lactation and Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of women across all ages, and targeting modifiable risk factors, such as those comprised in metabolic syndrome (MetS) (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose), is of great importance. An inverse association between lactation and CVD has been suggested, and lactation may decrease the risk of MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined how lactation may affect the development and prevalence of MetS in women. A literature search was performed using Cinahl, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. A total of 1286 citations were identified, and finally, ten studies (two prospective and eight cross-sectional) were included. Seven studies (two prospective and five cross-sectional) revealed associations between lactation and MetS, suggesting that breastfeeding might prevent or improve metabolic health and have a protective role in MetS prevention. This protective role might be related to the duration of lactation; however, a lack of controlling for potential confounders, such as parity, might inflict the results. The pooled effect was non-conclusive. Additional research is required to further explore the duration of lactation and its potential role in improving or reversing MetS and its components.

Latent Profiles Based on Light Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Perceived Body Shape, and Body Mass Index in Patients with Dyslipidemia Influence Their Quality of Life

Despite the increasing prevalence and economic burden of dyslipidemia in South Korea, we have little data on the physical activity of patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate how quality of life among patients with dyslipidemia is influenced by a combination of the following variables: light physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), perceived body shape, and body mass index (BMI). We examined data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI 2015), collected in 2015 by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analysis included 534 individuals with dyslipidemia out of 7380 survey participants. Latent profile analysis identified three latent classes of individuals based on their physical profiles. Class 1 patients (active; n = 48) were more active, possessed more positive views of their body shape, were less sedentary, and had a lower BMI than Class 3 patients (inactive; n = 154). Class 2 patients (moderate; n = 331) had profiles in between the other two classes. Additionally, Class 1 and 2 patients had better quality of life than Class 3 patients. Our results suggest that promoting light PA and altering perceived body shape through counselling may improve quality of life in patients with dyslipidemia.

Associations of Breastfeeding Duration and Reproductive Factors with Sarcopenia in Elderly Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011

Background

Several studies have suggested that breastfeeding has a positive effect on long-term obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to examine maternal bone health, muscle mass, and obesity based on breastfeeding duration.

Methods

This study was based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011. We selected 2,027 elderly women by screening survey participants with a history of delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and obesity among four breastfeeding groups.

Results

The OR of sarcopenia significantly decreased with increasing breastfeeding duration (OR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.65; P for trend <0.001), whereas the OR of obesity significantly increased with increasing breastfeeding duration (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.43–4.60; P for trend=0.009) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. We also found a positive correlation between the duration since last delivery and sarcopenia.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a negative correlation between prolonged breastfeeding and the prevalence of sarcopenia, and a positive correlation between prolonged breastfeeding and the prevalence of obesity. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between breastfeeding and sarcopenia in the future.

Lactation and maternal cardiovascular disease risk in later life

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of protective factors against cardiovascular disease is important with regard to public health policies. Lactation has multiple beneficial effects for both mother and child. This review summarizes the evidence on the association between lactation and maternal cardiovascular risk in later life. Lactation may help to reverse the metabolic and cardiovascular changes that take place during pregnancy. Overall, lactation seems to exert a protective effect against the development of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, whilst data on postpartum weight and lipidemic profile are less conclusive. Both subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease are negatively associated with a history of lactation. Increased energy expenditure and a favorable hormonal and adipokine profile during lactation may explain these associations.