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Rak AY, Protasov EA, Trofimov AV, Pigareva NV, Ischenko AM. A novel method for purification of biologically active C-terminal fragment of human recombinant anti-mullerian hormone. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5259. [PMID: 34622972 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is one of the least studied members of transforming growth factor beta superfamily showing pro-apoptotic activity against cells positive for hormone type II receptor overexpressed by malignant cells in many cancer cases. Here, we propose an improved method for isolation of recombinant C-terminal AMH fragment (C-rAMH) to obtain homogeneous preparations of this protein with high biological activity. In contrast to our previously developed C-rAMH purification technology based on reversed-phase HPLC, the key stage of the new approach is hydrophobic interaction chromatography using Toyopearl Butyl-650S resin performed under more benign conditions. This modification of the previously developed method allowed highly purified C-rAMH to be obtained that is characterized by twice the specificity estimated as the ability to bind to the recombinant analog of AMH type II receptor and by significantly higher biological activity, that is, the ability to induce the death of target cells. Thus, we made the purification technology even more cost-effective and suitable for the production of drug forms based on C-rAMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ya Rak
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A Protasov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Trofimov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Pigareva
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Ischenko
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Ischenko AM, Sokolov AV. [The study of interaction of different forms of human recombinant anti-mullerian hormone with a chimeric analogue of the AMH type II]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:66-73. [PMID: 33645523 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The homodimeric glycoprotein, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), described over 70 years ago by A. Jost, is the least studied member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Despite the antitumor activity of AMH discovered at the end of the last century, the creation of effective drugs based on AMH is hindered primarily by the lack of information on the mechanism of various AMH forms interaction with a specific type II receptor (MISRII). Previously, we have shown that not only the full-length activated hormone but also its C-terminal fragment (C-rAMH) could bind to MISRII. In this work, using the surface plasmon resonance technique, we compared the interaction of three forms of recombinant AMH (rAMH) with the MISRII analogue - the chimeric protein MISRII-Fc containing AMH type II receptor and a Fc-fragment of the human IgG1 heavy chain. Comparison of the binding of MISRII-Fc, immobilized on a chip with group specificity for human immunoglobulins, to C-rAMH, to intact rAMH (pro-rAMH), and to rAMH containing one uncleaved monomer (hc-rAMH), showed that the KD of the complexes increased: 1.7 nM, 88 nM and 110 nM, respectively. Thus, we have shown that C-terminal fragment of AMH has the maximum affinity for the recombinant MISRII analogue, which indicates the prospects for the development of drugs based on this hormone derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Rak
- State Research Institute for Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Trofimov
- State Research Institute for Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Ischenko
- State Research Institute for Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Chauvin M, Garambois V, Colombo PE, Chentouf M, Gros L, Brouillet JP, Robert B, Jarlier M, Dumas K, Martineau P, Navarro-Teulon I, Pépin D, Chardès T, Pèlegrin A. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) autocrine signaling promotes survival and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2231. [PMID: 33500516 PMCID: PMC7838181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovarian carcinoma, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) type II receptor (AMHRII) and the AMH/AMHRII signaling pathway are potential therapeutic targets. Here, AMH dose-dependent effect on signaling and proliferation was analyzed in four ovarian cancer cell lines, including sex cord stromal/granulosa cell tumors and high grade serous adenocarcinomas (COV434-AMHRII, SKOV3-AMHRII, OVCAR8 and KGN). As previously shown, incubation with exogenous AMH at concentrations above the physiological range (12.5-25 nM) decreased cell viability. Conversely, physiological concentrations of endogenous AMH improved cancer cell viability. Partial AMH depletion by siRNAs was sufficient to reduce cell viability in all four cell lines, by 20% (OVCAR8 cells) to 40% (COV434-AMHRII cells). In the presence of AMH concentrations within the physiological range (5 to 15 pM), the newly developed anti-AMH B10 antibody decreased by 25% (OVCAR8) to 50% (KGN) cell viability at concentrations ranging between 3 and 333 nM. At 70 nM, B10 reduced clonogenic survival by 57.5%, 57.1%, 64.7% and 37.5% in COV434-AMHRII, SKOV3-AMHRII, OVCAR8 and KGN cells, respectively. In the four cell lines, B10 reduced AKT phosphorylation, and increased PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. These results were confirmed in ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients' ascites, demonstrating the translational potential of these results. Furthermore, B10 reduced COV434-MISRII tumor growth in vivo and significantly enhanced the median survival time compared with vehicle (69 vs 60 days; p = 0.0173). Our data provide evidence for a novel pro-survival autocrine role of AMH in the context of ovarian cancer, which was targeted therapeutically using an anti-AMH antibody to successfully repress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Chauvin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Véronique Garambois
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Chentouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Brouillet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Dumas
- SurgiMAb, 10 Parc Club du Millénaire, 1025 Avenue Henri Becquerel, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Navarro-Teulon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - David Pépin
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 34298, Montpellier Cedex, France.
- INSERM, U1194, 34298, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France.
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France.
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Pigareva NV, Protasov EA, Karabanova EA, Ischenko AM. Purification of human recombinant anti-mullerian hormone and its derivatives. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4782. [PMID: 31845358 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a cytokine of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily able to induce apoptosis in cells bearing specific AMH type II receptors (AMHRII). AMHRII is overexpressed in some malignant cells, so at present recombinant AMH (rAMH) is considered as a new candidate antineoplastic drug. The use of rAMH may be especially effective in case of such severe diseases as ovarian, prostate and breast cancer. However, the development of a new drug is hampered by the laboriousness of obtaining highly purified rAMH and by the lack of data about the pharmacological characteristics of rAMH derivatives. In this work, we obtained preparations of prohormone, half-cleaved rAMH and a C-terminal fragment of rAMH, which was confirmed by qualitative and quantitative analyses. To obtain rAMH and its derivatives we used a previously developed highly effective producer strain containing the optimized human AMH gene. The production process has been divided into several stages: (a) rAMH biosynthesis in the bioreactor; (b) culture media preparation; (c) purification of rAMH and its derivatives using immunoaffinity chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC; (d) identification of the purified proteins by immunoblotting and analytical reversed-phase HPLC; and (e) evaluation of the hormone forms activity. The obtained proteins may be used in preclinical trials and in vitro study of rAMH derivatives properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ya Rak
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Trofimov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Pigareva
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Eugeny A Protasov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Karabanova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Ischenko
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Ischenko AM. Anti-mullerian hormone receptor type II as a Potential Target for Antineoplastic Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Ischenko AM. [Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor as a potential target for antineoplastic therapy]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:202-213. [PMID: 31258143 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review considers properties of the type II anti-Mullerian hormone receptor (mullerian inhibiting substance receptor type II, MISRII), a transmembrane sensor with its own serine/threonine protein kinase activity, triggering apoptosis of the Mullerian ducts in mammalian embryogenesis and providing formation of the male type reproductive system. According to recent data, MISRII overexpression in the postnatal period is found in cells of a number of ovarian, mammary gland, and prostate tumors, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has a pro-apoptotic effect on MISRII-positive tumor cells. This fact makes MISRII a potential target for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Treatment based on targeting MISRII seems to be a much more effective alternative to the traditional one and will significantly reduce the drug dose. However, the mechanism of MISRII-AMH interaction is still poorly understood, so the development of new anticancer drugs is complicated. The review analyzes MISRII molecular structure and expression levels in various tissues and cell lines, as well as current understanding of the AMH binding mechanisms and data on the possibility of using MISRII as a target for the action of AMH-based antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Rak
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Trofimov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Ischenko
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Protasov EA, Rodin SV, Zhahov AV, Zabrodskaya YA, Ischenko AM. Spontaneous Proteolytic Processing of Human Recombinant Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Structural and Functional Differences of the Molecular Forms. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Müllerian inhibiting substance/anti-Müllerian hormone: A novel treatment for gynecologic tumors. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2014; 57:343-57. [PMID: 25264524 PMCID: PMC4175594 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2014.57.5.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also called anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super-family of growth and differentiation response modifiers. It is produced in immature Sertoli cells in male embryos and binds to MIS/AMH receptors in primordial Müllerian ducts to cause regression of female reproductive structures that are the precursors to the fallopian tubes, the surface epithelium of the ovaries, the uterus, the cervix, and the upper third of the vagina. Because most gynecologic tumors originate from Müllerian duct-derived tissues, and since MIS/AMH causes regression of the Müllerian duct in male embryos, it is expected to inhibit the growth of gynecologic tumors. Purified recombinant human MIS/AMH causes growth inhibition of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and cell lines in vitro and in vitro via MIS receptor-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, several lines of evidence suggest that MIS/AMH inhibits proliferation in tissues and cell lines of other MIS/AMH receptor-expressing gynecologic tumors such as cervical, endometrial, breast, and in endometriosis as well. These findings indicate that bioactive MIS/AMH recombinant protein should be tested in patients against tumors expressing the MIS/AMH receptor complex, perhaps beginning with ovarian cancer because it has the worst prognosis. The molecular tools to identify MIS/AMH receptor expressing ovarian and other cancers are in place, thus, it is possible to select patients for treatment. An MIS/AMH ELISA exists to follow administered doses of MIS/AMH, as well. Clinical trials await the production of sufficient supplies of qualified recombinant human MIS/AMH for this purpose.
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Sklavos MM, Giri N, Stratton P, Alter BP, Pinto LA. Anti-Müllerian hormone deficiency in females with Fanconi anemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1608-14. [PMID: 24438373 PMCID: PMC4010699 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In females with Fanconi anemia (FA), infertility is often accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve and hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 30 years, suggesting primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI is typically diagnosed only after perimenopausal symptoms are observed. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess whether serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels can serve as a cycle-independent marker for the diagnosis of POI in patients with FA. DESIGN AND SETTING This observational study used the National Cancer Institute's inherited bone marrow failure syndrome cohort at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. PARTICIPANTS The study included 22 females with FA, 20 unaffected female relatives of patients with FA, and 21 unrelated healthy females under 41 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Serum AMH, a marker of ovarian reserve, was measured in all participants. RESULTS Females with FA had very low AMH levels (median 0.05 ng/mL; range 0-2.32 ng/mL; P < .001) when compared with unaffected relatives (median 2.10 ng/mL; range 0.04-4.73 ng/mL) and unrelated healthy females (median 1.92 ng/mL; range 0.31-6.64 ng/mL). All patients with FA older than 25 years of age were diagnosed with POI and had undetectable AMH levels. CONCLUSIONS AMH deficiency appears to be a shared trait across this heterogeneous FA cohort. Substantially reduced AMH levels in females with FA suggest a primary ovarian defect associated with reduced fertility. Measurement of AMH at the time of FA diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of AMH levels at regular intervals may be useful for the timely management of complications related to POI such as subfertility/infertility, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Sklavos
- Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory (M.M.S., L.A.P.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702; Clinical Genetics Branch (N.G., B.P.A.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (P.S.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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Jeppesen JV, Anderson RA, Kelsey TW, Christiansen SL, Kristensen SG, Jayaprakasan K, Raine-Fenning N, Campbell BK, Yding Andersen C. Which follicles make the most anti-Mullerian hormone in humans? Evidence for an abrupt decline in AMH production at the time of follicle selection. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:519-27. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tolikas A, Tsakos E, Gerou S, Prapas Y, Loufopoulos A. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in serum and follicular fluid as predictors of ovarian response in stimulated (IVF and ICSI) cycles. HUM FERTIL 2011; 14:246-53. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2011.608464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Anti-Müllerian hormone inhibits growth of AMH type II receptor-positive human ovarian granulosa cell tumor cells by activating apoptosis. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1605-14. [PMID: 21808236 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are sex cord stromal tumors that constitute 3-5% of all ovarian cancers. GCTs usually present with an indolent course but there is a high risk of recurrence, which associates with increased mortality, and targeted treatments would be desirable. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a key factor regulating sexual differentiation of the reproductive organs, has been implicated as a growth inhibitor in ovarian cancer. GCTs and normal granulosa cells produce AMH, but its expression in large GCTs is usually downregulated. Further, as the lack of specific AMH-signaling pathway components leads to GCT development in mice, we hypothesized that AMH inhibits growth of GCTs. Utilizing a large panel of human GCT tissue samples, we found that AMH type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6) and type II receptor (AMHRII), as well as their downstream effectors Smad1/5, are expressed and active in GCTs. AMHRII expression was detected in the vast majority (96%) of GCTs and correlated with AMH mRNA and protein expression. AMH mRNA level was low in large GCTs, confirming previous findings on low-AMH protein expression in large human as well as mouse GCTs. To study the functional role of AMH in this peculiar ovarian cancer, we utilized a human GCT cell line (KGN) and 10 primary GCT cell cultures. We found that the AMH-Smad1/5-signaling pathway was active in these cells, and that exogenous AMH further activated Smad1/5 in KGN cells. Furthermore, AMH treatment reduced the number of KGN cells and primary GCT cells, with increasing amounts of AMH leading to augmented activation of caspase-3 and subsequent apoptosis. All in all, these data support the premise that AMH is a growth inhibitor of GCTs.
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Sansone P, Aurilio C, Pace MC, Esposito R, Passavanti MB, Pota V, Pace L, Pezzullo MG, Bulletti C, Palagiano A. Intensive care treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1221:109-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Grøndahl ML, Nielsen ME, Dal Canto MB, Fadini R, Rasmussen IA, Westergaard LG, Kristensen SG, Yding Andersen C. Anti-Müllerian hormone remains highly expressed in human cumulus cells during the final stages of folliculogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 22:389-98. [PMID: 21353640 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was differentially expressed in cumulus (CC) and granulosa (GC) cells from large antral and pre-ovulatory follicles collected from individual follicles in women undergoing in-vitro maturation (IVM) or IVF treatment. Expression studies of AMH, AMH receptor 2, FSH receptor, aromatase and androgen receptor were performed in CC in IVM patients where cumulus-oocyte-complex had expanded, CC in IVM patients where cumulus-oocyte-complex remained compacted, GC from immature follicles and CC and GC from IVF patients. Microarray data on corresponding GC and CC from follicles from IVF patients was included. AMH expression was significantly higher in CC than in GC from both mature and immature follicles and in CC from immature follicles than in CC from pre-ovulatory follicles from IVF patients (P < 0.05). AMH expression was significantly higher in CC that remained compacted compared with those that had expanded (P < 0.008). AMH was correlated to the expression of FSH receptor, androgen receptor and AMH receptor 2 but not to aromatase expression. The expression pattern of AMH receptor 2 reflected that of AMH. AMH may exert intrafollicular functions even in human large antral and pre-ovulatory follicles and may be related to follicular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Grøndahl
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Denmark.
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Andersen CY, Schmidt KT, Kristensen SG, Rosendahl M, Byskov AG, Ernst E. Concentrations of AMH and inhibin-B in relation to follicular diameter in normal human small antral follicles. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1282-7. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Eilso Nielsen M, Rasmussen IA, Fukuda M, Westergaard LG, Yding Andersen C. Concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone in fluid from small human antral follicles show a negative correlation with CYP19 mRNA expression in the corresponding granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:637-43. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Middlebrook BS, Eldin K, Li X, Shivasankaran S, Pangas SA. Smad1-Smad5 ovarian conditional knockout mice develop a disease profile similar to the juvenile form of human granulosa cell tumors. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5208-17. [PMID: 19819941 PMCID: PMC2819741 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovary are rare sex cord stromal tumors. Although generally indolent, GCTs recur, and if not diagnosed and treated in early stages, survival rates are significantly shortened. Very little is known regarding GCT etiology. Because of the low incidence of cases and lack of standard diagnostics, mouse models for granulosa cell tumors are a valuable tool for studying GCTs and provide models for developing diagnostic and treatment strategies. We recently developed a novel mouse model of metastatic granulosa cell tumors by genetic deletion of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling transcription factors (SMADs) in granulosa cells of the ovary. Histological and serum hormone analyses reveal that this mouse model most closely resembles the juvenile form of GCT. We further analyzed samples of human juvenile GCT (JGCT) for expression of anti-Müllerian hormone and activation of two major signaling pathways: TGFbeta/SMAD2/3 and wingless-related mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/beta-catenin. The TGFbeta family is active in mouse Smad1-Smad5 double knockout tumors, and here we show that this pathway, but not the beta-catenin pathway, is activated in samples of human JGCT. These data suggest that the SMAD family, possibly through disruption of SMAD1/5 or activation of SMAD2/3 may contribute to the pathogenesis of JGCT in humans.
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Abstract
Menopause is the final step in the process referred to as ovarian ageing. The age related decrease in follicle numbers dictates the onset of cycle irregularity and the final cessation of menses. The parallel decay in oocyte quality contributes to the gradual decline in fertility and the final occurrence of natural sterility. Endocrine changes mainly relate to the decline in the negative feedback from ovarian factors at the hypothalamo-pituitary unit. The declining cohort of antral follicles with age first results in gradually elevated FSH levels, followed by subsequent stages of overt cycle irregularity. The gradual decline in the size of the antral follicle cohort is best represented by decreasing levels of anti-Mullerian hormone. The variability of ovarian ageing among women is evident from the large variation in age at menopause. The identification of women who have severely decreased ovarian reserve for their age is clinically relevant. Ovarian reserve tests have appeared to be fairly accurate in predicting response to ovarian stimulation in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) setting. The capacity to predict the chances for spontaneous pregnancy or pregnancy after ART appears very limited. As menopause and the preceding decline in oocyte quality seem to have a fixed time interval, tests that predict the age at menopause may be useful to assess individual reproductive lifespan. Especially genetic studies, both addressing candidate gene and genome wide association, have identified several interesting loci of small genetic variation that may determine fetal follicle pool development and subsequent wastage of his pool over time. Improved knowledge of the ovarian ageing mechanisms may ultimately provide tools for prediction of menopause and manipulation of the early steps of folliculogenesis for the purpose of contraception and fertility lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Malloy PJ, Peng L, Wang J, Feldman D. Interaction of the vitamin D receptor with a vitamin D response element in the Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) promoter: regulation of MIS expression by calcitriol in prostate cancer cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1580-7. [PMID: 19056816 PMCID: PMC2659287 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) inhibits the growth of a variety of cancer cells including human prostate cancer. Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) also exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions on multiple cancer cells including human prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether calcitriol regulated MIS expression in prostate cancer, an action that might contribute to its antiproliferative activity. We identified a 15-bp sequence, GGGTGAgcaGGGACA, in the MIS promoter that was highly similar to direct repeat 3-type vitamin D response elements (VDREs). The human MIS promoter containing the putative VDRE was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. In HeLa cells transfected with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), MIS promoter activity was stimulated by calcitriol. Coexpression of steroidogenic factor 1, a key regulator of MIS, increased basal MIS promoter activity that was further stimulated by calcitriol. Mutation or deletion of the VDRE reduced calcitriol-induced transactivation. In addition, the MIS VDRE conferred calcitriol responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. In gel shift assays, VDR and retinoid X receptor bound to the MIS VDRE and the binding was increased by calcitriol. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that VDR and retinoid X receptor were present on the MIS promoter in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MIS is a target of calcitriol action. MIS is up-regulated by calcitriol via a functional VDRE that binds the VDR. Up-regulation of MIS by calcitriol may be an important component of the antiproliferative actions of calcitriol in some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Malloy
- S025 Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5103.
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20
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Ball BA, Conley AJ, MacLaughlin DT, Grundy SA, Sabeur K, Liu IKM. Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in equine granulosa-cell tumors and in normal equine ovaries. Theriogenology 2008; 70:968-77. [PMID: 18599114 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), is expressed by granulosa cells in females of many mammalian species, and circulating AMH concentrations have been used to monitor granulosa-cell tumors (GCT) in women. The objective was to characterize expression of AMH in equine GCT, and in normal equine ovaries, based upon immunohistochemistry (IHC), using a polyclonal primary antibody directed against human AMH. Equine GCT (n=27) and normal equine ovaries (n=10) were examined by IHC. In addition, sera from four mares with GCT were characterized for AMH bioactivity, based upon suppression of Müllerian duct development in the fetal rat. Immunolabeling with alpha-AMH was localized to granulosa cells in equine GCT, as well as within antral follicles in normal ovaries. Expression of AMH first appeared in granulosa cells of small growing follicles and was most intense in small antral follicles; large antral or atretic follicles had reduced immunolabeling. Omission of the primary antibody or incubation of the primary antibody with the corresponding blocking peptide eliminated immunolabeling of granulosa cells in GCT and in normal antral follicles, confirming the specificity of the immunolabel. Sera from mares with GCT had increased AMH bioactivity compared to control sera. In conclusion, AMH was strongly expressed by granulosa cells in equine GCT and in normal antral follicles. Therefore, anti-Müllerian hormone may be a useful biomarker for detection of GCT in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Ball
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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21
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Buchold GM, Magyar PL, Arumugam R, Lee MM, O'Brien DA. p19Ink4d and p18Ink4c cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the male reproductive axis. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:997-1007. [PMID: 17342741 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) p18(Ink4c) and p19(Ink4d) leads to male reproductive defects (Franklin et al., 1998. Genes Dev 12: 2899-2911; Zindy et al., 2000. Mol Cell Biol 20: 372-378; Zindy et al., 2001. Mol Cell Biol 21: 3244-3255). In order to assess whether these inhibitors directly or indirectly affect male germ cell differentiation, we examined the expression of p18(Ink4c) and p19(Ink4d) in spermatogenic and supporting cells in the testis and in pituitary gonadotropes. Both p18(Ink4c) and p19(Ink4d) are most abundant in the testis after 18 days of age and are expressed in purified populations of spermatogenic and testicular somatic cells. Different p18(Ink4c) mRNAs are expressed in isolated spermatogenic and Leydig cells. Spermatogenic cells also express a novel p19(Ink4d) transcript that is distinct from the smaller transcript expressed in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and in other tissues. Immunohistochemistry detected significant levels of p19(Ink4d) in preleptotene spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes, condensing spermatids, and Sertoli cells. Immunoprecipitation-Western analysis detected both CKI proteins in isolated pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. CDK4/6-CKI complexes were detected in germ cells by co-immunoprecipitation, although the composition differed by cell type. p19(Ink4d) was also identified in FSH+ gonadotrophs, suggesting that this CKI may be independently required in the pituitary. Possible cell autonomous and paracrine mechanisms for the spermatogenic defects in mice lacking p18(Ink4c) or p19(Ink4d) are supported by expression of these CKIs in spermatogenic cells and in somatic cells of the testis and pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Buchold
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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22
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Seifer DB, Maclaughlin DT. Mullerian Inhibiting Substance is an ovarian growth factor of emerging clinical significance. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:539-46. [PMID: 17559842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) as an emerging diagnostic marker of ovarian function. DESIGN Medline review of published studies pertaining to the role of MIS in assessing ovarian aging, predicting response to ovulation induction in preparation for in vitro fertilization, assessing risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation (OHSS) before ovulation induction, and diagnosis of polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS). RESULT(S) The majority of published studies to date support a role for MIS as a marker of ovarian reserve. Specific cut-off values are dependent upon the particular assay used. Mullerian Inhibiting Substance may offer value in assessing risk of OHSS and diagnosis of PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Potential advantages of MIS compared with other conventional markers of ovarian reserve include: 1) MIS is the earliest marker to change with age; 2) it has the least intercycle variability; 3) it has the least intracycle variability; and 4) it may be informative if randomly obtained during the cycle. Widespread clinical use of MIS may await the availability of an international standard for MIS so that results using different assays may be reliably compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Seifer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11228, USA.
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Yuan QA, Simmons HH, Robinson MK, Russeva M, Marasco WA, Adams GP. Development of engineered antibodies specific for the Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor: a promising candidate for targeted therapy of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:2096-105. [PMID: 16928831 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor (MISIIR) is involved in Müllerian duct regression as part of the development of the male reproductive system. In adult females, MISIIR is present on ovarian surface epithelium and is frequently expressed on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Müllerian inhibiting substance has been found to be capable of inhibiting the growth of primary human ovarian cancer cells derived from ascites and ovarian cancer cell lines. This suggested to us that MISIIR could be an attractive target for antibody-based tumor targeting and growth inhibition strategies. Here, we describe the production of recombinant human MISIIR extracellular domain-human immunoglobulin Fc domain fusion proteins and their use as targets for the selection of MISIIR-specific human single-chain variable fragments (scFv) molecules from a human nonimmune scFv phage display library. The binding kinetics of the resulting anti-MISIIR scFv clones were characterized and two were employed as the basis for the construction of bivalent scFv:Fc antibody-based molecules. Both bound specifically to human ovarian carcinoma cells in flow cytometry assays and cross-reacted with mouse MISIIR. These results indicate that antibody-based constructs may provide a highly specific means of targeting MISIIR on human ovarian carcinoma cells for the purpose of diagnosing and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-an Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Wang PY, Koishi K, McGeachie AB, Kimber M, Maclaughlin DT, Donahoe PK, McLennan IS. Mullerian inhibiting substance acts as a motor neuron survival factor in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:16421-5. [PMID: 16260730 PMCID: PMC1283469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508304102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of motor neurons is controlled by multiple factors that regulate different aspects of their physiology. The identification of these factors is important because of their relationship to motor neuron disease. We investigate here whether Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is a motor neuron survival factor. We find that motor neurons from adult mice synthesize MIS and express its receptors, suggesting that mature motor neurons use MIS in an autocrine fashion or as a way to communicate with each other. MIS was observed to support the survival and differentiation of embryonic motor neurons in vitro. During development, male-specific MIS may have a hormone effect because the blood-brain barrier has yet to form, raising the possibility that MIS participates in generating sex-specific differences in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Wang
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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