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Silvestri R, Zallocco L, Corrado A, Ronci M, Aceto R, Ricci B, Cipollini M, Dell’Anno I, De Simone C, De Marco G, Ferrarini E, Beghelli D, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Gemignani F, Giusti L, Landi S. Polymorphism Pro64His within galectin-3 has functional consequences at proteome level in thyroid cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1380495. [PMID: 38933925 PMCID: PMC11199678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1380495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4644 at codon 64 of galectin-3 (gal-3, gene name: LGALS3), specifying the variant proline (P64) to histidine (H64), is known to affect the protein's functions and has been associated with the risk of several types of cancer, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and methods To deepen our understanding of the biological effects of this SNP, we analyzed the proteome of two isogenic cell lines (NC-P64 vs. NA-H64) derived from the immortalized non-malignant thyrocyte cell line Nthy-Ori, generated through the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to differ by rs4644 genotype. We compared the proteome of these cells to detect differentially expressed proteins and studied their proteome in relation to their transcriptome. Results Firstly, we found, consistently with previous studies, that gal-3-H64 could be detected as a monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer composed of one cleaved and one uncleaved monomer, whereas gal-3-P64 could be found only as a monomer or uncleaved homodimer. Moreover, results indicate that rs4644 influences the expression of several proteins, predominantly upregulated in NA-H64 cells. Overall, the differential protein expression could be attributed to the altered mRNA expression, suggesting that rs4644 shapes the function of gal-3 as a transcriptional co-regulator. However, this SNP also appeared to affect post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for proteins whose expression was oppositely regulated compared to mRNA expression. It is conceivable that the rs4644-dependent activities of gal-3 could be ascribed to the different modalities of self-dimerization. Conclusion Our study provided further evidence that rs4644 could affect the gal-3 functions through several routes, which could be at the base of differential susceptibility to diseases, as reported in case-control association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestri
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- COIIM, Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Romina Aceto
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ricci
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Cipollini
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Dell’Anno
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara De Simone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Du X, Wang JM, Zhang DL, Wu T, Zeng XY, Jiang JY, Du ZX. AUF1 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer via Downregulation of ZBTB2 and Subsequent TRIM58. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681736. [PMID: 34222000 PMCID: PMC8242192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer, is not yet fully understood. This limits the therapeutic options for approximately 7% of invasive PTC patients. The critical role of AUF1 in the progression of thyroid cancer was first reported in 2009, however, its molecular mechanism remained unclear. Our study used CRISPR/Cas 9 system to knockdown AUF1 in IHH4 and TPC1 cells. We noticed that the expression of TRIM58 and ZBTB2 were increased in the AUF1 knockdown IHH4 and TPC1 cells. When TRIM58 and ZBTB2 were inhibited by small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against TRIM58 (shTRIM58) and ZBTB2 (shZBTB2), respectively, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of the AUF1-knockdown IHH4 and TPC1 cells were increased. In addition, two ZBTB2 binding sites (-719~-709 and -677~-668) on TRIM58 promoter and two AUF1 binding sites (1250-1256 and 1258-1265) on ZBTB2 3’-UTR were identified. These results suggested that AUF1 affecting thyroid cancer cells via regulating the expression of ZBTB2 and TRIM58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Mei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da-Lin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xu W, Yang W, Wu C, Ma X, Li H, Zheng J. Enolase 1 Correlated With Cancer Progression and Immune-Infiltrating in Multiple Cancer Types: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593706. [PMID: 33643901 PMCID: PMC7902799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase 1 (ENO1) is an oxidative stress protein expressed in endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of ENO1 with prognosis, tumor stage, and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in multiple cancers. ENO1 expression and its influence on tumor stage and clinical prognosis were analyzed by UCSC Xena browser, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GTEx Portal. The ENO1 mutation analysis was performed by cBio Portal, and demonstrated ENO1 mutation (1.8%) did not impact on tumor prognosis. The relationship between ENO1 expression and tumor immunity was analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and GEPIA. The potential functions of ENO1 in pathways were investigated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. ENO1 expression was significantly different in tumor and corresponding normal tissues. ENO1 expression in multiple tumor tissues correlated with prognosis and stage. ENO1 showed correlation with immune infiltrates including B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and tumor purity. ENO1 was proved to be involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, apoptosis, glycolysis process, and other processes. These findings indicate that ENO1 is a potential prognostic biomarker that correlates with cancer progression immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wenna Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning City, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingliang Eye Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinghui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Liu CL, Hsu YC, Lee JJ, Chen MJ, Lin CH, Huang SY, Cheng SP. Targeting the pentose phosphate pathway increases reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110595. [PMID: 31563469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide precursor and NADPH. Cancer cells frequently increase the flux of glucose into the PPP to support the anabolic demands and regulate oxidative stress. Consistently, metabolomic analyses indicate an upregulation of the PPP in thyroid cancer. In the present study, we found that the combination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase inhibitors (6-aminonicotinamide and oxythiamine) exerted an additive or synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition in thyroid cancer cells. Targeting PPP significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Suppressed cell viability could be partially rescued with treatment with the ROS scavenger or apoptosis inhibitor but not ER-stress inhibitor. Taken together, dual PPP blockade leads to pharmacologic additivity or synergism and causes ROS-mediated apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City,Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yuan Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Investigating Therapeutic Effects of Retinoic Acid on Thyroid Cancer via Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.92465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang CY, Shui HA, Chang TC. Dual effects for lovastatin in anaplastic thyroid cancer: the pivotal effect of transketolase (TKT) on lovastatin and tumor proliferation. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the effects of lovastatin on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell growth are mediated by upregulation of transketolase (TKT) expression. The effects of lovastatin on TKT protein levels in ARO cells were determined using western blot and proteomic analyses. After treatment with lovastatin and oxythiamine, the in vitro and in vivo growth of ARO cells was determined using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and tumor xenografts in nude mice. TKT protein expression in the ARO tumors was assessed using immunohistochemistry analysis. Proteomic analysis revealed that 25 µM lovastatin upregulated TKT expression. Co-treatment of ARO cells with 1 µM lovastatin + 1 µM oxythiamine increased TKT protein expression compared with control levels; however, no differences were observed with 10 µM lovastatin + 1 µM oxythiamine. Furthermore, treatment with either oxythiamine or lovastatin alone reduced ARO tumor expression of TKT, as well as decreased ARO cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. However, mice treated with both lovastatin and oxythiamine at the same time had tumor volumes similar to that of the untreated control group. We conclude that either lovastatin or oxythiamine reduced ARO cell growth; however, the combination of these drugs resulted in antagonism of ARO tumor growth.
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Flodrova D, Toporova L, Lastovickova M, Macejova D, Hunakova L, Brtko J, Bobalova J. Consequences of the natural retinoid/retinoid X receptor ligands action in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line: Focus on functional proteomics. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Enolase-1 is a therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15610-27. [PMID: 25951350 PMCID: PMC4558174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ENO1 plays a paradoxical role in driving the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the clinical significance of ENO1 expression remains unclear and its function and modulatory mechanisms have never been reported in endometrial carcinoma (EC). In this study, ENO1 silencing significantly reduced cell glycolysis, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo by modulating p85 suppression. This in turn mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including glycolysis, cell cycle progression, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. These effects on glycolysis and cell growth were not observed after ENO1 suppression in normal human endometrial epithelial cells (HEEC). Knocking down ENO1 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of EC cells to cisplatin (DDP) and markedly inhibited the growth of EC xenografts in vivo. In clinical samples, EC tissues exhibited higher expression levels of ENO1 mRNA and protein compared with normal endometrium tissues. Patients with higher ENO1 expression had a markedly shorter overall survival than patients with low ENO1 expression. We conclude that ENO1 favors carcinogenesis, representing a potential target for gene-based therapy.
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Castillo V, Pessina P, Hall P, Blatter MFC, Miceli D, Arias ES, Vidal P. Post-surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma in dogs with retinoic acid 9 cis improves patient outcome. Open Vet J 2016; 6:6-14. [PMID: 26862515 PMCID: PMC4744371 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of isotretinoin 9-cis (RA9-cis) as a post-surgery treatment of thyroid carcinoma to a traditional treatment (doxorubicin) and no treatment. Owners who did not want their dogs to receive treatment were placed into the control group A (GA; n=10). The remaining dogs were randomly placed into either group B (GB; n=12) and received doxorubicin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 every three weeks, for six complete cycles or group C (GC; n=15) and treated with RA9-cis at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day for 6 months. The time of the recurrence was significantly shorter in the GA and GB compared to GC (P=0.0007; P=0.0015 respectively), while we did not detect differences between GA and GB. The hazard ratio of recurrence between GA and GB compared to GC were 7.25 and 5.60 times shorter, respectively. We did not detect any differences between the other groups. The risk ratio of recurrence was 2.0 times higher in GA compared to GC and 2.1 times higher in GB compared to GC. The type of carcinoma had an effect on time of survival with follicular carcinomas having an increased mean survival time than follicular-compact carcinomas (P<0.0001) and follicular-compact carcinomas had a longer mean survival time than compact carcinomas. The interaction among treatment and type was significant, but survival time in follicular carcinomas did not differ between treatments. In follicular-compact carcinomas the survival time of GC was greater than GB (P<0.05), but we did not detect a difference between GA and GB. In conclusion, this study shows that the use of surgery in combination with RA9-cis treatment significantly increases survival rate and decreases the time to tumor recurrence when compared to doxorubicin treated or untreated dogs. The histological type of carcinoma interacted with treatment for time to recurrence and survival time, with more undifferentiated carcinomas having a worse prognosis than differentiated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Castillo
- Cat. Clin. Méd. Peq. An. and U. Endocrinología, Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Pessina
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Hall
- Cat. Cirugía and U. Cirugía, Hosp., Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Cabrera Blatter
- Cat. Clin. Méd. Peq. An. and U. Endocrinología, Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Miceli
- Cat. Clin. Méd. Peq. An. and U. Endocrinología, Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Soler Arias
- Cat. Clin. Méd. Peq. An. and U. Endocrinología, Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Vidal
- Cat. Clin. Méd. Peq. An. and U. Endocrinología, Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av.Chorroarín 280, C. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhan P, Wang Y, Zhao S, Liu C, Wang Y, Wen M, Mao JH, Wei G, Zhang P. FBXW7 negatively regulates ENO1 expression and function in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 95:995-1004. [PMID: 26097998 PMCID: PMC4552619 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-box and WD40 domain protein 7) is a tumor suppressor frequently inactivated in human cancers. The precise molecular mechanisms by which FBXW7 exerts antitumor activity remain under intensive investigation and are thought to relate in part to FBXW7-mediated destruction of key cancer-relevant proteins. Enolase 1 (ENO1) possesses oncogenic activity and is often overexpressed in various human cancers, besides its critical role in glycolysis. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of ENO1 expression remain unclear. Here we show that the elevated expression of ENO1 was identified in FBXW7-depletion HCT116 cells through two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry assays (2DE-MS). Subsequent western blotting and immunohistochemical assays confirmed that ENO1 expression reversely correlates with FBXW7 expression in several cells and colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, we show that FBXW7 physically binds to ENO1 and targets ENO1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Functionally, we found that FBXW7 suppresses the ENO1-induced gene expression, lactate production, cell proliferation and migration. These findings suggest that ENO1 is a novel substrate of FBXW7, and its activity can be negatively regulated by FBXW7 at the posttranslational level. Our work provides a novel molecular insight into FBXW7-directed tumor suppression through regulation of ENO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shihu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Wen
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
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Fu QF, Liu Y, Fan Y, Hua SN, Qu HY, Dong SW, Li RL, Zhao MY, Zhen Y, Yu XL, Chen YY, Luo RC, Li R, Li LB, Deng XJ, Fang WY, Liu Z, Song X. Alpha-enolase promotes cell glycolysis, growth, migration, and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer through FAK-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:22. [PMID: 25887760 PMCID: PMC4359783 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During tumor formation and expansion, increasing glucose metabolism is necessary for unrestricted growth of tumor cells. Expression of key glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) is controversial and its modulatory mechanisms are still unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expression of ENO1 was examined in NSCLC and non-cancerous lung tissues, NSCLC cell lines, and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE) by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, respectively. The effects and modulatory mechanisms of ENO1 on cell glycolysis, growth, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice were also analyzed. Results ENO1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues in comparison to non-cancerous lung tissues. Similarly, NSCLC cell lines A549 and SPCA-1 also express higher ENO1 than HBE cell line in both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressed ENO1 significantly elevated NSCLC cell glycolysis, proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo by regulating the expression of glycolysis, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. Conversely, ENO1 knockdown reversed these effects. More importantly, our further study revealed that stably upregulated ENO1 activated FAK/PI3K/AKT and its downstream signals to regulate the glycolysis, cell cycle, and EMT-associated genes. Conclusion This study showed that ENO1 is responsible for NSCLC proliferation and metastasis; thus, ENO1 might serve as a potential molecular therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0117-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Fen Fu
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Yue Fan
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Sheng-Ni Hua
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Hong-Ying Qu
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Su-Wei Dong
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Rui-Lei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China.
| | - Meng-Yang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Yan Zhen
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yu
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Yi-Yu Chen
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Rong-Cheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Rong Li
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Li-Bo Li
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Deng
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China.
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic China.
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Song Y, Luo Q, Long H, Hu Z, Que T, Zhang X, Li Z, Wang G, Yi L, Liu Z, Fang W, Qi S. Alpha-enolase as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in glioma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:65. [PMID: 24650096 PMCID: PMC3994408 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of using glycolytic inhibitors for cancer treatment relies on better understanding the roles of each frequently deregulated glycolytic genes in cancer. This report analyzed the involvement of a key glycolytic enzyme, alpha-enolase (ENO1), in tumor progression and prognosis of human glioma. METHODS ENO1 expression levels were examined in glioma tissues and normal brain (NB) tissues. The molecular mechanisms of ENO1 expression and its effects on cell growth, migration and invasion were also explored by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell chamber assay, Boyden chamber assay, Western blot and in vivo tumorigenesis in nude mice. RESULTS ENO1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in glioma tissues compared to NB. In addition, increased ENO1 was associated disease progression in glioma samples. Knocking down ENO1 expression not only significantly decreased cell proliferation, but also markedly inhibited cell migration and invasion as well as in vivo tumorigenesis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, pRb, and NF-κB were downregulated after stable ENO1 knockdown in glioma U251 and U87 cells. Conversely, knockdown of ENO1 resulted in restoration of E-cadherin expression and suppression of mesenchymal cell markers, such as Vimentin, Snail, N-Cadherin, β-Catenin and Slug. Furthermore, ENO1 suppression inactivated PI3K/Akt pathway regulating the cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. CONCLUSION Overexpression of ENO1 is associated with glioma progression. Knockdown of ENO1 expression led to suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion progression by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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13
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Ciregia F, Giusti L, Molinaro A, Niccolai F, Agretti P, Rago T, Di Coscio G, Vitti P, Basolo F, Iacconi P, Tonacchera M, Lucacchini A. Presence in the pre-surgical fine-needle aspiration of potential thyroid biomarkers previously identified in the post-surgical one. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72911. [PMID: 24023790 PMCID: PMC3759451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is usually applied to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules. However, cytological analysis cannot always allow a proper diagnosis. We believe that the improvement of the diagnostic capability of pre-surgical FNA could avoid unnecessary thyroidectomy. In a previous study, we performed a proteome analysis to examine FNA collected after thyroidectomy. With the present study, we examined the applicability of these results on pre-surgical FNA. We collected pre-surgical FNA from 411 consecutive patients, and to obtain a correct comparison with our previous results, we processed only benign (n = 114), papillary classical variant (cPTC) (n = 34) and papillary tall cell variant (TcPTC) (n = 14) FNA. We evaluated levels of five proteins previously found up-regulated in thyroid cancer with respect to benign nodules. ELISA and western blot (WB) analysis were used to assay levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDHB), Ferritin heavy chain, Ferritin light chain, Annexin A1 (ANXA1), and Moesin in FNA. ELISA assays and WB analysis confirmed the increase of LDHB, Moesin, and ANXA1 in pre-surgical FNA of thyroid papillary cancer. Sensitivity and specificity of ANXA1 were respectively 87 and 94% for cPTC, 85 and 100% for TcPTC. In conclusion, a proteomic analysis of FNA from patients with thyroid nodules may help to distinguish benign versus malignant thyroid nodules. Moreover, ANXA1 appears to be an ideal candidate given the high sensitivity and specificity obtained from ROC curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agretti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Rago
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Di Coscio
- Section of Cytopathology, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Iacconi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Ahn JH, Shin JE, Chung BY, Lee HM, Kang HH, Chung JW, Pak JH. Involvement of retinoic acid-induced peroxiredoxin 6 expression in recovery of noise-induced temporary hearing threshold shifts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:463-471. [PMID: 23792233 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is reported to reduce hair cell loss and hearing deterioration caused by noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The present study investigates the involvement of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx 6) in ATRA-mediated protection of temporary threshold shift of hearing. Mice fed with ATRA before or after exposure to white noise showed a faster recovery than untreated controls within 1 week, with a concomitant increase of cochlear Prdx 6 expression. Treatment of mouse auditory cells with ATRA induced Prdx 6 expression. A putative retinoic acid (RA)-response element (RARE) was identified in a murine Prdx 6 promoter region. Prdx 6 promoter activities were elevated in wild-type reporter plasmid-transfected cells, whereas no significant change in activity was in those with RARE-disrupted mutant reporter. RA receptor α (RARα) functions as a transactivator of Prdx 6 gene expression. These findings suggest that ATRA-induced Prdx 6 expression may be associated with rapid recovery from temporary NIHL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Auditory Fatigue/drug effects
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line
- Cochlea/drug effects
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Cochlea/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hearing/drug effects
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutation
- Peroxiredoxin VI/genetics
- Peroxiredoxin VI/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Response Elements
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Ho Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Yi Chung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hee Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jhang Ho Pak
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI, Vougas K, Karamolegou K, Tsangaris GT, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F. Protein biomarkers distinguish between high- and low-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a tissue specific manner. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:52. [PMID: 23849470 PMCID: PMC3717072 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the differential expression detected in the proteomic profiles of low risk- and high risk- ALL pediatric patients to characterize candidate biomarkers related to diagnosis, prognosis and patient targeted therapy. Bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma and cell lysates samples were obtained from pediatric patients with low- (LR) and high-risk (HR) ALL at diagnosis. As controls, non-leukemic pediatric patients were studied. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out by G- banding and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization. Differential proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differential expression of certain proteins was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The obtained data revealed that CLUS, CERU, APOE, APOA4, APOA1, GELS, S10A9, AMBP, ACTB, CATA and AFAM proteins play a significant role in leukemia prognosis, potentially serving as distinctive biomarkers for leukemia aggressiveness, or as suppressor proteins in HR-ALL cases. In addition, vitronectin and plasminogen probably contributed to leukemogenesis, whilst bicaudal D-related protein 1 could afford a significant biomarker for pediatric ALL therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braoudaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Thivon & Levadias 11527 Goudi-Athens, Greece
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16
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Gao H, Yu B, Yan Y, Shen J, Zhao S, Zhu J, Qin W, Gao Y. Correlation of expression levels of ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR with glioma grade and prognosis. J Neurosurg 2012; 118:846-53. [PMID: 23082878 DOI: 10.3171/2012.9.jns112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas are lacking. To elucidate new diagnostic and prognostic targets, a routine method is used to evaluate differences between the protein profile of normal and tumor cells. The object of the current study was to investigate novel differentially expressed proteins and their roles in gliomas. METHODS Differences in the protein profile were compared using 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using C6 glioma cells and rat astrocytes. The mRNA and protein expression of ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR were analyzed in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of ANXA2 in the U87 glioma cell line was interrupted using short interfering RNA duplexes, and the role of ANXA2 in the migration and invasiveness of glioma cells was assessed. The expression of ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR was examined further by immunohistochemical analysis using 130 glioma samples obtained in patients, and their prognostic roles in gliomas were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Significantly higher expression levels of ANXA2 and PGAM1 and a lower level of CALR were found in glioma samples than in the normal brain samples. ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR expression correlated with the grade and survival of patients with gliomas. Multivariate analysis further revealed that ANXA2 was an independent prognostic marker for glioma. After ANXA2 expression was suppressed using short interfering RNA, U87 cells had decreased migratory and invasive capabilities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Protein expression alterations in ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR were found in gliomas, and ANXA2 provided a novel prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Japan
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17
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Pietsch J, Sickmann A, Weber G, Bauer J, Egli M, Wildgruber R, Infanger M, Grimm D. Metabolic enzyme diversity in different human thyroid cell lines and their sensitivity to gravitational forces. Proteomics 2012; 12:2539-46. [PMID: 22707460 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer cells show unique protein expression patterns. We used proteome technology including MS, free flow isoelectric focusing and Western blotting to determine current concentrations of metabolic enzymes in healthy and malignant human thyroid cells. Three different types of human thyroid cells were investigated after they had been cultured under equal conditions. MS revealed high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and moderate quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in malignant FTC-133 cells with abnormal LDH B-chains, high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in normal HTU-5 cells, and low quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citrate cycle enzymes in malignant CGTH-W1 cells with abnormal LDH A-chains. When an alteration of gene expression activity was challenged physically by removing gravity forces, the concentrations of various glycolytic enzymes were changed in normal and malignant thyroid cells. However, the changes varied among the different cell types. Different cellular alignment of the enzymes could be one reason for the cell type-specific behavior as demonstrated by histological analysis of alpha-enolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pietsch
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otte-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Meding S, Balluff B, Elsner M, Schöne C, Rauser S, Nitsche U, Maak M, Schäfer A, Hauck SM, Ueffing M, Langer R, Höfler H, Friess H, Rosenberg R, Walch A. Tissue-based proteomics reveals FXYD3, S100A11 and GSTM3 as novel markers for regional lymph node metastasis in colon cancer. J Pathol 2012; 228:459-70. [PMID: 22430872 DOI: 10.1002/path.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regional lymph node metastasis negatively affects prognosis in colon cancer patients. The molecular processes leading to regional lymph node metastasis are only partially understood and proteomic markers for metastasis are still scarce. Therefore, a tissue-based proteomic approach was undertaken for identifying proteins associated with regional lymph node metastasis. Two complementary tissue-based proteomic methods have been employed. MALDI imaging was used for identifying small proteins (≤25 kDa) in situ and label-free quantitative proteomics was used for identifying larger proteins. A tissue cohort comprising primary colon tumours without metastasis (UICC II, pN0, n = 21) and with lymph node metastasis (UICC III, pN2, n = 33) was analysed. Subsequent validation of identified proteins was done by immunohistochemical staining on an independent tissue cohort consisting of primary colon tumour specimens (n = 168). MALDI imaging yielded ten discriminating m/z species, and label-free quantitative proteomics 28 proteins. Two MALDI imaging-derived candidate proteins (FXYD3 and S100A11) and one from the label-free quantitative proteomics (GSTM3) were validated on the independent tissue cohort. All three markers correlated significantly with regional lymph node metastasis: FXYD3 (p = 0.0110), S100A11 (p = 0.0071), and GSTM3 (p = 0.0173). FXYD3 and S100A11 were more highly expressed in UICC II patient tumour tissues. GSTM3 was more highly expressed in UICC III patient tumour tissues. By our tissue-based proteomic approach, we could identify a large panel of proteins which are associated with regional lymph node metastasis and which have not been described so far. Here we show that novel markers for regional lymph metastasis can be identified by MALDI imaging or label-free quantitative proteomics and subsequently validated on an independent tissue cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Meding
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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19
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Lim JS, Park SH, Jang KL. All-trans retinoic acid induces cellular senescence by up-regulating levels of p16 and p21 via promoter hypomethylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:500-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Trojanowicz B, Dralle H, Hoang-Vu C. AUF1 and HuR: possible implications of mRNA stability in thyroid function and disorders. Thyroid Res 2011; 4 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 21835052 PMCID: PMC3155111 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-4-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract RNA-binding proteins may regulate every aspect of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA trafficking, stability and translation of many genes. The dynamic association of these proteins with RNA defines the lifetime, cellular localization, processing and the rate at which a specific mRNA is translated. One of the pathways involved in regulating of mRNA stability is mediated by adenylate uridylate-rich element (ARE) binding proteins. These proteins are involved in processes of apoptosis, tumorigenesis and development. Out of many ARE-binding proteins, two of them AUF1 and HuR were studied most extensively and reported to regulate the mRNA stability in vivo. Our previously published data demonstrate that both proteins are involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. Several other reports postulate that mRNA binding proteins may participate in thyroid hormone actions. However, until now, exacts mechanisms and the possible role of post-transcriptional regulation and especially the role of AUF1 and HuR in those processes remain not fully understood. In this study we shortly review the possible function of both proteins in relation to development and various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including thyroid function and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Martin-Luther Universität, Halle.
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21
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Park SH, Lim JS, Jang KL. All-trans retinoic acid induces cellular senescence via upregulation of p16, p21, and p27. Cancer Lett 2011; 310:232-9. [PMID: 21803488 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We here present a new anti-tumor mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). ATRA induced several biomarkers of cellular senescence including irreversible G1 arrest, morphological changes, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and heterochromatin foci in HepG2 cells. ATRA also upregulated levels of p16, p21, and p27 which lead to activation of Rb and subsequent inactivation of E2F1. These effects were abolished by the RNA interference-mediated silencing of p16, p21, and p27. Moreover, ATRA failed to induce cellular senescence in Huh7 and HCT116, in which p16, p21, and p27 were not upregulated by ATRA, confirming that ATRA induces cellular senescence via upregulation of p16, p21, and p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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22
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Carter CJ. The Fox and the Rabbits-Environmental Variables and Population Genetics (1) Replication Problems in Association Studies and the Untapped Power of GWAS (2) Vitamin A Deficiency, Herpes Simplex Reactivation and Other Causes of Alzheimer's Disease. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2011; 2011:394678. [PMID: 22389816 PMCID: PMC3263564 DOI: 10.5402/2011/394678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Classical population genetics shows that varying permutations of genes and risk factors permit or disallow the effects of causative agents, depending on circumstance. For example, genes and environment determine whether a fox kills black or white rabbits on snow or black ash covered islands. Risk promoting effects are different on each island, but obscured by meta-analysis or GWAS data from both islands, unless partitioned by different contributory factors. In Alzheimer's disease, the foxes appear to be herpes, borrelia or chlamydial infection, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, diabetes, cerebral hypoperfusion, oestrogen depletion, or vitamin A deficiency, all of which promote beta-amyloid deposition in animal models—without the aid of gene variants. All relate to risk factors and subsets of susceptibility genes, which condition their effects. All are less prevalent in convents, where nuns appear less susceptible to the ravages of ageing. Antagonism of the antimicrobial properties of beta-amyloid by Abeta autoantibodies in the ageing population, likely generated by antibodies raised to beta-amyloid/pathogen protein homologues, may play a role in this scenario. These agents are treatable by diet and drugs, vitamin supplementation, pathogen detection and elimination, and autoantibody removal, although again, the beneficial effects of individual treatments may be tempered by genes and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Carter
- PolygenicPathways, Flat 4, 20 Upper Maze Hill, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN38 0LG, UK
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