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Kogure GS, Verruma CG, Santana BA, Calado RT, Ferriani RA, Furtado CLM, Dos Reis RM. Obesity contributes to telomere shortening in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1601-1609. [PMID: 38393627 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder and obesity occurs in 38% to 88% of these women. Although hyperandrogenism may contribute to telomere lengthening, increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with telomere erosion. We sought to compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in PCOS women with normal, overweight, and obese BMI. We evaluated the relationship between LTL and clinical variables of PCOS and inflammatory biomarkers independent of BMI. A total of 348 women (243 PCOS and 105 non-PCOS) were evaluated for anthropometric measures, total testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), fasting insulin and glycemia, lipid profile, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). LTL was measured by qPCR. The PCOS group presented higher weight, waist circumference, BMI, testosterone, LH, fasting insulin, FAI, and HOMA-IR, and lower E2, SHBG, and fasting glycemia measures compared with the non-PCOS. When stratified by BMI, LTL was increased in all subgroups in PCOS compared to non-PCOS. However, in the PCOS group, LTL was lower in overweight (P = 0.0187) and obese (P = 0.0018) compared to normal-weight women. The generalized linear model showed that BMI, androstenedione, homocysteine, and CRP were associated with telomere biology. Women with PCOS had longer LTL, however, overweight or obesity progressively contributes to telomere shortening and may affect reproductive outcomes of PCOS, while androstenedione may increase LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gennari Verruma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Barbara A Santana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Experimental Biology Center, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Campisi M, Cannella L, Celik D, Gabelli C, Gollin D, Simoni M, Ruaro C, Fantinato E, Pavanello S. Mitigating cellular aging and enhancing cognitive functionality: visual arts-mediated Cognitive Activation Therapy in neurocognitive disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1354025. [PMID: 38524114 PMCID: PMC10957554 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1354025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing phenomenon of population aging is redefining demographic dynamics, intensifying age-related conditions, especially dementia, projected to triple by 2050 with an enormous global economic burden. This study investigates visual arts-mediated Cognitive Activation Therapy (CAT) as a non-pharmacological CAT intervention targets both biological aging [leukocyte telomere length (LTL), DNA methylation age (DNAmAge)] and cognitive functionality. Aligning with a broader trend of integrating non-pharmacological approaches into dementia care. The longitudinal study involved 20 patients with mild to moderate neurocognitive disorders. Cognitive and functional assessments, and biological aging markers -i.e., LTL and DNAmAge- were analyzed before and after CAT intervention. Change in LTL was positively correlated with days of treatment (p =0.0518). LTL significantly elongated after intervention (p =0.0269), especially in men (p =0.0142), correlating with younger age (p =0.0357), and higher education (p =0.0008). DNAmAge remained instead stable post-treatment. Cognitive and functional improvements were observed for Copy of complex geometric figure, Progressive Silhouettes, Position Discrimination, Communication Activities of Daily Living-Second edition, Direct Functional Status (p < 0.0001) and Object decision (p =0.0594), but no correlations were found between LTL and cognitive gains. Visual arts-mediated CAT effectively mitigates cellular aging, especially in men, by elongating LTL. These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological interventions in enhancing cognitive and functional status and general well-being in dementia care. Further research with larger and longer-term studies is essential for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Campisi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luana Cannella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Dilek Celik
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Gabelli
- Regional Centre for the Aging Brain (CRIC), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Donata Gollin
- Regional Centre for the Aging Brain (CRIC), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Simoni
- Regional Centre for the Aging Brain (CRIC), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Ruaro
- Regional Centre for the Aging Brain (CRIC), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Fantinato
- Regional Centre for the Aging Brain (CRIC), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Yu TN, Cheng EH, Lin YP, Chen YC, Huang CC, Lee TH, Lee MS. Significantly shortened telomere length and altered androgen receptor level in cumulus cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:845-851. [PMID: 38008503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between hormone receptor levels and telomere length (TL) in infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study recruited a total of 431 cumulus oocyte complex (COC) from 88 infertile women between July 2012 and June 2014. The participants were divided into three groups: young age (<38 years, n = 42 and 227 COC), advanced age (≥38 years, n = 33 and 107 COC) and PCOS patients (n = 13 and 97 COC). Cumulus cells were collected from individual follicle during oocyte pick-up, and the mRNA levels of hormone receptors and TL were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS The cumulus cells of PCOS patients demonstrated lower mRNA levels of LH receptor (75.57 ± 138.10 vs. 171.07 ± 317.68; p < 0.01) and androgen receptor (1.13 ± 1.52 vs. 4.08 ± 9.57; p < 0.01), as well as a shorter TL (2.39 ± 2.58 vs. 3.96 ± 4.72; p < 0.01) compared to those of the young age group. In the young age group, only androgen receptor mRNA level showed a significant association with TL (rho = 0.148, p = 0.026), while FSH receptor mRNA level was the only factor associated with TL (rho = 0.247, p = 0.015) in PCOS patients. For advanced-aged patients, no significant relationship was observed between hormone receptor mRNA levels and TL. Alternative splicing of androgen receptors was identified in some PCOS patients but not in young age controls. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the androgen receptor level and function may be altered in the cumulus cells of PCOS patients, leading to a shorter TL in cumulus cells in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ning Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - En-Hui Cheng
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Lin
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Huang
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Borella F, Fucina S, Mangherini L, Cosma S, Carosso AR, Cusato J, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Katsaros D, Benedetto C. Hormone Receptors and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Recent Advances in Biology and Treatment Options. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2157. [PMID: 37626654 PMCID: PMC10452581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, EOC remains a challenging disease to manage, and the 5-year survival rate is still poor. The role of hormone receptors (HRs) in EOC carcinogenesis and prognosis has been actively explored; however, the role of hormone therapy (HT) in the treatment of these tumors is not well established. Most available data on HT mainly come from retrospective series and small early clinical trials. Several of these studies suggest that HT may have a role in adjuvant, maintenance therapy, or in the case of recurrent disease, especially for some subtypes of EOC (e.g., low-grade serous EOC). Furthermore, HT has recently been combined with targeted therapies, but most studies evaluating these combinations are still ongoing. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the progress made in the last decade to characterize the biological and prognostic role of HRs for EOC and the developments in their therapeutic targeting through HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefano Fucina
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
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Marriott RJ, Murray K, Budgeon CA, Codd V, Hui J, Arscott GM, Beilby JP, Hankey GJ, Wittert GA, Wu FCW, Yeap BB. Serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin are inversely associated with leucocyte telomere length in men: a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank study. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:7031076. [PMID: 36751991 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older men on an average have lower testosterone concentrations, compared with younger men, and more age-related comorbidities. Whether lower testosterone concentrations contribute to biological ageing remains unclear. Shorter telomeres are a marker for biological age. We tested the hypothesis that testosterone concentrations are associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL), in middle- to older-aged men. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank study, involving community-dwelling men aged 40-69 years. METHODS Serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were assayed. Free testosterone was calculated (cFT). Leucocyte telomere length was measured using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable models were used to assess associations of hormones with standardised LTL. RESULTS In 167 706 men, median age 58 years, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors, total testosterone was inversely associated with standardised LTL, which was 0.09 longer (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.10, P < .001) in men with total testosterone at median of lowest quintile [Q1] vs highest [Q5]. This relationship was attenuated after additional adjustment for SHBG (0.03 longer, CI = 0.02-0.05, P = .003). The association between cFT and LTL was similar in direction but lower in magnitude. In multivariable analysis, SHBG was inversely associated with standardised LTL, which was 0.12 longer (CI = 0.10-0.13, P < .001) for SHBG at median Q1 vs Q5. Results were similar with testosterone included in the model (0.10 longer, CI = 0.08-0.12, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Total testosterone and SHBG were independently and inversely associated with LTL. Men with higher testosterone or SHBG had shorter telomeres, arguing against a role for testosterone to slow biological ageing in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Marriott
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Charley A Budgeon
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Gillian M Arscott
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth 6150, Australia
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Noguera JC, Velando A. Maternal testosterone affects offspring telomerase activity in a long-lived seabird. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9281. [PMID: 36110870 PMCID: PMC9465397 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are a group of steroid hormones that have long been proposed as a mechanism underpinning intergenerational plasticity. In birds, maternally allocated egg testosterone, one of the main androgens in vertebrates, affects a wide variety of offspring phenotypic traits but the mechanisms underlying this form of intergenerational plasticity are not yet well understood. Recent in vitro and animal model studies have shown that telomerase expression and activity are important targets of androgen signaling. The telomerase enzyme is known for its repair function on telomeres, the DNA-protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are involved in genomic integrity and cell aging. However, the role of maternal testosterone in influencing offspring telomerase levels in natural populations and its consequences on telomere length and potentially on offspring development is still unknown. Here, by experimentally modifying the level of egg testosterone in a natural population of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), we show that chicks hatched from testosterone-treated eggs had higher average levels of telomerase and faster growth than controls during the first week of life. While testosterone-treated chicks also tended to have longer telomeres than controls at hatching this difference disappeared by day 6 of age. Overall, our results suggest that maternal testosterone may have a potential adaptive value by promoting offspring growth and presumably telomerase levels, as this enzyme plays other important physiological functions (e.g., stress resistance, cell signaling, or tissue genesis) besides telomere lengthening. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the potential adaptive function of telomerase in natural populations is scarce and so the potential pathways linking maternal hormones, offspring telomerase, and fitness should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C. Noguera
- Grupo de Ecología Animal (GEA), Centro de Investigación Marina (CIM)Universidad de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Alberto Velando
- Grupo de Ecología Animal (GEA), Centro de Investigación Marina (CIM)Universidad de VigoVigoSpain
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7
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Hormone therapy for ovarian cancer: Emphasis on mechanisms and applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:223. [PMID: 34435651 PMCID: PMC8424487 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancies. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Experimental studies have indicated that hormone receptors are expressed in OC cells and mediate the growth stimulatory or growth inhibitory effects of hormones on these cells. Hormone therapy agents have been evaluated in a number of clinical trials. The majority of these trials were conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory OC with average efficacy and limited side-effects. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormone therapy. In the present review article, the role of hormones (GnRH, gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens and progestins) and their receptors in OC tumorigenesis, and hormonal therapy in OC treatment is discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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8
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Aubrey C, Saad N, Köbel M, Mattatall F, Nelson G, Glaze S. Implications for management of ovarian cancer in a transgender man: Impact of androgens and androgen receptor status. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:342-346. [PMID: 33663874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 36-year-old transgender man (assigned female at birth) on exogenous testosterone therapy was found to have stage IIA ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Diffuse androgen receptor expression in the tumor initiated a multidisciplinary discussion regarding the safety of continuing exogenous testosterone as gender-affirming hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Aubrey
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saad
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Fiona Mattatall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gregg Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah Glaze
- Department of Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Velazquez ME, Millan AL, Rojo M, Abruzzese GA, Cocucci SE, Iglesias Molli AE, Frechtel GD, Motta AB, Cerrone GE. Telomere Length Differently Associated to Obesity and Hyperandrogenism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:604215. [PMID: 34054718 PMCID: PMC8162376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.604215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often present metabolic disorders and hyperandrogenism (HA), facts that may influence the telomere length (TL). AIMS To compare the absolute TL (aTL) between women with PCOS and control women, and their association with the presence of obesity and HA parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PCOS group included 170 unrelated women outpatients and the control group, 64 unrelated donor women. Anthropometric, biochemical-clinical parameters and androgen profile were determined. The PCOS patients were divided accordingly to the presence of obesity and androgenic condition. The aTL was determined from peripheral blood leukocytes by Real Time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Women with PCOS exhibited a significantly longer aTL than controls after age adjustment (p=0.001). A stepwise multivariate linear regression in PCOS women, showed that WC (waist circumference) contributed negatively (b=-0.17) while testosterone levels contributed positively (b=7.24) to aTL. The non-Obese PCOS (noOB-PCOS) presented the longest aTL when compared to controls (p=0.001). Meanwhile, the aTL was significantly higher in the hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotype (HA-PCOS) than in the controls (p=0.001) and non hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotype (NHA-PCOS) (p=0.04). Interestingly, when considering obesity and HA parameters in PCOS, HA exerts the major effect over the aTL as non-obese HA exhibited the lengthiest aTL (23.9 ± 13.13 Kbp). Conversely, the obese NHA patients showed the shortest aTL (16.5 ± 10.59 Kbp). CONCLUSIONS Whilst a shorter aTL could be related to the presence of obesity, a longer aTL would be associated with HA phenotype. These findings suggest a balance between the effect produced by the different metabolic and hormonal components, in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Edith Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea L. Millan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmaciay Bioquímica, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mailén Rojo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmaciay Bioquímica, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Ema Cocucci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmaciay Bioquímica, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elena Iglesias Molli
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Daniel Frechtel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmaciay Bioquímica, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmaciay Bioquímica, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Gloria Edith Cerrone,
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10
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Role of the TLR4-androgen receptor axis and genistein in taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Fang C, Huang H, Zhang Q, Wang N, Jing X, Guo J, Ferianc M, Xu Z. Relation between sex hormones and leucocyte telomere length in men with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2020; 25:1265-1273. [PMID: 32583532 PMCID: PMC7754418 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective IPF is an ageing‐related lung disorder featuring progressive lung scarring. IPF patients are frequently identified with short telomeres but coding mutations in telomerase can only explain a minority of cases. Sex hormones regulate telomerase activity in vitro and levels of sex hormones are related to LTL. The objective of this study was to explore whether sex hormones were associated with LTL, whether they interacted with genetic variants in telomerase and whether polymorphisms in the exon of androgen metabolism genes were associated with plasma testosterone concentrations in male IPF patients. Methods A case–control study was performed on 101 male IPF subjects and 51 age‐matched healthy controls. Early morning plasma sex hormones were quantified, and whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify rare protein‐altering variants of telomerase and SNP in the exon of androgen metabolism genes. LTL was analysed by PCR and expressed as a T/S ratio. Results LTL, testosterone and DHT were decreased significantly in the IPF group. After adjustments for age and variant status in telomerase‐related genes, only testosterone was positively associated with LTL (P = 0.001). No significant interaction (P = 0.661) was observed between rare protein‐altering variants of telomerase and testosterone. No coding SNP in androgen metabolism genes were significantly associated with testosterone concentrations. Conclusion Plasma testosterone is associated with LTL independent of age or rare protein‐altering variants of telomerase. No genetic variations of androgen‐related pathway genes are associated with androgen concentrations. Further studies are warranted to examine whether hormonal interventions might retard telomere loss in male IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Ferianc
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Shafi FAA, Jabbar EAK, Yousif RM, Lafta FM. Effect of exercise, synthetic anabolic steroids and protein intake on DNA damage in trained and untrained men. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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13
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Immature Oocytes and Cumulus Cells of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1293-1303. [PMID: 32046456 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metaphase II oocytes (MII) from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently have impaired oocyte competence. Since telomere maintenance is important for folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryonic development, we sought to verify the implications of PCOS on telomere length and telomerase activity in immature oocytes and cumulus cells. 43 PCOS and 67 control women were included, and anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal characteristics were evaluated. The telomere length in germinal vesicle stage (GV) and in metaphase I (MI) oocytes, as well as in the cumulus cells of immature (CCI) and mature oocytes (CCM), and in leukocytes was measured by qPCR. The telomerase activity in reproductive cells was evaluated by the TRAPeze® XL Kit. The body mass index (p = 0.001), LH (p = 0.015), estradiol (p = 0.004), insulin (p = 0.002), testosterone (p < 0.0001), androstenedione (p = 0.001), free androgen index (p < 0.0001), and c-reactive protein (p = 0.003) were greater, while the FSH (p = 0.0002) was lower in the PCOS group. The telomere length in the CCI (p = 0.649) and CCM (p = 0.378) did not differ between the PCOS and the control groups. On the other hand, telomerase activity in the CCI (p = 0.003) and CCM (p = 0.022) was higher in the PCOS group. In the leukocyte's cells, the telomere length was reduced in the PCOS group (p = 0.025). In the GV and MI oocytes, no differences were observed in telomere length and telomerase activity between the groups. We showed that telomere length is not altered in reproductive cells from PCOS. However, higher telomerase activity in the CCI and CCM may be required for telomere length maintenance.
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14
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Krasanakis T, Nikolouzakis TK, Sgantzos M, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Souglakos J, Spandidos DA, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Role of anabolic agents in colorectal carcinogenesis: Myths and realities (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2228-2244. [PMID: 31578582 PMCID: PMC6826302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the four leading causes of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Even though over the past few decades the global scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand this entity, many questions remain to be raised on this issue and even more to be answered. Epidemiological findings have unveiled numerous environmental and genetic risk factors, each one contributing to a certain degree to the final account of new CRC cases. Moreover, different trends have been revealed regarding the age of onset of CRC between the two sexes. That, in addition to newly introduced therapeutic approaches for various diseases based on androgens, anti‑androgens and anabolic hormones has raised some concerns regarding their possible carcinogenic effects or their synergistic potential with other substances/risk factors, predisposing the individual to CRC. Notably, despite the intense research on experimental settings and population studies, the conclusions regarding the majority of anabolic substances are ambiguous. Some of these indicate the carcinogenic properties of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), growth hormone and insulin‑like growth factor (IGF) and others, demonstrating their neutral nature or even their protective one, as in the case of vitamin D. Thus, the synergistic nature of anabolic substances with other CRC risk factors (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and smoking) has emerged, suggesting a more holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Krasanakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Markos Sgantzos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodore Mariolis-Sapsakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agioi Anargyroi General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifisia, 14564 Athens, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Alnafakh RAA, Adishesh M, Button L, Saretzki G, Hapangama DK. Telomerase and Telomeres in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31157162 PMCID: PMC6533802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres at the termini of human chromosomes are shortened with each round of cell division due to the “end replication problem” as well as oxidative stress. During carcinogenesis, cells acquire or retain mechanisms to maintain telomeres to avoid initiation of cellular senescence or apoptosis and halting cell division by critically short telomeres. The unique reverse transcriptase enzyme complex, telomerase, catalyzes the maintenance of telomeres but most human somatic cells do not have sufficient telomerase activity to prevent telomere shortening. Tissues with high and prolonged replicative potential demonstrate adequate cellular telomerase activity to prevent telomere erosion, and high telomerase activity appears to be a critical feature of most (80–90%) epithelial cancers, including endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers regress in response to progesterone which is frequently used to treat advanced endometrial cancer. Endometrial telomerase is inhibited by progestogens and deciphering telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer is therefore important, as targeting telomerase (a downstream target of progestogens) in endometrial cancer may provide novel and more effective therapeutic avenues. This review aims to examine the available evidence for the role and importance of telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafah A A Alnafakh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Adishesh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Button
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Yeap BB, Hui J, Knuiman MW, Handelsman DJ, Flicker L, Divitini ML, Arscott GM, McLennan SV, Twigg SM, Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Golledge J, Norman PE, Beilby JP. Cross-sectional associations of sex hormones with leucocyte telomere length, a marker of biological age, in a community-based cohort of older men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:562-569. [PMID: 30561819 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Telomeres protect chromosomes from damage, and shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker of advancing biological age. The association between testosterone (T) and its bioactive metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E2) with telomere length, particularly in older men, is uncertain. The study aimed to clarify associations of sex hormones with LTL in older men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 2913 men aged 76.7 ± 3.2 years with morning blood samples assayed for T, DHT, E2 (mass spectrometry), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG, immunoassay), to correlate sex hormones with LTL measured using PCR and expressed as T/S ratio in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease history. RESULTS Average difference per decade of age was T -0.46 nmol/L, DHT -0.11 nmol/L, E2 -7.5 pmol/L, SHBG +10.2 nmol/L and LTL (T/S ratio) -0.065. E2 correlated with T/S ratio (r = 0.038, P = 0.039) and SHBG was inversely correlated (r = -0.053, P = 0.004). After multivariable adjustment, E2 was associated with T/S ratio (per 1 SD increase E2: coefficient 0.011, P = 0.043), T and DHT were not associated. When E2 and SHBG were simultaneously included, E2 remained positively (coefficient 0.014, P = 0.014) and SHBG inversely (coefficient -0.013, P = 0.037) associated with T/S ratio. CONCLUSIONS In older men, neither T nor DHT is associated with LTL while E2 is independently associated with LTL and SHBG is inversely associated, thus relating sex hormone exposure to lower biological age. Further research is needed to determine causality and clarify the role of sex hormones in male ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark L Divitini
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gillian M Arscott
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E Norman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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The Role of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020176. [PMID: 30791431 PMCID: PMC6406955 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that androgen receptor signaling plays an important role in ovarian cancer outgrowth. Specifically, androgen receptor activation appears to be associated with increased risks of developing ovarian cancer and inducing tumor progression. However, conflicting findings have also been reported. This review summarizes and discusses the available data indicating the involvement of androgens as well as androgen receptor and related signals in ovarian carcinogenesis and cancer growth. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms for androgen receptor functions in ovarian cancer remain far from being fully understood, current observations may offer effective chemopreventive and therapeutic approaches, via modulation of androgen receptor activity, against ovarian cancer. Indeed, several clinical trials have been conducted to determine the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with ovarian cancer.
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18
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Coburn SB, Graubard BI, Trabert B, McGlynn KA, Cook MB. Associations between circulating sex steroid hormones and leukocyte telomere length in men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Andrology 2018; 6:542-546. [PMID: 29752772 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence suggests that sex steroid hormones, such as danazol (a synthetic sex steroid hormone), may be involved in enhancing telomerase activity. Elucidating underlying mechanisms of telomerase activity may further therapeutic options for individuals with telomeropathies and potentially avert certain age-related conditions. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between circulating sex steroid hormones and SHBG with leukocyte telomere length among 499 males in NHANES (1999-2002 surveys). Sample-weighted linear regression analyses were conducted to assess age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted estimates of associations. Estimates were rescaled to represent telomere length change in base pairs per half the value of the interquartile range of the independent variable. Estradiol and free estradiol were significantly inversely associated with leukocyte telomere length (βcontinuous per §IQR = -61, p = 0.04; free estradiol βcontinuous per §IQR = -67, p = 0.03). Testosterone, free testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide, and SHBG were not associated with leukocyte telomere length. The inverse association seen in this study indicates that a danazol-induced hypoestrogenic state could partly underlie the previously observed association between danazol therapy and increased leukocyte telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Coburn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Salerno M, Cascio O, Bertozzi G, Sessa F, Messina A, Monda V, Cipolloni L, Biondi A, Daniele A, Pomara C. Anabolic androgenic steroids and carcinogenicity focusing on Leydig cell: a literature review. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19415-19426. [PMID: 29721213 PMCID: PMC5922407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are some of the most common drugs used among athletes, frequently in combination with resistance training, to improve physical performance or for aesthetic purpose. A great number of scientific reports showed the detrimental effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on different organs and tissues. In this literature review, we analyzed the AAS-mediated carcinogenicity, focusing on Leydig cell tumor. AAS-induced carcinogenicity can affect DNA transcription through two pathways. It can act directly via the androgen receptor, by means of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) produced by the action of 5-a-reductase. It can also work through the estrogen receptor, by means of estradiol produced by CYP19 aromatase. In addition, nandrolone and stanazolol can activate the PI3K/AKT and PLC/PKC pathways via IGF-1. This would result in cell proliferation in Leydig cell cancer, or magnify cyclin D1 concentration inducing breast cell proliferation. AAS abuse is becoming a serious public health concern in view of the severe health consequences secondary to AAS abuse. The negative role of AAS in supraphysiological dosage impairs the expression of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. Abnormal synthesis of testosterone plays has a negative effect on the hormonal changes/regulation, and might be involved in certain carcinogenic mechanisms. At the light of this review, it could become very interesting to perform an information campaign more strengthened in gyms and schools in order to prevent male fertility impairment and other tissues damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salerno
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Orazio Cascio
- University of Catania, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertozzi
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Department of Public Health, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- University of Catania, Department of Surgery, Catania, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- University of Catania, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania, Italy
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20
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Cheung AS, Yeap BB, Hoermann R, Hui J, Beilby JP, Grossmann M. Effects of androgen deprivation therapy on telomere length. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:381-385. [PMID: 28543303 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that androgens either directly or via aromatisation to oestradiol may regulate telomere length, hence providing a mechanism whereby reproductive steroids are linked to biological ageing in men. Using men with prostate cancer initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), we tested the hypothesis that severe sex steroid deprivation would accelerate telomere shortening. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of a 2-year prospective controlled study among 65 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer newly commencing adjuvant ADT (n=40) and age- and radiotherapy-matched prostate cancer controls (n=25). METHODS We measured leucocyte telomere length (LTL) expressed as telomeric/single copy control gene (T/S) ratio at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Generalized linear models determined the mean adjusted difference (MAD) (95% confidence interval) between groups during follow-up. RESULTS Compared to controls over 24 months, men receiving ADT had no change in LTL, MAD for T/S ratio (0.105 [-0.004; 0.213], P=.235). CONCLUSIONS Using men with prostate cancer receiving ADT as a model we found no evidence that prolonged and profound sex steroid deprivation is associated with accelerated telomere shortening. Larger studies will be required to confirm or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada S Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Hapangama DK, Kamal A, Saretzki G. Implications of telomeres and telomerase in endometrial pathology. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:166-187. [PMID: 27979878 PMCID: PMC5850744 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic chromosomal ends are linear and are protected by nucleoprotein complexes known as telomeres. The complex structural anatomy and the diverse functions of telomeres as well as the unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, telomerase that maintains telomeres are under intensive scientific scrutiny. Both are involved in many human diseases including cancer, but also in ageing and chronic disease such as diabetes. Their intricate involvement in many cellular processes and pathways is being dynamically deciphered in many organs including the endometrium. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the topic of telomeres and telomerase and their potential role in providing plausible explanations for endometrial aberrations related to common gynaecological pathologies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review outlines the recent major findings in telomere and telomerase functions in the context of endometrial biology. It highlights the contemporary discoveries in hormonal regulation, normal endometrial regeneration, stem cells and common gynaecological diseases such as endometriosis, infertility, recurrent reproductive failure and endometrial cancer (EC). SEARCH METHODS The authors carried out systematic PubMed (Medline) and Ovid searches using the key words: telomerase, telomeres, telomere length, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomeric RNA component, with endometrium, hormonal regulation, endometrial stem/progenitor cells, endometrial regeneration, endometriosis, recurrent miscarriage, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, EC and uterine cancer. Publications used in this review date from 1995 until 31st June 2016. OUTCOMES The human endometrium is a unique somatic organ, which displays dynamic telomerase activity (TA) related to the menstrual cycle. Telomerase is implicated in almost all endometrial pathologies and appears to be crucial to endometrial stem cells. In particular, it is vital for normal endometrial regeneration, providing a distinct route to formulate possible curative, non-hormonal therapies to treat chronic endometrial conditions. Furthermore, our current understanding of telomere maintenance in EC is incomplete. Data derived from other malignancies on the role of telomerase in carcinogenesis cannot be extrapolated to EC because unlike in other cancers, TA is already present in proliferating healthy endometrial cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Since telomerase is pivotal to endometrial regeneration, further studies elucidating the role of telomeres, telomerase, their associated proteins and their regulation in normal endometrial regeneration as well as their role in endometrial pathologies are essential. This approach may allow future development of novel treatment strategies that are not only non-hormonal but also potentially curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.,Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - A Kamal
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.,The National Center for Early Detection of Cancer, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - G Saretzki
- Institute for Ageing and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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Swerdloff RS, Dudley RE, Page ST, Wang C, Salameh WA. Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Implications of Elevated Blood Levels. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:220-254. [PMID: 28472278 PMCID: PMC6459338 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benefits associated with lowered serum DHT levels after 5α-reductase inhibitor (5AR-I) therapy in men have contributed to a misconception that circulating DHT levels are an important stimulus for androgenic action in target tissues (e.g., prostate). Yet evidence from clinical studies indicates that intracellular concentrations of androgens (particularly in androgen-sensitive tissues) are essentially independent of circulating levels. To assess the clinical significance of modest elevations in serum DHT and the DHT/testosterone (T) ratio observed in response to common T replacement therapy, a comprehensive review of the published literature was performed to identify relevant data. Although the primary focus of this review is about DHT in men, we also provide a brief overview of DHT in women. The available published data are limited by the lack of large, well-controlled studies of long duration that are sufficiently powered to expose subtle safety signals. Nonetheless, the preponderance of available clinical data indicates that modest elevations in circulating levels of DHT in response to androgen therapy should not be of concern in clinical practice. Elevated DHT has not been associated with increased risk of prostate disease (e.g., cancer or benign hyperplasia) nor does it appear to have any systemic effects on cardiovascular disease safety parameters (including increased risk of polycythemia) beyond those commonly observed with available T preparations. Well-controlled, long-term studies of transdermal DHT preparations have failed to identify safety signals unique to markedly elevated circulating DHT concentrations or signals materially different from T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California 90502
| | | | - Stephanie T Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California 90502
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California 90509
| | - Wael A Salameh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California 90502
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Zhu H, Zhu X, Zheng L, Hu X, Sun L, Zhu X. The role of the androgen receptor in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and its clinical implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:29395-29405. [PMID: 27741511 PMCID: PMC5438739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death in women with gynecologic malignancies. There is emerging evidence that Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of this disease. Androgen receptor is frequently expressed in various subtypes of ovarian cancers and androgen/AR signaling has been shown to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, shorter AR CAG repeats length and increased AR activity are associated with increased ovarian cancer risk and may be a useful prognosticator under certain circumstances. Here, we summarize current findings regarding the role of the AR in ovarian cancer and discuss agents that target this pathway as potential therapeutics for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - LuZhe Sun
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Blanco LZ, Kuhn E, Morrison JC, Bahadirli-Talbott A, Smith-Sehdev A, Kurman RJ. Steroid hormone synthesis by the ovarian stroma surrounding epithelial ovarian tumors: a potential mechanism in ovarian tumorigenesis. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:563-576. [PMID: 28059101 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian tumors are responsive to steroid hormone stimulation and the ovarian stroma may have a direct role in this process. We evaluated immunohistochemical markers of sex-steroid differentiation and steroidogenesis (calretinin, inhibin, steroidogenic factor 1), steroid enzymes involved in hormone biosynthesis (CYP17, CYP19, HSD17β1, AKR1C3), and hormone receptors (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor) in 101 epithelial ovarian tumors and in normal structures implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis (ovarian surface epithelium and cortical inclusion cysts) in an attempt to elucidate this process. We hypothesized that ovarian stroma immediately adjacent to tumors express markers of sex-steroid differentiation and steroidogenesis and steroid enzymes whereas the epithelium contains corresponding hormone receptors. As the findings in seromucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell neoplasms, tumors closely associated with endometriosis, were very similar, these were combined into a group designated 'endometriosis-related tumors.' Significantly increased expression of markers of sex-steroid differentiation and steroidogenesis was found in stroma immediately adjacent to endometriosis-related tumors (P=0.003) and mucinous tumors (primary and metastatic mucinous tumors were combined because of similar findings) (P<0.0001) compared with more remote ovarian stroma. In addition, sex-steroid enzymes were increased in stroma adjacent to endometriosis-related tumors (P=0.02) and mucinous tumors (P=0.02) compared with more distant stroma. Steroid hormone receptors showed greater expression in epithelium compared with stroma in the endometriosis-related tumors (P=0.0009), low-grade serous tumors (P<0.0001), and high-grade serous carcinoma (P=0.0036). In contrast, there was greater expression in stroma compared with epithelium (P<0.0001) in mucinous tumors, which may be due to the fact that they are not derived from müllerian epithelium. In conclusion, our findings strongly support the view that the stroma surrounding epithelial tumors in the ovary is activated to elaborate steroid hormones which may stimulate further neoplastic growth. The precise mechanisms by which this process might occur are complex and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Z Blanco
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisabetta Kuhn
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane C Morrison
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Kurman
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Wang C, Shen F, Zhu Y, Fang Y, Lu S. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:552-559. [PMID: 27864985 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) participates in the regulation of telomere length, and leucocyte telomere length (LTL) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but little is known about the role of TERRA in PCOS. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of TERRA and peripheral blood LTL in PCOS. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Forty women with PCOS and 35 healthy women without PCOS were recruited. A prospective case-control study was performed. MEASUREMENTS RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect TERRA expression in peripheral blood leucocyte. Quantitative PCR was used to measure TERRA expression and the mean LTL in the PCOS and control groups. We analysed the association between related clinical parameters and the age-adjusted ratio of the telomere repeat length (T/S ratio) or TERRA. RESULTS Telomeric repeat-containing RNA was expressed in human peripheral blood leucocytes, and the signal was abolished after culture with RNase A. The age-adjusted LTLs were significantly longer in the PCOS group than in the control group (P < 0·01). The age-adjusted TERRA level was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group (P < 0·01). Testosterone (TTE) was related positively to LTL and negatively to TERRA in the PCOS group (r = 0·532, P = 0·002; r = -0·477, P = 0·017). CONCLUSION We found TERRA expression in human peripheral blood leucocytes, and LTLs were positively associated with PCOS. TERRA and testosterone play an important role in the LTL regulation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuning Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kara M, Ozcagli E, Fragkiadaki P, Kotil T, Stivaktakis PD, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Alpertunga B. Determination of DNA damage and telomerase activity in stanozolol-treated rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:614-618. [PMID: 28352339 PMCID: PMC5348646 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are performance-enhancing drugs commonly abused by atheletes. Stanozolol is a synthetic testosterone-derived anabolic steroid. Although it is well known that AAS have several side-effects, there are only few toxicological studies available on the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of stanozolol. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of stanozolol and to determine its effects on telomerase activity in Sprague-Dawley male rats. For this purpose, 34 male rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: i) the control group (n=5); ii) the propylene glycol (PG)-treated group (n=5); iii) the stanozolol-treated group (n=8); iv) the PG-treated group subjected to exercise (n=8); and v) the stanozolol-treated group subjected to exercise (n=8). PG is used as a solvent control in our study. Stanozolol (5 mg/kg) and PG (1 ml/kg) were injected subcutaneously 5 days/week for 28 days. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed, and DNA damage evaluation (comet assay) and telomerase activity assays were then performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomerase activity was measured by using the TeloTAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA PLUS kit. The results of this study revealed that stanozolol treatment induced DNA damage, while exercise exerted a protective effect. Stanozolol treatment without exercise stimulation was associated with a significant increase in telomerase activity in the PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Tugba Kotil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
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27
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Yeap BB, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML, Hui J, Arscott GM, Handelsman DJ, McLennan SV, Twigg SM, McQuillan B, Hung J, Beilby JP. Epidemiological and Mendelian Randomization Studies of Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1299-306. [PMID: 26789780 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Advancing age is accompanied by an accumulation of ill health and shortening of chromosomal telomeres signifying biological aging. T is metabolized to DHT by 5α-reductase (SRD5A2) and to estradiol (E2) by aromatase (CYP19A1). Telomerase preserves telomeres, and T and E2 regulate telomerase expression and activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to establish whether circulating T or its metabolites, DHT or E2, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SRD5A2 or CYP19A1 associate with leucocyte telomere length (LTL) in men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Early-morning serum T, DHT, and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry, and SRD5A2 and CYP19A1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and LTL analyzed by PCR in 980 men from the Western Australian Busselton Health Survey who participated in the study. LTL was expressed as the T/S ratio. RESULTS Men were aged (mean ± SD) 53.7 ± 15.6 years. LTL decreased linearly with age, from the T/S ratio of 1.89 ± 0.41 at younger than 30 years to 1.50 ± 0.49 at 70 to younger than 80 years (r = -0.225, P < .0001). After adjustment for age, DHT and E2 were positively correlated with LTL (DHT, r = 0.069, P = .030; E2, r = 0.068, P = .034). The SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism was associated with serum DHT but not with LTL. Three dominant alleles of CYP19A1 were each associated with lower serum E2 and shorter LTL: rs2899470 T (E2, 59.3 vs 68.6 pmol/L, P < .0001; T/S ratio, 1.54 vs 1.62, P = .045), rs10046 C (60.5 vs 68.1 pmol/L, P = .0005, 1.54 vs 1.62, P = .035), and rs700518 A (59.9 vs 68.9 pmol/L, P < .0001, 1.54 vs 1.63, P = .020). A single-copy haplotype C/T/I/A/T rs10046/rs2899470/rs11575899/rs700518/rs17703883 (52% prevalence) was associated with both lower E2 and shorter LTL. CONCLUSIONS In men, serum DHT and E2 correlate with LTL independently of age. Aromatase gene polymorphisms include three dominant alleles that are associated with both lower serum E2 and shorter LTL. E2 influences telomere length in vivo, thus warranting further studies to examine whether hormonal interventions might slow biological aging in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark L Divitini
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gillian M Arscott
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brendan McQuillan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Miranda-Furtado CL, Ramos FKP, Kogure GS, Santana-Lemos BA, Ferriani RA, Calado RT, Dos Reis RM. A Nonrandomized Trial of Progressive Resistance Training Intervention in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Implications in Telomere Content. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:644-54. [PMID: 26586671 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115611753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is known to relieve the metabolic complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and exercise is also associated with telomere biology. We investigated the changes induced by progressive resistance training (PRT) in telomere content and metabolic disorder in women with PCOS and controls. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Forty-five women with PCOS and 52 healthy women aged 18 to 37 years were submitted to PRT. A linear periodization of PRT was prepared based on a trend of decreasing volume and intensity throughout the training period. The volunteers performed PRT 3 times a week for 4 months. The participants' physical characteristics and hormonal concentrations were measured before and after PRT, as telomere content that was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Briefly, Progressive resistance training reduced waist circumference, body fat percentage, plasma testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations, glycemia, and free androgen index. Fasting insulin and insulin resistance index were greater in women with PCOS. Androstenedione and homocysteine increased after PRT. There were no differences in telomere content between controls (0.96 ± 0.3 before vs 0.85 ± 0.21 after) and women with PCOS (0.94 ± 0.33 before vs 0.88 ± 0.39 after). Adjusted analysis showed telomere shortening after PRT in all women (0.95 ± 0.31 before vs 0.86 ± 0.31 after; P = .03). In women with PCOS, increased homocysteine levels were related to telomere reduction and increased androstenedione was positively correlated with telomere content after PRT. CONCLUSIONS Progressive resistance training had positive effects on the hormonal and physical characteristics of women with PCOS and controls, but telomere content was reduced and homocysteine level increased in all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiene K Picchi Ramos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Barbara A Santana-Lemos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tocantins Calado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rosana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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29
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Maleki J, Nourbakhsh M, Shabani M, Korani M, Nourazarian SM, Ostadali Dahaghi MR, Moghadasi MH. 17β-Estradiol Stimulates Generation of Reactive Species Oxygen and Nitric Oxide in Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Cells (OVCAR 3). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e2332. [PMID: 26413252 PMCID: PMC4581366 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a role for steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Among steroid hormones, 17β-estradiol (E2) has the most potent effect on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated the effect of E2 on production of ROS and NO in ovarian cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (OVCAR-3) was cultured and treated with various concentrations of E2, antioxidants (N-acetyle cysteine and Ebselen) and ICI182780 as an estrogen receptor antagonist. MTT test was performed to evaluate cell viability. NO and ROS levels were measured by Griess and DCFH-DA methods, respectively. RESULTS ROS levels as well as NO levels were increased in OVCAR-3 cells treated with E2. The increase in ROS production was in parallel with increased cell viability which indicates that estrogen-induced ROS can participate in cancer progression. ICI182780 abolished E2-induced ROS production. Progesterone was also effective in reducing ROS and NO generation. CONCLUSIONS NO and ROS are important molecules in signaling networks in cell. These molecules can be used as therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of ovary cancer and other estrogen-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Korani
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Ostadali Dahaghi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Pedroso DCC, Miranda-Furtado CL, Kogure GS, Meola J, Okuka M, Silva C, Calado RT, Ferriani RA, Keefe DL, dos Reis RM. Inflammatory biomarkers and telomere length in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:542-7.e2. [PMID: 25467041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whether leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is impaired in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 274 women, including 150 patients with PCOS and 124 controls. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systemic arterial pressure, lipid profile, E(2), LH, T, androstenedione, PRL, TSH, sex hormone-binding globulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, free androgen index, and the homeostatic model of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) index were analyzed. The LTL evaluation was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULT(S) The PCOS group had higher values for weight, BMI, waist circumference, systolic arterial pressure, triglycerides, LH, T, insulin, CRP, free androgen index, and HOMA-IR compared with the control group. Sex hormone-binding globulin and E(2) levels were lower in the PCOS group than in the control group. The LTL did not differ between groups. Age, BMI, and HOMA-IR had no significant effect on LTL. The inflammatory biomarkers CRP and homocysteine were negatively correlated with LTL in patients with PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Our results showed no differences in LTL between patients with PCOS and controls, but CRP and homocysteine biomarkers negatively correlated with LTL in the PCOS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Cristina Chielli Pedroso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maja Okuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Celso Silva
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David L Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Ruggero D, Shimamura A. Marrow failure: a window into ribosome biology. Blood 2014; 124:2784-92. [PMID: 25237201 PMCID: PMC4215310 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-526301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and dyskeratosis congenita are inherited syndromes characterized by marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. Genetic and molecular studies have uncovered distinct abnormalities in ribosome biogenesis underlying each of these 3 disorders. How defects in ribosomes, the essential organelles required for protein biosynthesis in all cells, cause tissue-specific abnormalities in human disease remains a question of fundamental scientific and medical importance. Here we review the overlapping and distinct clinical features of these 3 syndromes and discuss current knowledge regarding the ribosomal pathways disrupted in each of these disorders. We also explore the increasing complexity of ribosome biology and how this informs our understanding of developmental biology and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Wu J, Wang D, Ruan D, He Q, Zhang Y, Wang C, Xin H, Xu C, Liu Y. Prolonged expansion of human nucleus pulposus cells expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase mediated by lentiviral vector. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:159-66. [PMID: 23983186 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human degenerative disc disease (DDD) is characterized by progressive loss of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells and extracellular matrix, in which the massive deposition are secreted by HNP cells. Cell therapy to supplement HNP cells to degenerated discs has been thought to be a promising strategy to treat DDD. However, obtaining a large quality of fully functional HNP cells has been severely hampered by limited proliferation capacity of HNP cells in vitro. Previous studies have used lipofectamine or recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors to deliver human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) into ovine or HNP cells to prolong the activity of nucleus pulposus cells with limited success. Here we developed a lentiviral vector bearing both hTERT and a gene encoding green fluorescence protein (L-hTERT/EGFP). This vector efficiently mediated both hTERT and EGFP into freshly isolated HNP cells. The expressions of both transgenes in L-hTERT/EGFP transduced HNP cells were detected up to day 210 post viral infection, which was twice as long as rAAV vector did. Furthermore, we observed restored telomerase activity, maintained telomere length, delayed cell senescence, and increased cell proliferation rate in those L-hTERT/EGFP transduced HNP cells. Our study suggests that lentiviral vector might be a useful gene delivery vehicle for HNP cell therapy to treat DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, No.6 Fu-cheng Road, Beijing, 100048, PR China
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Papadatos-Pastos D, Dedes KJ, de Bono JS, Kaye SB. Revisiting the role of antiandrogen strategies in ovarian cancer. Oncologist 2011; 16:1413-21. [PMID: 21948654 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptors are frequently expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Their role in the development of EOC is not fully understood. In the present review we first discuss the epidemiological data linking a hyperandrogen state to a higher risk for ovarian cancer, second describe in vitro studies of the role of androgens in influencing the growth of EOC, and finally review the completed clinical trials with compounds that exploit the androgen axis in patients with ovarian cancer. The therapeutic approaches that inhibit androgen signaling have so far produced only modest response rates. In the light of new data regarding the role of androgen stimulation in the evolution of EOC and the emergence of new compounds used for the treatment of other hormone-driven malignancies, such as prostate and breast cancer, we provide suggestions for new studies of antiandrogen therapeutics in the treatment of EOC. A specific example is the new agent abiraterone. In addition, we propose a panel of molecules that could be assessed as potential biomarkers that may aid patient selection for this approach in the future.
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