1
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Li H, Liang L, Li J. Transcriptomic Profiling in Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer Induced by Microwave Ablation. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:6674506. [PMID: 38779358 PMCID: PMC11111303 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6674506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) serve as the immune system's primary transportation hub outside of the affected ablated tissue. This study aims to explore the transcriptomic profiling of the immune response in PBMCs induced by microwave ablation (MWA) in low-risk thyroid cancer. Methods For eight patients diagnosed with low-risk thyroid cancer, 10 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected before MWA as well as one day and one month after MWA. mRNA was extracted from PBMCs for transcriptome next-generation gene sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses. The plasma samples were used for chemokine detection purposes. Results One day and one month after MWA, there were significant changes in GSEA, particularly in the NF-kappa B-TNFα pathway, inflammatory response, and early and late estrogen response. Common changes in differently expressed genes resulted in a significant downregulation of tumor-promoting genes (BCL3, NR6A1, and PFKFB3). One day after low-risk thyroid cancer MWA, GO enrichment analysis mainly revealed processes related to oxygen transport and other pathways. One month after MWA, GO enrichment analysis mainly revealed regulation of toll-like receptor signaling and other pathways. Furthermore, inflammation-related cytokines and regulatory genes, as well as tumor-promoting cytokines and regulatory genes, were downregulated after MWA. Conclusions This study presents a comprehensive profile of the systemic immune response induced by thermal ablation for treating low-risk thyroid cancer. More significantly, this study provides valuable insight into potential references for systemic antitumor immunity of ablation against low-risk thyroid cancer. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900024544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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SUMO E3 ligase CBX4 regulates hTERT-mediated transcription of CDH1 and promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Biochem J 2021; 477:3803-3818. [PMID: 32926159 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
hTERT, the catalytic component of the human telomerase enzyme, is regulated by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation and ubiquitination by multiple proteins which remarkably affects the overall activity of the enzyme. Here we report that hTERT gets SUMOylated by SUMO1 and polycomb protein CBX4 acts as the SUMO E3 ligase of hTERT. hTERT SUMOylation positively regulates its telomerase activity which can be inhibited by SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation. Interestingly, we have established a new role of hTERT SUMOylation in the repression of E-cadherin gene expression and consequent triggering on the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) program in breast cancer cells. We also observed that catalytically active CBX4, leads to retention of hTERT/ZEB1 complex onto E-cadherin promoter leading to its repression through hTERT-SUMOylation. Further through wound healing and invasion assays in breast cancer cells, we showed the tumor promoting ability of hTERT was significantly compromised upon overexpression of SUMO-defective mutant of hTERT. Thus our findings establish a new post-translational modification of hTERT which on one hand is involved in telomerase activity maintenance and on the other hand plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression thereby promoting migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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3
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Yuan X, Dai M, Xu D. Telomere-related Markers for Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:410-432. [PMID: 31903880 PMCID: PMC7475940 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200106145340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are structurally nucleoprotein complexes at termini of linear chromosomes and essential to chromosome stability/integrity. In normal human cells, telomere length erodes progressively with each round of cell divisions, which serves as an important barrier to uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. In sharp contrast, telomere maintenance is a key feature of human malignant cells and required for their infinite proliferation and maintenance of other cancer hallmarks as well. Thus, a telomere-based anti-cancer strategy has long been suggested. However, clinically efficient and specific drugs targeting cancer telomere-maintenance have still been in their infancy thus far. To achieve this goal, it is highly necessary to elucidate how exactly cancer cells maintain functional telomeres. In the last two decades, numerous studies have provided profound mechanistic insights, and the identified mechanisms include the aberrant activation of telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomere pathway responsible for telomere elongation, dysregulation and mutation of telomere-associated factors, and other telomere homeostasis-related signaling nodes. In the present review, these various strategies employed by malignant cells to regulate their telomere length, structure and function have been summarized, and potential implications of these findings in the rational development of telomere-based cancer therapy and other clinical applications for precision oncology have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingkai Dai
- Central Research Laboratory, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, 250033, China.,Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, 250033, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) and Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Solna 171 64, Sweden
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4
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Holub A, Mousa S, Abdolahi A, Godugu K, Tu XM, Brenna JT, Block RC. The effects of aspirin and N-3 fatty acids on telomerase activity in adults with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1795-1799. [PMID: 32723580 PMCID: PMC7494550 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is associated with aging and shortened telomere length. Telomerase replaces lost telomeric repeats at the ends of chromosomes and is necessary for the replicative immortality of cells. Aspirin and the n3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are commonly used therapies in people with type 2 diabetes for reducing cardiovascular disease events, though their relation to telomerase activity is not well studied. We explored the effects of aspirin, EPA + DHA, and the combined effects of aspirin and EPA + DHA treatment on telomerase activity in 30 adults with diabetes mellitus. EPA and DHA ingestion alone increased telomerase activity then a decrease occurred with the addition of aspirin consumption. Crude (F-stat = 2.09, p = 0.13) and adjusted (F-stat = 2.20, p = 0.14) analyses of this decrease showed signs of a trend. These results suggest that aspirin has an adverse effect on aging in diabetics who have relatively high EPA and DHA ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Holub
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shaker Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Monitoring Analytics and Therapeutic Care, Clinical Science Innovations, Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Pediatrics and Chemistry at the Dell Medical School of the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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5
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Rayev MB, Zamorina SA, Litvinova LS, Yurova KA, Khaziakhmatova OG, Timganova VP, Bochkova MS, Kropaneva MD, Khramtsov PV. [The influence of chorionic gonadotropin on phenotype conversion and hTERT gene expression by T-lymphocytes of different degrees of differentiation]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 63:539-545. [PMID: 29251616 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the expression of the hTERT gene in combination with the conversion of the phenotype of naive T-cells and T-cells of immune memory in vitro were studied. hCG inhibited expression of hTERT mRNA in naive T-cells (CD45RA+) and immune memory T cells (CD45RO+), causing a decrease in the replicative potential of the cells. The presence of hCG in the culture led to the conversion of the phenotype of T-lymphocytes. hCG reduced the number of proliferating T-cells of immune memory, estimated by phenotypic signs by differential gating. hCG (10 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml) inhibited expression of CD25 by the studied populations, but did not modulate expression of the CD71 proliferation marker. Thus, hCG inhibited the functional activity of naive T-cells and T-cells of immune memory, which, in the context of pregnancy, can contribute to the formation of immune tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | - S A Zamorina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | | | - K A Yurova
- Kant Baltic federal university, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | | | - V P Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia
| | - M S Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia
| | - M D Kropaneva
- Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
| | - P V Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
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6
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de Punder K, Heim C, Przesdzing I, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. Characterization in humans of in vitro leucocyte maximal telomerase activity capacity and association with stress. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2016.0441. [PMID: 29335365 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a measure of maximal telomerase activity capacity (mTAC) for use in human studies of telomere biology, and to determine its association with measures of stress and stress responsivity. The study was conducted in a population of 28 healthy young women and men who were assessed serially across two separate days, at multiple time points, and in response to a standardized laboratory stressor. Venous blood was collected at each of these multiple assessments, and an in vitro mitogen challenge (phytohaemagglutinin supplemented with interleukin-2) was used to stimulate telomerase activity in leucocytes. After first establishing the optimal post-stimulation time course to characterize mTAC, we determined the within-subject stability and the between-subject variability of mTAC. The major findings of our study are as follows: (i) the optimal time point to quantify human leucocyte mTAC appears to be at 72 h after mitogen stimulation; (ii) mTAC exhibits substantial within-subject stability (correlations were in the range of r 0.68-0.82) and between-subject variability, with a high intra-class coefficient (0.70), indicating greater between-subject relative to within-subject variability; (iii) mTAC is not influenced by situational factors including time of day, cortisol, acute stress exposure and immune cell distribution in the pre-stimulation blood sample; and (iv) a significant proportion of the between-subject variability in mTAC is associated with measures of stress and stress responsivity (mTAC is lower in subjects reporting higher levels of perceived (chronic) stress and exhibiting higher psychophysiological stress reactivity). Based collectively on these findings, it appears that mTAC, as proposed and operationalized, empirically meets the key criteria to represent a potentially useful individual difference measure of telomerase activity capacity of human leucocytes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Punder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Ingo Przesdzing
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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7
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Low-dose levels of bisphenol A inhibit telomerase via ER/GPR30-ERK signalling, impair DNA integrity and reduce cell proliferation in primary PBMC. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16631. [PMID: 29192164 PMCID: PMC5709422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy exists about the human health risk of environmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). Telomerase activity is emerging both as biomarker and contributing factor for age-related diseases. The effects of BPA exposure at 1–1000 nM on telomerase, DNA integrity and cell proliferation were investigated in PBMC from human donors. Telomerase activity was determined by TRAP-ELISA assay and mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. Mechanistic studies were carried out on the ER/GPR30-ERK pathway using specific inhibitors/antagonists, the comet assay to quantify DNA damage and flow cytometry for cell proliferation. 24 h BPA exposure inhibited telomerase in a non-monotonic pattern with a peak inhibition of 32% at 1 nM (p ≤ 0.01). A significant telomerase inhibition was evident at 1 h after exposure with a minimum at 6 h. Elevated levels of DNA damage frequency and decrease in cell proliferation were evident upon long-term exposure. The results further demonstrate that BPA triggered rapidly an ER/GPR30-ERK transduction pathway that leads to decreased telomerase activity in human PBMC. This is the first study to demonstrate adverse impact of BPA at levels of current human exposure on telomerase in normal cells, mediated by ER/GPR30-ERK. The results suggest a potentially harmful influence of BPA on immune cells and should be addressed in future studies.
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8
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Hapangama DK, Kamal A, Saretzki G. Implications of telomeres and telomerase in endometrial pathology. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:166-187. [PMID: 27979878 PMCID: PMC5850744 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic chromosomal ends are linear and are protected by nucleoprotein complexes known as telomeres. The complex structural anatomy and the diverse functions of telomeres as well as the unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, telomerase that maintains telomeres are under intensive scientific scrutiny. Both are involved in many human diseases including cancer, but also in ageing and chronic disease such as diabetes. Their intricate involvement in many cellular processes and pathways is being dynamically deciphered in many organs including the endometrium. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the topic of telomeres and telomerase and their potential role in providing plausible explanations for endometrial aberrations related to common gynaecological pathologies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review outlines the recent major findings in telomere and telomerase functions in the context of endometrial biology. It highlights the contemporary discoveries in hormonal regulation, normal endometrial regeneration, stem cells and common gynaecological diseases such as endometriosis, infertility, recurrent reproductive failure and endometrial cancer (EC). SEARCH METHODS The authors carried out systematic PubMed (Medline) and Ovid searches using the key words: telomerase, telomeres, telomere length, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomeric RNA component, with endometrium, hormonal regulation, endometrial stem/progenitor cells, endometrial regeneration, endometriosis, recurrent miscarriage, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, EC and uterine cancer. Publications used in this review date from 1995 until 31st June 2016. OUTCOMES The human endometrium is a unique somatic organ, which displays dynamic telomerase activity (TA) related to the menstrual cycle. Telomerase is implicated in almost all endometrial pathologies and appears to be crucial to endometrial stem cells. In particular, it is vital for normal endometrial regeneration, providing a distinct route to formulate possible curative, non-hormonal therapies to treat chronic endometrial conditions. Furthermore, our current understanding of telomere maintenance in EC is incomplete. Data derived from other malignancies on the role of telomerase in carcinogenesis cannot be extrapolated to EC because unlike in other cancers, TA is already present in proliferating healthy endometrial cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Since telomerase is pivotal to endometrial regeneration, further studies elucidating the role of telomeres, telomerase, their associated proteins and their regulation in normal endometrial regeneration as well as their role in endometrial pathologies are essential. This approach may allow future development of novel treatment strategies that are not only non-hormonal but also potentially curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.,Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - A Kamal
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.,The National Center for Early Detection of Cancer, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - G Saretzki
- Institute for Ageing and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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9
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Cluckey TG, Nieto NC, Rodoni BM, Traustadóttir T. Preliminary evidence that age and sex affect exercise-induced hTERT expression. Exp Gerontol 2017; 96:7-11. [PMID: 28587932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to repair cellular damage is reduced with aging, resulting in cellular senescence. Telomeres shorten as cells divide but the rate of telomere attrition is modulated by telomerase, an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the chromosome. Shelterin is a protein complex that acts as a negative regulator of telomerase. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in telomerase and shelterin responses to acute exercise. We hypothesized that acute exercise would stimulate an increased activity of telomerase (measured by telomerase reverse transcriptase, hTERT) without an increase in activity of shelterin (measured by telomeric repeat binding factor 2, TRF2) in both young and older individuals and that hTERT response would be attenuated in older individuals. Young (22±2y, n=11) and older (60±2y, n=8) men and women performed 30min of cycling. Blood was collected pre-exercise and 30, 60, and 90-min post-exercise. The trial induced a significant hTERT response in the cohort as a whole (p<0.05) with greater increases in the young as compared to the older group (time-by-group interaction p<0.05). As expected, TRF2 did not change in response to the trial, however older individuals had a higher TRF2 response at 60min (p<0.05). There was an unexpected sex difference, regardless of age, where men had significantly greater hTERT and TRF2 responses to the acute exercise as compared to women (p<0.05). These data support the hypothesis that aging is associated with attenuated telomerase activation in response to high-intensity exercise; however, this was only evident in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis G Cluckey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Nathan C Nieto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Bridger M Rodoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
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10
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Ziegler S, Schettgen T, Beier F, Wilop S, Quinete N, Esser A, Masouleh BK, Ferreira MSV, Vankann L, Uciechowski P, Rink L, Kraus T, Brümmendorf TH, Ziegler P. Accelerated telomere shortening in peripheral blood lymphocytes after occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:289-300. [PMID: 27146145 PMCID: PMC5225163 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organochlorine pollutants with a worldwide dissemination. We examined telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood cells of 207 individuals with a high body burden of PCBs due to occupational exposure in a transformer recycling company. Whereas TL in granulocytes was not affected, the age-adjusted TL in lymphocytes (∆TLLymph) of exposed individuals was significantly shorter than expected [-0.77 kb; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.9316; -0.6052; p = 0.0001]. PCB exposure did not affect lymphocyte numbers or T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels in T cells, suggesting that PCBs cause loss of telomeric DNA in T cells due to their metabolic activation and antigen-stimulated proliferation. In support of this hypothesis, blood plasma levels of PCB-exposed individuals inhibited expression of telomerase, the telomere elongating enzyme in vitro in antigen-specific T cell proliferation assays. 3-OH-CB28, a downstream metabolite of the lower chlorinated PCB-28 in PCB-exposed individuals (mean blood plasma concentration: 0.185 ± 0.68 ng/mL), inhibited telomerase gene expression within 48 h of incubation in lymphoproliferative assays starting at a concentration of 0.27-6.75 µg/mL and accelerated telomere shortening in long-term cell culture experiments. Accelerated telomere shortening due to PCB exposure may lead to limitations of cell renewal and clonal expansion of lymphocyte populations. As PCB-related immune dysfunctions have been linked to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased risk of cancer, our data provide a possible explanation, for how PCBs could promote infections and cancer through limiting immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica S V Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucia Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Liu H, Wang H, Li C, Zhang T, Meng X, Zhang Y, Qian H. Spheres from cervical cancer cells display stemness and cancer drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2184-2188. [PMID: 27602161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors and is the cause of a serious health problem worldwide. An increasing amount of evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are present in tumors, and that these CSCs may be responsible for tumor metastasis and relapse. The present study aimed to identify and characterize a CSC population from the CaSki cell line. First, a stem cell culture medium was used to selectively expand the cancer stem-like cell spheres, and the putative stemness markers, Oct4 and Sox2, were identified. These markers were all highly expressed in the CaSki sphere-forming cells. Next, target region amplified polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction was performed and the CaSki sphere-forming cells were found to exhibit higher telomerase activity than the CaSki control cells cultured in non-stem cell medium. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, it was found that the CaSki sphere-forming cells were more resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs than the control CaSki cells. Using the tumor invasive assay, it was shown that the CaSki sphere-forming cells were more invasive than the control CaSki cells. These characteristics all suggested that the tumor sphere-forming cells mirrored the acknowledged CSC phenotypes. Overall, the use of a suspended sphere culture of CaSki cells may be an easy and feasible approach for enriching cancer stem-like cells in cervical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xiting Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, P.R. China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Giraddi RR, Shehata M, Gallardo M, Blasco MA, Simons BD, Stingl J. Stem and progenitor cell division kinetics during postnatal mouse mammary gland development. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8487. [PMID: 26511661 PMCID: PMC4632194 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling properties of mammary stem and progenitor cells is not well understood. To determine the division properties of these cells, we administered synthetic nucleosides for varying periods of time to mice at different stages of postnatal development and monitored the rate of uptake of these nucleosides in the different mammary cell compartments. Here we show that most cell division in the adult virgin gland is restricted to the oestrogen receptor-expressing luminal cell lineage. Our data also demonstrate that the oestrogen receptor-expressing, milk and basal cell subpopulations have telomere lengths and cell division kinetics that are not compatible with these cells being hierarchically organized; instead, our data indicate that in the adult homeostatic gland, each cell type is largely maintained by its own restricted progenitors. We also observe that transplantable stem cells are largely quiescent during oestrus, but are cycling during dioestrus when progesterone levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajshekhar R. Giraddi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mona Shehata
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road CB2 1QR, UK
| | - John Stingl
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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Kalpouzos G, Rizzuto D, Keller L, Fastbom J, Santoni G, Angleman S, Graff C, Bäckman L, Fratiglioni L. Telomerase Gene (hTERT) and Survival: Results From Two Swedish Cohorts of Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 71:188-95. [PMID: 25452402 PMCID: PMC4707686 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length has been associated with longevity. As telomere length is partly determined by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), we investigated the association between an hTERT polymorphism located in its promoter region (−1327T/C) and longevity in two cohorts of older adults. Participants from the Kungsholmen project (KP; n = 1,205) and the Swedish National study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K; n = 2,764) were followed for an average period of 7.5 years. The main outcomes were hazard ratios (HR) of mortality and median age at death. In both cohorts, mortality was lower in female T/T carriers, aged 75+ years in KP (HR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9) and 78+ years in SNAC-K (HR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.8) compared with female C/C carriers. T/T carriers died 1.8–3 years later than the C/C carriers. This effect was not present in men, neither in SNAC-K women aged 60–72 years. The association was not modified by presence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, number of chronic diseases, or markers of inflammation, and did not interact with APOE genotype or estrogen replacement therapy. The gender-specific increased survival in T/T carriers can be due to a synergistic effect between genetic background and the life-long exposure to endogenous estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Division of Neurogeriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Fastbom
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giola Santoni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Angleman
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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