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Grady R, Traustadóttir T, Lagalante AF, Eggler AL. Bioavailable Sulforaphane Quantitation in Plasma by LC-MS/MS Is Enhanced by Blocking Thiols. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12875-12882. [PMID: 37584212 PMCID: PMC10472501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying sulforaphane (SFN) and its thiol metabolites in biological samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is complicated by SFN's electrophilic nature and the facile dissociation of SFN-thiol conjugates. SFN can be lost during sample preparation due to conjugation with protein thiols, which are precipitated and discarded. We observe that only 32 ± 3% of SFN is recovered 2 h after spiking into fetal bovine serum. The SFN-glutathione conjugate prepared at 10 mM in 0.1% formic acid in water (pH 3) dissociated by approximately 95% to free SFN, highlighting the difficulty in preparing thiol metabolite standards. We used the alkylating agent iodoacetamide (IAA) to both release SFN from protein thiols and force the dissociation of SFN metabolites. This thiol-blocking method increased SFN percent recovery from serum from 32 to 94 ± 5%, with a 4.7 nM method limit of quantitation. Applying the method to clinical samples, SFN concentrations were on average 6 times greater than when IAA was omitted. The IAA thiol-blocking method streamlines the analysis of bioavailable SFN in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
S. Grady
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona
University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001-5766, United States
| | - Anthony F. Lagalante
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Aimee L. Eggler
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
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Berry SR, Dresler SR, Propper CR, Kellar RS, Traustadóttir T. Sex Differences in Antioxidant Gene Expression in response to Chronic Arsenic Exposure. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ostrom EL, Valencia AP, Marcinek DJ, Traustadóttir T. High intensity muscle stimulation activates a systemic Nrf2-mediated redox stress response. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:82-89. [PMID: 34089788 PMCID: PMC8355059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High intensity exercise is a popular mode of exercise to elicit similar or greater adaptive responses compared to traditional moderate intensity continuous exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptive responses are still unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare high and low intensity contractile stimulus on the Nrf2-mediated redox stress response in mouse skeletal muscle. An intra-animal design was used to control for variations in individual responses to muscle stimulation by comparing a stimulated limb (STIM) to the contralateral unstimulated control limb (CON). High Intensity (HI - 100Hz), Low Intensity (LI - 50Hz), and Naïve Control (NC - Mock stimulation vs CON) groups were used to compare these effects on Nrf2-ARE binding, Keap1 protein, and downstream gene and protein expression of Nrf2 target genes. Muscle stimulation significantly increased Nrf2-ARE binding in LI-STIM compared to LI-CON (p = 0.0098), while Nrf2-ARE binding was elevated in both HI-CON and HI-STIM compared to NC (p = 0.0007). The Nrf2-ARE results were mirrored in the downregulation of Keap1, where Keap1 expression in HI-CON and HI-STIM were both significantly lower than NC (p = 0.008) and decreased in LI-STIM compared to LI-CON (p = 0.015). In addition, stimulation increased NQO1 protein compared to contralateral control regardless of stimulation intensity (p = 0.019), and HO1 protein was significantly higher in high intensity compared to the Naïve control group (p = 0.002). Taken together, these data suggest a systemic redox signaling exerkine is activating Nrf2-ARE binding and is intensity gated, where Nrf2-ARE activation in contralateral control limbs were only seen in the HI group. Other research in exercise induced Nrf2 signaling support the general finding that Nrf2 is activated in peripheral tissues in response to exercise, however the specific exerkine responsible for the systemic signaling effects is not known. Future work should aim to delineate these redox sensitive systemic signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Ostrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, United States
| | - Ana P Valencia
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, United States.
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Gagliano-Jucá T, Li Z, Pencina KM, Traustadóttir T, Travison TG, Woodhouse L, Basaria S, Tsitouras PD, Harman SM, Bhasin S, Storer TW. The Stair Climb Power Test as an Efficacy Outcome in Randomized Trials of Function Promoting Therapies in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1167-1175. [PMID: 31282538 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardization of performance-based physical function measures that are reliable and responsive to intervention is necessary for efficacy trials of function promoting anabolic therapies (FPTs). Herein, we describe a standardized method of measuring stair climbing power (SCP) and evaluate its ability to assess improvements in physical function in response to an FPT (testosterone) compared to gait speed. METHODS We used a 12-step SCP test with and without carrying a load (loaded, LSCP or unloaded, USCP) in two testosterone trials in older men. SCP was determined from mass, total step-rise, and time of ascent measured with an electronic timing system. Associations between SCP and leg press performance (strength and power), testosterone levels, and gait speed were assessed. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using interclass correlation and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Baseline SCP was negatively associated with age and positively with leg strength and power and gait speed. Both tests of SCP were safe and showed excellent reliability (intra-class correlation 0.91-0.97 in both cohorts). Changes in testosterone concentrations were associated with changes in USCP and LSCP, but not gait speed in mobility-limited men. Changes in leg press performance were associated with SCP in both trials. CONCLUSIONS Both USCP and LSCP are safe and have high test-retest reliability. Compared to gait speed, SCP is associated more robustly with leg press performance and is sensitive to testosterone therapy. The LSCP might be a more responsive outcome than gait speed to evaluate the efficacy of FPT in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gagliano-Jucá
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, Massachusetts
| | - Linda Woodhouse
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Research Program in Men's Health, Aging, and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ostrom EL, Traustadóttir T. Aerobic exercise training partially reverses the impairment of Nrf2 activation in older humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:418-432. [PMID: 32866619 PMCID: PMC7704731 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is an inducible transcription factor that improves redox balance through stimulating antioxidant gene expression. In older humans the Nrf2 response to a single bout of acute exercise is blunted compared to young indicating impaired redox signaling. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate if the signaling impairment could be reversed with exercise training in older men and women, while also comparing to young. Young (18-28y, n = 21) and older (≥60y, n = 19) men and women were randomized to 8-week aerobic exercise training (ET; 3 d/wk, 45 min/d) or a non-exercise control group (CON). Nrf2 nuclear localization, gene expression for NQO1, HO1, and GCLC, and GCLC protein were measured in PBMCs in response to acute exercise trial (AET; 30-min cycling at 70% VO2 peak pre- and post-intervention at 7 timepoints (Pre, +10 m, +30 m, +1 h, +4 h, +8 h, +24 h). Young had greater Nrf2 signaling response compared to older at pre-intervention (p = 0.05), whereas the older had significantly higher basal Nrf2 levels (p = 0.004). ET decreased basal Nrf2 expression compared to CON (p = 0.032) and improved the Nrf2 signaling response in both young and older (p < 0.05). The degree of restoration in Nrf2 signaling response was related to the degree of change in basal Nrf2 (p = 0.039), which was driven by older adults (p = 0.014). Lower basal nuclear Nrf2 levels were associated with changes seen in AET responses for Nrf2 and GCLC protein, as well as NQO1 and GCLC mRNA. Together these data demonstrate that exercise training improves Nrf2 signaling and downstream gene expression and that lower basal Nrf2 levels are associated with a more dynamic acute response. Our results provide evidence that the impaired Nrf2 signaling in sedentary older adults can be restored to a degree with moderate exercise training, albeit not to the level seen in young. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV ID: NCT03419988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Ostrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
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Terry C, Ostrom E, Dunbar N, Traustadóttir T. The Role Of Exercise Intensity In Cell Signaling: Is There A Repeated-bout Effect? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000680404.25476.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Ostrom EL, Berry S, Terry C, Jones N, Beskind H, Traustadóttir T. Exercise Training Restores Age-impaired Nrf2 Signaling And Redox Capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000682404.13536.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Traustadóttir T, Harman SM, Tsitouras P, Pencina KM, Li Z, Travison TG, Eder R, Miciek R, McKinnon J, Woodbury E, Basaria S, Bhasin S, Storer TW. Long-Term Testosterone Supplementation in Older Men Attenuates Age-Related Decline in Aerobic Capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2861-2869. [PMID: 29846604 PMCID: PMC6669813 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Testosterone increases skeletal muscle mass and strength, but long-term effects of testosterone supplementation on aerobic capacity, or peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), in healthy older men with low testosterone have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of testosterone supplementation on V̇O2peak during incremental cycle ergometry. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial (Testosterone's Effects on Atherosclerosis Progression in Aging Men). SETTING Exercise physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Healthy men aged ≥ 60 years with total testosterone levels of 100 to 400 ng/dL (3.5 to 13.9 nmol/L) or free testosterone levels < 50 pg/mL (174 pmol/L). INTERVENTIONS Randomization to 1% transdermal testosterone gel adjusted to achieve serum levels of 500 to 950 ng/dL or placebo applied daily for 3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in V̇O2peak. RESULTS Mean (±SD) baseline V̇O2peak was 24.2 ± 5.2 and 23.6 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min for testosterone and placebo, respectively. V̇O2peak did not change in men treated with testosterone but fell significantly in men receiving placebo (average 3-year decrease, 0.88 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, -1.39 to 0.38 mL/kg/min; P = 0.035); the difference in change in V̇O2peak between groups was significant (average 3-year difference, 0.91 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.122 mL/kg/min; P = 0.008). The 1-g/dL mean increase in hemoglobin (P < 0.001) was significantly associated with changes in V̇O2peak in testosterone-treated men. CONCLUSION The mean 3-year change in V̇O2peak was significantly smaller in men treated with testosterone than in men receiving placebo and was associated with increases in hemoglobin. The difference in V̇O2peak change between groups may indicate attenuation of its expected age-related decline; the clinical meaningfulness of the modest treatment effect remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Traustadóttir
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Panayiotis Tsitouras
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- DWR Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Eder
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renee Miciek
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer McKinnon
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Woodbury
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Thomas W. Storer, PhD, Research Program in Men’s Health, Aging, and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transcription factor Nrf2 is the master regulator of antioxidant defence. Recent data indicate a single bout of moderate-intensity stationary cycling at a constant workload upregulates Nrf2 signalling in young, but not older men; however, the role of exercise intensity on Nrf2 activation has not been tested. We hypothesised that a high-intensity interval session would elicit a greater Nrf2 response than moderate aerobic exercise. METHODS Nrf2 signalling in response to two 30-min cycling protocols (high-intensity interval and constant workload) was compared in young men (25 ± 1y, n = 16). Participants completed exercise trials in random order with blood collected pre-, immediately post-, and 30-mins post exercise. Five participants completed a control trial without any physical activity. Nrf2 signalling was determined by measuring protein expression of Nrf2 in whole cell and nuclear fractions. Plasma 8-isoprostanes as well as peripheral mononuclear cell glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase activity were measured as markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS The exercise trials elicited significant increases in nuclear Nrf2 (p < .01), but increases in whole cell Nrf2 did not reach statistical significance. GR activity and plasma 8-isoprostanes increased significantly in response to exercise (p < .05), and GR response was higher in the high-intensity trial (p < .05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that acute aerobic exercise elicits activation of nuclear Nrf2, regardless of exercise intensity, but that higher-intensity exercise results in greater activity of GR. Future experiments should explore the effect of exercise mode and duration on Nrf2 signalling, and the role of intensity in compromised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Done
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , AZ , USA
| | - Michael J Newell
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , AZ , USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , AZ , USA
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10
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Cluckey TG, Nieto NC, Rodoni BM, Traustadóttir T. Preliminary evidence that age and sex affect exercise-induced hTERT expression. Exp Gerontol 2017; 96:7-11. [PMID: 28587932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to repair cellular damage is reduced with aging, resulting in cellular senescence. Telomeres shorten as cells divide but the rate of telomere attrition is modulated by telomerase, an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the chromosome. Shelterin is a protein complex that acts as a negative regulator of telomerase. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in telomerase and shelterin responses to acute exercise. We hypothesized that acute exercise would stimulate an increased activity of telomerase (measured by telomerase reverse transcriptase, hTERT) without an increase in activity of shelterin (measured by telomeric repeat binding factor 2, TRF2) in both young and older individuals and that hTERT response would be attenuated in older individuals. Young (22±2y, n=11) and older (60±2y, n=8) men and women performed 30min of cycling. Blood was collected pre-exercise and 30, 60, and 90-min post-exercise. The trial induced a significant hTERT response in the cohort as a whole (p<0.05) with greater increases in the young as compared to the older group (time-by-group interaction p<0.05). As expected, TRF2 did not change in response to the trial, however older individuals had a higher TRF2 response at 60min (p<0.05). There was an unexpected sex difference, regardless of age, where men had significantly greater hTERT and TRF2 responses to the acute exercise as compared to women (p<0.05). These data support the hypothesis that aging is associated with attenuated telomerase activation in response to high-intensity exercise; however, this was only evident in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis G Cluckey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Nathan C Nieto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Bridger M Rodoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
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11
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Done AJ, Traustadóttir T. Aerobic exercise increases resistance to oxidative stress in sedentary older middle-aged adults. A pilot study. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:505-512. [PMID: 27558118 PMCID: PMC5266216 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Older individuals who exercise regularly exhibit greater resistance to oxidative stress than their sedentary peers, suggesting that exercise can modify age-associated loss of resistance to oxidative stress. However, we recently demonstrated that a single bout of exercise confers protection against a subsequent oxidative challenge in young, but not older adults. We therefore hypothesized that repeated bouts of exercise would be needed to increase resistance to an oxidative challenge in sedentary older middle-aged adults. Sedentary older middle-aged men and women (50-63 years, n = 11) participated in an 8-week exercise intervention. Maximal oxygen consumption was measured before and after the intervention. The exercise intervention consisted of three sessions per week, for 45 min at an intensity corresponding to 70-85 % maximal heart rate (HRmax). Resistance to oxidative stress was measured by F2-isoprostane response to a forearm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) trial. Each participant underwent the I/R trial before and after the exercise intervention. The intervention elicited a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (P < 0.0001). Baseline levels of F2-isoprostanes pre- and post-intervention did not differ, but the F2-isoprostane response to the I/R trial was significantly lower following the exercise intervention (time-by-trial interaction, P = 0.043). Individual improvements in aerobic fitness were associated with greater improvements in the F2-isoprostane response (r = -0.761, P = 0.011), further supporting the role of aerobic fitness in resistance to oxidative stress. These data demonstrate that regular exercise with improved fitness leads to increased resistance to oxidative stress in older middle-aged adults and that this measure is modifiable in previously sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Done
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640, USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640, USA.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of antioxidant defense. Data from animal studies suggest exercise elicits significant increases in Nrf2 signaling, and that signaling is impaired with aging resulting in decreased induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes and greater susceptibility to oxidative damage. We have previously shown that older adults have lower resistance to an oxidative challenge as compared to young, and that this response is modified with physical fitness and phytonutrient intervention. We hypothesized that a single bout of submaximal exercise would elicit increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and that this response to exercise would be attenuated with aging. METHODS Nrf2 signaling in response to 30-min cycling at 70% VO2max was compared in young (23±1y, n=10) and older (63±1, n=10) men. Blood was collected at six time points; pre-exercise, and 10min, 30min, 1h, 4h, and 24h post-exercise. Nrf2 signaling was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by measuring protein expression by western blot of Nrf2 in whole cell and nuclear fractions, and whole cell SOD1, and HMOX, as well as gene expression (RT-PCR) of downstream Nrf2-ARE antioxidants SOD1, HMOX, and NQO1. RESULTS Baseline differences in protein expression did not differ between groups. The exercise trial elicited significant increase in whole cell Nrf2 (P=0.003) for both young and older groups. Nuclear Nrf2 levels were increased significantly in the young but not older group (P=0.031). Exercise elicited significant increases in gene expression of HMOX1 and NQO1 in the young (P=0.006, and P=0.055, respectively) whereas gene expression in the older adults was repressed. There were no significant differences in SOD1 or HMOX1 protein expression. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a single session of submaximal aerobic exercise is sufficient to activate Nrf2 at the whole cell level in both young and older adults, but that nuclear import is impaired with aging. Additionally we have shown repressed gene expression of downstream antioxidant targets of Nrf2 in older adults. Together these translational data demonstrate for the first time the attenuation of Nrf2 activity in response to exercise in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Done
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J Gage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, United States
| | - Nathan C Nieto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
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13
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Newell MJ, Done AJ, Cluckey TG, Traustadóttir T. Exercise Redox Signaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487016.38328.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Adams AEM, Garcia J, Traustadóttir T. A Quasi Experiment to Determine the Effectiveness of a "Partially Flipped" versus "Fully Flipped" Undergraduate Class in Genetics and Evolution. CBE Life Sci Educ 2016; 15:15/2/ar11. [PMID: 27174581 PMCID: PMC4909333 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.15-07-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two sections of Genetics and Evolution were taught by one instructor. One group (the fully flipped section) had the entire class period devoted to active learning (with background material that had to be watched before class), and the other group (the partially flipped section) had just a portion of class time spent on active learning (with the background material presented during class time). The same materials and assessments were used for both sections. Analysis of objective measures revealed that there was no significant difference between the learning outcomes of students in the two sections. There was no main effect of gender, major, or ethnicity on success in the whole cohort or in either section. There appeared to be a significant main effect of class standing, with freshmen performing significantly less well than sophomores, juniors, or seniors (who all performed equally well) in both sections (p < 0.01); however, this was a very preliminary observation, as there were very few freshmen in either section. The only predictor of success in the two sections was prior grade point average. An anonymous end-of-semester survey showed no significant difference between the two sections in interest in the subject matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E M Adams
- Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Jocelyn Garcia
- Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
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Wayment HA, Collier AF, Birkett M, Traustadóttir T, Till RE. Brief quiet ego contemplation reduces oxidative stress and mind-wandering. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1481. [PMID: 26483734 PMCID: PMC4588101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive self-concern increases perceptions of threat and defensiveness. In contrast, fostering a more inclusive and expanded sense of self can reduce stress and improve well-being. We developed and tested a novel brief intervention designed to strengthen a student's compassionate self-identity, an identity that values balance and growth by reminding them of four quiet ego characteristics: detached awareness, inclusive identity, perspective taking, and growth. Students (N = 32) in their first semester of college who reported greater self-protective (e.g., defensive) goals in the first 2 weeks of the semester were invited to participate in the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: quiet ego contemplation (QEC), QEC with virtual reality (VR) headset (QEC-VR), and control. Participants came to the lab three times to engage in a 15-min exercise in a 30-days period. The 15-min QEC briefly described each quiet ego characteristic followed by a few minutes time to reflect on what that characteristic meant to them. Those in the QEC condition reported improved quiet ego characteristics and pluralistic thinking, decreases in a urinary marker of oxidative stress, and reduced mind-wandering on a cognitive task. Contrary to expectation, participants who wore the VR headsets while listening to the QEC demonstrated the least improvement. Results suggest that a brief intervention that reduces self-focus and strengthens a more compassionate self-view may offer an additional resource that individuals can use in their everyday lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Wayment
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Ann F Collier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Melissa Birkett
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Robert E Till
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
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Pena A, Done AJ, Plummer JR, Traustadóttir T. Tart Cherry Juice Effects on Exercise-Induced Damage and Performance in Female Collegiate Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478216.16231.3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adams AEM, Randall S, Traustadóttir T. A tale of two sections: an experiment to compare the effectiveness of a hybrid versus a traditional lecture format in introductory microbiology. CBE Life Sci Educ 2015; 14:ar6. [PMID: 25713096 PMCID: PMC4353081 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.14-08-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two sections of an introductory microbiology course were taught by one instructor. One was taught through a hybrid format and the other through a traditional format. Students were randomly assigned to the two sections. Both sections were provided with identical lecture materials, in-class worksheets, in-class assessments, and extra credit opportunities; the main difference was in the way the lecture material was delivered-online for the hybrid section and in person for the traditional section. Analysis of final grades revealed that students in the traditional section did significantly better than those in the hybrid section (p<0.001). There was a significant main effect of class standing (p<0.01). When performance in the two sections was compared for each class year separately, the differences were only significant for sophomores (p<0.001); freshmen, juniors, and seniors did not perform differently in the hybrid versus the traditional section. An anonymous midterm survey suggested factors likely contributing to the overall lower success of students in the hybrid section: some students in the hybrid section did not take lecture notes and/or use the audio component of the online lectures, suggesting minimal interaction with the lecture material for these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E M Adams
- Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Shelby Randall
- Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
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Nordin TC, Done AJ, Traustadóttir T. Acute exercise increases resistance to oxidative stress in young but not older adults. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9727. [PMID: 25380675 PMCID: PMC4224668 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single bout of acute exercise increases oxidative stress and stimulates a transient increase in antioxidant enzymes. We asked whether this response would induce protection from a subsequent oxidative challenge, different from that of exercise, and whether the effects were affected by aging. We compared young (20 ± 1 years, n = 8) and older (58 ± 6 years, n = 9) healthy men and women. Resistance to oxidative stress was measured by the F2-isoprostane response to forearm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) trial. Each participant underwent the I/R trial twice, in random order; once after performing 45 min of cycling on the preceding day (IRX) and a control trial without any physical activity (IRC). Baseline F2-isoprostane levels were significantly lower at IRX compared to IRC (P < 0.05) and not different between groups. F2-isoprostane response to IRX was significantly lower compared to IRC in young (P < 0.05) but not different in the older group. Superoxide dismutase activity in response to acute exercise was significantly higher in young compared to older adults (P < 0.05). These data suggest that signal transduction of acute exercise may be impaired with aging. Repeated bouts of transient reactive oxygen species production as seen with regular exercise may be needed to increase resistance to oxidative stress in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C. Nordin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640 USA
| | - Aaron J. Done
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640 USA
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640 USA
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Traustadóttir T, Davies SS, Su Y, Choi L, Brown-Borg HM, Roberts LJ, Harman SM. Oxidative stress in older adults: effects of physical fitness. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34:969-82. [PMID: 21671197 PMCID: PMC3682074 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise results in transient change in redox balance. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative damage to macromolecules. However, moderate periodic increases in ROS, such as experienced with habitual exercise, may activate signal transduction pathways which stimulate increases in endogenous antioxidant systems. This study tested the hypothesis that physically fit older adults would have less oxidative stress than unfit age-matched controls, due to greater circulating concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants and greater capacity to upregulate antioxidant enzymes. We compared 37 fit (mean age 65.2 ± 5 years) and 35 unfit (mean age 67.7 ± 4 years) men and women. Fitness status was classified by VO(2 max) and maximal leg power. Basal levels of oxidative stress were assessed by measuring urinary markers of nucleic acid damage and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring total antioxidant power and ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione in plasma, at rest. The capacity to counteract an oxidative insult was assessed by measuring changes in plasma F(2)-isoprostanes in response to forearm ischemia-reperfusion. The fit individuals had significantly lower levels of urinary markers of oxidative damage (all P <0.05) and lower F(2)-isoprostane response to the oxidative challenge (P < 0.05), but there were no group differences in antioxidant status. The lower levels of oxidative stress in the fit individuals were not mediated by known effects of exercise training such as adiposity, HDL concentrations, or small molecular weight antioxidants. These data suggest that reduced oxidative stress associated with physical fitness results from differences in activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Traustadóttir
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, 2222 E. Highland Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
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Traustadóttir T, Davies SS, Stock AA, Su Y, Heward CB, Roberts LJ, Harman SM. Tart cherry juice decreases oxidative stress in healthy older men and women. J Nutr 2009; 139:1896-900. [PMID: 19692530 PMCID: PMC3151016 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with young adults, older adults have significantly impaired capacities to resist oxidative damage when faced with acute stress such as ischemia/reperfusion. This impairment likely contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in older adults in response to acute trauma, infections, and the susceptibility to diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Consumption of foods high in polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, have been associated with improved health, but the mechanisms contributing to these salutary effects remain to be fully established. This study tested the hypothesis that consumption of tart cherry juice containing high levels of anthocyanins improves the capacity of older adults to resist oxidative damage during acute oxidative stress. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 12 volunteers [6 men and 6 women; age 69 +/- 4 y (61-75 y)] consumed in random order either tart cherry juice or placebo (240 mL twice daily for 14 d) separated by a 4-wk washout period. The capacity to resist oxidative damage was measured as the changes in plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels in response to forearm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) before and after each treatment. The tart cherry juice intervention reduced the I/R-induced F(2)-isoprostane response (P < 0.05), whereas placebo had no significant effect. The tart cherry juice intervention also reduced basal urinary excretion of oxidized nucleic acids (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine) (P < 0.05) but not urinary excretion of isoprostanes. These data suggest that consumption of tart cherry juice improves antioxidant defenses in vivo in older adults as shown by an increased capacity to constrain an oxidative challenge and reduced oxidative damage to nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anthoney A. Stock
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Yali Su
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christopher B. Heward
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - L. Jackson Roberts
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - S. Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Science Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85016; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Davies SS, Traustadóttir T, Stock AA, Ye F, Shyr Y, Harman SM, Roberts LJ. Ischemia/reperfusion unveils impaired capacity of older adults to restrain oxidative insult. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1014-8. [PMID: 19596063 PMCID: PMC2748908 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Age independently predicts poor outcome in a variety of medical settings, including sepsis, trauma, severe burns, and surgery. Because these conditions are associated with oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the capacity to constrain oxidative insult diminishes with age, leading to more extensive oxidative damage during trauma. To test this hypothesis, we used suprasystolic inflation of an arm blood pressure cuff to safely induce localized forearm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and quantified plasma F(2)-isoprostane (IsoP) levels in serial blood samples. Before I/R, IsoP levels were similar in young (20-33 years) and older adults (62-81 years). After I/R challenge, the magnitude and duration of increased IsoP levels was significantly greater in older adults. Because aging is associated with declining levels of sex hormones that contribute to the regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression, we then examined the response to I/R in older women receiving hormone replacement therapy and found that these women did not manifest the amplified IsoP response found in untreated older women. These findings demonstrate that aging impairs the ability to restrain oxidative damage after an acute insult, which may contribute to the increased vulnerability of older adults to traumatic conditions and establishes a useful method to identify effective interventions to ameliorate this deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Bosch PR, Traustadóttir T, Howard P, Matt KS. Functional and physiological effects of yoga in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med 2009; 15:24-31. [PMID: 19623830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stress, both psychological and physiological, has been implicated as having a role in the onset and exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether neuroendocrine and physical function in women with RA can be altered through a yoga intervention. DESIGN Exercise intervention. SETTING University research conducted at a medical clinic. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen independently living, postmenopausal women with an RA classification of I, II, or III according to the American College of Rheumatology functional classification system served as either participants or controls. INTERVENTION The study group participated in three 75-minute yoga classes a week over a 10-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At baseline and on completion of the 10-week intervention, diurnal cortisol patterns and resting heart rate were measured. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Test. Participants completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HIQ), a visual analog pain scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Yoga resulted in a significantly decreased HAQ disability index, decreased perception of pain and depression, and improved balance. Yoga did not result in a significant change in awakening or diurnal cortisol patterns (P = .12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Bosch
- Department of Physical Therapy, A.T. Still University, USA
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Traustadóttir T, Stock AA, Harman SM. High-dose statin use does not impair aerobic capacity or skeletal muscle function in older adults. Age (Dordr) 2008; 30:283-91. [PMID: 19424852 PMCID: PMC2585641 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-008-9070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are lipid-lowering agents widely employed for atherosclerosis prevention. HMG-CoA reductase blockade reduces skeletal muscle coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) levels and mitochondrial respiratory chain activities and may produce mild to severe skeletal muscle myopathy. This study investigated whether high-dose statin treatment would result in measurably decreased exercise capacity in older men and women. Maximal oxygen consumption, aerobic endurance, oxygen uptake kinetics, maximal strength, muscular power, and muscular endurance were measured before and after 12 weeks of statin treatment (simvastatin, 80 mg/day) in nine men and one woman, ages 55-76 years, with LDL-cholesterol levels >3.3 mmol/l (mean = 4.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Myalgia symptoms were assessed every 4 weeks. As expected, statin treatment resulted in significant decreases in LDL- and total-cholesterol levels (P < 0.01) with no significant changes in HDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels. No significant changes were observed in aerobic capacity, endurance, oxygen kinetics or any measures of muscle function. No subject reported symptoms of myalgia, cramps, or weakness during the study. In the absence of myalgia or myopathic symptoms, high-dose simvastatin treatment did not impair exercise capacity in hyperlipidemic older individuals. We conclude that decreases in intramuscular CoQ(10), in most patients on high dose statin treatment may not be clinically relevant, due to inter-individual variability in the degree of CoQ(10) depletion, sensitivity of muscle to decreases in CoQ(10), or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Traustadóttir
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, 2390 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 440, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
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Traustadóttir T, Stock AA, Harman SM. High-Dose Statin Treatment Does Not Impair Aerobic Capacity Or Muscle Function In Older Adults. A Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000273324.83049.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Traustadóttir T, Bosch PR, Matt KS. The HPA axis response to stress in women: effects of aging and fitness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005; 30:392-402. [PMID: 15694119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypotheses that aging is associated with greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to psychological stress, and whether aerobic fitness is associated with a lower HPA axis response to psychological stress. Three groups, consisting of young-unfit women (27.9+/-2.5 yr, n=10), older-unfit women (66.3+/-1.4 yr, n=14), and older-fit women (66.6+/-2.0 yr, n=12), underwent the Matt Stress Reactivity Protocol (MSRP). The MSRP is a stress test battery that combines mental challenges, a physical challenge, and a psychosocial stressor. Definition of fitness was based on maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) where unfit was defined as having VO(2max)</=average for the respective age group and fit was defined as VO(2max)>average for the respective age group. The MSRP elicited increases in heart rate, blood pressure, ACTH, and cortisol (P<0.001). The older-unfit women had significantly greater cortisol responses to the challenge than both the young-unfit and the older-fit women (P<0.05), who did not differ from each other. ACTH levels were significantly higher in the older-unfit women at baseline and throughout the trial, compared to both young-unfit and the older-fit (P<0.01). The ACTH response was not different between any of the groups. The young-unfit women had greater heart rate responses than the older-unfit (P<0.01), while the latter had greater systolic blood pressure responses (P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the older-unfit and older-fit in terms of heart rate or blood pressure responses. Our result shows that among unfit women, aging is associated with greater HPA axis reactivity to psychological stress, and that higher aerobic fitness among older women can attenuate these age-related changes as indicated by a blunted cortisol response to psychological stress. These findings suggest that exercise training may be an effective way of modifying some of the neuroendocrine changes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Kinesiology, Stress and Neuroendocrine Research Center, Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0404, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin, and to assess whether exercise-induced changes in insulin resistance could be explained in part by changes in these inflammation markers. Study participants included 51 middle-aged (45.3+/-8.3 years; mean+/-SD), overweight (33.7+/-4.8 BMI), insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals. Subjects had their insulin sensitivity, body fat, CRP, and adiponectin levels measured, and their predicted maximal fitness calculated before and after 16 weeks of moderate, intense, or no exercise training. Modest improvements in fitness, body composition, and insulin sensitivity were observed, but these changes were not associated with decreased CRP or increased adiponectin levels, even when subjects were stratified by their change in fitness or obesity. Regression analysis demonstrated that the change in percentage of body fat was significantly related to changes in insulin sensitivity, whereas changes in VO2 MAX, CRP, and adiponectin were not. Participation in moderate to intense exercise was not associated with improved measures of chronic inflammation markers, as measured by CRP and adiponectin. Moreover, improvements in insulin sensitivity resulting from exercise or modest weight loss did not appear to be related to changes in these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Marcell
- School of Human Performance and Recreation, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg 39406-001, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Reaven
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Traustadóttir T, Bosch PR, Cantu T, Matt KS. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response and recovery from high-intensity exercise in women: effects of aging and fitness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:3248-54. [PMID: 15240599 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypotheses that aging is associated with prolonged recovery after a challenge to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (acute exercise) and that aerobic fitness is associated with a blunting of the age-related loss of negative feedback sensitivity. Young (27 +/- 2.8 yr, n = 9), older (64.6 +/- 1.4 yr, n = 11), and older-fit women (66.3 +/- 2.2 yr, n = 11) underwent a short bout of treadmill exercise at high (but submaximal) intensity. The exercise trial elicited significant increases in heart rate, blood pressure, ACTH, and cortisol (P < 0.001). Although the young and the older women exhibited similar cortisol response to the trial and throughout the recovery period, the older women had a slower decrease of ACTH levels (P < 0.05), suggesting reduced negative feedback sensitivity with aging. Between the two groups of older women, the older-fit group had significantly greater rate of recovery of ACTH levels (P < 0.05) compared with the older unfit women. However, older fit women had greater cortisol production during the recovery period (P < 0.05), suggesting greater adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. These results suggest that aging is associated with changes in the dynamic function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and that these changes are attenuated by aerobic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Traustadóttir
- Stress and Neuroendocrine Research Center, Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0404, USA
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Traustadóttir T, Bosch PR, Matt KS. Gender differences in cardiovascular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to psychological stress in healthy older adult men and women. Stress 2003; 6:133-40. [PMID: 12775333 DOI: 10.1080/1025389031000111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular response to psychological stress may contribute to the gender differences in the prevalence of diseases associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and hypertension. We measured plasma ACTH, cortisol, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) responses in 8 men and 8 women (55-75 years) exposed to the Matt Stress Reactivity Protocol (MSRP), a psychological challenge. The MSRP elicited significant increases in HR, systolic-, and diastolic BP, ACTH and cortisol (all p<0.01). Men had significantly greater cortisol and diastolic BP responses compared to women (p<0.05). Additionally, a positive correlation between the ACTH and cortisol responses was only found in the males (r=0.71, p<0.05). There were no group differences in HR, systolic BP, or ACTH responses. We conclude, that among older adults, men respond to psychological stress with greater increases in cortisol, compared to women. This greater activation of the HPA axis could translate into an elevated risk for CVD, diabetes and hypertension and may be related to the higher prevalence of these diseases in males. Gender differences in brain structures and/or cognitive processes may be responsible for these sexually dimorphic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Traustadóttir
- Neuroendocrine Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-0404, USA.
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