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Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010044. [PMID: 36670909 PMCID: PMC9854691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of muscle homeostasis is vital for life and health. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only seriously reduces people's quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality, but also causes a huge socioeconomic burden. To date, no effective treatment has been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy owing to an incomplete understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Exercise therapy is the most effective treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy. Unfortunately, it is not suitable for all patients, such as fractured patients and bedridden patients with nerve damage. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy is crucial for developing new therapies for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, PubMed was systematically screened for articles that appeared in the past 5 years about potential therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy. Herein, we summarize the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagic-lysosomal pathway, caspases, and calpains in skeletal muscle atrophy and systematically expound the potential drug targets and therapeutic progress against skeletal muscle atrophy. This review focuses on current treatments and strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug treatment (active substances of traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, antioxidants, enzyme and enzyme inhibitors, hormone drugs, etc.), gene therapy, stem cell and exosome therapy (muscle-derived stem cells, non-myogenic stem cells, and exosomes), cytokine therapy, physical therapy (electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation, optogenetic technology, heat therapy, and low-level laser therapy), nutrition support (protein, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamin D), and other therapies (biomaterial adjuvant therapy, intestinal microbial regulation, and oxygen supplementation). Considering many treatments have been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy, we propose a combination of proper treatments for individual needs, which may yield better treatment outcomes.
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Sanz FJ, Solana-Manrique C, Torres J, Masiá E, Vicent MJ, Paricio N. A High-Throughput Chemical Screen in DJ-1β Mutant Flies Identifies Zaprinast as a Potential Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2565-2578. [PMID: 34697772 PMCID: PMC8804136 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine replacement represents the standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), a common, chronic, and incurable neurological disorder; however, this approach only treats the symptoms of this devastating disease. In the search for novel disease-modifying therapies that target other relevant molecular and cellular mechanisms, Drosophila has emerged as a valuable tool to study neurodegenerative diseases due to the presence of a complex central nervous system, the blood-brain barrier, and a similar neurotransmitter profile to humans. Human PD-related genes also display conservation in flies; DJ-1β is the fly ortholog of DJ-1, a gene for which mutations prompt early-onset recessive PD. Interestingly, flies mutant for DJ-1β exhibit PD-related phenotypes, including motor defects, high oxidative stress (OS) levels and metabolic alterations. To identify novel therapies for PD, we performed an in vivo high-throughput screening assay using DJ-1β mutant flies and compounds from the Prestwick® chemical library. Drugs that improved motor performance in DJ-1ß mutant flies were validated in DJ-1-deficient human neural-like cells, revealing that zaprinast displayed the most significant ability to suppress OS-induced cell death. Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterases and activates GPR35, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor not previously associated with PD. We found that zaprinast exerts its beneficial effect in both fly and human PD models through several disease-modifying mechanisms, including reduced OS levels, attenuated apoptosis, increased mitochondrial viability, and enhanced glycolysis. Therefore, our results support zaprinast as a potential therapeutic for PD in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología Y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología Y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional Y Antropología Física, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Masiá
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab and Screening Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab and Screening Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología Y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164887. [PMID: 34443483 PMCID: PMC8398525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the decrease in muscle mass and strength caused by reduced protein synthesis/accelerated protein degradation. Various conditions, such as denervation, disuse, aging, chronic diseases, heart disease, obstructive lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, AIDS, sepsis, cancer, and steroidal medications, can cause muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major contributors to muscle atrophy, by modulating signaling pathways that regulate muscle homeostasis. To prevent muscle catabolism and enhance muscle anabolism, several natural and synthetic compounds have been investigated. Recently, polyphenols (i.e., natural phytochemicals) have received extensive attention regarding their effect on muscle atrophy because of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported polyphenols as strongly effective bioactive molecules that attenuate muscle atrophy and enhance muscle health. This review describes polyphenols as promising bioactive molecules that impede muscle atrophy induced by various proatrophic factors. The effects of each class/subclass of polyphenolic compounds regarding protection against the muscle disorders induced by various pathological/physiological factors are summarized in tabular form and discussed. Although considerable variations in antiatrophic potencies and mechanisms were observed among structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds, they are vital factors to be considered in muscle atrophy prevention strategies.
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Arcaro CA, Assis RP, Oliveira JO, Zanon NM, Paula-Gomes S, Navegantes LCC, Kettelhut IC, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition restrains muscle proteolysis in diabetic rats by activating PKA and EPAC/Akt effectors and inhibiting FoxO factors. Life Sci 2021; 278:119563. [PMID: 33930364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is growing evidence about the ability of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on mitigate muscle atrophy. PDE4 accounts for the major cAMP hydrolyzing activity in skeletal muscles, therefore advances are necessary about the consequences of treatment with PDE4 inhibitors on protein breakdown in atrophied muscles. We postulated that rolipram (selective PDE4 inhibitor) may activate cAMP downstream effectors, inhibiting proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 2 mg/kg rolipram for 3 days. Changes in the levels of components belonging to the proteolytic machineries in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were investigated, as well as cAMP effectors. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of diabetic rats with rolipram decreased the levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in soleus and EDL, and reduced the activities of calpains and caspase-3; these findings partially explains the low ubiquitin conjugates levels and the decreased proteasome activity. The inhibition of muscle proteolysis may be occurring due to phosphorylation and inhibition of forkhead box O (FoxO) factors, probably as a consequence of the increased cAMP levels, followed by the activation of PKA and Akt effectors. Akt activation may be associated with the increased levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). As a result, rolipram treatment spared muscle mass in diabetic rats. SIGNIFICANCE The antiproteolytic responses associated with PDE4 inhibition may be helpful to motivate future investigations about the repositioning of PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arcaro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oriel Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Paula-Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu B, Xu J, Cai N, Li M, Liu L, Qin Y, Li X, Wang H. Roflumilast prevents ischemic stroke-induced neuronal damage by restricting GSK3β-mediated oxidative stress and IRE1α/TRAF2/JNK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:281-296. [PMID: 33359910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) protects against neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the protection of PDE4 inhibition have not been completely clarified. Roflumilast (Roflu) is an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The potential protective role of Roflu against ischemic stroke-associated neuronal injury remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Roflu against ischemic stroke using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R) and in vivo rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models. We demonstrated that Roflu significantly reduced the apoptosis of HT-22 cells exposed to OGD/R, enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and reduced oxidative stress. Treatment with Roflu increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) but decreased the level of phosphorylated inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Interestingly, constitutively active GSK3β (S9A) mutation abolished the effects of Roflu on oxidative stress and IRE1α phosphorylation. Moreover, Roflu decreased the binding of IRE1α to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and attenuated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We also found that PDE4B knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of both IRE1α and JNK, while overexpression of PDE4B antagonized the role of PDE4B knockdown on the activation of IRE1α and JNK. Besides, the inhibition of PDE4 by Roflu produced similar effects in primary cultured neurons. Finally, Roflu ameliorated MCAO-induced cerebral injury by decreasing infarct volume, restoring neurological score, and reducing the phosphorylation of IRE1α and JNK. Collectively, these data suggest that Roflu protects neurons from cerebral ischemia reperfusion-mediated injury via the activation of GSK3β/Nrf-2 signaling and suppression of the IRE1α/TRAF2/JNK pathway. Roflu has the potential as a protective drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China.
| | - Ningbo Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunyun Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China.
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Chen Y, Li Z, Li H, Su W, Xie Y, Pan Y, Chen X, Liang D. Apremilast Regulates the Teff/Treg Balance to Ameliorate Uveitis via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581673. [PMID: 33281814 PMCID: PMC7705241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis (AU), being one of the sight-threatening ocular inflammatory disorders, has been widely regarded by ophthalmologists and immunologists as a great challenge. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (PDE4i), which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in 2014, has been attracting researchers, who are exploring its efficiency and mechanism on uveitis. In this study, we used an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a representative model for human AU, to investigate the effect of apremilast on regulating anti-inflammatory mediators. Our study demonstrated that apremilast treatment resulted in a decrease in vascular leakage, macular edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the retina, corresponding to decreased clinical and pathological scores. Specifically, apremilast decreased the proportion and population of Th17 cells and increased the proportion and population of T regulatory (Treg) cells. Mechanistically, apremilast may regulate Th17 and Treg cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathway. These findings suggested that apremilast alleviated EAU by regulating Th17 and Treg through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Baillie GS, Tejeda GS, Kelly MP. Therapeutic targeting of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: inhibition and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:770-796. [PMID: 31388135 PMCID: PMC6773486 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that degrade 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides, are being pursued as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including those affecting the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, fertility, immunity, cancer and metabolism. Clinical development programmes have focused exclusively on catalytic inhibition, which continues to be a strong focus of ongoing drug discovery efforts. However, emerging evidence supports novel strategies to therapeutically target PDE function, including enhancing catalytic activity, normalizing altered compartmentalization and modulating post-translational modifications, as well as the potential use of PDEs as disease biomarkers. Importantly, a more refined appreciation of the intramolecular mechanisms regulating PDE function and trafficking is emerging, making these pioneering drug discovery efforts tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gonzalo S Tejeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Diojan L, Zhaleh H, Azadbakht M, Bidmeshkipour A, Khodamoradi E. Effect of Pentoxifylline on Staurosporine-Induced Neurite Elongation in PC12 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2633-2638. [PMID: 31554357 PMCID: PMC6976854 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pentoxifylline enhances neurite elongation in PC12 cells. This study investigated the effects of pentoxifylline on staurosporine-induced neurite elongation in PC12 cells. Materials and Methods: There were five treatment groups, including treatment group I (1 nM), treatment group II (10 nM), treatment group III (100 nM), treatment group IV (1uM), and treatment group V (10 mM of pentoxifylline), together with 214 nM staurosporine for a range of time (6, 12 and 24 hours). Cells only treated with staurosporine at a concentration of 214 nM were used as the control group. Cell proliferation, cell death, immunocytochemistry assay, and Total Neurite Length were assessed. Results: The results showed that pentoxifylline increased cell viability (p<0.05) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and cell death assay showed that cell death decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). TNL increased significantly compared with control cells (p<0.05). Immunocytochemistry assay showed that pentoxifylline at low and high concentrations enhanced β-tubulin III and GFAP protein expression compared with control cells. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pentoxifylline has positive effects on the staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth process in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loghman Diojan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hossein Zhaleh
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Institute of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehri Azadbakht
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Bidmeshkipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Balasubramaniam A, Sheriff S, Friend LA, James JH. Phosphodiesterase 4B knockout prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with burn injury. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R429-R433. [PMID: 29693432 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00042.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)-cAMP pathway plays a predominant role in mediating skeletal muscle proteolysis in burn injury. The present investigations to determine the PDE4 isoform(s) involved in this action revealed that burn injury increased the expression of rat skeletal muscle PDE4B mRNA by sixfold but had little or no effect on expression of other PDE4 isoforms. These observations led us to study the effects of burn in PDE4B knockout (KO) rats. As reported by us previously, burn injury significantly increased extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle total and myofibrillar proteolysis in wild-type (WT) rats, but there were no significant effects on either total or myofibrillar protein breakdown in EDL muscle of PDE4B KO rats with burn injury. Moreover, burn injury increased PDE4 activity in the skeletal muscle of WT rats, but this was reduced by >80% in PDE4B KO rats. Also, burn injury decreased skeletal muscle cAMP concentration in WT rats but had no significant effects in the muscles of PDE4B KO rats. Incubation of the EDL muscle of burn-PDE4B KO rats with an inhibitor of the exchange factor directly activated by cAMP, but not with a protein kinase A inhibitor, eliminated the protective effects of PDE4B KO on EDL muscle proteolysis and increased muscle proteolysis to the same extent as in the EDL of burn-WT rats. These novel findings confirm a major role for PDE4B in skeletal muscle proteolysis in burn injury and suggest that an innovative therapy based on PDE4B-selective inhibitors could be developed to treat skeletal muscle cachexia in burn injury without the fear of causing emesis, which is associated with PDE4D inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikaipakan Balasubramaniam
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,Shriner's Hospital for Children , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sulaiman Sheriff
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lou Ann Friend
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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S-allyl cysteine inhibits TNFα-induced skeletal muscle wasting through suppressing proteolysis and expression of inflammatory molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:895-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhong J, Yu H, Huang C, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Xie J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Wang H. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 by FCPR16 protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP +-induced decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 16:47-58. [PMID: 29475134 PMCID: PMC5842311 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a promising target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been well elucidated. Additionally, most of current PDE4 inhibitors produce severe nausea and vomiting response in patients, which limit their clinical application. FCPR16 is a novel PDE4 inhibitor with little emetic potential. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of FCPR16 against cellular apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were examined in SH-SY5Y cells. FCPR16 (12.5–50 μM) dose-dependently reduced MPP+-induced loss of cell viability, accompanied by reductions in nuclear condensation and lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of cleaved caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were also decreased after treatment with FCPR16 in MPP+-treated cells. Furthermore, FCPR16 (25 μM) significantly suppressed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and attenuated the expression of malonaldehyde level. Further studies disclosed that FCPR16 enhanced the levels of cAMP and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in SH-SY5Y cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that FCPR16 increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and protein kinase B (Akt) down-regulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of FCPR16 on the production of ROS and Δψm loss could be blocked by PKA inhibitor H-89 and Akt inhibitor KRX-0401. Collectively, these results suggest that FCPR16 attenuates MPP+-induced dopaminergic degeneration via lowering ROS and preventing the loss of Δψm in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, cAMP/PKA/CREB and Epac/Akt signaling pathways are involved in these processes. Our findings indicate that FCPR16 is a promising pre-clinical candidate for the treatment of PD and possibly other oxidative stress-related neuronal diseases. FCPR16 protected SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced apoptosis. FCPR16 attenuated Δψm loss and ROS generation in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. FCPR16 activated cAMP/PKA/CREB and Epac/Akt signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. Blocking cAMP/PKA/CREB or Epac/Akt pathways canceled the protective role of FCPR16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinfeng Xie
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhou
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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13
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Arcaro CA, Assis RP, Zanon NM, Paula-Gomes S, Navegantes LCC, Kettelhut IC, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/Akt signaling in the antiproteolytic effects of pentoxifylline on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:704-716. [PMID: 29357512 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00499.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling protein breakdown in skeletal muscles have allowed the exploration of new options for treating muscle-wasting conditions. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, attenuates the loss of muscle mass during catabolic conditions, mainly via inhibiting protein breakdown. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which PTX inhibits proteolysis in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1 were decreased, as were the activities of caspase-3 (EDL) and calpains (soleus and EDL), in diabetic rats treated with PTX, which at least partly explains the drop in the ubiquitin conjugate (EDL) levels and in proteasome activity (soleus and EDL). Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt. The loss of muscle mass was practically prevented in diabetic rats treated with PTX. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antiproteolytic effects of PTX and suggest the use of PDE inhibitors as a strategy to activate cAMP signaling, which is emerging as a promising target for treating muscle mass loss during atrophic conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY cAMP signaling has been explored as a strategy to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophies. Therefore, in addition to β2AR agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as pentoxifylline (PTX) can be an interesting option. This study advances the understanding of the mechanisms related to the antiproteolytic effects of PTX on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats, which involve the activation of both exchange protein directly activated by cAMP and Akt effectors, inhibiting the expression of atrogenes and calpain/caspase-3-proteolytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arcaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Silvia Paula-Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Isis Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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14
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Tetsi L, Charles AL, Paradis S, Lejay A, Talha S, Geny B, Lugnier C. Effects of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) on mitochondrial skeletal muscle functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1883-1893. [PMID: 28039524 PMCID: PMC11107545 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in skeletal muscle metabolism and function, notably at the level of tissue respiration, which conduct muscle strength as well as muscle survival. Pathological conditions induce mitochondria dysfunctions notably characterized by free oxygen radical production disturbing intracellular signaling. In that way, the second messengers, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, control intracellular signaling at the physiological and transcription levels by governing phosphorylation cascades. Both nucleotides are specifically and selectively hydrolyzed in their respective 5'-nucleotide by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which constitute a multi-genic family differently tissue distributed and subcellularly compartmentalized. These PDEs are presently recognized as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurologic diseases. However, very few data concerning cyclic nucleotides and PDEs in skeletal muscle, specifically in mitochondria, are reported in the literature. The knowledge of PDE implication in mitochondrial signaling would be helpful for resolving critical mitochondrial dysfunctions in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Tetsi
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Paradis
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Samy Talha
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claire Lugnier
- EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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15
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Ohnuki Y, Umeki D, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Nariyama M, Ito A, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Jin H, Cai W, Suita K, Saeki Y, Fujita T, Ishikawa Y, Okumura S. Role of phosphodiesterase 4 expression in the Epac1 signaling-dependent skeletal muscle hypertrophic action of clenbuterol. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12791. [PMID: 27207782 PMCID: PMC4886163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CB), a selective β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, induces muscle hypertrophy and counteracts muscle atrophy. However, it is paradoxically less effective in slow-twitch muscle than in fast-twitch muscle, though slow-twitch muscle has a greater density of β-AR We recently demonstrated that Epac1 (exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP [cAMP]1) plays a pivotal role in β2-AR-mediated masseter muscle hypertrophy through activation of the Akt and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the role of Epac1 in the differential hypertrophic effect of CB using tibialis anterior muscle (TA; typical fast-twitch muscle) and soleus muscle (SOL; typical slow-twitch muscle) of wild-type (WT) and Epac1-null mice (Epac1KO). The TA mass to tibial length (TL) ratio was similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline and was significantly increased after CB infusion in WT, but not in Epac1KO The SOL mass to TL ratio was also similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline, but CB-induced hypertrophy was suppressed in both mice. In order to understand the mechanism involved, we measured the protein expression levels of β-AR signaling-related molecules, and found that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression was 12-fold greater in SOL than in TA These results are consistent with the idea that increased PDE4-mediated cAMP hydrolysis occurs in SOL compared to TA, resulting in a reduced cAMP concentration that is insufficient to activate Epac1 and its downstream Akt and CaMKII/HDAC4 hypertrophic signaling pathways in SOL of WT This scenario can account for the differential effects of CB on fast- and slow-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Dutt V, Gupta S, Dabur R, Injeti E, Mittal A. Skeletal muscle atrophy: Potential therapeutic agents and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:86-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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